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Manjarres Z, Calvo M, Pacheco R. Regulation of Pain Perception by Microbiota in Parkinson Disease. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 76:7-36. [PMID: 37863655 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.122.000674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pain perception involves current stimulation in peripheral nociceptive nerves and the subsequent stimulation of postsynaptic excitatory neurons in the spinal cord. Importantly, in chronic pain, the neural activity of both peripheral nociceptors and postsynaptic neurons in the central nervous system is influenced by several inflammatory mediators produced by the immune system. Growing evidence has indicated that the commensal microbiota plays an active role in regulating pain perception by either acting directly on nociceptors or indirectly through the modulation of the inflammatory activity on immune cells. This symbiotic relationship is mediated by soluble bacterial mediators or intrinsic structural components of bacteria that act on eukaryotic cells, including neurons, microglia, astrocytes, macrophages, T cells, enterochromaffin cells, and enteric glial cells. The molecular mechanisms involve bacterial molecules that act directly on neurons, affecting their excitability, or indirectly on non-neuronal cells, inducing changes in the production of proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory mediators. Importantly, Parkinson disease, a neurodegenerative and inflammatory disorder that affects mainly the dopaminergic neurons implicated in the control of voluntary movements, involves not only a motor decline but also nonmotor symptomatology, including chronic pain. Of note, several recent studies have shown that Parkinson disease involves a dysbiosis in the composition of the gut microbiota. In this review, we first summarize, integrate, and classify the molecular mechanisms implicated in the microbiota-mediated regulation of chronic pain. Second, we analyze the changes on the commensal microbiota associated to Parkinson disease and propose how these changes affect the development of chronic pain in this pathology. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The microbiota regulates chronic pain through the action of bacterial signals into two main locations: the peripheral nociceptors and the postsynaptic excitatory neurons in the spinal cord. The dysbiosis associated to Parkinson disease reveals increased representation of commensals that potentially exacerbate chronic pain and reduced levels of bacteria with beneficial effects on pain. This review encourages further research to better understand the signals involved in bacteria-bacteria and bacteria-host communication to get the clues for the development of probiotics with therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulmary Manjarres
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunología, Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia Ciencia & Vida, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile (Z.M., R.P.); Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (Z.M., M.C.) and División de Anestesiología, Escuela de Medicina (M.C.), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Nucleus for the Study of Pain, Santiago, Chile (Z.M., M.C.); and Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile (R.P.)
| | - Margarita Calvo
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunología, Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia Ciencia & Vida, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile (Z.M., R.P.); Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (Z.M., M.C.) and División de Anestesiología, Escuela de Medicina (M.C.), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Nucleus for the Study of Pain, Santiago, Chile (Z.M., M.C.); and Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile (R.P.)
| | - Rodrigo Pacheco
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunología, Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia Ciencia & Vida, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile (Z.M., R.P.); Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (Z.M., M.C.) and División de Anestesiología, Escuela de Medicina (M.C.), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Nucleus for the Study of Pain, Santiago, Chile (Z.M., M.C.); and Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile (R.P.)
