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Chen W, Wu X, Hu J, Liu X, Guo Z, Wu J, Shao Y, Hao M, Zhang S, Hu W, Wang Y, Zhang M, Zhu M, Wang C, Wu Y, Wang J, Xing D. The translational potential of miR-26 in atherosclerosis and development of agents for its target genes ACC1/2, COL1A1, CPT1A, FBP1, DGAT2, and SMAD7. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2024; 23:21. [PMID: 38195542 PMCID: PMC10777520 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-024-02119-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. miR-26 is a potential biomarker of atherosclerosis. Standardized diagnostic tests for miR-26 (MIR26-DX) have been developed, but the fastest progress has been in predicting the efficacy of IFN-α therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC, phase 3). MiR-26 slows atherosclerosis development by suppressing ACC1/2, ACLY, ACSL3/4, ALDH3A2, ALPL, BMP2, CD36, COL1A1, CPT1A, CTGF, DGAT2, EHHADH, FAS, FBP1, GATA4, GSK3β, G6PC, Gys2, HMGA1, HMGB1, LDLR, LIPC, IL-1β, IL-6, JAG2, KCNJ2, MALT1, β-MHC, NF-κB, PCK1, PLCβ1, PYGL, RUNX2, SCD1, SMAD1/4/5/7, SREBF1, TAB3, TAK1, TCF7L2, and TNF-α expression. Many agents targeting these genes, such as the ACC1/2 inhibitors GS-0976, PF-05221304, and MK-4074; the DGAT2 inhibitors IONIS-DGAT2Rx, PF-06427878, PF-0685571, and PF-07202954; the COL1A1 inhibitor HT-100; the stimulants 68Ga-CBP8 and RCT-01; the CPT1A inhibitors etomoxir, perhexiline, and teglicar; the FBP1 inhibitors CS-917 and MB07803; and the SMAD7 inhibitor mongersen, have been investigated in clinical trials. Interestingly, miR-26 better reduced intima-media thickness (IMT) than PCSK9 or CT-1 knockout. Many PCSK9 inhibitors, including alirocumab, evolocumab, inclisiran, AZD8233, Civi-007, MK-0616, and LIB003, have been investigated in clinical trials. Recombinant CT-1 was also investigated in clinical trials. Therefore, miR-26 is a promising target for agent development. miR-26 promotes foam cell formation by reducing ABCA1 and ARL4C expression. Multiple materials can be used to deliver miR-26, but it is unclear which material is most suitable for mass production and clinical applications. This review focuses on the potential use of miR-26 in treating atherosclerosis to support the development of agents targeting it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wujun Chen
- Cancer Institute, Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaolin Wu
- Cancer Institute, Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Jianxia Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaolei Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Zhu Guo
- Cancer Institute, Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Jianfeng Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Key Laboratory of Heart Failure Prevention & Treatment of Hengyang, Clinical Medicine Research Center of Arteriosclerotic Disease of Hunan Province, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Yingchun Shao
- Cancer Institute, Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Minglu Hao
- Cancer Institute, Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Shuangshuang Zhang
- Cancer Institute, Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Weichao Hu
- Cancer Institute, Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Yanhong Wang
- Cancer Institute, Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Cancer Institute, Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Meng Zhu
- Cancer Institute, Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Cancer Institute, Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China.
| | - Yudong Wu
- Cancer Institute, Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China.
| | - Jie Wang
- Cancer Institute, Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China.
| | - Dongming Xing
- Cancer Institute, Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China.
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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Liu Y, Li G, Lu F, Guo Z, Cai S, Huo T. Excess iron intake induced liver injury: The role of gut-liver axis and therapeutic potential. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115728. [PMID: 37864900 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive iron intake is detrimental to human health, especially to the liver, which is the main organ for iron storage. Excessive iron intake can lead to liver injury. The gut-liver axis (GLA) refers to the bidirectional relationship between the gut and its microbiota and the liver, which is a combination of signals generated by dietary, genetic and environmental factors. Excessive iron intake disrupts the GLA at multiple interconnected levels, including the gut microbiota, gut barrier function, and the liver's innate immune system. Excessive iron intake induces gut microbiota dysbiosis, destroys gut barriers, promotes liver exposure to gut microbiota and its derived metabolites, and increases the pro-inflammatory environment of the liver. There is increasing evidence that excess iron intake alters the levels of gut microbiota-derived metabolites such as secondary bile acids (BAs), short-chain fatty acids, indoles, and trimethylamine N-oxide, which play an important role in maintaining homeostasis of the GLA. In addition to iron chelators, antioxidants, and anti-inflammatory agents currently used in iron overload therapy, gut barrier intervention may be a potential target for iron overload therapy. In this paper, we review the relationship between excess iron intake and chronic liver diseases, the regulation of iron homeostasis by the GLA, and focus on the effects of excess iron intake on the GLA. It has been suggested that probiotics, fecal microbiota transfer, farnesoid X receptor agonists, and microRNA may be potential therapeutic targets for iron overload-induced liver injury by protecting gut barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Guangyan Li
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Fayu Lu
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Ziwei Guo
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Shuang Cai
- The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
| | - Taoguang Huo
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China; Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China.
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Guo F, Yang X, Hu C, Li W, Han W. Network Pharmacology Combined with Machine Learning to Reveal the Action Mechanism of Licochalcone Intervention in Liver Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15935. [PMID: 37958916 PMCID: PMC10649909 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
There are reports indicating that licochalcones can inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of cancer cells by promoting the expression of autophagy-related proteins, inhibiting the expression of cell cycle proteins and angiogenic factors, and regulating autophagy and apoptosis. This study aims to reveal the potential mechanisms of licochalcone A (LCA), licochalcone B (LCB), licochalcone C (LCC), licochalcone D (LCD), licochalcone E (LCE), licochalcone F (LCF), and licochalcone G (LCG) inhibition in liver cancer through computer-aided screening strategies. By using machine learning clustering analysis to search for other structurally similar components in licorice, quantitative calculations were conducted to collect the structural commonalities of these components related to liver cancer and to identify key residues involved in the interactions between small molecules and key target proteins. Our research results show that the seven licochalcones molecules interfere with the cancer signaling pathway via the NF-κB signaling pathway, PDL1 expression and PD1 checkpoint pathway in cancer, and others. Glypallichalcone, Echinatin, and 3,4,3',4'-Tetrahydroxy-2-methoxychalcone in licorice also have similar structures to the seven licochalcones, which may indicate their similar effects. We also identified the key residues (including ASN364, GLY365, TRP366, and TYR485) involved in the interactions between ten flavonoids and the key target protein (nitric oxide synthase 2). In summary, we provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms of the anticancer effects of licorice flavonoids, providing new ideas for the design of small molecules for liver cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wannan Li
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China; (F.G.); (X.Y.); (C.H.)
| | - Weiwei Han
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China; (F.G.); (X.Y.); (C.H.)
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Shan C, Liang Y, Wang K, Li P. Noncoding RNAs in cancer ferroptosis: From biology to clinical opportunity. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115053. [PMID: 37379641 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a recently discovered pattern of programmed cell death that is nonapoptotic and irondependent. It is involved in lipid peroxidation dependent on reactive oxygen species. Ferroptosis has been verified to play a crucial regulatory role in a variety of pathological courses of disease, in particularly cancer. Emerging research has highlighted the potential of ferroptosis in tumorigenesis, cancer development and resistance to chemotherapy. However, the regulatory mechanism of ferroptosis remains unclear, which limits the application of ferroptosis in cancer treatment. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are noncoding transcripts that regulate gene expression in various ways to affect the malignant phenotypes of cancer cells. At present, the biological function and underlying regulatory mechanism of ncRNAs in cancer ferroptosis have been partially elucidated. Herein, we summarize the current knowledge of the central regulatory network of ferroptosis, with a focus on the regulatory functions of ncRNAs in cancer ferroptosis. The clinical application and prospects of ferroptosis-related ncRNAs in cancer diagnosis, prognosis and anticancer therapies are also discussed. Elucidating the function and mechanism of ncRNAs in ferroptosis, along with assessing the clinical significance of ferroptosis-related ncRNAs, provides new perspectives for understanding cancer biology and treatment approaches, which may benefit numerous cancer patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Shan
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Peifeng Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.
