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Bright OA, Samuel DN, Adisa MA, Dorcas OO, Perez Q, Melody AA, Michael AK, Albert OS, Senu E. Clearing Properties Between Coconut Oil and Xylene in Histological Tissue Processing. J Histochem Cytochem 2024; 72:233-243. [PMID: 38553997 PMCID: PMC11020745 DOI: 10.1369/00221554241241369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Xylene is the commonest clearing agent even though it is hazardous and costly. This study evaluated the clearing properties of coconut oil as an alternative cost-effective clearing agent for histological processes. Ten (10) prostate samples fixed in formalin were taken and each one was cut into 4 before randomly separating them into four groups (A, B, C and D). Tissues were subjected to ascending grades of alcohol for dehydration. Group A was cleared in xylene and Groups B, C, and D were cleared at varying times of 1hr 30mins, 3hrs, and 4hrs in coconut oil respectively before embedding, sectioning, and staining were carried out. Gross and histological features were compared. Results indicated a significant shrinkage in coconut oil-treated specimen compared with the xylene-treated specimen and only the tissues cleared in coconut oil for 4hrs were as rigid as the tissues cleared in xylene (p > 0.05). No significant difference was found in either of the sections when checked for cellular details and staining quality (p > 0.999). Coconut oil is an efficient substitute for xylene in prostate tissues with a minimum clearing time of 4hrs, as it is environmentally friendly and less expensive, but causes significant shrinkage to prostate tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owusu Afriyie Bright
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Garden City University College, Kumasi, Ghana
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Sunyani, Ghana
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Darko Nkansah Samuel
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Musah Ayeley Adisa
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Sunyani, Ghana
| | - Owusu Ohui Dorcas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Quartey Perez
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Garden City University College, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Antwi Ama Melody
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Garden City University College, Kumasi, Ghana
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Addai Kusi Michael
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Garden City University College, Kumasi, Ghana
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Pathology Unit, HopeXchange Medical Centre, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Osei Sarpong Albert
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Garden City University College, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Ebenezer Senu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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Yang XT, Niu PQ, Li XF, Sun MM, Wei W, Chen YQ, Zheng JY. Differential cytokine expression in gastric tissues highlights helicobacter pylori's role in gastritis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7683. [PMID: 38561502 PMCID: PMC10984929 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58407-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), known for causing gastric inflammation, gastritis and gastric cancer, prompted our study to investigate the differential expression of cytokines in gastric tissues, which is crucial for understanding H. pylori infection and its potential progression to gastric cancer. Focusing on Il-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-18, and TNF-α, we analysed gene and protein levels to differentiate between H. pylori-infected and non-infected gastritis. We utilised real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) for gene quantification, immunohistochemical staining, and ELISA for protein measurement. Gastric samples from patients with gastritis were divided into three groups: (1) non-gastritis (N-group) group, (2) gastritis without H. pylori infection (G-group), and (3) gastritis with H. pylori infection (GH-group), each consisting of 8 samples. Our findings revealed a statistically significant variation in cytokine expression. Generally, cytokine levels were higher in gastritis, but in H. pylori-infected gastritis, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 levels were lower compared to H. pylori-independent gastritis, while IL-12, IL-18, and TNF-α levels were higher. This distinct cytokine expression pattern in H. pylori-infected gastritis underscores a unique inflammatory response, providing deeper insights into its pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Tang Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongming Branch, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 66 Xiangyangdong Road, Bao Town, Chongming District, Shanghai, 202157, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China.
| | - Pei-Qin Niu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongming Branch, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 66 Xiangyangdong Road, Bao Town, Chongming District, Shanghai, 202157, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao-Feng Li
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Ming Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Qing Chen
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Yi Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China
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Deng L, Chen C, Yu W, Shao C, Shen Z, Wang Y, He C, Li H, Liu Z, He H, Ma H. Influence of hematoxylin and eosin staining on linear birefringence measurement of fibrous tissue structures in polarization microscopy. J Biomed Opt 2023; 28:102909. [PMID: 37786544 PMCID: PMC10541683 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.28.10.102909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Significance For microscopic polarization imaging of tissue slices, two types of samples are often prepared: one unstained tissue section for polarization imaging to avoid possible influence from staining dyes quantitatively and one hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) stained adjacent tissue section for histological diagnosis and structural feature identification. However, this sample preparation strategy requires high-quality adjacent tissue sections, and labeling the structural features on unstained tissue sections is impossible. With the fast development of data driven-based polarimetric analysis, which requires a large amount of pixel labeled images, a possible method is to directly use H&E stained slices, which are standard samples archived in clinical hospitals for polarization measurement. Aim We aim to study the influence of hematoxylin and eosin staining on the linear birefringence measurement of fibrous tissue structures. Approach We examine the linear birefringence properties of four pieces of adjacent bone tissue slices with abundant collagen fibers that are unstained, H&E stained, hematoxylin (H) stained, and eosin (E) stained. After obtaining the spatial maps of linear retardance values for the four tissue samples, we carry out a comparative study using a frequency distribution histogram and similarity analysis based on the Bhattacharyya coefficient to investigate how H&E staining affects the linear birefringence measurement of bone tissues. Results Linear retardance increased after H&E, H, or E staining (41.7%, 40.8%, and 72.5% increase, respectively). However, there is no significant change in the imaging contrast of linear retardance in bone tissues. Conclusions The linear retardance values induced by birefringent collagen fibers can be enhanced after H&E, H, or E staining. However, the structural imaging contrasts based on linear retardance did not change significantly or the staining did not generate linear birefringence on the sample area without collagen. Therefore, it can be acceptable to prepare H&E stained slices for clinical applications of polarimetry based on such a mapping relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangyu Deng
- Tsinghua University, Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Guangdong Research Center of Polarization Imaging and Measurement Engineering Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Minimal Invasive Medical Technologies, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chunyan Chen
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, Department of Pathology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenxi Yu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, Department of Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Conghui Shao
- Tsinghua University, Department of Physics, Beijing, China
| | - Zan Shen
