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Takano K, Kaneda M, Aoki Y, Fujita N, Chiba S, Michihara S, Han LK, Takahashi R. The protective effects of Ninjin'yoeito against liver steatosis/fibrosis in a non-alcoholic steatohepatitis model mouse. J Nat Med 2024; 78:514-524. [PMID: 38498120 PMCID: PMC11101552 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-024-01786-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a progressive fibrotic form of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Liver fibrosis leads to liver cancer and cirrhosis, and drug therapy for NASH remains lacking. Ninjin'yoeito (NYT) has shown antifibrotic effects in a model of liver fibrosis without steatosis but has not been studied for NASH. Therefore, we evaluated the efficacy of NYT in mice fed a choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined, high-fat diet (CDAHFD) as a NASH model. Compared with the normal diet group, mice fed CDAHFD showed decreased body weight and increased white adipose tissue, liver weight, and triglyceride content in the liver. Furthermore, a substantial increase in the hepatic concentration of hydroxyproline, expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and transforming growth factor-β was observed in CDAHFD-fed mice. Masson's trichrome and Picro-Sirius red staining revealed a remarkable increase in collagen fiber compared with the normal diet group. Compared with mice that received CDAHFD alone, those supplemented with NYT exhibited reduced hepatic triglyceride and hydroxyproline levels and α-SMA expression. Additionally, compared with the group fed CDAHFD alone, the stained liver tissues of NYT-treated mice exhibited a reduction in Masson's trichrome- and Picro-Sirius red-positive areas. Locomotor activity was significantly reduced in the CDAHFD-fed group compared with the normal diet group. In the NYT-treated group, the CDAHFD-induced decrease in locomotor activity was significantly suppressed. The findings indicate that NYT inhibited fatty and fibrotic changes in the livers of NASH mice and alleviated the decrease in locomotor activity. Therefore, NYT may serve as a novel therapeutic approach for NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyohei Takano
- Kampo Research Laboratory, Pharmaceutical Company, Kracie, Ltd., 3-1 Kanebo-Machi, Takaoka, Toyama, Japan.
| | - Marisa Kaneda
- Kampo Research Laboratory, Pharmaceutical Company, Kracie, Ltd., 3-1 Kanebo-Machi, Takaoka, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yayoi Aoki
- Kampo Research Laboratory, Pharmaceutical Company, Kracie, Ltd., 3-1 Kanebo-Machi, Takaoka, Toyama, Japan
| | - Nina Fujita
- Kampo Research Laboratory, Pharmaceutical Company, Kracie, Ltd., 3-1 Kanebo-Machi, Takaoka, Toyama, Japan
| | - Shigeki Chiba
- Kampo Research Laboratory, Pharmaceutical Company, Kracie, Ltd., 3-1 Kanebo-Machi, Takaoka, Toyama, Japan
| | - Seiwa Michihara
- Kampo Research Laboratory, Pharmaceutical Company, Kracie, Ltd., 3-1 Kanebo-Machi, Takaoka, Toyama, Japan
| | - Li-Kun Han
- Kampo Research Laboratory, Pharmaceutical Company, Kracie, Ltd., 3-1 Kanebo-Machi, Takaoka, Toyama, Japan
| | - Ryuji Takahashi
- Kampo Research Laboratory, Pharmaceutical Company, Kracie, Ltd., 3-1 Kanebo-Machi, Takaoka, Toyama, Japan
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The Hematopoietic Effect of Ninjinyoeito (TJ-108), a Traditional Japanese Herbal Medicine, in Pregnant Women Preparing for Autologous Blood Storage. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58081083. [PMID: 36013550 PMCID: PMC9412375 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58081083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: There are no reports showing the hematopoietic effect of TJ-108 on pregnant women. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of TJ-108 on the hemoglobin and hematocrit levels, and white blood cell and platelet counts of pregnant women complicated with placenta previa who were managed with autologous blood storage for cesarean section. Materials and Methods: We studied two groups of patients who were complicated with placenta previa and who underwent cesarean delivery. Group A consisted of women who were treated with oral iron medication (100 mg/day), and Group B consisted of women who were treated with TJ-108 at a dose of 9.0 g per day, in addition to oral iron medication, from the first day of blood storage until the day before cesarean delivery. To evaluate the effect of TJ-108, the patients’ red blood cell (RBC); Hb; hematocrit (Ht); white blood cell (WBC); and platelet count (PLT) levels were measured 7 days after storage and at postoperative days (POD) 1 and 5. Results: The study included 65 individuals, 38 in group A and 27 in group B. At the initial storage, a 0.2 g/dL reduction in Hb levels was observed, as compared to the initial Hb levels, in the TJ-108 treated patients, whereas a 0.6 g/dL reduction in Hb levels was observed in the non-TJ-108 treated group. On the other hand, regarding the second and subsequent storages, no significant difference was found in the decrease in the Hb levels of both groups. Conclusions: This study is the first report showing the effect of TJ-108 on improving anemia in pregnant women, presumably by its boosting effect on myelohematopoiesis. Therefore, the combined administration of both iron and TJ-108 is effective as a strategy for pregnant women at a high risk of PPH due to complications such as placenta previa.