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Kern AE, Ortmayr G, Assinger A, Starlinger P. The role of microRNAs in the different phases of liver regeneration. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 17:959-973. [PMID: 37811642 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2023.2267422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Since the first discovery of microRNAs (miRs) extensive evidence reveals their indispensable role in different patho-physiological processes. They are recognized as critical regulators of hepatic regeneration, as they modulate multiple complex signaling pathways affecting liver regeneration. MiR-related translational suppression and degradation of target mRNAs and proteins are not limited to one specific gene, but act on multiple targets. AREAS COVERED In this review, we are going to explore the role of miRs in the context of liver regeneration and discuss the regulatory effects attributed to specific miRs. Moreover, specific pathways crucial for liver regeneration will be discussed, with a particular emphasis on the involvement of miRs within the respective signaling cascades. EXPERT OPINION The considerable amount of studies exploring miR functions in a variety of diseases paved the way for the development of miR-directed therapeutics. Clinical implementation has already shown promising results, but additional research is warranted to assure safe and efficient delivery. Nevertheless, given the broad functional properties of miRs and their critical involvement during hepatic regeneration, they represent an attractive treatment target to promote liver recovery after hepatic resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Emilia Kern
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Visceral Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Ortmayr
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alice Assinger
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick Starlinger
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Visceral Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Mahmoudi-Lamouki R, Kadkhoda S, Hussen BM, Ghafouri-Fard S. Emerging role of miRNAs in the regulation of ferroptosis. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1115996. [PMID: 36876051 PMCID: PMC9975729 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1115996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a kind of cell death which has distinctive features differentiating it from autophagy, necrosis and apoptosis. This iron-dependent form of cell death is described by an increase in lipid reactive oxygen species, shrinkage of mitochondria and decrease in mitochondrial cristae. Ferroptosis is involved in the initiation and progression of many diseases and is regarded as a hotspot of investigations on treatment of disorders. Recent studies have shown that microRNAs partake in the regulation of ferroptosis. The impact of microRNAs on this process has been verified in different cancers as well as intervertebral disc degeneration, acute myocardial infarction, vascular disease, intracerebral hemorrhage, preeclampsia, hemorrhagic stroke, atrial fibrillation, pulmonary fibrosis and atherosclerosis. miR-675, miR-93, miR-27a, miR-34a and miR-141 have been shown to affect iron metabolism, antioxidant metabolism and lipid metabolism, thus influencing all pivotal mechanisms in the ferroptosis process. In the current review, we summarize the role of microRNAs in ferroptosis and their involvement in the pathetiology of malignant and non-malignant disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sepideh Kadkhoda
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Zhao S, Zheng W, Yu C, Xu G, Zhang X, Pan C, Feng Y, Yang K, Zhou J, Ma Y. The Role of Ferroptosis in the Treatment and Drug Resistance of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:845232. [PMID: 35309918 PMCID: PMC8927068 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.845232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell death is a fundamental feature of multicellular organisms’ development and a key driver of degenerative diseases. Ferroptosis is a new regulatory cell death mediated by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, which is different from apoptosis and necrosis in morphology, pathophysiology and mechanism. Recent studies have found that ferroptosis is involved in the development of many diseases including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). As further research progresses, specific mechanisms of ferroptosis in HCC are being revealed. In this review, we summarize these recent advances about the treatment of drug-resistance in HCC and the latest ferroptosis-related treatment for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kunxing Yang
- *Correspondence: Kunxing Yang, ; Jin Zhou, ; Yong Ma,
| | - Jin Zhou
- *Correspondence: Kunxing Yang, ; Jin Zhou, ; Yong Ma,
| | - Yong Ma
- *Correspondence: Kunxing Yang, ; Jin Zhou, ; Yong Ma,
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OUP accepted manuscript. Lab Med 2022; 53:523-529. [DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmac045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Gouda G, Gupta MK, Donde R, Behera L, Vadde R. Tumor microenvironment in heptocellular carcinoma. THERANOSTICS AND PRECISION MEDICINE FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA 2022:109-124. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-98806-3.00007-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
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10
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Gouda G, Gupta MK, Donde R, Behera L, Vadde R. Metabolic pathway-based target therapy to hepatocellular carcinoma: a computational approach. THERANOSTICS AND PRECISION MEDICINE FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA, VOLUME 2 2022:83-103. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-98807-0.00003-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
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Wojtusik J, Curry E, Roth TL. Rhinoceros Serum microRNAs: Identification, Characterization, and Evaluation of Potential Iron Overload Biomarkers. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:711576. [PMID: 34977204 PMCID: PMC8716540 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.711576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron overload disorder (IOD) in critically endangered Sumatran (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis) and black (Diceros bicornis) rhinoceros is an over-accumulation of iron in organs which may exacerbate other diseases and indicate metabolic disturbances. IOD in rhinos is not well understood and diagnostics and therapeutics are limited in effectiveness. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs capable of altering protein synthesis. miRNA expression responds to physiological states and could serve as the basis for development of diagnostics and therapeutics. This study aimed to identify miRNAs differentially expressed among healthy rhinos and those afflicted with IOD or other diseases ("unhealthy"), and assess expression of select miRNAs to evaluate their potential as biomarkers of IOD. miRNAs in serum of black (n = 11 samples; five individuals) and Sumatran (n = 7 samples; four individuals) rhinos, representing individuals categorized as healthy (n = 9), unhealthy (n = 5), and afflicted by IOD (n = 3) were sequenced. In total, 715 miRNAs were identified, of which 160 were novel, 131 were specific to black rhinos, and 108 were specific to Sumatran rhinos. Additionally, 95 miRNAs were specific to healthy individuals, 31 specific to unhealthy, and 63 were specific to IOD individuals. Among healthy, unhealthy, and IOD states, 21 miRNAs were differentially expressed (P ≤ 0.01). Five known miRNAs (let-7g, miR-16b, miR-30e, miR-143, and miR-146a) were selected for further assessment via RT-qPCR in serum from black (n = 61 samples; seven individuals) and Sumatran (n = 38 samples; five individuals) rhinos. let-7g, miR-30e, and miR-143 all showed significant increased expression (P ≤ 0.05) during IOD (between 1 and 2 years prior to death) and late IOD (within 1 year of death) compared to healthy and unhealthy individuals. miR-16b expression increased (P ≤ 0.05) in late IOD, but was not different among IOD, healthy, and unhealthy states (P > 0.05). Expression of miR-146a increased in IOD and late IOD as compared to unhealthy samples (P ≤ 0.05) but was not different from the healthy state (P > 0.05). Selected serum miRNAs of black and Sumatran rhinos, in particular let-7g, miR-30e, and miR-143, could therefore provide a tool for advancing rhino IOD diagnostics that should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessye Wojtusik
- Center for Conservation and Research of Endangered Wildlife (CREW), Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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Circulating miRNAs and tissue iron overload in transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia major: novel predictors and follow-up guide. Ann Hematol 2021; 100:2909-2917. [PMID: 34432101 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-021-04639-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Tissue iron overload is a life-threatening scenario in children with transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia major, miRNAs that are involved in iron hemostasis could serve as therapeutic targets for control of iron overload. We aimed to find out the association between three iron-related miRNAs "miR-let-7d, miR-122, and miR-200b" and excess iron in tissues, in transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia major patients. Circulating miRNA expressions are measured in peripheral blood (PB) samples using qPCR of transfusion-dependent (TDT) β-thalassemia patients (n = 140) and normalized to non-transfusion-dependent (NTDT) β-thalassemia (n = 45). Results revealed that plasma expression levels of miR-let-7d and miR-200b were significantly downregulated in TDT patients; however, miR-122 was upregulated. In terms of tissue iron load, aberrant expression of miRNAs was significantly associated with increased-iron accumulation in hepatic and cardiac tissues. We concluded that circulating miRNAs are strong candidates that associate iron hemostasis in transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia major patients. And by extension, targeting miR-let-7d, miR-122, and miR-200 might serve as novel sensitive, specific and non-invasive predictor biomarkers for cellular damage under condition of tissue iron excess.