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, Department of Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, Department of Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao He
- University of Oxford, Department of Engineering Science, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hongtao Li
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, Department of Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyan Liu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, Department of Pathology, Shanghai, China
| | - Honghui He
- Tsinghua University, Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Guangdong Research Center of Polarization Imaging and Measurement Engineering Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Minimal Invasive Medical Technologies, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui Ma
- Tsinghua University, Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Guangdong Research Center of Polarization Imaging and Measurement Engineering Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Minimal Invasive Medical Technologies, Shenzhen, China
- Tsinghua University, Department of Physics, Beijing, China
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Praetorius JP, Walluks K, Svensson CM, Arnold D, Figge MT. IMFSegNet: Cost-effective and objective quantification of intramuscular fat in histological sections by deep learning. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:3696-3704. [PMID: 37560127 PMCID: PMC10407270 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The assessment of muscle condition is of great importance in various research areas. In particular, evaluating the degree of intramuscular fat (IMF) in tissue sections is a challenging task, which today is still mostly performed qualitatively or quantitatively by a highly subjective and error-prone manual analysis. We here realize the mission to make automated IMF analysis possible that (i) minimizes subjectivity, (ii) provides accurate and quantitative results quickly, and (iii) is cost-effective using standard hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained tissue sections. To address all these needs in a deep learning approach, we utilized the convolutional encoder-decoder network SegNet to train the specialized network IMFSegNet allowing to accurately quantify the spatial distribution of IMF in histological sections. Our fully automated analysis was validated on 17 H&E-stained muscle sections from individual sheep and compared to various state-of-the-art approaches. Not only does IMFSegNet outperform all other approaches, but this neural network also provides fully automated and highly accurate results utilizing the most cost-effective procedures of sample preparation and imaging. Furthermore, we shed light on the opacity of black-box approaches such as neural networks by applying an explainable artificial intelligence technique to clarify that the success of IMFSegNet actually lies in identifying the hard-to-detect IMF structures. Embedded in our open-source visual programming language JIPipe that does not require programming skills, it can be expected that IMFSegNet advances muscle condition assessment in basic research across multiple areas as well as in research fields focusing on translational clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Philipp Praetorius
- Applied Systems Biology, Leibniz institute for natural Product Research and infection Biology – Hans Knöll institute (HKI), Jena, Germany
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Kassandra Walluks
- Applied Systems Biology, Leibniz institute for natural Product Research and infection Biology – Hans Knöll institute (HKI), Jena, Germany
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Zoology and Evolutionary Research, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Carl-Magnus Svensson
- Applied Systems Biology, Leibniz institute for natural Product Research and infection Biology – Hans Knöll institute (HKI), Jena, Germany
| | - Dirk Arnold
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Facial-Nerve-Center Jena, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Marc Thilo Figge
- Applied Systems Biology, Leibniz institute for natural Product Research and infection Biology – Hans Knöll institute (HKI), Jena, Germany
- Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
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Khan U, Koivukoski S, Valkonen M, Latonen L, Ruusuvuori P. The effect of neural network architecture on virtual H&E staining: Systematic assessment of histological feasibility. Patterns (N Y) 2023; 4:100725. [PMID: 37223268 PMCID: PMC10201298 DOI: 10.1016/j.patter.2023.100725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Conventional histopathology has relied on chemical staining for over a century. The staining process makes tissue sections visible to the human eye through a tedious and labor-intensive procedure that alters the tissue irreversibly, preventing repeated use of the sample. Deep learning-based virtual staining can potentially alleviate these shortcomings. Here, we used standard brightfield microscopy on unstained tissue sections and studied the impact of increased network capacity on the resulting virtually stained H&E images. Using the generative adversarial neural network model pix2pix as a baseline, we observed that replacing simple convolutions with dense convolution units increased the structural similarity score, peak signal-to-noise ratio, and nuclei reproduction accuracy. We also demonstrated highly accurate reproduction of histology, especially with increased network capacity, and demonstrated applicability to several tissues. We show that network architecture optimization can improve the image translation accuracy of virtual H&E staining, highlighting the potential of virtual staining in streamlining histopathological analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umair Khan
- University of Turku, Institute of Biomedicine, Turku 20014, Finland
| | - Sonja Koivukoski
- University of Eastern Finland, Institute of Biomedicine, Kuopio 70211, Finland
| | - Mira Valkonen
- Tampere University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere 33100, Finland
| | - Leena Latonen
- University of Eastern Finland, Institute of Biomedicine, Kuopio 70211, Finland
- Foundation for the Finnish Cancer Institute, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Pekka Ruusuvuori
- University of Turku, Institute of Biomedicine, Turku 20014, Finland
- Tampere University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere 33100, Finland
- FICAN West Cancer Centre, Cancer Research Unit, Turku University Hospital, Turku 20500, Finland
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6
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Hattori H, Sakashita S, Tsuboi M, Ishii G, Tanaka T. Tumor-identification method for predicting recurrence of early-stage lung adenocarcinoma using digital pathology images by machine learning. J Pathol Inform 2022; 14:100175. [PMID: 36704363 PMCID: PMC9871322 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpi.2022.100175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the cancers with the highest morbidity and mortality in the world. Recurrence often occurs even after complete resection of early-stage lung cancer, and prediction of recurrence after resection is clinically important. However, the pathological characteristics of the recurrence of pathological stage IB lung adenocarcinoma (LAIB) have not yet been elucidated. Therefore, the problem is what type of histological image of lung adenocarcinoma recurs, and it is important to examine the histological image of recurrence. We attempted to predict recurrence of early lung adenocarcinoma after resection on the basis of digital pathological images of hematoxylin and eosin-stained specimens and machine learning applying a convolutional neural network. We constructed a model that extracts the features of two-color spaces and a switching model that automatically switches between our extraction model and one that extracts the features of one-color space for each image. We then developed a tumor-identification method for predicting the presence or absence of LAIB recurrence using these models. We conducted an experiment involving 55 patients with LAIB who underwent surgical resection to evaluate the proposed method. The proposed method determined LAIB recurrence with an accuracy of 84.8%. The use of digital pathology and machine learning can be used for highly accurate prediction of LAIB recurrence after surgical resection. The proposed method has the potential for objective postoperative follow-up observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideharu Hattori
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
- Research & Development Group, Hitachi, Ltd., 1-280 Higashi-koigakubo, Kokubunji-shi, Tokyo 185-8601, Japan
- Corresponding author.
