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Yang XT, Niu PQ, Li XF, Sun MM, Wei W, Chen YQ, Zheng JY. Differential cytokine expression in gastric tissues highlights helicobacter pylori's role in gastritis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7683. [PMID: 38561502 PMCID: PMC10984929 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58407-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), known for causing gastric inflammation, gastritis and gastric cancer, prompted our study to investigate the differential expression of cytokines in gastric tissues, which is crucial for understanding H. pylori infection and its potential progression to gastric cancer. Focusing on Il-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-18, and TNF-α, we analysed gene and protein levels to differentiate between H. pylori-infected and non-infected gastritis. We utilised real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) for gene quantification, immunohistochemical staining, and ELISA for protein measurement. Gastric samples from patients with gastritis were divided into three groups: (1) non-gastritis (N-group) group, (2) gastritis without H. pylori infection (G-group), and (3) gastritis with H. pylori infection (GH-group), each consisting of 8 samples. Our findings revealed a statistically significant variation in cytokine expression. Generally, cytokine levels were higher in gastritis, but in H. pylori-infected gastritis, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 levels were lower compared to H. pylori-independent gastritis, while IL-12, IL-18, and TNF-α levels were higher. This distinct cytokine expression pattern in H. pylori-infected gastritis underscores a unique inflammatory response, providing deeper insights into its pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Tang Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongming Branch, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 66 Xiangyangdong Road, Bao Town, Chongming District, Shanghai, 202157, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China.
| | - Pei-Qin Niu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongming Branch, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 66 Xiangyangdong Road, Bao Town, Chongming District, Shanghai, 202157, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao-Feng Li
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Ming Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Qing Chen
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Yi Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China
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Hazan Z, Adamsky K, Lucassen A, Levin LA. A First-in-Human Phase 1 Randomized Single and Multiple Ascending Dose Study of RPh201 in Healthy Volunteers. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2019; 9:366-374. [PMID: 31250992 PMCID: PMC7187404 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
RPh201 is a drug extracted from gum mastic that has been studied for its anti‐inflammatory and antibacterial properties. Preclinical studies of RPh201 demonstrated neuroprotective and neuroenhancing effects. Toxicology studies in animals did not reveal safety concerns or genotoxic effects. This single‐center, phase 1, randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐masked study in healthy volunteers assessed the safety and tolerability of RPh201, and determined the highest tolerated dose. There were 2 parts: a single ascending dose (SAD) stage, followed by a multiple ascending dose (MAD) stage. Three dosing arms were included in each stage (5 mg, 10 mg, and 20 mg). Safety data in the lower dosing arms were evaluated before higher doses were initiated. Eighteen participants were randomized in the SAD stage: 12 to RPh201 (4 at each dose) and 4 to placebo. Twenty‐one participants were randomized in the MAD stage, of which 13 received RPh201. All 18 participants in the SAD stage completed treatment. Sixteen of the 21 participants in the MAD stage completed treatment. The most frequently reported adverse events were local injection site pain and erythema. No deaths or adverse events related to changes in vital signs or electrocardiograms were reported. No occurrences of suicidal behavior or ideation were reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Leonard A Levin
- Departments of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences and Neurology & Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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Ramot Y, Hazan Z, Lucassen A, Adamsky K, Santhosh Kumar DP, Vijayasarathi SK, Krishnappa H, Seervi MS, Nyska A. Toxicity and toxicokinetic study of RPh201 in Sprague-Dawley rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 112:168-177. [PMID: 29288761 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mastic gum is used for health products and in the food industry, and is being tested for several clinical indications. Nevertheless, information on its safety is scarce. Our aim was to test the local and systemic toxicity of RPh201, a botanical extract of gum mastic, and to assess the toxicokinetic profile of the mastic gum constituents masticadienonic acid (MDA) and isomasticadienonic acid (IMDA). 340 Sprague-Dawley rats were administered twice weekly subcutaneously with placebo or different doses of RPh201 for 6 months with an interim group at 3 months and a 4-week recovery group. No systemic toxicity was observed with RPh201. Local injection site reactions were observed in all animals, with comparable severity and frequency in the placebo and high dose groups. However, given the relative increase in tissue reaction in the high dose group, these changes were attributed to RPh201 administration. Nevertheless, considering the minor local irritation effects and clear trend for reversibility, the effects were not judged to be adverse. The toxicokinetic study revealed that the MDA and IMDA exposure increased with dose and the increase was supra-proportional on all days. This study supports a "no observed adverse effect level" (NOAEL) of 300 mg/kg body weight in Sprague-Dawley rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Ramot
- Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Abraham Nyska
- Tel Aviv University and Toxicologic Pathology, Timrat, Israel.