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Gargari G, Mantegazza G, Taverniti V, Gardana C, Valenza A, Rossignoli F, Barbaro MR, Marasco G, Cremon C, Barbara G, Guglielmetti S. Fecal short-chain fatty acids in non-constipated irritable bowel syndrome: a potential clinically relevant stratification factor based on catabotyping analysis. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2274128. [PMID: 37910479 PMCID: PMC10773536 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2274128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is believed to be a critical factor in the pathogenesis of IBS, and its metabolic byproducts, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), are known to influence gut function and host health. Despite this, the precise role of SCFAs in IBS remains a topic of debate. In this study, we examined the bacterial community structure by 16S rRNA gene profiling and SCFA levels by UPLC-MS/MS in fecal samples from healthy controls (HC; n = 100) and non-constipated patients (IBS-D and IBS-M; NC-IBS; n = 240) enrolled in 19 hospitals in Italy. Our findings suggest a significant difference between the fecal microbiomes of NC-IBS patients and HC subjects, with HC exhibiting higher intra-sample biodiversity. Furthermore, we were able to classify non-constipated patients into two distinct subgroups based on their fecal SCFA levels (fecal catabotype "high" and "low"), each characterized by unique taxonomic bacterial signatures. Our results suggest that the fecal catabotype with higher SCFA levels may represent a distinct clinical phenotype of IBS that could have implications for its diagnosis and treatment. This study provides a new perspective on the intricate relationship between the gut microbiome and bowel symptoms in IBS, underscoring the importance of personalized strategies for its management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Gargari
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Mantegazza
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Taverniti
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Gardana
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Valenza
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Rossignoli
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Raffaella Barbaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Marasco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cesare Cremon
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Barbara
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simone Guglielmetti
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Nikolaki MD, Kasti AN, Katsas K, Petsis K, Lambrinou S, Patsalidou V, Stamatopoulou S, Karlatira K, Kapolos J, Papadimitriou K, Triantafyllou K. The Low-FODMAP Diet, IBS, and BCFAs: Exploring the Positive, Negative, and Less Desirable Aspects-A Literature Review. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2387. [PMID: 37894045 PMCID: PMC10609264 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The literature about the association of branched short-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is limited. BCFAs, the bacterial products of the catabolism of branched-chain amino acids, are proposed as markers for colonic protein fermentation. IBS is a gastrointestinal disorder characterized by low-grade inflammation and intestinal dysbiosis. The low-FODMAP diet (LFD) has increasingly been applied as first-line therapy for managing IBS symptoms, although it decreases the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), well known for their anti-inflammatory action. In parallel, high protein consumption increases BCFAs. Protein fermentation alters the colonic microbiome through nitrogenous metabolites production, known for their detrimental effects on the intestinal barrier promoting inflammation. Purpose: This review aims to explore the role of BCFAs on gut inflammation in patients with IBS and the impact of LFD in BCFAs production. Methods: A literature search was carried out using a combination of terms in scientific databases. Results: The included studies have contradictory findings about how BCFAs affect the intestinal health of IBS patients. Conclusions: Although evidence suggests that BCFAs may play a protective role in gut inflammation, other metabolites of protein fermentation are associated with gut inflammation. Further research is needed in order to clarify how diet protein composition and, consequently, the BCFAs are implicated in IBS pathogenesis or in symptoms management with LFD+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maroulla D. Nikolaki
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, ATTIKON University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (M.D.N.); (A.N.K.); (K.K.); (K.P.); (V.P.); (S.S.); (K.K.)
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 72300 Crete, Greece
| | - Arezina N. Kasti
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, ATTIKON University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (M.D.N.); (A.N.K.); (K.K.); (K.P.); (V.P.); (S.S.); (K.K.)
| | - Konstantinos Katsas
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, ATTIKON University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (M.D.N.); (A.N.K.); (K.K.); (K.P.); (V.P.); (S.S.); (K.K.)
- Institute of Preventive Medicine Environmental and Occupational Health Prolepsis, 15125 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Petsis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, ATTIKON University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (M.D.N.); (A.N.K.); (K.K.); (K.P.); (V.P.); (S.S.); (K.K.)
| | - Sophia Lambrinou
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, General Hospital of Karpathos “Aghios Ioannis o Karpathios”, 85700 Karpathos, Greece;
| | - Vasiliki Patsalidou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, ATTIKON University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (M.D.N.); (A.N.K.); (K.K.); (K.P.); (V.P.); (S.S.); (K.K.)
| | - Sophia Stamatopoulou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, ATTIKON University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (M.D.N.); (A.N.K.); (K.K.); (K.P.); (V.P.); (S.S.); (K.K.)
| | - Katerina Karlatira
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, ATTIKON University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (M.D.N.); (A.N.K.); (K.K.); (K.P.); (V.P.); (S.S.); (K.K.)