| | - Shingo Sakashita
- Division of Pathology, National Cancer Center, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tsuboi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Genichiro Ishii
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Tanaka
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
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Shi H, Li T, Liu Z, Zhao J, Qi F. Early detection of gastric cancer via high-resolution terahertz imaging system. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1052069. [PMID: 36588946 PMCID: PMC9794757 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1052069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Terahertz (THz) wave has demonstrated a good prospect in recent years, but the resolution is still one of the problems that restrict the application of THz technology in medical imaging. Paraffin-embedded samples are mostly used in THz medical imaging studies, which are thicker and significantly different from the current gold standard slice pathological examination in sample preparation. In addition, THz absorption in different layers of normal and cancerous tissues also remains to be further explored. In this study, we constructed a high-resolution THz imaging system to scan non-tumorous adjacent tissue slices and gastric cancer (GC) tissue slices. In this system, a THz quantum cascade laser emitted a pulsed 3 THz signal and the transmitted THz wave was received by a THz detector implemented in a 65 nm CMOS process. The slice thickness was only 20 μm, which was close to that of the medical pathology examination. We successfully found THz transmittance differences between different layers of normal gastric tissues based on THz images, and the resolution could reach 60 μm for the first time. The results indicated that submucosa had a lower THz transmittance than that of mucosa and muscular layer in non-tumorous adjacent tissue. However, in GC tissue, THz transmittance of mucosa and submucosa was similar, caused by the decreased transmittance of mucosa, where the cancer occurs. Therefore, we suppose that the similar terahertz transmittance between gastric mucosa and submucosa may indicate the appearance of cancerization. The images obtained from our THz imaging system were clearer than those observed with naked eyes, and can be directly compared with microscopic images. This is the first application of THz imaging technology to identify non-tumorous adjacent tissue and GC tissue based on the difference in THz wave absorption between different layers in the tissue. Our present work not only demonstrated the potential of THz imaging to promote early diagnosis of GC, but also suggested a new direction for the identification of normal and cancerous tissues by analyzing differences in THz transmittance between different layers of tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Shi
- Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China,Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China
| | - Tenghui Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhaoyang Liu
- Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China,Key Laboratory of Terahertz Imaging and Sensing, Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Junhua Zhao
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China,*Correspondence: Feng Qi, ; Junhua Zhao,
| | - Feng Qi
- Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China,Key Laboratory of Terahertz Imaging and Sensing, Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China,*Correspondence: Feng Qi, ; Junhua Zhao,
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Firdaus Z, Kumar D, Singh SK, Singh TD. Centella asiatica Alleviates AlCl 3-induced Cognitive Impairment, Oxidative Stress, and Neurodegeneration by Modulating Cholinergic Activity and Oxidative Burden in Rat Brain. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:5115-5126. [PMID: 34984596 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-03083-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) is linked to the development of many neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease, and autism. Centella asiatica (CA) is a regenerating herb traditionally used to stimulate memory. This study was designed to assess the neuroprotective role of ethanolic extract of CA (CAE) in AlCl3-induced neurological conditions in rats. Adult rats were chronically treated with AlCl3 (100 mg/kg b.w./day) for 60 days to establish the dementia model, and co-administration of CAE was evaluated for its ability to attenuate the toxic effect of AlCl3. CAE was given orally at a dose of 150 and 300 mg/kg b.w./day, for 60 days. The behavioral performances of rats were tested through Y-maze and open field tests. Lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activity were evaluated to measure oxidative stress; and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was assessed to evaluate cholinergic dysfunction in the rat brain. H&E staining was used to assess structural abnormalities in the cortex and hippocampus. The result showed that AlCl3 induces cognitive dysfunction (impaired learning and memory, anxiety, diminished locomotor activity), oxidative stress, cholinergic impairment, and histopathological alteration in the rat brain. Co-administration of CAE with AlCl3 markedly protects the brain from AlCl3-induced cognitive dysfunction, oxidative stress, AChE activity, and cytoarchitectural alterations. Furthermore, 15 days CAE treatment after 45 days AlCl3 administration markedly ameliorates the AlCl3-induced neurotoxicity indicating its potential for therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeba Firdaus
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Devendra Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, BHU, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Sushil Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, BHU, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Tryambak Deo Singh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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9
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Gong R, Wang L, Wang J, Ge B, Yu H, Shi J. Self-Distilled Supervised Contrastive Learning for diagnosis of breast cancers with histopathological images. Comput Biol Med 2022; 146:105641. [PMID: 35617728 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Convolutional neural networks (CNN) and its variants have been widely used for developing the histopathological image based computer-aided diagnosis (CAD). However, the annotated data are scarce in clinical practice, and limited training samples generally cannot well train the CNN model, resulting in degraded predictive performance. To this end, we propose a novel Self-Distilled Supervised Contrastive Learning (SDSCL) algorithm to improve the diagnostic performance of a CNN-based CAD for breast cancer. In particular, the original histopathological images are first decomposed into H and E stain views, which are served as the augmented sample pairs in the supervised contrastive learning (SCL). Due to the complementary characteristic of the two stain views, this data-driven SCL guide the CNN model to efficiently learn the discriminative features, alleviating the problem of small sample size. Furthermore, self-distillation is embedded into the SCL framework, in which the CNN model jointly distills itself and conducts SCL to further improve feature representation. The proposed SDSCL is evaluated on two public breast histopathological datasets, which outperforms all the compared algorithms. Its average classification accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 scores are 94.28%, 94.64%, 94.58%, 94.34%, respectively, on Bioimaging dataset, and 80.44%, 81.92%, 80.57%, 80.10% on Databiox dataset. The experimental results on two datasets indicate that SDSCL has the potential for the histopathological image based CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronglin Gong
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access Networks, Joint International Research Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Advanced Communication, School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, China; Shanghai Institute for Advanced Communication and Data Science, Shanghai University, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access Networks, Joint International Research Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Advanced Communication, School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, China; Shanghai Institute for Advanced Communication and Data Science, Shanghai University, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access Networks, Joint International Research Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Advanced Communication, School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, China; Shanghai Institute for Advanced Communication and Data Science, Shanghai University, China
| | - Binjie Ge
- College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hang Yu
- College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun Shi
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access Networks, Joint International Research Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Advanced Communication, School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, China; Shanghai Institute for Advanced Communication and Data Science, Shanghai University, China.