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Yin L, Keeler GD, Zhang Y, Hoffman BE, Ling C, Qing K, Srivastava A. AAV3-miRNA vectors for growth suppression of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro and human liver tumors in a murine xenograft model in vivo. Gene Ther 2021; 28:422-434. [PMID: 32152434 PMCID: PMC7784898 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-020-0140-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 3 (AAV3) vectors transduce human liver tumors more efficiently in a mouse xenograft model following systemic administration. Others have utilized AAV8 vectors expressing miR-26a and miR-122 to achieve near total inhibition of growth of mouse liver tumors. Since AAV3 vectors transduce human hepatic cells more efficiently than AAV8 vectors, in the present studies, we wished to evaluate the efficacy of AAV3-miR-26a/122 vectors in suppressing the growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells in vitro, and human liver tumors in a mouse model in vivo. To this end, a human HCC cell line, Huh7, was transduced with various multiplicities of infection (MOIs) of AAV3-miR-26a or scAAV3-miR-122 vectors, or both, which also co-expressed a Gaussia luciferase (GLuc) reporter gene. Only a modest level of dose-dependent growth inhibition of Huh7 cells (~12-13%) was observed at the highest MOI (1 × 105 vgs/cell) with each vector. When Huh7 cells were co-transduced with both vectors, the extent of growth inhibition was additive (~26%). However, AAV3-miR-26a and scAAV3-miR-122 vectors led to ~70% inhibition of growth of Huh-derived human liver tumors in a mouse xenograft model in vivo. Thus, the combined use of miR-26a and scAAV3-miR-122 delivered by AAV3 vectors offers a potentially useful approach to target human liver tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Powell Gene Therapy Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Geoffrey D Keeler
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Powell Gene Therapy Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yuanhui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Powell Gene Therapy Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Brad E Hoffman
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Powell Gene Therapy Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Chen Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Powell Gene Therapy Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Keyun Qing
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Powell Gene Therapy Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Arun Srivastava
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Powell Gene Therapy Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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14
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Li J, Wang S, Duan J, Le P, Li C, Ding Y, Wang R, Gao Y. The protective mechanism of resveratrol against hepatic injury induced by iron overload in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 424:115596. [PMID: 34044072 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Excessive iron deposition can produce toxicity. Liver, as the main storage site of iron, is more vulnerable to excessive iron than other organs. Many studies have found that Resveratrol (RES) can effectively eliminate oxygen free radicals and resist lipid peroxide damage. However, studies investigating the mechanism of how RES prevents liver injury induced by iron overload are few. This study aims to observe the protective effect of RES on liver injury induced by iron overload in mice. Mice, except for the control group, received an intraperitoneal injection of iron dextran (50 mg/kg) every morning. The L-RES and H-RES groups received intragastric administration of low- and high-concentration RES solutions (20 or 50 mg/kg). The deferoxamine (DFO) group was intraperitoneally injected with DFO (50 mg/kg), while the control and iron overload groups were intraperitoneally injected with the same amount of normal saline every afternoon. Two weeks after continuous administration, iron-overloaded mice treated with high and low doses of RES significantly improved liver injury (GOT and GPT) and decreased LDH activity and MDA content and increased SOD and GSH activities (P < 0.01). Morphological tests showed that RES treatment can reduce liver iron deposition and improve liver pathological changes in iron-overloaded mice. Furthermore, RES treatment caused a significant decrease in Ft expression (P < 0.01). In conclusion, RES can alleviate liver injury in iron-overloaded mice. The mechanism may be related to improve the antioxidant capacity and reduce excess iron in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghan Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Simeng Wang
- College of Nursing, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Jiaqi Duan
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Peixin Le
- School of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Chao Li
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Yongpei Ding
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China.
| | - Yonggang Gao
- School of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China.
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15
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Zheng J, Cheng D, Wu D, Wang L, Qu F, Wu X, Cheng L, Wei Y, Liu X. MiR-452-5p mediates the proliferation, migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via targeting COLEC10. Per Med 2021; 18:97-106. [PMID: 33565325 DOI: 10.2217/pme-2020-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective: This study explored the potential function of miR-452-5p in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and clarified the mechanism underlying HCC progression. Materials & methods: Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect miR-452-5p and COLEC10 mRNA expression in HCC, western blot was performed to test COLEC10 protein expression. The regulatory mechanism of miR-452-5p/COLEC10 in HCC cells was explored using CCK-8, wound healing assay, Transwell and dual-luciferase reporter assay. Results: MiR-452-5p was greatly upregulated in HCC cells, and it served as an oncogene playing an active role in HCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. COLEC10 was identified as the target of miR-452-5p in HCC attenuating the promoting effect of miR-452-5p on HCC cells upon overexpression. Conclusion: MiR-452-5p can promote the progression of HCC via targeting COLEC10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxing Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan 063000, PR China
| | - Daming Cheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan 063000, PR China
| | - Dongyang Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan 063000, PR China
| | - Libing Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan 063000, PR China
| | - Fengzhi Qu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan 063000, PR China
| | - Xiaotang Wu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Translation, Shanghai 200231, PR China
| | - Ling Cheng
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Translation, Shanghai 200231, PR China
| | - Yanbin Wei
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Translation, Shanghai 200231, PR China
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan 063000, PR China
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16
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Zhang H, Liang H, Wu S, Zhang Y, Yu Z. MicroRNA-638 induces apoptosis and autophagy in human liver cancer cells by targeting enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 82:103559. [PMID: 33290872 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Liver cancer is of the devastating human cancers and its incidence is increasing at an alarming rate. The clinical outcomes are far from descent due to lack of efficient therapeutic targets and chemotherapeutic agents. Studies have revealed the therapeutic implications of microRNAs in the management of different human cancers. This study was designed to explore the role and therapeutic potential of miR-638 in liver cancer via modulation of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2). The results revealed significant (P < 0.05) downregulation of miR-638 in human liver cancer tissues and cell lines. Overexpression of miR-638 led to a significant (P < 0.05) decline in liver cancer cell proliferation. Nonetheless, inhibition of miR-638 could promote the proliferation of the human liver cancer cells. The DAPI and annexin V/PI staining assays revealed that miR-638 induces apoptosis in human liver cancer cells which was accompanied by enhancement of Bax and depletion of Bcl-2 expression. Furthermore, miR-638 overexpression also leads to a significant (P < 0.05) increase of autophagosomes and autolysosomes in liver cancer cells suggestive of autophagy. The induction of autophagy was further confirmed by increase and decrease in expression of LC3B-II and Beclin-1 proteins, respectively. In contrary, inhibition of miR-638 prevented both apoptosis and autophagy of the liver cancer cells. In silico analysis and the dual luciferase assay revealed EZH2 as the molecular target of miR-638 at post-transcriptional level. The qRT-PCR showed that EZH2 to be significantly (P < 0.05) upregulated in the human liver cancer tissues and cell lines. However, the expression of EZH2 was considerably suppressed upon miR-638 overexpression in SNU-423 cells. Taken together, these findings suggest the tumor-suppressive role of miR-638/EZH2 axis liver cancer and point towards the potential of miR-638 as therapeutic target in the treatment of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Zhang
- Department of infectious diseases, the first affiliated hospital of Zhengzhou University, NO. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Hongxia Liang
- Department of infectious diseases, the first affiliated hospital of Zhengzhou University, NO. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Shuhuan Wu
- Department of infectious diseases, the first affiliated hospital of Zhengzhou University, NO. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Department of infectious diseases, the first affiliated hospital of Zhengzhou University, NO. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Zujiang Yu
- Department of infectious diseases, the first affiliated hospital of Zhengzhou University, NO. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.
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17
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Iron Dysregulation in Human Cancer: Altered Metabolism, Biomarkers for Diagnosis, Prognosis, Monitoring and Rationale for Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123524. [PMID: 33255972 PMCID: PMC7761132 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Iron is the more abundant metal ion in humans. It is essential for life as it has a role in various cellular processes involved, for instance, in cell metabolism and DNA synthesis. These functions are crucial for cell proliferation, and it is therefore not surprising that iron is accumulated in tumors. In this review, we describe normal and altered iron homeostasis mechanisms. We also provide a vision of iron-related proteins with altered expression in cancers and discuss their potential as diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarkers. Finally, we give an overview of therapeutic strategies acting on iron metabolism to fight against cancers. Abstract Iron (Fe) is a trace element that plays essential roles in various biological processes such as DNA synthesis and repair, as well as cellular energy production and oxygen transport, and it is currently widely recognized that iron homeostasis is dysregulated in many cancers. Indeed, several iron homeostasis proteins may be responsible for malignant tumor initiation, proliferation, and for the metastatic spread of tumors. A large number of studies demonstrated the potential clinical value of utilizing these deregulated proteins as prognostic and/or predictive biomarkers of malignancy and/or response to anticancer treatments. Additionally, the iron present in cancer cells and the importance of iron in ferroptosis cell death signaling pathways prompted the development of therapeutic strategies against advanced stage or resistant cancers. In this review, we select relevant and promising studies in the field of iron metabolism in cancer research and clinical oncology. Besides this, we discuss some co-existing discrepant findings. We also present and discuss the latest lines of research related to targeting iron, or its regulatory pathways, as potential promising anticancer strategies for human therapy. Iron chelators, such as deferoxamine or iron-oxide-based nanoparticles, which are already tested in clinical trials, alone or in combination with chemotherapy, are also reported.