| | - John Kapolos
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Peloponnese, 24100 Kalamata, Greece;
| | - Konstantinos Papadimitriou
- Laboratory of Food Quality Control and Hygiene, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece;
| | - Konstantinos Triantafyllou
- Hepatogastroenterology Unit, 2nd Department of Internal Propaedeutic Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ATTIKON University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece
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Cheng B, Sun Q, Li X, Xiao M, Wei X, Wang S. Vitamin A deficiency from maternal gestation may contribute to autistic-like behaviors and gastrointestinal dysfunction in rats through the disrupted purine and tryptophan metabolism. Behav Brain Res 2023; 452:114520. [PMID: 37268252 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) has been linked to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in multiple studies, and autistic children with gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms have been found to have lower VA levels than those without GI symptoms. However, the exact mechanism by which VAD causes both core symptoms and GI symptoms in ASD is ill defined. We constructed VAD and vitamin A normal (VAN) rat models from maternal gestation onwards. Autism-related behaviors were tested using the open-field test and the three-chamber test, and GI function was assessed with the GI transit time, the colonic transit time and fecal water content. Untargeted metabolomic analysis on the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and fecal samples was performed. VAD rats displayed autistic-like behaviors and impaired GI function compared to VAN rats. Metabolic profiles of both PFC and feces from VAD and VAN rats were significantly different. The differential metabolites in both PFC and feces between the VAN and VAD rats were mostly enriched in the purine metabolic pathway. Moreover, the most significantly affected metabolic pathway in PFC of VAD rats was the phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis pathway, and the most remarkably altered metabolic pathway in the feces of VAD rats was the tryptophan metabolism pathway. These results indicate that VAD starting from maternal gestation might be linked to core symptoms of ASD and its GI co-occurring disorders through the purine and tryptophan-related metabolism disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boli Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China; Department of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Qunying Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China; Department of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Xinghui Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Meng Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Xiaoqin Wei
- Department of Medical Imaging, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Si Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China; Department of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China.
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5
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Kulecka M, Zeber-Lubecka N, Bałabas A, Czarnowski P, Bagińska K, Głowienka M, Kluska A, Piątkowska M, Dąbrowska M, Waker E, Mikula M, Ostrowski J. Diarrheal-associated gut dysbiosis in cancer and inflammatory bowel disease patients is exacerbated by Clostridioides difficile infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1190910. [PMID: 37577378 PMCID: PMC10413277 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1190910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Low diversity gut dysbiosis can take different forms depending on the disease context. In this study, we used shotgun metagenomic sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to compared the metagenomic and metabolomic profiles of Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile diarrheal cancer and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients and defined the additive effect of C. difficile infection (CDI) on intestinal dysbiosis. Results The study cohort consisted of 138 case-mix cancer patients, 43 IBD patients, and 45 healthy control individuals. Thirty-three patients were also infected with C. difficile. In the control group, three well-known enterotypes were identified, while the other groups presented with an additional Escherichia-driven enterotype. Bacterial diversity was significantly lower in all groups than in healthy controls, while the highest level of bacterial species richness was observed in cancer patients. Fifty-six bacterial species had abundance levels that differentiated diarrheal patient groups from the control group. Of these species, 52 and 4 (Bacteroides fragilis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Ruminococcus gnavus) were under-represented and over-represented, respectively, in all diarrheal patient groups. The relative abundances of propionate and butyrate were significantly lower in fecal samples from IBD and CDI patients than in control samples. Isobutyrate, propanate, and butyrate concentrations were lower in cancer, IBD, and CDI samples, respectively. Glycine and valine amino acids were over- represented in diarrheal patients. Conclusion Our data indicate that different external and internal factors drive comparable profiles of low diversity dysbiosis. While diarrheal-related low diversity dysbiosis may be a consequence of systemic cancer therapy, a similar phenotype is observed in cases of moderate to severe IBD, and in both cases, dysbiosis is exacerbated by incidence of CDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kulecka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Zeber-Lubecka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aneta Bałabas