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Kawakami SI, Fukuda S, Shinbori Y, Umeki M, Mitani M, Kuramoto A, Sugimoto C, Nitta M, Higashi K, Ito M. A quasi-randomized controlled trial of Ninjin'yoeito for the treatment of postpartum anemia and the prevention of postpartum depression. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2022; 48:2830-2838. [PMID: 35882511 DOI: 10.1111/jog.15378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM To study the effect of Ninjin'yoeito (NYT) on postpartum anemia and on the development of postpartum depression (PPD). METHODS In this prospective, single-center, open-label, quasi-randomized controlled trial, patients with anemia 1-2 days postdelivery were randomized to receive either NYT or an oral iron preparation for 4 weeks. The primary endpoint was the hemoglobin (Hb) level. Secondary endpoints were fatigue (assessed by the numerical rating scale [NRS]) and prevalence of postpartum depressive symptoms, as defined by an Edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS) score ≥9. Hb levels and fatigue were measured before, and 4 weeks after, treatment and the EPDS was measured 4 weeks posttreatment. RESULTS Of 1066 participants (NYT group: 532, iron group: 534) 1061 (NYT group: 529, iron group: 532) underwent full analysis. The Hb level increased significantly in both groups (p < 0.001), and there were no significant differences between the groups in terms of the change in Hb levels (NYT: 2.4 ± 0.8 g/dL vs. iron: 2.5 ± 0.7 g/dL, p = 0.098). Fatigue decreased significantly in the NYT group (p < 0.001) but did not change in the iron group, and the difference was significant (p < 0.001). There was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of the prevalence of postpartum depressive symptoms (NYT: 5.7% vs. iron: 9.4%, odds ratio [OR] = 0.58, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.36-0.93). CONCLUSION The results suggest that NYT improves postpartum anemia and fatigue, and may be able to prevent the development of PPD.
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Yagi T, Sawada K, Miyamoto M, Kinose Y, Nakagawa S, Takiuchi T, Kodama M, Kobayashi E, Hashimoto K, Mabuchi S, Tomimatsu T, Yoshino K, Kimura T. Safety and efficacy of Ninjin'yoeito along with iron supplementation therapy for preoperative anemia, fatigue, and anxiety in patients with gynecological disease: an open-label, single-center, randomized phase-II trial. BMC Womens Health 2022; 22:229. [PMID: 35701778 PMCID: PMC9195328 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-022-01824-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Preoperative anemia affects perioperative outcomes and often causes fatigue and psychological disorders. Therefore, anemia should be treated before a patient undergoes surgery. Ninjin’yoeito (NYT), a Japanese Kampo medicine composed of ginseng and Japanese angelica root with the other 10 herbs, is administered for anemia, fatigue and anxiety; however, there are a few reports that have prospectively examined the effects of NYT before surgery for gynecological diseases. Hence, we tended to investigate its efficacy and safety. Methods In this open-label randomized trial, women with gynecological diseases accompanied by preoperative anemia (defined as < 11.0 g/dL Hemoglobin [Hb]) were randomly assigned (1:1) into the iron supplementation and NYT groups. Patients of the iron supplementation group and the NYT group received 100 mg/day iron supplementation with and without NYT (7.5 g/day) for at least 10 days before surgery. The primary endpoint was improvement in Hb levels before and after treatment, and Cancer Fatigue Scale (CFS) and Visual Analogue Scale for Anxiety (VAS-A) scores between groups. Statistical analyses were performed with Wilcoxon signed rank test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, and Fisher’s exact test as appropriate. Results Forty patients were enrolled of whom 30 patients were finally analyzed after allocating 15 to each group. There was no difference in the characteristics between both groups. Hb significantly increased in both groups (iron supplementation group, 9.9 ± 0.8 g/dL vs. 11.9 ± 1.6 g/dL; NYT group, 9.8 ± 1.0 g/dL vs. 12.0 ± 1.0 g/dL); the difference in the elevations in Hb between both groups was statistically insignificant (P = 0.72). Contrarily, CFS (17.9 ± 10.2 vs. 8.1 ± 5.2) and VAS-A (56 mm (50–70) vs. 23 mm (6–48)) scores were significantly decreased only in the NYT group and these changes were greater in the NYT group (∆CFS, P = 0.015; ∆VAS-A, P = 0.014). Liver dysfunction occurred in one patient of the NYT group. Conclusions For treating preoperative anemia in women with gynecological conditions, NYT administration along with iron supplementation safely and efficiently improved the preoperative fatigue and anxiety in addition to the recovery from anemia. Trial registration: jRCT1051190012 (28/April/2019, retrospectively registered). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12905-022-01824-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Yagi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamada-oka, Suita-city, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Sawada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamada-oka, Suita-city, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Mayuko Miyamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamada-oka, Suita-city, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuto Kinose