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18
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Zhao Y, Zhu C, Chang Q, Peng P, Yang J, Liu C, Liu Y, Chen X, Liu Y, Cheng R, Wu Y, Wu X, Hu L, Yin J. MiR-424-5p regulates cell cycle and inhibits proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by targeting E2F7. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242179. [PMID: 33201900 PMCID: PMC7671513 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to explore the mechanism of the miR-424-5p/E2F7 axis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and provide new ideas for targeted therapy of HCC. Methods Bioinformatics analysis was used to identify the target differentially expressed miRNA in HCC and predict its target gene. qRT-PCR was employed to verify the expression of miR-424-5p and E2F7 mRNA in HCC cells. Western blot was performed to detect the effect of miR-424-5p ectopic expression on the protein expression of E2F7. CCK-8 was used to detect proliferative activity of HCC cells and flow cytometry was carried out for analyzing cell cycle distribution. Dual luciferase reporter assay was conducted to verify the direct targeting relationship between miR-424-5p and E2F7. Results We observed that miR-424-5p was down-regulated in HCC cells. CCK-8 showed that overexpression of miR-424-5p inhibited cell proliferation, and flow cytometry showed that miR-424-5p could block cells in G0/G1 phase. E2F7 was up-regulated in HCC cells, and E2F7 overexpression could facilitate the proliferative ability of HCC cells and promote the cell cycle progressing from G0/G1 to S phase. Furthermore, dual-luciferase reporter assay indicated that miR-424-5p could directly down-regulate E2F7 expression. Analysis on cell function demonstrated that miR-424-5p inhibited the proliferation of HCC cells and blocked cell cycle at G0/G1 phase by targeting E2F7. Conclusion Our results proved that E2F7 was a direct target of miR-424-5p, and miR-424-5p could regulate cell cycle and further inhibit the proliferation of HCC cells by targeting E2F7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Chaoqian Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Qing Chang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Peng Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Chunmei Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Xiaonan Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Yuanguang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Ran Cheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Yijie Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Xiaotang Wu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Translation, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Hu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Translation, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, China
- * E-mail:
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19
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Akbari A, Majd HM, Rahnama R, Heshmati J, Morvaridzadeh M, Agah S, Amini SM, Masoodi M. Cross-talk between oxidative stress signaling and microRNA regulatory systems in carcinogenesis: Focused on gastrointestinal cancers. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110729. [PMID: 33152911 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms underlying development and progression of gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are mediated by both oxidative stress (OS) and microRNAs (miRNAs) involvement. Notably, OS signaling may regulate the expression of miRNAs, and miRNAs function as imperative players in OS-initiated tumors. Given the defined biological roles of both OS systems and miRNAs in GI carcinogenesis, a possible interplay between these two key cellular networks is considered. A growing body of evidence has indicated a reciprocal connection between OS signaling pathways and miRNA regulatory machines in GI cancer development and progression. Illumination of the molecular cross-talking between miRNAs and the OS would improve our pathophysiological insight into carcinogens. Also, understanding the molecular mechanisms in which these systems are reciprocally regulated may imply in future medical practice mainly GI cancer therapy. Nowadays, therapeutic strategies focusing on miRNA and OS in GI cancer treatment are increasingly delineated. Since the use of antioxidants is limited owing to the contrasting consequences of OS signaling in cancer, the discovery of OS-responsive miRNAs may provide a potential new strategy to overcome OS-mediated GI carcinogenesis. Given the possible interaction between OS and miRNAs in GI cancers, this review aimed to elucidate the existing evidence on the interaction between OS and miRNA regulatory machinery and its role in GI carcinogenesis. In this regard, we will illustrate the function of miRNAs which target OS systems during homeostasis and tumorigenesis. We also discuss the biological cross-talk between OS systems and miRNAs and corresponding cell signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Akbari
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hassan Mehrad Majd
- Cancer Molecular Pathology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reyhane Rahnama
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Javad Heshmati
- Department of Nutritional Science, School of Nutritional Science and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mojgan Morvaridzadeh
- Department of Nutritional Science, School of Nutritional Science and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Shahram Agah
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Amini
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Masoodi
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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20
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Karimkhanloo H, Mohammadi-Yeganeh S, Hadavi R, Koochaki A, Paryan M. Potential role of miR-214 in β-catenin gene expression within hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:7429-7437. [PMID: 32901357 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05798-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important gene regulators whose dysregulations can be involved in tumorigenesis. β-catenin, the main agent in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, controls various genes and its over-expression has been discovered in different kinds of cancers including Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). Extensive research demonstrated that the Wnt signaling is one of the major affected pathways in HCC. This study aimed to find miRNA targeting β-catenin gene by bioinformatic approaches and confirm this correlation to propose new therapeutic targets for HCC. Prediction of miRNAs targeting 3'-Untranslated Regions (UTR) of β-catenin mRNA, were done using different types of credible bioinformatic databases. The luciferase assay was also recruited for further confirmation of the bioinformatic predictions. In the first step, the expression of β-catenin was assessed in the HepG2 cell line by real-time PCR technique. Next, transduction of HepG2 cells were done by lentiviral vectors containing the desired miRNA. Then, the expression level of miRNA and the β-catenin gene were evaluated. Based on the results obtained from different bioinformatic databases, miR-214 was selected as the potential miRNA with the highest probability in targeting β-catenin. Furthermore, Luciferase assay results confirmed the accuracy of our bioinformatic prediction. In line with our hypothesis, after the overexpression of miR-214 in HepG2 cells, β-catenin gene expression was reduced significantly. Gathered results indicate the miRNAs role in the down-regulation of their target genes. Hence, the results propose that miR-214 can prevent HCC development by suppressing β-catenin and may supply a newfound approach towards HCC therapy in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamzeh Karimkhanloo
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Samira Mohammadi-Yeganeh
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Razie Hadavi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Ameneh Koochaki
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Paryan
- Department of Research and Development, Production and Research Complex, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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21
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Wang H, Shi X, Wu S. miR-550a-3/NFIC plays a driving role in esophageal squamous cell cancer cells proliferation and metastasis partly through EMT process. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 472:115-123. [PMID: 32567032 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03790-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the functional role of miR-550a-3 and its direct target nuclear factor IC (NFIC) in esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) cells were explored. Differential expression of miR-550a-3 in ESCC tissues was acquired from TCGA database, and Kaplan-Meier method was used to determine the relationship between miR-550a-3 expression and survival time of ESCC patients. Expression level of miR-550a-3 in several ESCC cell lines was measured by qRT-PCR. Two cell lines including Eca109 and JAR were used to perform proliferation, cloning, invasion and migration experiments. Targeted relationship between miR-550a-3 and NFIC was speculated by predication software and confirmed by dual luciferase assay. Additionally, potential relationship between miR-550a-3 and NFIC was analyzed by Spearman rank correlation analysis and western blot. Rescue assays were performed to explore the function of miR-550a-3/NFIC in ESCC cells biological behaviors. Expression levels of key proteins involved in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process were determined by western blot. By consulting TCGA database, we found that high expression of miR-550a-3 was positively connected with the poor prognosis of patients with ESCC. In addition, overexpression of miR-550a-3 promoted the proliferation, colony formation and metastasis of ESCC cells. Moreover, rescue assays revealed that overexpression of NFIC attenuated the promoting effects of miR-550a-3 on ESCC cells malignant behaviors. While the promoting effects of miR-550a-3 on EMT process were inhibited by NFIC. Our results illustrate the importance of miR-550a-3/NFIC in regulation of ESCC cells growth and metastasis, which could contribute to developing novel target for early diagnosis or neoteric therapeutic target for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqing Wang
- Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No.467, Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoyu Shi
- Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Shanbin Wu
- Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No.467, Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
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22
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Zhang X, Wang L, Li H, Zhang L, Zheng X, Cheng W. Crosstalk between noncoding RNAs and ferroptosis: new dawn for overcoming cancer progression. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:580. [PMID: 32709863 PMCID: PMC7381619 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02772-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer progression including proliferation, metastasis, and chemoresistance has become a serious hindrance to cancer therapy. This phenomenon mainly derives from the innate insensitive or acquired resistance of cancer cells to apoptosis. Ferroptosis is a newly discovered mechanism of programmed cell death characterized by peroxidation of the lipid membrane induced by reactive oxygen species. Ferroptosis has been confirmed to eliminate cancer cells in an apoptosis-independent manner, however, the specific regulatory mechanism of ferroptosis is still unknown. The use of ferroptosis for overcoming cancer progression is limited. Noncoding RNAs have been found to play an important roles in cancer. They regulate gene expression to affect biological processes of cancer cells such as proliferation, cell cycle, and cell death. Thus far, the functions of ncRNAs in ferroptosis of cancer cells have been examined, and the specific mechanisms by which noncoding RNAs regulate ferroptosis have been partially discovered. However, there is no summary of ferroptosis associated noncoding RNAs and their functions in different cancer types. In this review, we discuss the roles of ferroptosis-associated noncoding RNAs in detail. Moreover, future work regarding the interaction between noncoding RNAs and ferroptosis is proposed, the possible obstacles are predicted and associated solutions are put forward. This review will deepen our understanding of the relationship between noncoding RNAs and ferroptosis, and provide new insights in targeting noncoding RNAs in ferroptosis associated therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Zhang
- Department of Ultrasonography, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, 150040, Harbin, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Department of Ultrasonography, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, 150040, Harbin, China
| | - Haixia Li
- Department of Ultrasonography, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, 150040, Harbin, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Ultrasonography, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, 150040, Harbin, China.