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Czarnowski
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Biochemistry, Radioimmunology and Experimental Medicine, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bagińska
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Głowienka
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Kluska
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Piątkowska
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michalina Dąbrowska
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Edyta Waker
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Mikula
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Ostrowski
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
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Tuck CJ, Abu Omar A, De Palma G, Osman S, Jiménez-Vargas NN, Yu Y, Bennet SM, Lopez-Lopez C, Jaramillo-Polanco JO, Baker CC, Bennett AS, Guzman-Rodriguez M, Tsang Q, Alward T, Rolland S, Morissette C, Verdu EF, Bercik P, Vanner SJ, Lomax AE, Reed DE. Changes in signalling from faecal neuroactive metabolites following dietary modulation of IBS pain. Gut 2022; 72:gutjnl-2022-327260. [PMID: 36591617 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-327260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dietary therapies for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) have received increasing interest but predicting which patients will benefit remains a challenge due to a lack of mechanistic insight. We recently found evidence of a role for the microbiota in dietary modulation of pain signalling in a humanised mouse model of IBS. This randomised cross-over study aimed to test the hypothesis that pain relief following reduced consumption of fermentable carbohydrates is the result of changes in luminal neuroactive metabolites. DESIGN IBS (Rome IV) participants underwent four trial periods: two non-intervention periods, followed by a diet low (LFD) and high in fermentable carbohydrates for 3 weeks each. At the end of each period, participants completed questionnaires and provided stool. The effects of faecal supernatants (FS) collected before (IBS FS) and after a LFD (LFD FS) on nociceptive afferent neurons were assessed in mice using patch-clamp and ex vivo colonic afferent nerve recording techniques. RESULTS Total IBS symptom severity score and abdominal pain were reduced by the LFD (N=25; p<0.01). Excitability of neurons was increased in response to IBS FS, but this effect was reduced (p<0.01) with LFD FS from pain-responders. IBS FS from pain-responders increased mechanosensitivity of nociceptive afferent nerve axons (p<0.001), an effect lost following LFD FS administration (p=NS) or when IBS FS was administered in the presence of antagonists of histamine receptors or protease inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS In a subset of IBS patients with improvement in abdominal pain following a LFD, there is a decrease in pronociceptive signalling from FS, suggesting that changes in luminal mediators may contribute to symptom response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline J Tuck
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amal Abu Omar
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Giada De Palma
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Samira Osman
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Yang Yu
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sean Mp Bennet
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cintya Lopez-Lopez
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Corey C Baker
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aidan Sw Bennett
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Quentin Tsang
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Taylor Alward
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sebastien Rolland
- Department of Medicine, Hopital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Celine Morissette
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elena F Verdu
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Premysl Bercik
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen J Vanner
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alan E Lomax
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - David E Reed
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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7
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Iribarren C, Nordlander S, Sundin J, Isaksson S, Savolainen O, Törnblom H, Magnusson MK, Simrén M, Öhman L. Fecal luminal factors from patients with irritable bowel syndrome induce distinct gene expression of colonoids. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2022; 34:e14390. [PMID: 35485994 PMCID: PMC9786662 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alteration of the host-microbiota cross talk at the intestinal barrier may participate in the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Therefore, we aimed to determine effects of fecal luminal factors from IBS patients on the colonic epithelium using colonoids. METHODS Colon-derived organoid monolayers, colonoids, generated from a healthy subject, underwent stimulation with fecal supernatants from healthy subjects and IBS patients with predominant diarrhea, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Cytokines in cell cultures and fecal LPS were measured by ELISA and mRNA gene expression of monolayers was analyzed using Qiagen RT2 Profiler PCR Arrays. The fecal microbiota profile was determined by the GA-map™ dysbiosis test and the fecal metabolite profile was analyzed by untargeted liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. KEY RESULTS Colonoid monolayers stimulated with fecal supernatants from healthy subjects (n = 7), PBS (n = 4) or LPS (n = 3) presented distinct gene expression profiles, with some overlap (R2 Y = 0.70, Q2 = 0.43). Addition of fecal supernatants from healthy subjects and IBS patients (n = 9) gave rise to different gene expression profiles of the colonoid monolayers (R2 Y = 0.79, Q2 = 0.64). Genes (n = 22) related to immune response (CD1D, TLR5) and barrier integrity (CLDN15, DSC2) contributed to the separation. Levels of proinflammatory cytokines in colonoid monolayer cultures were comparable when stimulated with fecal supernatants from either donor types. Fecal microbiota and metabolite profiles, but not LPS content, differed between the study groups. CONCLUSIONS Fecal luminal factors from IBS patients induce a distinct colonic epithelial gene expression, potentially reflecting the disease pathophysiology. The culture of colonoids from healthy subjects with fecal supernatants from IBS patients may facilitate the exploration of IBS related intestinal micro-environmental and barrier interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Iribarren
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyInstitute of BiomedicineSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden,Department of Molecular and Clinical MedicineInstitute of MedicineSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Sofia Nordlander
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyInstitute of BiomedicineSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden,Department of Molecular and Clinical MedicineInstitute of MedicineSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Johanna Sundin
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyInstitute of BiomedicineSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Stefan Isaksson
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyInstitute of BiomedicineSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Otto Savolainen
- Chalmers Mass Spectrometry InfrastructureDepartment of Biology and Biological EngineeringChalmers University of TechnologyGothenburgSweden
| | - Hans Törnblom
- Department of Molecular and Clinical MedicineInstitute of MedicineSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Maria K. Magnusson
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyInstitute of BiomedicineSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Magnus Simrén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical MedicineInstitute of MedicineSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden,Center for Functional GI and Motility DisordersUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Lena Öhman
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyInstitute of BiomedicineSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
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8
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Berens S, Dong Y, Fritz N, Walstab J, D'Amato M, Zheng T, Wahl V, Boekstegers F, Bermejo JL, Martinez C, Schmitteckert S, Clevers E, Engel F, Gauss A, Herzog W, Spiller R, Goebel-Stengel M, Mönnikes H, Andresen V, Thomas F, Keller J, Pehl C, Stein-Thöringer C, Clarke G, Dinan TG, Quigley EM, Sayuk G, Simrén M, Tesarz J, Rappold G, van Oudenhove L, Schaefert R, Niesler B. Serotonin type 3 receptor subunit gene polymorphisms associated with psychosomatic symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome: A multicenter retrospective study. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:2334-2349. [PMID: 35800179 PMCID: PMC9185212 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i21.2334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the serotonin type 3 receptor subunit (HTR3) genes have been associated with psychosomatic symptoms, but it is not clear whether these associations exist in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
AIM To assess the association of HTR3 polymorphisms with depressive, anxiety, and somatization symptoms in individuals with IBS.
METHODS In this retrospective study, 623 participants with IBS were recruited from five specialty centers in Germany, Sweden, the United States, the United Kingdom, and Ireland. Depressive, anxiety, and somatization symptoms and sociodemographic characteristics were collected. Four functional SNPs — HTR3A c.-42C>T, HTR3B c.386A>C, HTR3C c.489C>A, and HTR3E c.*76G>A — were genotyped and analyzed using the dominant and recessive models. We also performed separate analyses for sex and IBS subtypes. SNP scores were calculated as the number of minor alleles of the SNPs above. The impact of HTR3C c.489C>A was tested by radioligand-binding and calcium influx assays.
RESULTS Depressive and anxiety symptoms significantly worsened with increasing numbers of minor HTR3C c.489C>A alleles in the dominant model (Fdepressive = 7.475, Pdepressive = 0.006; Fanxiety = 6.535, Panxiety = 0.011). A higher SNP score (range 0-6) was linked to a worsened depressive symptoms score (F = 7.710, P-linear trend = 0.006) in IBS. The potential relevance of the HTR3C SNP was corroborated, showing changes in the expression level of 5-HT3AC variant receptors.