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamada-oka, Suita-city, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakagawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamada-oka, Suita-city, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takiuchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamada-oka, Suita-city, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Clinical Genomics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michiko Kodama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamada-oka, Suita-city, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eiji Kobayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamada-oka, Suita-city, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kae Hashimoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamada-oka, Suita-city, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Genetic Counseling, Osaka University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Seiji Mabuchi
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuji Tomimatsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamada-oka, Suita-city, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Yoshino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kimura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamada-oka, Suita-city, Osaka, Japan
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Motoo Y, Cameron S. Kampo medicines for supportive care of patients with cancer: A brief review. Integr Med Res 2022; 11:100839. [PMID: 35242536 PMCID: PMC8885446 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2022.100839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methods Results Conclusion
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Okada KI, Kawai M, Hirono S, Miyazawa M, Kitahata Y, Kobayashi R, Ueno M, Hayami S, Shimokawa T, Yamaue H. Impact of Ninjin'Yoeito on Fatigue in Patients Receiving Nab-Paclitaxel Plus Gemcitabine Therapy: A Prospective, Single-Arm, Phase II Open Label, Nonrandomized, Historically-Controlled Study. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 2020; 93:100605. [PMID: 33014206 PMCID: PMC7522496 DOI: 10.1016/j.curtheres.2020.100605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ninjin'yoeito, a traditional Japanese herbal medicine, is used to prevent fatigue, loss of appetite, and coldness of limbs. Fatigue is an especially common issue during chemotherapy and can affect quality of life and the ability to complete scheduled treatment. Objectives This prospective exploratory trial evaluates the efficacy of ninjin'yoeito for fatigue in patients undergoing nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine therapy for unresectable pancreatic cancer. The primary end point was evaluation of fatigue according to Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue score during 2 courses of nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine therapy. Secondary end points included evaluation of dose intensity, appetite loss using numerical rating scale, and peripheral neuropathy using a patient neurotoxicity questionnaire. Methods We compared data from this interventional trial with a prior observational trial without administration of ninjin'yoeito with identical definition of end points (UMIN000021758). Thirty patients were required by the study. Results Threshold mean of Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue score across 8 weeks during chemotherapy was under 5.3 (P = 0.002). Secondary end points did not reveal any specific patterns in appetite loss or degree of pain. No significant changes in patient neurotoxicity questionnaire concerning sensory/motor disorders were observed, but the mean (SD) incidence of patients with sensory disturbance was higher between the fifth and eighth weeks (8.8 [1.26]) than during the first and fourth weeks (4.8 [0.96]) (P = 0.003). Clinically significant adverse reactions of ninjin'yoeito were not observed. Conclusions Ninjin'yoeito may be useful for improving the symptoms of fatigue caused by nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine in patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer. UMIN Clinical Trials Registry identifier: UMIN000025606. (Curr Ther Res Clin Exp. 2020; 81:XXX–XXX)
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichi Okada
- Second Department of Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Manabu Kawai
- Second Department of Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Seiko Hirono
- Second Department of Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Motoki Miyazawa
- Second Department of Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yuji Kitahata
- Second Department of Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Ryohei Kobayashi
- Second Department of Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Masaki Ueno
- Second Department of Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Shinya Hayami