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Rahman J, Panda S, Panigrahi S, Mohanty N, Swarnkar T, Mishra U. Perspective of nuclear fractal dimension in diagnosis and prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2022; 26:127. [PMID: 35571291 PMCID: PMC9106250 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_470_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Owing to the restricted predictive value of conventional prognostic factors and the inconsistent treatment strategies, several oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients are still over-treated or under-treated. In recent years, computer-assisted nuclear fractal dimension (nFD) has emerged as an objective approach to predict the outcome of OSCC. Objective: This study is an attempt to find out the differences in nFD values of epithelial cells of normal tissue, fibroepithelial hyperplasia, verrucous carcinoma, and OSCC. Further effort to evaluate the predictive potential of nFD of tumor cells for cervical lymph node metastasis (cLNM) was also assessed. Methodology: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded blocks of OSCC tissues of patients treated with neck dissection were collected. Photomicrographs of H-&E-stained sections were subjected to the image analysis by ImageJ and Python programming to calculate nFD. The association of categorical variables with nFD was studied using cross-tabulation procedure and the Fisher exact test. Receiver operating curve analysis was performed to find out cutoff value of nFD. A logistic regression model was developed to test the individual and combined predictive potential of grading and nFD for cLNM. Results: A significant difference between the mean nFD of healthy cells and malignant epithelial cells was observed (P = 0.01). nFD was not found to be an independent predictor of cLNM, although nFD and grading together demonstrated significant predictive potential (P = 0.004). Conclusion: nFD combined with grading can predict lymph node metastasis in OSCC. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of its kind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juber Rahman
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Swagatika Panda
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Santisudha Panigrahi
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Institute of Technical Education and Research, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Neeta Mohanty
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Tripti Swarnkar
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Institute of Technical Education and Research, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Umashankar Mishra
- Department of Management, School of Commerce and Management, Central university of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
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Beuque M, Martin-Lorenzo M, Balluff B, Woodruff HC, Lucas M, de Bruin DM, van Timmeren JE, Boer OJD, Heeren RM, Meijer SL, Lambin P. Machine learning for grading and prognosis of esophageal dysplasia using mass spectrometry and histological imaging. Comput Biol Med 2021; 138:104918. [PMID: 34638018 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a precursor lesion of esophageal adenocarcinoma and may progress from non-dysplastic through low-grade dysplasia (LGD) to high-grade dysplasia (HGD) and cancer. Grading BE is of crucial prognostic value and is currently based on the subjective evaluation of biopsies. This study aims to investigate the potential of machine learning (ML) using spatially resolved molecular data from mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) and histological data from microscopic hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained imaging for computer-aided diagnosis and prognosis of BE. METHODS Biopsies from 57 patients were considered, divided into non-dysplastic (n = 15), LGD non-progressive (n = 14), LGD progressive (n = 14), and HGD (n = 14). MSI experiments were conducted at 50 × 50 μm spatial resolution per pixel corresponding to a tile size of 96x96 pixels in the co-registered H&E images, making a total of 144,823 tiles for the whole dataset. RESULTS ML models were trained to distinguish epithelial tissue from stroma with area-under-the-curve (AUC) values of 0.89 (MSI) and 0.95 (H&E)) and dysplastic grade (AUC of 0.97 (MSI) and 0.85 (H&E)) on a tile level, and low-grade progressors from non-progressors on a patient level (accuracies of 0.72 (MSI) and 0.48 (H&E)). CONCLUSIONS In summary, while the H&E-based classifier was best at distinguishing tissue types, the MSI-based model was more accurate at distinguishing dysplastic grades and patients at progression risk, which demonstrates the complementarity of both approaches. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD028949.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Beuque
- Department of Precision Medicine, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Marta Martin-Lorenzo
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I), Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht, Maastricht University, the Netherlands; Department of Immunology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, Avda. Reyes Católicos, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Benjamin Balluff
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I), Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - Henry C Woodruff
- Department of Precision Medicine, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marit Lucas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & Physics, Amsterdam UMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Daniel M de Bruin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & Physics, Amsterdam UMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Janita E van Timmeren
- Department of Precision Medicine, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8006, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Onno J de Boer
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ron Ma Heeren
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I), Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - Sybren L Meijer
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Philippe Lambin
- Department of Precision Medicine, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Zhang T, Dai J, Xu Y, Yu L, Wang X. Liquid Phase Concentrated Growth Factor Improves Autologous Fat Graft Survival In Vivo in Nude Mice. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2021; 45:2417-2422. [PMID: 34075462 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-021-02336-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to explore the efficacy and safety profile of liquid phase concentrated growth factor (LPCGF) in promoting autologous fat graft survival. METHODS LPCGF/PRP was mixed with human fat tissues at different proportions and transplanted into nude mice. Three months after transplantation, the implanted fat tissues were retrieved for analysis. H&E staining was used to quantify the neovascularization. Immunohistochemical staining was applied to quantify the CD34-positive stem cells and the fluorescence intensity of VEGF and TGF-β. RESULTS Addition of LPCGF to autologous fat reduced the fat absorption by 5-15%, especially at the early stage, and no complications were observed. In addition, the effect was improved with increased CGF. Liquid phase concentrated growth factor improves autologous fat graft survival, and the most suitable ratio of LPCGF/fat is 1:8. CONCLUSION LPCGF is rich in VEGF, TGF-β and CD34-positive stem cells, which can improve the fat transplantation effect, but the specific influence of a single component requires future evaluation. NO LEVEL ASSIGNED This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Komatsu A, Matsumoto K, Yoshimatsu Y, Sin Y, Kubota A, Saito T, Mizumoto A, Ohashi S, Muto M, Noguchi R, Kondo T, Tamanoi F. The CAM Model for CIC-DUX4 Sarcoma and Its Potential Use for Precision Medicine. Cells 2021; 10:2613. [PMID: 34685592 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: CIC-DUX4 sarcoma is a rare mesenchymal small round cell tumor which belongs to rare cancers that occupy a significant percentage of cancer cases as a whole, despite each being rare. Importantly, each rare cancer type has different features, and thus there is a need to develop a model that mimics the features of each of these cancers. We evaluated the idea that the chicken chorioallantoic membrane assay (CAM), a convenient and versatile animal model, can be established for the CIC-DUX4 sarcoma. (2) Methods: Patient-derived cell lines of CIC-DUX4 were applied. These cells were transplanted onto the CAM membrane and tumor formation was examined by H&E staining, immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. The CAM tumor was transferred onto a fresh CAM and was also used to form organoids. Retention of the fusion gene was examined. (3) Results: H&E staining as well as molecular characterization demonstrated the formation of the CIC-DUX4 tumor on the CAM membrane. Expression of cyclin D2 and ETV4 was identified. The CAM tumor was transferred to a fresh CAM to form the second-generation CAM tumor. In addition, we were successful in forming tumor organoids using the CAM tumor. Retention of the fusion gene CIC-DUX4 in the CAM, second-generation CAM, and in the CAM-derived organoids was confirmed by RT-PCR. (4) Conclusions: The CAM assay provides a promising model for CIC-DUX4 sarcoma.