CONCLUSION We have provided the first evidence that HTR3C c.489C>A is involved in depressive and anxiety symptoms in individuals with IBS. The SNP score indicated that an increasing number of minor alleles is linked to the worsening of depressive symptoms in IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Berens
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Yuanjun Dong
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Nikola Fritz
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Jutta Walstab
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Mauro D'Amato
- Gastrointestinal Genetics Lab, CIC bioGUNE - BRTA, Derio 48160, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48001, Spain
- Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Tenghao Zheng
- Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Verena Wahl
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Felix Boekstegers
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Justo Lorenzo Bermejo
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Cristina Martinez
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
- Lleida Institute for Biomedical Research Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRBLleida), Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, Lleida 25198, Spain
| | - Stefanie Schmitteckert
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Egbert Clevers
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Felicitas Engel
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Annika Gauss
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Intoxications, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Herzog
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Robin Spiller
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2QL, United Kingdom
| | | | - Hubert Mönnikes
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Neurogastroenterology (H.M.), Martin-Luther-Hospital, Belin 14193, Germany
| | - Viola Andresen
- Israelitisches Krankenhaus in Hamburg, Hamburg 22297, Germany
| | - Frieling Thomas
- Internal Medicine II, Helios Klinikum Krefeld, Krefeld 47805, Germany
| | - Jutta Keller
- Israelitisches Krankenhaus Hamburg, Hamburg 22297, Ghana
| | | | | | - Gerard Clarke
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Cork T23, Ireland
| | - Timothy G Dinan
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Cork T23, Ireland
| | - Eamonn M Quigley
- Medicine in Digestive Disorders, Department of Medicine, Lynda K. and David M. Underwood Center for Digestive Disorders, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Gregory Sayuk
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, John Cochran Veteran Affairs Medical Center, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Magnus Simrén
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg SE-41685, Sweden
| | - Jonas Tesarz
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Gudrun Rappold
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Lukas van Oudenhove
- Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Lab, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03748, United States
- Laboratory for Brain-Gut Axis Studies, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism, and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Rainer Schaefert
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel CH-4031, Switzerland
| | - Beate Niesler
- Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
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9
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Depommier C, Everard A, Druart C, Maiter D, Thissen JP, Loumaye A, Hermans MP, Delzenne NM, de Vos WM, Cani PD. Serum metabolite profiling yields insights into health promoting effect of A. muciniphila in human volunteers with a metabolic syndrome. Gut Microbes 2022; 13:1994270. [PMID: 34812127 PMCID: PMC8632301 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1994270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Reduction of A. muciniphila relative abundance in the gut microbiota is a widely accepted signature associated with obesity-related metabolic disorders. Using untargeted metabolomics profiling of fasting plasma, our study aimed at identifying metabolic signatures associated with beneficial properties of alive and pasteurized A. muciniphila when administrated to a cohort of insulin-resistant individuals with metabolic syndrome. Our data highlighted either shared or specific alterations in the metabolome according to the form of A. muciniphila administered with respect to a control group. Common responses encompassed modulation of amino acid metabolism, characterized by reduced levels of arginine and alanine, alongside several intermediates of tyrosine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, and glutathione metabolism. The global increase in levels of acylcarnitines together with specific modulation of acetoacetate also suggested induction of ketogenesis through enhanced β-oxidation. Moreover, our data pinpointed some metabolites of interest considering their emergence as substantial compounds pertaining to health and diseases in the more recent literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Depommier
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (Welbio), UCLouvain, Université Catholique De Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Amandine Everard
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (Welbio), UCLouvain, Université Catholique De Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Céline Druart
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (Welbio), UCLouvain, Université Catholique De Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dominique Maiter
- Pôle Edin, Institut De Recherches Expérimentales Et Cliniques, UCLouvain, Université Catholique De Louvain, Brussels, Belgium,Division of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Paul Thissen
- Pôle Edin, Institut De Recherches Expérimentales Et Cliniques, UCLouvain, Université Catholique De Louvain, Brussels, Belgium,Division of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Audrey Loumaye
- Pôle Edin, Institut De Recherches Expérimentales Et Cliniques, UCLouvain, Université Catholique De Louvain, Brussels, Belgium,Division of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michel P. Hermans
- Pôle Edin, Institut De Recherches Expérimentales Et Cliniques, UCLouvain, Université Catholique De Louvain, Brussels, Belgium,Division of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie M. Delzenne
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (Welbio), UCLouvain, Université Catholique De Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Willem M. de Vos
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherland,Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Patrice D. Cani
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (Welbio), UCLouvain, Université Catholique De Louvain, Brussels, Belgium,CONTACT Patrice D. Cani UCLouvain, Université Catholique De Louvain, Ldri, Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Av. E. Mounier, 73 Box B1.73.11, B-1200Brussels, Belgium
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10
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Yu LM, Weng MN, Chen HJ, Ye W, Fan YH. Study of efficacy and mechanism of low FODMAPs diet on diarrhea-type irritable bowel syndrome based on a gut microbiota-dependent metabolite. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2021; 29:1421-1427. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v29.i24.1421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The changes in gut microbiota-dependent metabolites can cause irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). It is important to investigate whether a diet low in fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs) plays a therapeutic role in IBS treatment by affecting the production of phenylalanine (PHE), a gut microbiota-dependent metabolite.