| | - Xiulan Zheng
- Department of Ultrasonography, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, 150040, Harbin, China.
| | - Wen Cheng
- Department of Ultrasonography, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, 150040, Harbin, China.
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23
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MiR-148a inhibits the proliferation and migration of glioblastoma by targeting ITGA9. Hum Cell 2019; 32:548-556. [DOI: 10.1007/s13577-019-00279-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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24
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Desai A, Sandhu S, Lai JP, Sandhu DS. Hepatocellular carcinoma in non-cirrhotic liver: A comprehensive review. World J Hepatol 2019; 11:1-18. [PMID: 30705715 PMCID: PMC6354117 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v11.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer, which in turns accounts for the sixth most common cancer worldwide. Despite being the 6th most common cancer it is the second leading cause of cancer related deaths. HCC typically arises in the background of cirrhosis, however, about 20% of cases can develop in a non-cirrhotic liver. This particular subgroup of HCC generally presents at an advanced stage as surveillance is not performed in a non-cirrhotic liver. HCC in non-cirrhotic patients is clinically silent in its early stages because of lack of symptoms and surveillance imaging; and higher hepatic reserve in this population. Interestingly, F3 fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infections are associated with high risk of developing HCC. Even though considerable progress has been made in the management of this entity, there is a dire need for implementation of surveillance strategies in the patient population at risk, to decrease the disease burden at presentation and improve the prognosis of these patients. This comprehensive review details the epidemiology, risk factors, clinical features, diagnosis and management of HCC in non-cirrhotic patients and provides future directions for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aakash Desai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44109, United States
| | - Sonia Sandhu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cleveland Clinic/Akron General Medical Center, Akron, OH 44307, United States
| | - Jin-Ping Lai
- Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainsville, FL 32611, United States
| | - Dalbir Singh Sandhu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Case Western Reserve University/MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44109, the United States
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Huang Y, Cai Y, Huang R, Zheng X. Rosmarinic Acid Combined with Adriamycin Induces Apoptosis by Triggering Mitochondria-Mediated Signaling Pathway in HepG2 and Bel-7402 Cells. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:7898-7908. [PMID: 30391993 PMCID: PMC6232952 DOI: 10.12659/msm.910673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic carcinoma is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-tumor effects of rosmarinic acid (RosA) combined with Adriamycin (ADM) on proliferation and apoptosis of hepatic carcinoma cell lines. MATERIAL AND METHODS Human HepG2 and Bel-7402 cells were treated with RosA and ADM and divided into HepG2 or Bel-7402, 25 μg/ml, 50 μg/m, and 100 μg/ml RosA+0.4 μg/ml ADM groups, respectively. The Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to evaluate cell viability. Immunohistochemistry assay was used to examine B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2-associated X (Bax) expression. Cell cycle analysis was used to detect cell cycle distribution. Flow cytometry and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated d-UTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay were utilized to evaluate apoptosis. RESULTS RosA combined with ADM damaged cell morphology and decreased cell viability, and significantly decreased S-phase cell numbers compared to the HepG2 or Bel-7402 group (p<0.05). Apoptosis rates in the RosA combined with ADM group were significantly increased compared to the HepG2 or Bel-7402 group (p<0.05). TUNEL assay showed that RosA combined with ADM significantly induced DNA damage (TUNEL-positive staining) in the HepG2 and Bel-7402 groups (p<0.05). RosA combined with ADM significantly reduced Bcl-2 expression in HepG2 or Bel-7402 cells (p<0.05). RosA combined with ADM significantly increased Bax expression in HepG2 and Bel-7402 cells (p<0.05). Cell viability, apoptosis, cell cycle, and Bcl-2 and Bax expression were changed with increased concentrations of RosA. CONCLUSIONS RosA combined with ADM damaged tumor cell morphologies, decreased cell viability, and induced apoptosis of HepG2 and Bel-7402 by triggering the mitochondria-mediated signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youxia Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Quanzhou Medical College, Quanzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Yingjian Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University 2 Clinical Medical College, Quanzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Ronggui Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Fujian Medical University 2 Clinical Medical College, Quanzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Xingzhong Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, Fujian Medical University 2 Clinical Medical College, Quanzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
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Lou Z, Gong YQ, Zhou X, Hu GH. Low expression of miR-199 in hepatocellular carcinoma contributes to tumor cell hyper-proliferation by negatively suppressing XBP1. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:6531-6539. [PMID: 30405792 PMCID: PMC6202493 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, and microRNAs (miRs) are considered to serve important functions in the pathogenesis of HCC by regulating the expression of specific target genes. The present study was conducted to investigate the role of miR-199 and its putative target X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) in HCC, as well as of the downstream gene cyclin D. The expression levels of miR-199, XBP1 and cyclin D were detected in clinical HCC specimens. The effect of miR-199 on the regulation of HCC cell proliferation and its underlying mechanism were examined in Hep3B2.1–7 cells, through expression assays and measurement of cell proliferation (via Cell Counting Kit-8, and 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine and DAPI double-staining assays) coupled with gain- and lose- of function experiments. The expression of XBP1 and cyclin D was significantly increased in HCC tissues when compared with adjacent non-HCC tissues, while the expression of miR-199 was decreased. Exogenous miR-199 significantly suppressed the expression of XBP1 and cyclin D in Hep3B2.1–7 cells. However, the expression of XBP1 and cyclin D significantly increased on treatment with miR-199 inhibitor. Consistently, Hep3B2.1–7 cells co-transfected with a wild type reporter plasmid [XBP1-3′untranslated region (UTR)-WT] and exogenous miR-199 exhibited lower relative luciferase enzyme activity than cells co-transfected with negative control miRNA and XBP1-3′UTR-WT, while cells co-transfected with mutated plasmid (XBP1-3′UTR-MU) and miR-199 exhibited no change. It was further observed that knockdown of XBP1 by small interfering RNA significantly decreased the expression of cyclin D in Hep3B2.1–7 cells. Additionally, exogenous miR-199 decreased the proliferation of Hep3B2.1–7 cells, which was contrary to the effect of miR-199 inhibitor. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that miR-199 negatively regulated the expression of XBP1 by directly binding to its 3′UTR and that XBP1 impacted cyclin D expression, which was associated with the cell cycle regulation in Hep3B2.1–7 cells. These findings suggested that a miR-199/XBP1/cyclin D axis may serve an important role in the pathogenesis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Lou
- Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Hunan Oriented Fundamental and Applied Research of Innovative Pharmaceutics, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan 410219, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Qiang Gong
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Digestive Surgery of Changsha, Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410006, P.R. China
| | - Xing Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Digestive Surgery of Changsha, Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410006, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Huang Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Digestive Surgery of Changsha, Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410006, P.R. China
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An Y, Gao S, Zhao WC, Qiu BA, Xia NX, Zhang PJ, Fan ZP. Novel serum microRNAs panel on the diagnostic and prognostic implications of hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:2596-2604. [PMID: 29962816 PMCID: PMC6021775 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i24.2596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine a panel of serum microRNAs (miRNAs) that could be used as novel biomarkers for diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
METHODS We initially screened 9 out of 754 serum miRNAs by TaqMan Low Density Array in two pooled samples respectively from 35 HCC and 35 normal controls, and then validated individually by RT-qPCR in another 114 patients and 114 controls arranged in two phases. The changes of the selected miRNAs after operation and their prognostic value were examined.