- Second Department of Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Toshio Shimokawa
- Clinical Study Support Center, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yamaue
- Second Department of Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
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Morinaga A, Nakamura H, Hattanmaru K, Rokot NT, Kimura Y, Ito T. Good Rehabilitation Outcomes and Improved Nutritional Status After Treatment With the Japanese Herbal Medicine Ninjin'yoeito in an Elderly Patient With Hip Fracture and Sarcopenia: A Case Report. Front Nutr 2020; 7:85. [PMID: 32714940 PMCID: PMC7344182 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a case involving a 92-year-old man who successfully received treatment with ninjin'yoeito, a Japanese herbal medicine, during the rehabilitation phase after hip fracture surgery. The patient was diagnosed with a left femoral neck fracture and underwent surgery. Two weeks after surgery, he was admitted to a rehabilitation hospital. At that time, his height, weight, body fat percentage, muscle mass, and Functional Independence Measure (FIM) score were 167 cm, 61 kg, 34.1%, 38.2 kg, and 49, respectively. For 1 month after surgery (i.e., 2 weeks after admission to the rehabilitation facility), he received rikkunshito, a traditional Japanese herbal medicine also known as Kampo medicine, for appetite loss and underwent rehabilitation. However, his appetite loss showed no improvement, and rikkunshito (7.5 g/d) was replaced with ninjin'yoeito (7.5 g/d). Two months later, although the patient's body weight and body fat percentage decreased to 56.5 kg and 21.1%, respectively, his muscle mass increased to 38.9 kg. Nutritional status evaluation indicated an improvement in the level of proteins such as transferrin, prealbumin, and retinol-binding protein, which reflected an increase in food intake. The FIM score improved from 49 to 105. No side effects were observed. The findings from this case suggest that ninjin'yoeito, which includes Astragalus root and Schisandra fruit, may be an effective treatment option for sarcopenia or frailty with appetite loss and impaired activities of daily living in aged patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinori Morinaga
- Institute of Oriental Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nakamura
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hattanmaru Rehabilitation Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kenji Hattanmaru
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hattanmaru Rehabilitation Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Natasya Trivena Rokot
- Pharmacological Department of Herbal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yoko Kimura
- Institute of Oriental Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Ito
- Institute of Oriental Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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Motoo Y, Tomita Y, Fujita H. Prophylactic efficacy of ninjin'yoeito for oxaliplatin-induced cumulative peripheral neuropathy in patients with colorectal cancer receiving postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy: a randomized, open-label, phase 2 trial (HOPE-2). Int J Clin Oncol 2020; 25:1123-1129. [PMID: 32232692 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-020-01648-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is an intractable side effect of oxaliplatin, with no effective prophylaxis so far. Ninjin'yoeito (NYT), a Kampo medicine, is protective against oxaliplatin-induced neuronal cell injury in vitro and ameliorates oxaliplatin-induced PN in vivo. Thus, this randomized controlled trial was aimed at clarifying NYT's prophylactic effect for oxaliplatin-induced cumulative PN. METHODS 52 patients with colorectal cancers of pathological stage 3 received postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy with the CapeOX regimen: eight cycles of capecitabine (2400 mg/m2) plus oxaliplatin (130 mg/m2) at 3-week intervals. They were randomly assigned to NYT administration and non-administration groups. NYT (9.0 g/day) was administered from day 1 of cycle 1 in the NYT group. The NYT was administered orally daily throughout each cycle. The primary endpoint was the grade of cumulative PN at the end of eight cycles. The secondary endpoints included relative dose intensity (RDI) of oxaliplatin, recurrence-free survival (RFS), and overall survival (OS). RESULTS 40 patients (n = 20 in both groups) completed 8 chemotherapy cycles. The incidence of grade 2 or greater cumulative PN at the 8th chemotherapy cycle was significantly lower in the NYT group (2/20, 10.0%) than in the control group (11/20, 55.0%, P < 0.01). RDI of oxaliplatin was significantly higher in the NYT group than in the control group (P = 0.02). RFS and OS were better in the NYT group than in the control group, but the difference was not significant. CONCLUSIONS NYT may reduce the incidence of oxaliplatin-induced cumulative PN and facilitate maintenance of the CapeOX dosing regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiharu Motoo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan.