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Murakami T, Komiyama T, Matsumoto S, Kajiwara H, Kobayashi H, Ikari Y. Examination of gender differences in patients with takotsubo syndrome according to left ventricular biopsy: two case reports. J Med Case Rep 2021; 15:281. [PMID: 34016184 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-021-02856-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Takotsubo syndrome is a stress-induced disease that makes up 23% of acute coronary syndrome cases. However, its onset mechanism remains unclear. Although females are overwhelmingly affected, males end up having more cardiac complications. Case presentation We examined the differences in stress responses in the myocardium between sexes in patients with takotsubo syndrome. We biopsied samples from an over 70-year-old Japanese male and an over 80-year-old Japanese female. Tissues from the left ventricle apex in the acute phase and the apical ballooning-type were examined using histopathology and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) microarray analysis. Our data showed that left ventricular ejection fractions were 38% and 56%, and peak creatinine kinase concentrations during hospitalization were 629U/L and 361U/L, for the male and female patient, respectively. The pulmonary capillary wedge pressure was 26mmHg and 11mmHg for the male and female patient, respectively. Negative T did not return to normal in the male subject after 6months. Histopathology results indicated that contraction band necrosis and lymphocyte infiltration were more common in the male subject. Conclusions We noticed that possible differences may exist between male and female patients using pathological examination and some DNA analyses. In particular, it may help treat acute severity in males. We will elucidate the mechanism of takotsubo syndrome development by increasing the number of samples to support the reliability of the data in the future. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13256-021-02856-9.
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Wei H, Zhao Z, Lin Q, Duan Y. Study on the Molecular Mechanisms Against Human Breast Cancer from Insight of Elemental Distribution in Tissue Based on Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS). Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:1686-1692. [PMID: 32770328 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02292-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The role of elements in physiological and pathological metabolic processes remains an unmet challenge in biomedical research and clinical applications. Herein, a visual elemental imaging of tumor tissue platform of a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was developed to initially understand anti-tumor mechanisms. The relative enrichment degree and heterogeneous spatial distributions of four elements (calcium, sodium, copper, and magnesium) of tumor tissue from different treated could be easy to visualize. In particular, significant differences in the distribution of elements were observed in tumor tissue from drug-loading complex (hydrogel/DOX) treatment group. Correspondingly, the analysis of histopathological morphology showed that the morphology and density of tumor tissue in hydrogel/DOX treatment group changed obviously by using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining assay, meanwhile cleaved caspase-3 (caspase-3) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) were expressed at high levels tumors tissue in hydrogel/DOX treatment group by using immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. These results would endow different biological elements with incredible potential to study the mechanisms of anti-tumor, which opens new direction and perspectives for the multi-elemental mapping of biological tissues, especially in clinic application. The integrated platform of DNA nanohydrogel drug carrier-based anti-tumor treatment combined with LIBS elemental imaging, via tail intravenous injection of saline, hydrogel, DOX, and hydrogel/DOX in breast cancer xenograft tumor mice. (A) The workflow is outlined starting from nanohydrogel drug carrier-based anti-tumor treatment. (B) Schematic diagram of LIBS imaging platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Wei
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Zhao
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyu Lin
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yixiang Duan
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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Mahbod A, Schaefer G, Bancher B, Löw C, Dorffner G, Ecker R, Ellinger I. CryoNuSeg: A dataset for nuclei instance segmentation of cryosectioned H&E-stained histological images. Comput Biol Med 2021; 132:104349. [PMID: 33774269 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Nuclei instance segmentation plays an important role in the analysis of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained images. While supervised deep learning (DL)-based approaches represent the state-of-the-art in automatic nuclei instance segmentation, annotated datasets are required to train these models. There are two main types of tissue processing protocols resulting in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples (FFPE) and frozen tissue samples (FS), respectively. Although FFPE-derived H&E stained tissue sections are the most widely used samples, H&E staining of frozen sections derived from FS samples is a relevant method in intra-operative surgical sessions as it can be performed more rapidly. Due to differences in the preparation of these two types of samples, the derived images and in particular the nuclei appearance may be different in the acquired whole slide images. Analysis of FS-derived H&E stained images can be more challenging as rapid preparation, staining, and scanning of FS sections may lead to deterioration in image quality. In this paper, we introduce CryoNuSeg, the first fully annotated FS-derived cryosectioned and H&E-stained nuclei instance segmentation dataset. The dataset contains images from 10 human organs that were not exploited in other publicly available datasets, and is provided with three manual mark-ups to allow measuring intra-observer and inter-observer variabilities. Moreover, we investigate the effects of tissue fixation/embedding protocol (i.e., FS or FFPE) on the automatic nuclei instance segmentation performance and provide a baseline segmentation benchmark for the dataset that can be used in future research. A step-by-step guide to generate the dataset as well as the full dataset and other detailed information are made available to fellow researchers at https://github.com/masih4/CryoNuSeg.
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Salvi M, Michielli N, Molinari F. Stain Color Adaptive Normalization (SCAN) algorithm: Separation and standardization of histological stains in digital pathology. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 2020; 193:105506. [PMID: 32353672 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2020.105506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The diagnosis of histopathological images is based on the visual analysis of tissue slices under a light microscope. However, the histological tissue appearance may assume different color intensities depending on the staining process, operator ability and scanner specifications. This stain variability affects the diagnosis of the pathologist and decreases the accuracy of computer-aided diagnosis systems. In this context, the stain normalization process has proved to be a powerful tool to cope with this issue, allowing to standardize the stain color appearance of a source image respect to a reference image. METHODS In this paper, novel fully automated stain separation and normalization approaches for hematoxylin and eosin stained histological slides are presented. The proposed algorithm, named SCAN (Stain Color Adaptive Normalization), is based on segmentation and clustering strategies for cellular structures detection. The SCAN algorithm is able to improve the contrast between histological tissue and background and preserve local structures without changing the color of the lumen and the background. RESULTS Both stain separation and normalization techniques were qualitatively and quantitively validated on a multi-tissue and multiscale dataset, with highly satisfactory results, outperforming the state-of-the-art approaches. SCAN was also tested on whole-slide images with high performances and low computational times. CONCLUSIONS The potential contribution of the proposed standardization approach is twofold: the improvement of visual diagnosis in digital histopathology and the development of powerful pre-processing strategies to automated classification techniques for cancer detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Salvi
- Politecnico di Torino, PoliToBIOMed Lab, Biolab, Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Turin, Italy.