RESULTS miR-375, miR-10a, miR-122 and miR-423 were found to be significantly higher in HCC than in controls (P < 0.0001), and the area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve for the 4-miRNA panel was 0.995 (95%CI: 0.985-1). All the four miRNAs were significantly reduced after surgical removal of the tumors (P < 0.0001), while still higher than normal controls (at least P < 0.05)
CONCLUSION The four serum miRNAs (miR-375, miR-10a, miR-122 and miR-423) could potentially serve as novel biomarkers for the diagnostic and prognostic of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang An
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgey, Navy General Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Song Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Interventional Therapy Department, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Wen-Chao Zhao
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgey, Navy General Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Bao-An Qiu
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgey, Navy General Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Nian-Xin Xia
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgey, Navy General Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Peng-Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Interventional Therapy Department, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Zhen-Ping Fan
- The Liver Disease Center for Cadre Medical Care, Beijing 302 Military Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
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Adar T, Ilan Y, Elstein D, Zimran A. Liver involvement in Gaucher disease – Review and clinical approach. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2018; 68:66-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Liang L, Zeng JH, Wang JY, He RQ, Ma J, Chen G, Cai XY, Hu XH. Down-regulation of miR-26a-5p in hepatocellular carcinoma: A qRT-PCR and bioinformatics study. Pathol Res Pract 2017; 213:1494-1509. [PMID: 29113686 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To practically verify the clinical value of miR-26a-5p and thoroughly explore its target genes as well as its potential functions in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS HCC and adjacent non-cancerous hepatic tissues of 95 HCC patients were collected for analysis using reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). For the bioinformatics analysis, we identified potential target genes for miR-26a-5p from differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data sets and miRWalk predicted database. Gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analyses were applied to analyze the prospective mechanisms of the predicted target genes. RESULTS MiR-26a-5p showed a significantly lower expression level in HCC tissues (1.56±1.07) than adjacent benign liver tissues (2.28±1.06, P<0.001). The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was 0.665 (95% CI: 0.588-0.743, P<0.001). Significant correlations between miR-26a-5p expression and clinicopathological features such as gender (r=0.275, P<0.01), clinical TNM stage (r=-0.306, P<0.01), and metastasis (r=-0.321, P<0.01) were observed. To examine potential target genes, we obtained 175 genes for further function analysis, by attaining the intersection of 2062 up-regulated DEGs and 1390 online-predicted target genes. The GO and KEGG pathway annotation indicated focal adhesion, regulation of actin cytoskeleton and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway as significant prospective mechanisms. The PPI network indicated that NRAS was the most essential hub gene in the whole network. CONCLUSION Down-regulated miR-26a-5p was closely correlated with the status of metastasis and the progression of HCC. MiR-26a-5p might play protective roles by targeting diverse genes and pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Liang
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, PR China
| | - Jiang-Hui Zeng
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, PR China
| | - Jie-Yu Wang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, PR China
| | - Rong-Quan He
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, PR China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, PR China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, PR China
| | - Xiao-Yong Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Hua Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, PR China.
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Chen XY, Dou YX, Luo DD, Zhang ZB, Li CL, Zeng HF, Su ZR, Xie JH, Lai XP, Li YC. β-Patchoulene from patchouli oil protects against LPS-induced acute lung injury via suppressing NF-κB and activating Nrf2 pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 50:270-278. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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31
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Wang Y. The inhibition of microRNA-15a suppresses hepatitis B virus-associated liver cancer cell growth through the Smad/TGF-β pathway. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:3520-3526. [PMID: 28498453 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the role of microRNA‑15a (miR‑15a) was investigated in hepatitis B virus (HBV)‑associated liver cancer. The results revealed that the expression levels of miR-15a were increased in HBV-associated liver cancer tissues compared with the levels in normal tumor‑adjacent tissues. Moreover, Smad-7 protein expression in patients with HBV-associated liver cancer was higher than that in normal tumor-adjacent tissues. In addition, miR-15a expression and Smad-7 protein expression were increased in HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells compared with that noted in L-02 normal hepatocytes. In HepG2 cells, miR-15a inhibition suppressed cell proliferation and increased Smad-7 protein expression. The inhibition of miR-15a was also demonstrated to decrease transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 protein expression and Smad-2, p-Smad-2 and Smad-4 expression levels in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, FSP1 protein expression and caspase-3/-7 activities were enhanced by miR-15a inhibition in HepG2 cells compared with the control group. Treatment with recombinant TGF-β1 was demonstrated to activate Smad‑2/-4 and FSP1 protein expression and increase caspase-3/-7 activity in HepG2 cells. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that the miR-15a/Smad-7/TGF-β pathway is important in HBV-associated liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Binzhou Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Hospital, Huimin, Binzhou, Shandong 251700, P.R. China
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32
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Rostoker G, Vaziri ND. Impact of iatrogenic iron overload on the course of hepatitis C in the dialysis population: A plea for caution. Hemodial Int 2017; 21 Suppl 1:S68-S77. [PMID: 28332306 DOI: 10.1111/hdi.12557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
About 2.5% of the world population, corresponding to about 177 million individuals, are infected by hepatitis C virus (HCV), a small, single-stranded RNA virus. The prevalence of HCV infection among dialysis patients in Japan, Europe, and North America during the 2012 to 2015 period was found to be 8.7% in the DOPPS study. Nosocomial HCV spread in hemodialysis facilities still occurs. Increased hepatic tissue iron has been shown to play a deleterious role in the course of hepatitis C, favor development of fibrosis and cirrhosis and possibly increase the risk of liver cancer in the general population. Regular loss of blood in the hemodialysis circuit, in routine blood sampling for laboratory tests (for uremia monitoring), and in gut due to uremic enteropathy, invariably results in iron deficiency for which patients are commonly treated with intravenous (IV) iron preparations. Data on the effects of IV iron in hemodialysis patients with hepatitis C are limited (2 studies) and strongly suggest that parenteral iron may contribute to hepatocellular injury. Iatrogenic iron overload is extremely prevalent among hemodialysis population worldwide. Iron overload and toxicity has emerged as one of the most controversial topic in the management of anemia in dialysis patients. Given the known impact of iron in promoting growth and virulence of HCV and the associated liver disease, it is necessary to use iron therapy cautiously and closely monitor plasma markers of iron metabolism and liver iron stores non-invasively by means of MRI to avoid iron overload in this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Rostoker
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Hôpital Privé Claude Galien, Ramsay-Générale de Santé, Quincy sous Sénart, France
| | - Nosratola D Vaziri
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
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33
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Qiu GP, Liu J. MicroRNA Gene Polymorphisms in Evaluating Therapeutic Efficacy After Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization for Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2016; 20:579-586. [PMID: 27525669 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2016.0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the value of microRNA (miR) gene polymorphisms in evaluating the efficacy of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) in primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 507 patients with primary HCC were enrolled at our hospital from August 2010 to December 2014. All of them received TACE and were divided into either an effective treatment group (237 cases), or an ineffective group (270 cases) according to the treatment efficacy. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to genotype the single-nucleotide polymorphisms of miR-196a2 rs11614913, miR-146a rs2910164, miR-499a rs3746444, and miR-149 rs2292832, and the genotypes and allele frequencies between the two groups were compared. RESULTS The frequencies of the CC genotype of miR-196a2 (rs11614913) and the GG genotype of miR-499a (rs3746444) were significantly higher in the ineffective group than in the effective group (both p < 0.05). For miR-196a2 (rs11614913), the overall survival (OS) of patients with the TT genotype was higher than patients with the CT+CC genotypes (p < 0.05); for miR-499a (rs3746444), the OS of patients with the AA genotype was higher than patients with the AG+GG genotypes (p < 0.05). MiR-196a2 rs11614913, miR-499a rs3746444, hepatitis B surface antigen (HbsAg), hepatitis B history, and Child-Pugh classification were independent prognostic factors for OS (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSION MiR-196a2 rs11614913 and miR-499a rs3746444 were significantly associated with a curative effect and a positive prognosis of TACE for primary HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Ping Qiu
- Department of Intervention, Ningbo No.2 Hospital , Ningbo, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Intervention, Ningbo No.2 Hospital , Ningbo, China