| | - Yasuto Tomita
- Department of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Hideto Fujita
- Department of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
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Perspectives on the Use of Ninjin'yoeito in Modern Medicine: A Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:9590260. [PMID: 31565066 PMCID: PMC6745181 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9590260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Ninjin'yoeito (NYT), a traditional Japanese (Kampo) medicine that originates from China, has been used to treat qi and blood deficiency based on its original concept. Kampo medicine has been widely used to treat many conditions and disorders combined with western medicine or Kampo medicine alone in modern situation. Aims We reviewed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of NYT and discussed various standpoints regarding its use in modern situation. Methods We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Evidence Reports of Kampo Treatment (EKAT) for articles written in English, and Ichushi, J-Stage, and EKAT for those written in Japanese. Articles published before January 1, 2019, were retrieved using the keywords “ninjinyoeito” and “ninjin'yoeito,” and RCTs were selected from these extracted articles. Result Of 734 articles, 13 were RCTs, 46 were non-RCTs or studies of other designs, 15 were case reports, and 36 were experimental studies using NYT. NYT was evaluated for its use as a treatment for cancer and related conditions, refractory blood diseases and conditions, and otorhinolaryngologic symptom in 13 RCTs. Based on the use of Kampo medicine in modern situation called as Yasui's classification, 10 of 13 RCTs were categorized as “the side effects of Western medicinal treatment are mitigated when combined with Kampo treatment” and the remaining 3 were categorized as “treatment effect of Kampo medicine is increased in combination with standard Western medicinal treatment.” Conclusion. Several studies demonstrated the efficacy of NYT in refractory diseases and other conditions, and the accompanied side effects of treatment with western medicine.
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Miyano K, Nonaka M, Uzu M, Ohshima K, Uezono Y. Multifunctional Actions of Ninjinyoeito, a Japanese Kampo Medicine: Accumulated Scientific Evidence Based on Experiments With Cells and Animal Models, and Clinical Studies. Front Nutr 2018; 5:93. [PMID: 30349821 PMCID: PMC6186795 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2018.00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbal medicines are currently employed for the treatment of several types of diseases, and also employed for the improvement of Quality of Life (QOL) of patients over the world, in particular, in Asian countries. In Japan, a Japanese herbal medicine namely kampo medicine has been prescribed for the improvement of QOL of patients. Ninjinyoeito (NYT), composed of 12 herbal plants, is one of kampo medicines and used for helping recovery of diseases and improving several symptoms that suffer patients such as anemia, anorexia and fatigue. Recent scientific research approaches to kampo medicines with cells and animal models enable to prove that NYT has multiple functions for improvement of symptoms. Also, clinical studies using NYT support such actions to be widely used for the improvement of symptoms that reduce the QOL of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Miyano
- Division of Cancer Pathophysiology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miki Nonaka
- Division of Cancer Pathophysiology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miaki Uzu
- Division of Cancer Pathophysiology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Ohshima
- Division of Cancer Pathophysiology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Uezono
- Division of Cancer Pathophysiology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Supportive Care Research, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
- Innovation Center for Supportive, Palliative and Psychosocial Care, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Comprehensive Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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Takaku S, Shimizu M, Takahashi H. Japanese Kampo medicine ninjin'yoeito synergistically enhances tumor vaccine effects mediated by CD8 + T cells. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:3471-3478. [PMID: 28529575 PMCID: PMC5431575 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Japanese traditional herbal medicine (Kampo) has been widely applied to the treatment of various diseases, including cancer, their mechanisms of action have not yet been elucidated in detail, particularly regarding their role in tumor immunology. The present study investigated the antitumor effects of the Japanese Kampo medicine, ninjin'yoeito (NYT; Ren-Shen-Yang-Rong-Tang in Chinese), which was orally administered with or without an irradiated tumor cell vaccine to a subcutaneous CT26 colon carcinoma tumor model. The irradiated tumor cell vaccine in a prophylactic setting significantly delayed tumor growth in mice fed a control diet, whereas a diet containing NYT alone did not exert any antitumor effects in vivo. However, the inhibition of tumor growth was significantly greater in vaccinated mice fed the NYT diet compared with in vaccinated mice given the control diet. These results suggest that NYT synergistically enhances the effects of the antitumor vaccine. The depletion of cluster of differentiation (CD)8+ T cells abrogated these effects, indicating that antitumor activity required CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, reductions in CD4+ CD25+ and forkhead box protein 3+ T regulatory cell numbers were more apparent between vaccinated mice fed the NYT diet and non-vaccinated mice fed the control diet than between vaccinated mice and non-vaccinated mice fed the control diet, suggesting that the weaker impact of T regulatory cells contributes to the augmentation of antitumor immunity by CD8+ T cells in vaccinated mice fed with NYT. Overall, these results indicate that NYT synergistically enhances the effects of the prophylactic tumor vaccine mediated by CD8+ T cells and that this Japanese Kampo medicine has potential as a useful adjuvant agent for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Takaku