| | - Nicola Michielli
- Politecnico di Torino, PoliToBIOMed Lab, Biolab, Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Turin, Italy
| | - Filippo Molinari
- Politecnico di Torino, PoliToBIOMed Lab, Biolab, Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Turin, Italy
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Amtul Z, Najdat AN, Hill DJ, Arany EJ. Differential temporal and spatial post-injury alterations in cerebral cell morphology and viability. J Comp Neurol 2020; 529:421-433. [PMID: 32447764 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Combination of ischemia and β-amyloid (Aβ) toxicity has been shown to simultaneously increase neuro-inflammation, endogenous Aβ deposition, and neurodegeneration. However, studies on the evolution of infarct and panorama of cellular degeneration as a synergistic or overlapping mechanism between ischemia and Aβ toxicity are lacking. Here, we compared fluorojade B (FJB) and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stains primarily to examine the chronology of infarct, and the viability and morphological changes in neuroglia and neurons located in different brain regions on d1, d7, and d28 post Aβ toxicity and endothelin-1 induced ischemia (ET1) in rats. We demonstrated a regional difference in cellular degeneration between cortex, corpus callosum, striatum, globus pallidus, and thalamus after cerebral injury. Glial cells in the cortex and corpus callosum underwent delayed FJB staining from d7 to d28, but neurons in cortex disappeared within the first week of cerebral injury. Striatal lesion core and globus pallidus of Aβ + ET1 rats showed extensive degeneration of neuronal cells compared with ET1 rats alone starting from d1. Differential and exacerbated expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 might be the cause of excessive neuronal demise in the striatum of Aβ + ET1 rats. Such an investigation may improve our understanding to identify and manipulate a critical therapeutic window post comorbid injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zareen Amtul
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Abdullah N Najdat
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - David J Hill
- Departments of Medicine, Physiology, and Pharmacology, and Pediatrics, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.,Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Edith J Arany
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
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Berus T, Markiewicz A, Biecek P, Orłowska-Heitzman J, Hałoń A, Romanowska-Dixon B, Donizy P. Clinical Significance of Nucleoli Cytomorphology Assessment in Patients With Uveal Melanoma. Anticancer Res 2020; 40:3505-3512. [PMID: 32487651 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.14338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the prognostic significance of nucleolar morphological parameters in a large cohort of patients with uveal melanoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS The presence, size and number of nucleoli of cancer cells were assessed in haematoxylin and eosin (HE)-stained slides of 164 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded primary uveal melanoma tissue specimens. The results were correlated with clinicopathological features and patient survival. RESULTS The presence of macronucleoli and multiple nucleoli significantly correlated with the epithelioid type of uveal melanoma, high mitotic rate, and marked pleomorphism. There was a positive correlation between the presence of macronucleoli as well as the number of nucleoli and the largest tumour basal diameter. The increased nucleolus count in tumour cells positively correlated with primary tumour (pT) staging. The presence of both prominent and multiple nucleoli was associated with significantly reduced overall and disease-free survival. CONCLUSION Histological assessment of nucleolar morphology in routine HE staining would be a helpful low-cost method to obtain reliable prognostic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Berus
- Department of Ophthalmology, 4th Military Clinical Hospital with Polyclinic, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Markiewicz
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ocular Oncology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Przemysław Biecek
- Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics, and Mechanics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Agnieszka Hałoń
- Department of Pathomorphology and Oncological Cytology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Bożena Romanowska-Dixon
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ocular Oncology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Piotr Donizy
- Department of Pathomorphology and Oncological Cytology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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Khan HU, Aamir K, Sisinthy SP, Nagojappa NBS, Arya A. Food additive "lauric acid" possess non-toxic profile on biochemical, haematological and histopathological studies in female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8805. [PMID: 32266118 PMCID: PMC7120040 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lauric acid (LA), a common constituent of coconut oil, is used as food additives and supplements in various formulations. Despite various potential pharmacological properties, no scientific evidence on its dose-related toxicity and safety is available till date. Objective The current study was conducted to evaluate acute oral toxicity of LA on normal rats. Methods The study was conducted in accordance with the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development guidelines (OECD 423) with slight modifications. LA was administered orally to female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats (n = 6/group) at a single dose of 300 and 2,000 mg/kg body weight, respectively, while normal control received vehicle only. Animals from all the three groups were monitored for any behavioural and toxicological changes and mortality for two weeks. Food and fluid consumption, body weight was monitored on daily basis. At the end (on day 15th) of the experimental period, blood was collected for haematological and biochemical analysis. Further, all the animals were euthanized, and internal organs were harvested for histopathological investigation using four different stainings; haematoxylin and eosin, Masson trichrome, Periodic Acid Schiff and Picro Sirius Red for gross pathology through microscopical observation. Results The study results showed no LA treatment-related mortality and morbidity at two different dosages. Daily food and water consumption, body weight, relative organ weight, haematological, and biochemical analysis were observed to be normal with no severe alterations to the internal tissues. Conclusion The current finding suggests that single oral administration of LA, even up to 2,000 mg/kg body weight, did not exhibit any signs of toxicity in SD rats; thus, it was safe to be used on disease models in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidayat Ullah Khan
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Khurram Aamir
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sreenivas Patro Sisinthy
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Aditya Arya
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Parkville VIC, Australia.,Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals, (IPHARM), Bukit Gelugor Pulau, Pinang, Malaysia
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Chapman CM. Troubleshooting in the histology laboratory. J Histotechnol 2019; 42:137-149. [PMID: 31379299 DOI: 10.1080/01478885.2019.1640923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Humans and machines both have an inherent error rate. As long as this is true, sub-optimal events will occur in the histology laboratory. The best approach to troubleshooting and remedying these events is to (1) understand the various theories of action behind histology procedures and stains then (2) apply a problem-solving mentality to develop a corrective action. These theories and problem solving strategies are presented in this review article.