AIM To investigate the efficacy of a low FODMAPs diet in diarrhea-type irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) and its molecular mechanism for regulating GLP-1 secretion by affecting PHE, a gut microbiota-dependent metabolite.
METHODS Thirty patients who met the Rome IV diagnostic criteria for IBS-D were enrolled and treated with a low FODMAPs diet for 4 wk. Thirty healthy volunteers served as baseline controls. The changes of clinical symptom scores, and serum PHE, GLP-1, and TNF-α, as well as IFN-γ before and after treatment were recorded. In in vitro experiment, different doses of PHE were added into NCI-H716 cells to observe the regulatory effect of PHE on GLP-1.
RESULTS The clinical symptom scores after treatment in the IBS group were significantly lower than those before treatment (P < 0.0001 & P < 0.001). After treatment, the levels of PHE and GLP-1 increased (P < 0.05), but those of TNF-α and IFN-γ decreased significantly (P < 0.0001 & P < 0.001). No adverse reactions occurred in the IBS group. In in vitro experiment, GLP-1 expression levels were found to rise with increasing PHE concentrations, and 1 mmol/L PHE could significantly increase GLP-1 secretion.
CONCLUSION Low FODMAPs diet improves the symptoms in IBS-D patients via mechanisms that may be related to the regulation of GLP-1 by affecting PHE and thereby inhibiting the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei-Min Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310007, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Min-Na Weng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310007, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hui-Jun Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310007, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wei Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310007, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yi-Hong Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, China
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11
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Paine P. Review article: current and future treatment approaches for pain in IBS. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2021; 54 Suppl 1:S75-S88. [PMID: 34927753 DOI: 10.1111/apt.16550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abdominal pain is a core symptom of IBS and a primary driver of care seeking. Visceral hypersensitivity is a key pathophysiological mechanism and therapeutic target for pain in IBS, with components of peripheral and central sensitisation and psychological factors. AIM To review current and future treatment approaches specifically for the pain component of IBS. METHODS Pubmed search terms included combinations of irritable bowel, pain, visceral hypersensitivity, novel, new, emerging, future and advances. RESULTS Established non-pharmacological treatments for IBS pain include the low FODMAP diet, probiotics and psychological interventions, especially hypnotherapy. Tricyclics remain the best evidenced pharmacological approach with GCC agonists, tenapanor, lubiprostone, eluxadoline and 5HT3 antagonists second line according to patient characteristics and availability. Less well-evidenced current options include anti-spasmodics, peppermint oil, SSRIs, SNRIs, alpha 2 delta ligands, melatonin and histamine antagonists. Patients are vulnerable to iatrogenesis and harmful approaches to be avoided include opioids and unwarranted surgical interventions. For severe pain, the concept of augmentation with combined gut-brain neuromodulators and psychotherapy in a multi-disciplinary setting is considered. A plethora of molecular targets and ligands are emerging from pre-clinical studies, together with early clinical evidence for a range of pharmacological, dietary, neurostimulation and novel psychological treatment delivery methods which are reviewed. The history of such emerging approaches, however, merits both caution and optimism in equal measure. CONCLUSIONS Despite good in-roads and emerging options, the management of abdominal pain remains one of the biggest challenges and research priorities for patients with IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Paine
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Manchester, Salford Royal Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
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12
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Multi-Omics Analysis to Generate Hypotheses for Mild Health Problems in Monkeys. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11100701. [PMID: 34677416 PMCID: PMC8538200 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11100701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Certain symptoms associated with mild sickness and lethargy have not been categorized as definitive diseases. Confirming such symptoms in captive monkeys (Macaca fascicularis, known as cynomolgus monkeys) can be difficult; however, it is possible to observe and analyze their feces. In this study, we investigated the relationship between stool state and various omics data by considering objective and quantitative values of stool water content as a phenotype for analysis. By examining the food intake of the monkeys and assessing their stool, urine, and plasma, we attempted to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the health status of individual monkeys and correlate it with the stool condition. Our metabolomics data strongly suggested that many lipid-related metabolites were correlated with the stool water content. The lipidomic analysis revealed the involvement of saturated and oxidized fatty acids, metallomics revealed the contribution of selenium (a bio-essential trace element), and intestinal microbiota analysis revealed the association of several bacterial species with the stool water content. Based on our results, we hypothesize that the redox imbalance causes minor health problems. However, it is not possible to make a definite conclusion using multi-omics alone, and other hypotheses could be proposed.