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Masumi Shimizu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Hidemi Takahashi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
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Wang J, Xin S, Jin X, Cheng Y, Yan T, Qing S, Ding N, Zhao P. Meta-Analysis of Combination Therapy of Chinese Herbs Plus Interferon and Ribavirin in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:1817-26. [PMID: 27237628 PMCID: PMC4913828 DOI: 10.12659/msm.895647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to evaluate the combination therapy of Chinese herbs plus interferon and ribavirin in treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). MATERIAL AND METHODS Related databases were searched to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated biochemical response, virological response, histological response, and/or adverse reactions to combination therapy of interferon and ribavirin with and without Chinese herbs. The RR (relative risk) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated. Sensitivity analysis was conducted by omitting one study at a time. Publication bias among the eligible studies was evaluated by Egger's test. RESULTS A total of 17 RCTs matched the selection criteria. Overall, combination therapies of Chinese herbs plus interferon and ribavirin achieved significantly higher ALT (alanine transaminase) and ETVR (the end-of-treatment viral response), and significantly lower levels of HA (hyaluronic acid), LN (laminin), PC III (procollagen iii peptide), IV-C (type IV collagen), decreased LC (decreasing leukocyte count), ATF (abnormal thyroid function), psychosis, and anemia in CHC patients compared with those treated without Chinese herbs. Sensitivity analysis showed no changes and no potential publication bias was found. CONCLUSIONS The current evidence suggests that combination therapy of Chinese herb plus interferon and ribavirin yields better outcome and fewer adverse events in CHC patients than that of interferon plus ribavirin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Wang
- International Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Diseases, The 302 Military Hospital of China, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Shaojie Xin
- International Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Diseases, The 302 Military Hospital of China, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Xueyuan Jin
- International Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Diseases, The 302 Military Hospital of China, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Yongqian Cheng
- International Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Diseases, The 302 Military Hospital of China, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Tao Yan
- International Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Diseases, The 302 Military Hospital of China, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Song Qing
- International Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Diseases, The 302 Military Hospital of China, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Ning Ding
- International Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Diseases, The 302 Military Hospital of China, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Ping Zhao
- International Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Diseases, The 302 Military Hospital of China, Beijing, China (mainland)
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Hsiao PJ, Lin KS, Chiu CC, Chen HW, Huang JS, Kao SY, Lin YF, Chen JS. Use of traditional Chinese medicine (Ren Shen Yang Rong Tang) against microinflammation in hemodialysis patients: An open-label trial. Complement Ther Med 2015; 23:363-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2014] [Revised: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Inoue T, Kulkeaw K, Muennu K, Tanaka Y, Nakanishi Y, Sugiyama D. Herbal drug ninjin'yoeito accelerates myelopoiesis but not erythropoiesis in vitro. Genes Cells 2014; 19:432-40. [PMID: 24636045 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Some Kampo medicines that are herbal and traditional in Japan have had beneficial effects when given to patients with anemia. However, molecular mechanisms underlying their effects are unclear. To address this question, four Kampo medicines used to treat anemia-ninjin'yoeito (NYT), shimotsuto (SMT), juzentaihoto (JTT), and daibofuto (DBT)-were tested separately using in vitro cultures of mouse bone marrow mononuclear cells. Among them, NYT was most effective in stimulating cell proliferation and up-regulating Myc expression. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that, among hematopoietic components of those cultures, myeloid cells expressing CD45/Mac-1/Gr-1/F4/80 increased in number, but Ter119/CD71 erythroid cells did not. Accordingly, real-time PCR analysis showed up-regulation of the myeloid gene Pu.1, whereas the erythroid genes Gata1 and Klf1 were down-regulated. Overall, these findings provide molecular evidence that NYT accelerates myelopoiesis but not erythropoiesis in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Inoue