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Rahman H, Kim M, Leung G, Green JA, Katz S. Drug-Herb Interactions in the Elderly Patient with IBD: a Growing Concern. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 15:618-636. [PMID: 28918484 DOI: 10.1007/s11938-017-0154-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes conditions such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is becoming more prevalent with the elderly being the fastest growing group. Parallel to this, there is an increasing interest in the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). Nearly half of patients with IBD have used CAM at one time. The elderly patients, however, are burdened by comorbid conditions, polypharmacy, and altered functional status. With increasing use of complementary and alternative medicine in our elderly patients with IBD, it is vital for the provider to provide counsel on drug-herb potential interactions. CAM includes herbal products, diet, dietary supplements, acupuncture, and prayer. In this paper, we will review common CAM, specifically herbs, that are used in patients with IBD including the herb background, suggested use, evidence in IBD, and most importantly, potential interactions with IBD medications used in elderly patients. Most important evidence-based adverse events and drug-herb interactions are summarized. The herbs discussed include Triticum aestivum (wheat grass), Andrographis paniculata (chiretta), Boswellia serrata, tormentil, bilberry, curcumin (turmeric), Plantago ovata (blond psyllium), Oenothera biennis (evening primrose oil), germinated barley foodstuff, an herbal preparation of myrrh, chamomile and coffee extract, chios mastic gum, wormwood (absinthe, thujone), Cannabis sativa (marijuana, THC), tripterygium wilfordii (thunder god vine), Ulmus rubra (slippery elm bark), trigonella foenugraecum (fenugreek), Dioscorea mexicana (wild yam), Harpagophytum procumbens (devil's claw), ginger, cinnamon, licorice, and peppermint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haider Rahman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Albany Medical Center, 47 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Marina Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital Weill Cornell College of Medicine, 506 Sixth Street Suite 312 Buckley Pavilion, Brooklyn, NY, 11215, USA.
| | - Galen Leung
- New York University School of Medicine, 550 1st Avenue NBV 16 North 30, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jesse A Green
- Perelman School of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Seymour Katz
- Division of Gastroenterology, New York University School of Medicine NYC North Shore University - Long Island Jewish Hospital System, Manhasset, NY, USA.,St. Francis Hospital, Roslyn, NY, USA
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Shmuely H, Domniz N, Yahav J. Non-pharmacological treatment of Helicobacter pylori. World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther 2016; 7:171-178. [PMID: 27158532 PMCID: PMC4848239 DOI: 10.4292/wjgpt.v7.i2.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many food and plant extracts have shown in vitro anti-Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) activity, but are less effective in vivo. The anti-H. pylori effects of these extracts are mainly permeabilitization of the membrane, anti-adhesion, inhibition of bacterial enzymes and bacterial grown. We, herein, review treatment effects of cranberry, garlic, curcumin, ginger and pistacia gum against H. pylori in both in vitro, animal studies and in vivo studies.