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Chaubey KK, Gangwar N, Pawaiya RS, Jatav GP, Sohal JS, Singh SV, Singh M, Gupta S, Kumaresan G, Kumar N, Jayaraman S. Evaluation of newly developed 'six recombinant secretary proteins based 'cocktail ELISA' and 'whole cell lysate' based 'indigenous ELISA' and tissue microscopy' with 'Gold standard' histo-pathology for the diagnosis of Johne's disease in slaughtered goats and buffaloes. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 66:101338. [PMID: 31437683 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2019.101338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Three screening tests {(newly developed, six recombinant secretory proteins based 'cocktail ELISA', in-house robust 'indigenous ELISA' based on semi-purified protoplasmic antigens and tissue microscopy were evaluated with 'Gold standard', histo-pathology for the diagnosis of Johne's disease in goats and buffaloes. Serum and tissues {mesenteric lymph nodes and intestines) were driven from farmer's goats (n = 77) and buffaloes (n = 40) slaughtered for harvesting meat and farm goats (n = 77), died and necropsied. Twenty seven (35%) goats and 23 (57.5%) buffaloes were positive in all the four tests. Of 134 tissues screened by histo-pathology, 79.8% MLN and 76.8%, intestines, were positive for MAP infection. In tissue microscopy, 55.2 and 52.3%, goats and buffaloes were positive, respectively. Of 117 sera screened by i_ELISA, 58.4 and 70.0%, goats and buffaloes were positive, respectively. Whereas, c_ELISA detected 55.8 and 62.5%, goats and buffaloes, positives, respectively. Twelve tissues (70.5%) of goats necropsied were positive, both in tissue microscopy and histo-pathology. Most significant gross findings were serous atrophy of the fat and mild to moderate, diffuse thickening of terminal ileum, especially at ileo-caecal junction with or without transverse / longitudinal corrugations. In histo-pathology grade III and IV lesions were significantly low as compared to grade I and II. Of the four tests used for screening 268 samples, histo-pathology was most sensitive (78.3%), followed by i_ELISA (62.3%), c_ELISA (58.9%) and tissue microscopy (58.9%). Between two ELISA tests, c_ELISA using six recombinants secretory proteins, had higher specificity as compared to i_ELISA.
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23
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Abstract
The lung is ideally suited to the application of histological methods to study its structure, cellular composition, and molecular characteristics of more than 30 types of cells. The key in these endeavors are proper tissue preservation/fixation, well-established protocols aimed at sectioning and staining, and understanding of lung morphology. Molecular studies can be performed in laser-captured cells and microscopic structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Gandjeva
- Program in Translational Lung Research, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Rubin M Tuder
- Program in Translational Lung Research, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
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24
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Aksac A, Demetrick DJ, Ozyer T, Alhajj R. BreCaHAD: a dataset for breast cancer histopathological annotation and diagnosis. BMC Res Notes 2019; 12:82. [PMID: 30755250 PMCID: PMC6373078 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4121-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Histopathological tissue analysis by a pathologist determines the diagnosis and prognosis of most tumors, such as breast cancer. To estimate the aggressiveness of cancer, a pathologist evaluates the microscopic appearance of a biopsied tissue sample based on morphological features which have been correlated with patient outcome. DATA DESCRIPTION This paper introduces a dataset of 162 breast cancer histopathology images, namely the breast cancer histopathological annotation and diagnosis dataset (BreCaHAD) which allows researchers to optimize and evaluate the usefulness of their proposed methods. The dataset includes various malignant cases. The task associated with this dataset is to automatically classify histological structures in these hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained images into six classes, namely mitosis, apoptosis, tumor nuclei, non-tumor nuclei, tubule, and non-tubule. By providing this dataset to the biomedical imaging community, we hope to encourage researchers in computer vision, machine learning and medical fields to contribute and develop methods/tools for automatic detection and diagnosis of cancerous regions in breast cancer histology images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alper Aksac
- Department of Computer Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Douglas J. Demetrick
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary and Calgary Laboratory Services, Calgary, AB T2L 2K8 Canada
| | - Tansel Ozyer
- Department of Computer Science, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara, 06510 Turkey
| | - Reda Alhajj
- Department of Computer Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 Canada
- Department of Computer Engineering, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
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25
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Xie W, Chen Y, Wang Y, Wei L, Yin C, Glaser AK, Fauver ME, Seibel EJ, Dintzis SM, Vaughan JC, Reder NP, Liu JTC. Microscopy with ultraviolet surface excitation for wide-area pathology of breast surgical margins. J Biomed Opt 2019; 24:1-11. [PMID: 30737911 PMCID: PMC6368047 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.24.2.026501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Intraoperative assessment of breast surgical margins will be of value for reducing the rate of re-excision surgeries for lumpectomy patients. While frozen-section histology is used for intraoperative guidance of certain cancers, it provides limited sampling of the margin surface (typically <1 % of the margin) and is inferior to gold-standard histology, especially for fatty tissues that do not freeze well, such as breast specimens. Microscopy with ultraviolet surface excitation (MUSE) is a nondestructive superficial optical-sectioning technique that has the potential to enable rapid, high-resolution examination of excised margin surfaces. Here, a MUSE system is developed with fully automated sample translation to image fresh tissue surfaces over large areas and at multiple levels of defocus, at a rate of ∼5 min / cm2. Surface extraction is used to improve the comprehensiveness of surface imaging, and 3-D deconvolution is used to improve resolution and contrast. In addition, an improved fluorescent analog of conventional H&E staining is developed to label fresh tissues within ∼5 min for MUSE imaging. We compare the image quality of our MUSE system with both frozen-section and conventional H&E histology, demonstrating the feasibility to provide microscopic visualization of breast margin surfaces at speeds that are relevant for intraoperative use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weisi Xie
- University of Washington, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Ye Chen
- University of Washington, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Yu Wang
- University of Washington, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Linpeng Wei
- University of Washington, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Chengbo Yin
- University of Washington, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Adam K. Glaser
- University of Washington, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Mark E. Fauver
- University of Washington, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Eric J. Seibel
- University of Washington, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Suzanne M. Dintzis
- University of Washington, School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Joshua C. Vaughan
- University of Washington, Department of Chemistry, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Nicholas P. Reder
- University of Washington, School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Jonathan T. C. Liu
- University of Washington, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seattle, Washington, United States
- University of Washington, School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Seattle, Washington, United States
- Address all correspondence to Jonathan T. C. Liu, E-mail:
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26
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Norouzinia F, Abbasi F, Dindarian S, Mohammadi S, Meisami F, Bagheri M, Mohammadi H. Immunohistochemical study of C-kit expression in subtypes of renal cell carcinoma. Turk J Urol 2018; 44:31-35. [PMID: 29484224 DOI: 10.5152/tud.2018.91455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective Renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) include about 2% of adult neoplasms and 90-95% of all renal tumors. Mostly, it is possible to distinguish RCC subtypes using hematoxylin-eosin staining. However, overlapping morphologic features cause some difficulties in making a precise diagnosis. In order to render an accurate diagnosis, additional methods such as immunohistochemical staining for c-kit have been recommended. In this study, we aimed to investigate c-kit gene expression in various subtypes of RCC. Material and methods We reviewed 65 diagnosed RCC cases. Formalin- fixed, paraffin- embedded specimens were available for the cases. The expression of c-kit was evaluated using immunohistochemistry. The correlation between c-kit expression and clinicopathological parameters including patients' age and gender in addition to grade, stage, and size of the tumor were investigated. Results Six cases of 39 clear cell types (15.4%), 8 of 13 papillary types (61.5%), 11 of 12 chromophobe types (91.7%), and no sarcomatoid type were positive for c-kit expression. Based on chi-square test results, there was a significant relationship between RCC subtypes and c-kit expression (p=0.001). There was no significant correlation between age, sex, grade, stage, and size of the tumor and c-kit expression. Conclusion The expression of c-kit in RCC may have diagnostic significance in subtypes of RCC especially papillary and chromophobe subtypes of RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farahnaz Norouzinia