- Department of Research and Development of Next Generation Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan; Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
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Watanabe K, Matsuura K, Gao P, Hottenbacher L, Tokunaga H, Nishimura K, Imazu Y, Reissenweber H, Witt CM. Traditional Japanese Kampo Medicine: Clinical Research between Modernity and Traditional Medicine-The State of Research and Methodological Suggestions for the Future. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2011; 2011:513842. [PMID: 21687585 PMCID: PMC3114407 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/neq067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2009] [Accepted: 05/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The Japanese traditional herbal medicine, Kampo, has gradually reemerged and 148 different formulations (mainly herbal extracts) can be prescribed within the national health insurance system. The objective of this article is to introduce Kampo and to present information from previous clinical studies that tested Kampo formulae. In addition, suggestions on the design of future research will be stated. The literature search was based on a summary, up until January 2009, by the Japanese Society of Oriental Medicine and included only those trials which were also available in either Pubmed or ICHUSHI (Japan Medical Abstracts Society). We included 135 studies, half of these studies (n = 68) used a standard control and 28 a placebo control. Thirty-seven trials were published in English [all randomized controlled trials (RCTs)] and the remaining articles were in Japanese only. The sample size for most studies was small (two-third of the studies included less than 100 patients) and the overall methodological quality appeared to be low. None of the studies used Kampo diagnosis as the basis for the treatment. In order to evaluate Kampo as a whole treatment system, certain aspects should be taken into account while designing studies. RCTs are the appropriate study design to test efficacy or effectiveness; however, within the trial the treatment could be individualized according to the Kampo diagnosis. Kampo is a complex and individualized treatment with a long tradition, and it would be appropriate for further research on Kampo medicine to take this into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Watanabe
- Center for Kampo Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Matsuura
- Center for Kampo Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Pengfei Gao
- Center for Kampo Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lydia Hottenbacher
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité University Medical Center, 10098 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hideaki Tokunaga
- Center for Kampo Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ko Nishimura
- Center for Kampo Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Imazu
- Center for Kampo Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Heidrun Reissenweber
- Research Unit for Japanese Phytotherapy (Kampo), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia M. Witt
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité University Medical Center, 10098 Berlin, Germany
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Current practice guidelines recommend that individuals chronically infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) be treated with pegylated interferon plus ribavirin. Ribavirin, however, is associated with serious adverse events (AE), especially anemia. We review its mechanism of action, its importance in treating chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients, the AE associated with its use, and techniques used to lessen these AE. METHODS Medline searches were performed using the keywords ribavirin and hepatitis, together with the keywords mechanism, anemia, liver transplant, renal function, pharmacokinetics, and dose reduction. Searches of abstracts of recent Digestive Diseases Week, American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, and European Association for the Study of Liver Diseases meetings were also performed. RESULTS Ribavirin may be effective in treating CHC by affecting the virus or the host; for example by inducing viral mutations, blocking cellular enzymes, or affecting the host immune response. Although the pegylated interferons are the primary drugs used to treat CHC, a combination with ribavirin is more effective than pegylated interferon alone. Ribavirin-associated AE may be lessened by ribavirin dose reductions and by maintenance of the hematocrit. CONCLUSIONS Treatments of ribavirin toxicities, especially anemia, can allow patients to continue full-dose combination therapy with peginterferon and ribavirin, enhancing their probability of attaining a sustained virologic response (SVR). Treatment of CHC should be tailored to individual patients, especially those with renal dysfunction, and should include agents that treat the side-effects of CHC treatment. Monitoring of plasma ribavirin concentrations during treatment may help in the future.
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