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Zhou S, Ye W, Zhang Y, Yu D, Shao Q, Liang J, Zhang M. miR-144 reverses chemoresistance of hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines by targeting Nrf2-dependent antioxidant pathway. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8:2992-3002. [PMID: 27508019 PMCID: PMC4969435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide. Chemoresistance occurrence is a major cause of treatment failure in HCC. Currently, extensive research has revealed diverse mechanisms for chemoresistance, but the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of miRNAs in resistance to 5-FU are not confirmed in HCC cells. By quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis, we found that miR-144 was significantly decreased in HCC cell lines. It has been further demonstrated that miR-144 were significantly down-regulated in Bel-7402/5-FU cells compared with parental Bel-7402 cells by qRT-PCR and western blot. The expression of Nrf2 was reversely correlated to that of miR-144 in HCC cells. Moreover, Enhancement of 5-FU-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis are resulted from the transfection with miR-144 mimics in Bel-7402/5-FU cells. Mechanically, miR-144 promoted nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) mRNA degradation by directly targeting the Nrf2 3'untranslated region (3'UTR). In addition, ectopic expression of miR-144 in Bel-7402/5-FU cells reduced the levels of Nrf2 and inhibited the transcription of Nrf2-dependent HO-1 gene, thus contributing to 5-FU sensibilization. Conversely, re-expression of Nrf2 partly attenuated the chemosensibilization of miR-144. Our study showed that miR-144 serves as a potential chemoresistance-reversal agent in hepatocellular carcinoma cells, which is at least partly due to the down-regulation of Nrf2-dependent antioxidant pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suna Zhou
- Department of Radiotherapy, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenguang Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dequan Yu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiuju Shao
- Department of Radiotherapy, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jun Liang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mingxin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an, Shaanxi, China
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Mahgoub A, Steer CJ. MicroRNAs in the Evaluation and Potential Treatment of Liver Diseases. J Clin Med 2016; 5:E52. [PMID: 27171116 PMCID: PMC4882481 DOI: 10.3390/jcm5050052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute and chronic liver disease continue to result in significant morbidity and mortality of patients, along with increasing burden on their families, society and the health care system. This in part is due to increased incidence of liver disease associated factors such as metabolic syndrome; improved survival of patients with chronic predisposing conditions such as HIV; as well as advances in the field of transplantation and associated care leading to improved survival. The fact that one disease can result in different manifestations and outcomes highlights the need for improved understanding of not just genetic phenomenon predisposing to a condition, but additionally the role of epigenetic and environmental factors leading to the phenotype of the disease. It is not surprising that providers continue to face daily challenges pertaining to diagnostic accuracy, prognostication of disease severity, progression, and response to therapies. A number of these challenges can be addressed by incorporating a personalized approach of management to the current paradigm of care. Recent advances in the fields of molecular biology and genetics have paved the way to more accurate, individualized and precise approach to caring for liver disease. The study of microRNAs and their role in both healthy and diseased livers is one example of such advances. As these small, non-coding RNAs work on fine-tuning of cellular activities and organ function in a dynamic and precise fashion, they provide us a golden opportunity to advance the field of hepatology. The study of microRNAs in liver disease promises tremendous improvement in hepatology and is likely to lay the foundation towards a personalized approach in liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar Mahgoub
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Minnesota Medical School, Veterans of Foreign Wars Cancer Research Center, 406 Harvard Street, S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Clifford J Steer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Minnesota Medical School, Veterans of Foreign Wars Cancer Research Center, 406 Harvard Street, S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota Medical School, Veterans of Foreign Wars Cancer Research Center, 406 Harvard Street, S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Chen J, Zhang K, Xu Y, Gao Y, Li C, Wang R, Chen L. The role of microRNA-26a in human cancer progression and clinical application. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:7095-108. [PMID: 27039398 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5017-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs, a class of endogenous, small (18-25 nucleotides) noncoding RNAs, regulate gene expression by directly binding to the 3'-untranslated regions of target messenger RNAs. Evidence has shown that alteration of microRNAs is involved in cancer initial and progression. MicroRNA-26a is commonly dysregulated in diverse cancers and is involved in various biological processes, including proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and metabolism by targeting multiple mRNAs. This review summarizes current research on the physiology and pathological functions of miR-26a and its applications for clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 Zhong Shan Road East, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 Zhong Shan Road East, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuejuan Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanping Gao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 Zhong Shan Road East, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 Zhong Shan Road East, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 Zhong Shan Road East, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Longbang Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 Zhong Shan Road East, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
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Liese J, Peveling-Oberhag J, Doering C, Schnitzbauer AA, Herrmann E, Zangos S, Hansmann ML, Moench C, Welker MW, Zeuzem S, Bechstein WO, Ulrich F. A possible role of microRNAs as predictive markers for the recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation. Transpl Int 2016; 29:369-80. [PMID: 26697811 DOI: 10.1111/tri.12733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
With favourable 5-year survival rates up to 75%, liver transplantation (LT) is the treatment of choice for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Nonetheless, tumour recurrence after LT remains a challenge. The aim of this retrospective study was to develop a predictive score for tumour recurrence after LT by combining clinical parameters with HCC biomarkers (microRNA). A microRNA (miRNA) microarray analysis was used to compare miRNA expression patterns in tissue samples of 40 patients with and without HCC recurrence after LT. In a screening cohort (n = 18), the miRNA analysis identified significant differences in the expression of 13 miRNAs in patients with tumour recurrence. Using the most significant miRNAs in this screening cohort, we could develop a predictive score, which combined the expression levels of miR-214, miR-3187 and the Milan criteria, and we could define low- and high-risk groups for tumour recurrence and death. The above score was evaluated in a second and independent cohort (n = 22). In contrast to the Milan criteria alone, this score was significantly associated with tumour recurrence. Our analysis indicated that the use of a specific miRNA expression pattern in combination with a limited tumour burden as defined by the Milan criteria may lead to a more accurate prediction of tumour recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Liese
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jan Peveling-Oberhag
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Claudia Doering
- Dr Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas A Schnitzbauer
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Eva Herrmann
- Institute of Biostatistics and Mathematical Modelling, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stephan Zangos
- Center of Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Martin L Hansmann
- Dr Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christian Moench
- General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Westpfalz Klinikum, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Martin W Welker
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stefan Zeuzem
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Wolf O Bechstein
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Frank Ulrich
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,General and Visceral Surgery, Klinikum Wetzlar, Germany
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Xu J, Zhao Y. Comparison of percutaneous microwave ablation and laparoscopic resection in the prognosis of liver cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:11665-11669. [PMID: 26617907 PMCID: PMC4637723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The effect of percutaneous microwave ablation and laparoscopic resection on the prognosis of liver cancer was investigated. Ninety patients with liver cancer treated at our hospital from March 2010 to March 2012 were divided into group A and group B (n=45) by using a random number table, and the surgical conditions and the prognosis were compared. The surgical conditions of patients in group A were significantly better than those in group B (P<0.05). The incidence of complications in group A was 6.67%, which was obviously lower than that of group B (P<0.05). The local recurrence rate of group A was 20.00%, and that of group B was 8.89%, which showed a significant difference (P<0.05). The two groups did not differ significantly in terms of either total recurrence rate (P>0.05) or 1-year, 2-year and 3-year survival (P>0.05). Both percutaneous microwave ablation and laparoscopic resection had a good long-term efficacy in liver cancer. However, percutaneous microwave ablation was superior as it caused less invasiveness, reduced the incidence of complications and improved prognosis of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Xu
- Department of Ultrasound, Cangzhou Central HospitalHebei, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Cangzhou Central HospitalHebei, China