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Fariba Abbasi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Sina Dindarian
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Sedra Mohammadi
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Farid Meisami
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mahdi Bagheri
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hozan Mohammadi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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27
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Wang C, Yue F, Kuang S. Muscle Histology Characterization Using H&E Staining and Muscle Fiber Type Classification Using Immunofluorescence Staining. Bio Protoc 2017; 7:e2279. [PMID: 28752107 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.2279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle function is determined by its structure and fiber type composition. Here we describe a protocol to examine muscle histology and myofiber types using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and immunofluorescence staining, respectively. H&E stain nucleus in blue and cytoplasm in red, therefore allowing for morphological analyses, such as myofiber diameter, the presence of degenerated and regenerated myofibers, and adipocytes and fibrotic cells. Muscle fibers in adult skeletal muscles of rodents are classified into 4 subtypes based on the expression of myosin heavy chain proteins: Myh7 (type I fiber), Myh2 (type IIA fiber), Myh1 (type IIX fiber), Myh4 (type IIB fiber). A panel of monoclonal antibodies can be used to specifically label these muscle fiber subtypes. These protocols are commonly used in the study of muscle development, growth and regeneration (for example: Wang et al., 2015; Nie et al., 2016; Yue et al., 2016; Wang et al., 2017).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Feng Yue
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Shihuan Kuang
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.,Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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28
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Pradhan S, Pellino C, MacMaster K, Coyle D, Weiss AA. Shiga Toxin Mediated Neurologic Changes in Murine Model of Disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2016; 6:114. [PMID: 27747196 PMCID: PMC5040725 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Seizures and neurologic involvement have been reported in patients infected with Shiga toxin (Stx) producing E. coli, and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) with neurologic involvement is associated with more severe outcome. We investigated the extent of renal and neurologic damage in mice following injection of the highly potent form of Stx, Stx2a, and less potent Stx1. As observed in previous studies, Stx2a brought about moderate to acute tubular necrosis of proximal and distal tubules in the kidneys. Brain sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) appeared normal, although some red blood cell congestion was observed. Microglial cell responses to neural injury include up-regulation of surface-marker expression (e.g., Iba1) and stereotypical morphological changes. Mice injected with Stx2a showed increased Iba1 staining, mild morphological changes associated with microglial activation (thickening of processes), and increased microglial staining per unit area. Microglial changes were observed in the cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala regions, but not the nucleus. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of Stx2a-treated mice revealed no hyper-intensities in the brain, although magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) revealed significantly decreased levels of phosphocreatine in the thalamus. Less dramatic changes were observed following Stx1 challenge. Neither immortalized microvascular endothelial cells from the cerebral cortex of mice (bEnd.3) nor primary human brain microvascular endothelial cells were found to be susceptible to Stx1 or Stx2a. The lack of susceptibility to Stx for both cell types correlated with an absence of receptor expression. These studies indicate Stx causes subtle, but identifiable changes in the mouse brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Pradhan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Kayleigh MacMaster
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Dennis Coyle
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Alison A Weiss
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati Cincinnati, OH, USA
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29
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Sung CK, Kim HB, Jung JH, Baik KY, Moon KW, Kim HS, Yi JH, Chung JH. Histological and Mathematical Analysis of the Irreversibly Electroporated Liver Tissue. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2016; 16:488-496. [PMID: 27079209 DOI: 10.1177/1533034616640642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Irreversible electroporation has clinically been used to treat various types of cancer. A plan on how to apply irreversible electroporation before practicing is very important to increase the ablation area and reduce the side effects. Several electrical models have been developed to predict the ablation area with applied electric energy. In this experiment, the static relationship between applied electric energy and ablated area was mathematically and experimentally investigated at 10 hours after applying irreversible electroporation. We performed the irreversible electroporation on the liver tissue of Sprague Dawley rats (male, 8 weeks, weighing 250-350 g). The ablated area was measured based on histological analysis and compared with the mathematical calculation from the electric energy, assuming that the tissue is homogeneous. The ablated area increased with the increase in applied electric energy. The numerically calculated contour lines of electric energy density overlapped well with the apoptotic area induced by the irreversible electroporation. The overlapped area clearly showed that the destructive threshold of apoptosis between electrodes is electric energy density level of 5.9 × 105 J/m3. The results of the present study suggested that the clinical results of the irreversible electroporation on a liver tissue could be predicted through mathematical calculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Kyu Sung
- 1 Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Cancer Research Institute, SNU-SMG Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Bae Kim
- 2 Department of Biosystems & Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hyun Jung
- 3 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ku Youn Baik
- 4 Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee Wook Moon
- 5 Quality Management Team, Infopia Co Ltd, Anyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Sik Kim
- 6 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Han Yi
- 6 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Chung
- 2 Department of Biosystems & Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,7 Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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30
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Abstract
Cell adhesion, migration, and signaling in physiologically normal and pathological processes depend highly on the extracellular matrix that the cell interacts with. A variety of in vitro models of two-dimensional and three-dimensional extracellular matrices have been developed to study multiple aspects of cellular behavior. However, there is a profound need for in vitro models of extracellular matrices to closely mimic both biochemical and physical aspects of a three-dimensional in vivo cellular environment. This unit outlines the preparation of human-tissue-derived, cell-free, three-dimensional extracellular matrices for studying cellular behavior and cell-extracellular matrix interactions ex vivo. These protocols can be used to prepare cell-free matrices from a variety of normal and cancerous tissues. This unit also provides protocols for quality control of acellular matrix preparations, and for immunostaining of cells for specific cellular proteins as well as of extracellular matrices for their components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine B Campbell
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, 30 Convent Drive, MSC 4370 Bethesda, MD 20892-4370, USA,Corresponding Authors: Vira Artym, ; Catherine B Campbell,
| | - Edna Cukierman
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple Health, 333 Cottman Avenue, W428, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Vira V Artym
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, 30 Convent Drive, MSC 4370 Bethesda, MD 20892-4370, USA,Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical School, Washington, DC 20057-1469, USA,Corresponding Authors: Vira Artym, ; Catherine B Campbell,
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