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Fu HW. Helicobacter pylori neutrophil-activating protein: From molecular pathogenesis to clinical applications. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:5294-5301. [PMID: 24833859 PMCID: PMC4017044 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i18.5294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) neutrophil-activating protein (HP-NAP) was originally identified as a virulence factor of H. pylori for its ability to activate neutrophils to generate respiratory burst by releasing reactive oxygen species. Later on, HP-NAP was also found to be involved in the protection of H. pylori from DNA damage, supporting the survival of H. pylori under oxidative stress. This protein is highly conserved and expressed by virtually all clinical isolates of H. pylori. The majority of patients infected with H. pylori produced antibodies specific for HP-NAP, suggesting its important role in immunity. In addition to acting as a pathogenic factor by activating the innate immunity through a wide range of human leukocytes, including neutrophils, monocytes, and mast cells, HP-NAP also mediates adaptive immunity through the induction of T helper cell type I responses. The pro-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties of HP-NAP not only make it play an important role in disease pathogenesis but also make it a potential candidate for clinical use. Even though there is no convincing evidence to link HP-NAP to a disease outcome, recent findings supporting the pathogenic role of HP-NAP will be reviewed. In addition, the potential clinical applications of HP-NAP in vaccine development, clinical diagnosis, and drug development will be discussed.
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7
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Serum Helicobacter pylori NapA antibody as a potential biomarker for gastric cancer. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4143. [PMID: 24553293 PMCID: PMC3929916 DOI: 10.1038/srep04143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is strongly associated with gastric cancer. However, only a minority of infected individuals ever develop gastric cancer. This risk stratification may be in part due to differences among strains. The relationship between neutrophil-activating protein (NapA) and gastric cancer is unclear. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the significance of NapA as a biomarker in gastric cancer. We used enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to determine the status of H. pylori infection. Indirect ELISA method was used for detection of NapA antibody titer in the serum of H. pylori infected individuals. Unconditional logistic regressions were adopted to analyze the variables and determine the association of NapA and gastric cancer. The results of study indicated serum H. pylori NapA antibody level were associated with a reduced risk for development of gastric cancer. It may be used in conjugation with other indicators for gastric cancer detection.
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An infection-enhanced oncolytic adenovirus secreting H. pylori neutrophil-activating protein with therapeutic effects on neuroendocrine tumors. Mol Ther 2013; 21:2008-18. [PMID: 23817216 PMCID: PMC3831034 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2013.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori neutrophil-activating protein (HP-NAP) is a major virulence factor involved in H. pylori infection. HP-NAP can mediate antitumor effects by recruiting neutrophils and inducing Th1-type differentiation in the tumor microenvironment. It therefore holds strong potential as a therapeutic gene. Here, we armed a replication-selective, infection-enhanced adenovirus with secretory HP-NAP, Ad5PTDf35-[Δ24-sNAP], and evaluated its therapeutic efficacy against neuroendocrine tumors. We observed that it could specifically infect and eradicate a wide range of tumor cells lines from different origin in vitro. Insertion of secretory HP-NAP did not affect the stability or replicative capacity of the virus and infected tumor cells could efficiently secrete HP-NAP. Intratumoral administration of the virus in nude mice xenografted with neuroendocrine tumors improved median survival. Evidence of biological HP-NAP activity was observed 24 hours after treatment with neutrophil infiltration in tumors and an increase of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and MIP2-α in the systemic circulation. Furthermore, evidence of Th1-type immune polarization was observed as a result of increase in IL-12/23 p40 cytokine concentrations 72 hours postvirus administration. Our observations suggest that HP-NAP can serve as a potent immunomodulator in promoting antitumor immune response in the tumor microenvironment and enhance the therapeutic effect of oncolytic adenovirus.