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Osaki Y, Nishikawa H. Treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma in Japan over the last three decades: Our experience and published work review. Hepatol Res 2015; 45:59-74. [PMID: 24965914 PMCID: PMC4313689 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. In the last few decades, there has been a marked increase in therapeutic options for HCC and epidemiological characteristics at HCC diagnosis have also significantly changed. With these changes and advances in medical technology and surveillance program for detecting earlier stage HCC, survival in patients with HCC has significantly improved. Especially, patients with liver cirrhosis are at high risk of HCC development, and regular surveillance could enable early detection of HCC and curative therapy, with potentially improved clinical outcome. However, unfortunately, only 20% of HCC patients are amenable to curative therapy (liver transplantation, surgical resection or ablative therapies). Locoregional therapies such as radiofrequency ablation, percutaneous ethanol injection, microwave coagulation therapy and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization play a key role in the management of unresectable HCC. Currently, molecular-targeted agents such as sorafenib have emerged as a promising therapy for advanced HCC. The choice of the treatment modality depends on the size of the tumor, tumor location, anatomical considerations, number of tumors present and liver function. Furthermore, new promising therapies such as gene therapy and immunotherapy for HCC have emerged. Approaches to the HCC diagnosis and adequate management for patients with HCC are improving survival. Herein, we review changes of epidemiological characteristics, prognosis and therapies for HCC and refer to current knowledge for this malignancy based on our experience of approximately 4000 HCC cases over the last three decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukio Osaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka Red Cross HospitalOsaka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nishikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka Red Cross HospitalOsaka, Japan
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Zhao J, Greene CM, Gray SG, Lawless MW. Long noncoding RNAs in liver cancer: what we know in 2014. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2014; 18:1207-18. [PMID: 25145388 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2014.941285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of primary liver cancer with an estimated over half a million new cases diagnosed annually. Due to the difficulty in early diagnosis and lack of effective treatment options, HCC is currently ranked as the second highest neoplastic-related mortality in the world, with an extremely low 5-year survival rate of between 6 and 11%. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), are genes lacking protein coding ability, have recently emerged as pivotal participants in biological processes, often dysregulated in a range of cancers, including HCC. AREAS COVERED In this review, we highlight the recent findings of lncRNAs in HCC pathogenesis, with particular attention on epigenetic events. In silico analysis was utilized to emphasize intrinsic linkages within the ncRNA families associated with hepatocarcinogenesis. EXPERT OPINION While our understanding of lncRNAs in the onset and progression of HCC is still in its infancy, there is no doubt that understanding the activities of ncRNAs will certainly secure strong biomarkers and improve treatment options for HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhao
- Experimental Medicine, UCD School of Medicine and Medical Science, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Catherine McAuley Centre, Nelson Street , Dublin 7 , Ireland
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Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the major malignant tumors in the world today. The number of new cases of the tumor increases year by year, and hepatocellular carcinoma almost always runs a fulminant course and carries an especially grave prognosis. It has a low resectability rate and a high recurrence rate after surgical intervention, and responds poorly to anticancer drugs and radiotherapy. Hepatocellular carcinoma does not have a uniform geographical distribution: rather, very high incidences occur in Eastern and Southeastern Asia and in sub-Saharan Black Africans. In these regions and populations, the tumor shows a distinct shift in age distribution toward the younger ages, seen to greatest extent in sub-Saharan Black Africans. In all populations, males are more commonly affected. The most common risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma in resource-poor populations with a high incidence of the tumor are chronic hepatitis B virus infection and dietary exposure to the fungal hepatocarcinogen aflatoxin B1. These two causative agents act either singly or synergistically. Both the viral infection and exposure to the fungus occur from early childhood, and the tumor typically presents at an early age. Chronic hepatitis C virus infection is an important cause of hepatocellular carcinoma in resource-rich countries with a low incidence of the tumor. The infection is acquired in adulthood and hepatocellular carcinoma occurs later than it does with hepatitis B virus-induced tumors. In recent years, obesity and the metabolic syndrome have increased markedly in incidence and importance as a cause of hepatocellular carcinoma in some resource-rich regions. Chronic alcohol abuse remains an important risk factor for malignant transformation of hepatocytes, frequently in association with alcohol-induced cirrhosis. Excessive iron accumulation in hereditary hemochromatosis and dietary iron overload in the Black African population and membranous obstruction of the inferior cava cause the tumor in a few countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Kew
- Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Sun D, Qin L, Xu Y, Liu JX, Tian LP, Qian HX. Influence of adriamycin on changes in Nanog, Oct-4, Sox2, ARID1 and Wnt5b expression in liver cancer stem cells. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:6974-6980. [PMID: 24944491 PMCID: PMC4051940 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i22.6974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To determine the influence of Adriamycin (ADM) on the changes in Nanog, Oct4, Sox2, as well as, in ARID1 and Wnt5b expression in liver cancer stem cells.
METHODS: The MHCC97-L and HCCLM3 liver cancer cell lines were selected as the cell models in this study, and were routinely cultured. The 50% lethal dose (LD50) in the cell lines was detected by the MTT assay. Expression changes in liver cancer stem cell related genes (Nanog, Oct-4, Sox2, ARID1, and Wnt5b) were detected by western blot following treatment with ADM (LD50).
RESULTS: The LD50 of ADM in MHCC97-L cells was lower than that in HCCLM3 cells (0.4123 ± 0.0236 μmol/L vs 0.5259 ± 0.0125 μmol/L, P < 0.05). Wnt5b and Nanog were expressed in both MHCC97-L and HCCLM3 cells, while only Sox2 was expressed in HCCLM3 cells. However, neither ARID1A nor Oct4 was detected in these two cell lines. Genes, related to the stem cells, showed different expression in liver cancer cells with different metastatic potential following treatment with ADM (LD50). Wnt5b protein increased gradually within 4 h of ADM (LD50) treatment, while Nanog decreased (P < 0.05). After 12 h, Wnt5b decreased gradually, while Nanog increased steadily (P < 0.05). In addition, only Sox2 was expressed in HCCLM3 cells with high metastatic potential following ADM (LD50) treatment. The expression of Sox2 increased gradually with ADM (LD50) in HCCLM3 cells (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: ADM increased the death rate of MHCC97-L and HCCLM3 cells, while the growth suppressive effect of ADM was higher in MHCC97-L cells than in HCCLM3 cells.
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Abstract
In recent years it has become increasingly evident that excess body iron may be complicated by the supervention of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) was the first condition in which hepatic iron overload was shown to predispose to the development of HCC. The inherited predisposition to excessive absorption of dietary iron in HH is almost always the result of homozygosity of the C282Y mutation of the HFE gene, which causes inappropriately low secretion of hepcidin. HCC develops in 8-10% of patients with HH and is responsible for approximately 45% of deaths in the HCC patients. Cirrhosis is almost always present when HCC is diagnosed. Dietary iron overload is a condition which occurs in rural-dwelling Black Africans in southern Africa as a result of the consumption, over time, of large volumes of alcohol home-brewed in iron containers and having, as a consequence, a high iron content. Iron loading of the liver results and may be complicated by malignant transformation of the liver (relative risk of approximately 10.0). Accompanying cirrhosis does occur but is less common than that in HH. The development of HCC as a consequence of increased dietary iron, and the fact that it may develop in the absence of cirrhosis, has been confirmed in an animal model. Drinking water with a high iron content might contribute to the high incidence of HCC in parts of Taiwan. The metabolic syndrome [obesity, insulin resistance type 2 (or diabetes mellitus type 2), non-alcoholic fatty liver or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis] has in recent years become a major public health problem in some resource-rich countries. A link between excess body iron and insulin resistance or the metabolic syndrome has become apparent. The metabolic syndrome may be complicated by the supervention of HCC, and recent evidence suggests that increased body iron may contribute to this complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C. Kew
- Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Africa
- Department of Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Zhao J, Lawless MW. Stop feeding cancer: pro-inflammatory role of visceral adiposity in liver cancer. Cytokine 2013; 64:626-37. [PMID: 24120848 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2013.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Liver cancer is the fifth most common cancer in the world with an estimated over half a million new cases diagnosed every year. Due to the difficulty in early diagnosis and lack of treatment options, the prevalence of liver cancer continues to climb with a 5-year survival rate of between 6% and 11%. Coinciding with the rise of liver cancer, the prevalence of obesity has rapidly increased over the past two decades. Evidence from epidemiological studies demonstrates a higher risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in obese individuals. Obesity is recognised as a low-grade inflammatory disease, this is of particular relevance as inflammation has been proposed as the seventh hallmark of cancer development with abdominal visceral adiposity considered as an important source of pro-inflammatory stimuli. Emerging evidence points towards the direct role of visceral adipose tissue rather than generalised body fat in carcinogenesis. Cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α secreted from visceral adipose tissue have been demonstrated to induce a chronic inflammatory condition predisposing the liver to a protumourigenic milieu. This review focuses on excess visceral adiposity rather than simple obesity; particularly adipokines and their implications for chronic inflammation, lipid accumulation, insulin resistance, Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress and angiogenesis. Evidence of molecular signalling pathways that may give rise to the onset and progression of HCC in this context are depicted. Delineation of the pro-inflammatory role of visceral adiposity in liver cancer and its targeting will provide better rational and therapeutic approaches for HCC prevention and elimination. The concept of a central role for metabolism in cancer is the culmination of an effort that began with one of the 20th century's leading biochemists and Nobel laureate of 1931, Otto Warburg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhao
- Experimental Medicine, UCD School of Medicine and Medical Science, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin 7, Ireland
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