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9
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Shih KS, Lin CC, Hung HF, Yang YC, Wang CA, Jeng KC, Fu HW. One-step chromatographic purification of Helicobacter pylori neutrophil-activating protein expressed in Bacillus subtilis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60786. [PMID: 23577158 PMCID: PMC3620106 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori neutrophil-activating protein (HP-NAP), a major virulence factor of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), is capable of activating human neutrophils to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and secrete inammatory mediators. HP-NAP is a vaccine candidate, a possible drug target, and a potential in vitro diagnostic marker for H. pylori infection. HP-NAP has also been shown to be a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of allergic asthma and bladder cancer. Hence, an efficient way to obtain pure HP-NAP needs to be developed. In this study, one-step anion-exchange chromatography in negative mode was applied to purify the recombinant HP-NAP expressed in Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis). This purification technique was based on the binding of host cell proteins and/or impurities other than HP-NAP to DEAE Sephadex resins. At pH 8.0, almost no other proteins except HP-NAP passed through the DEAE Sephadex column. More than 60% of the total HP-NAP with purity higher than 91% was recovered in the flow-through fraction from this single-step DEAE Sephadex chromatography. The purified recombinant HP-NAP was further demonstrated to be a multimeric protein with a secondary structure of α-helix and capable of activating human neutrophils to stimulate ROS production. Thus, this one-step negative chromatography using DEAE Sephadex resin can efficiently yield functional HP-NAP from B. subtilis in its native form with high purity. HP-NAP purified by this method could be further utilized for the development of new drugs, vaccines, and diagnostics for H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Shun Shih
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chih-Chang Lin
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hsiao-Fang Hung
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Medical Technology, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Chi Yang
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chung-An Wang
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Kee-Ching Jeng
- Departments of Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hua-Wen Fu
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Complete genome sequence of Helicobacter cinaedi strain PAGU611, isolated in a case of human bacteremia. J Bacteriol 2012; 194:3744-5. [PMID: 22740670 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00645-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the complete genome sequence of Helicobacter cinaedi strain PAGU611, isolated in a case of human bacteremia. The PAGU611 genome comprises a 2,078,348-bp chromosome and a 23,054-bp plasmid. The chromosome contains a unique genomic island, encoding a type VI secretion system and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) loci.
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Morishita K, Takeuchi H, Morimoto N, Shimamura T, Kadota Y, Tsuda M, Taniguchi T, Ukeda H, Yamamoto T, Sugiura T. Superoxide dismutase activity of Helicobacter pylori per se from 158 clinical isolates and the characteristics. Microbiol Immunol 2012; 56:262-72. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2012.00433.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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12
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Kountouras J, Zavos C, Deretzi G, Gavalas E, Chatzopoulos D, Katsinelos P, Tsiaousi E, Gagalis S, Polyzos SA, Venizelos I. Potential implications of Helicobacter pylori-related neutrophil-activating protein. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:489-90. [PMID: 22346256 PMCID: PMC3270508 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i5.489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Revised: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 08/27/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) virulence factors promote the release of various chemoattractants/inflammatory mediators, including mainly the neutrophil-attractant chemokine interleukin-8 and neutrophil-activating protein (NAP), involved in H. pylori-induced gastric pathologies. Co-administration of Chios mastic gum (CMG), which inhibits H. pylori NAP, with an H. pylori eradication regimen might add clinical benefits against H. pylori-related gastric pathologies, but possibly not CMG as main therapy. Although H. pylori NAP and other H. pylori-related cytotoxins [i.e., vaculating cytotoxin (VacA)] appear to play a major role in generating and maintaining the H. pylori-associated gastric inflammatory response and H. pylori NAP is a promising vaccine candidate against H. pylori infection (H. pylori-I), concerns regarding its potential drawbacks, particularly neurogenic ones, due to possible cross-mimicry, should be considered. Possible cross-mimicry between H. pylori NAP and/or bacterial aquaporin (AQP) and neural tissues may be associated with the anti-AQP-4 antibody-related neural damage in multiple sclerosis (MS)/neuromyelitis optica patients. Moreover, the sequence homology found between H. pylori VacA and human Na+/K+-ATPase A subunit suggests that antibodies to VacA involve ion channels in abaxonal Schwann cell plasmalemma resulting in demyelination in some patients. A series of factors have been implicated in inducing blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, including inflammatory mediators (e.g., cytokines and chemokines induced by H. pylori-I) and oxidative stress. BBB disruption permits access of AQP4-specific antibodies and T lymphocytes to the central nervous system, thereby playing a major role in multiple sclerosis pathogenesis. Relative studies show a strong association between H. pylori-I and MS. H. pylori-I induces humoral and cellular immune responses that, owing to the sharing of homologous epitopes (molecular mimicry), cross-react with components of nerves, thereby contributing and perpetuating neural tissue damage. Finally, H. pylori NAP also plays a possible pathogenetic role in both gastric and colon oncogenesis.
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