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13
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Berding K, Vlckova K, Marx W, Schellekens H, Stanton C, Clarke G, Jacka F, Dinan TG, Cryan JF. Diet and the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: Sowing the Seeds of Good Mental Health. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:1239-1285. [PMID: 33693453 PMCID: PMC8321864 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, the gut microbiota has emerged as a key component in regulating brain processes and behavior. Diet is one of the major factors involved in shaping the gut microbiota composition across the lifespan. However, whether and how diet can affect the brain via its effects on the microbiota is only now beginning to receive attention. Several mechanisms for gut-to-brain communication have been identified, including microbial metabolites, immune, neuronal, and metabolic pathways, some of which could be prone to dietary modulation. Animal studies investigating the potential of nutritional interventions on the microbiota-gut-brain axis have led to advancements in our understanding of the role of diet in this bidirectional communication. In this review, we summarize the current state of the literature triangulating diet, microbiota, and host behavior/brain processes and discuss potential underlying mechanisms. Additionally, determinants of the responsiveness to a dietary intervention and evidence for the microbiota as an underlying modulator of the effect of diet on brain health are outlined. In particular, we emphasize the understudied use of whole-dietary approaches in this endeavor and the need for greater evidence from clinical populations. While promising results are reported, additional data, specifically from clinical cohorts, are required to provide evidence-based recommendations for the development of microbiota-targeted, whole-dietary strategies to improve brain and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wolfgang Marx
- Deakin University, iMPACT – the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC,Australia
| | - Harriet Schellekens
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Felice Jacka
- Deakin University, iMPACT – the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC,Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Black Dog Institute, Randwick, NSW, Australia
- College of Public Health, Medical & Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD, Australia
| | - Timothy G Dinan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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14
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Metabolic Profiling of Plasma in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome after a 4-Week Starch- and Sucrose-Reduced Diet. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11070440. [PMID: 34357334 PMCID: PMC8306703 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11070440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A 4-week dietary intervention with a starch- and sucrose-restricted diet (SSRD) was conducted in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) to examine the metabolic profile in relation to nutrient intake and gastrointestinal symptoms. IBS patients were randomized to SSRD intervention (n = 69) or control continuing with their ordinary food habits (n = 22). Food intake was registered and the questionnaires IBS-symptoms severity scale (IBS-SSS) and visual analog scale for IBS (VAS-IBS) were completed. Metabolomics untargeted analysis was performed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) in positive and negative ionization modes. SSRD led to marked changes in circulating metabolite concentrations at the group level, most prominent for reduced starch intake and increased polyunsaturated fat, with small changes in the control group. On an individual level, the correlations were weak. The marked reduction in gastrointestinal symptoms did not correlate with the metabolic changes. SSRD was observed by clear metabolic effects mainly related to linoleic acid metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis, and beta-oxidation.
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15
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Ahluwalia B, Iribarren C, Magnusson MK, Sundin J, Clevers E, Savolainen O, Ross AB, Törnblom H, Simrén M, Öhman L. A Distinct Faecal Microbiota and Metabolite Profile Linked to Bowel Habits in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061459. [PMID: 34200772 PMCID: PMC8230381 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are suggested to have an altered intestinal microenvironment. We therefore aimed to determine the intestinal microenvironment profile, based on faecal microbiota and metabolites, and the potential link to symptoms in IBS patients. The faecal microbiota was evaluated by the GA-mapTM dysbiosis test, and tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) was used for faecal metabolomic profiling in patients with IBS and healthy subjects. Symptom severity was assessed using the IBS Severity Scoring System and anxiety and depression were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. A principal component analysis based on faecal microbiota (n = 54) and metabolites (n = 155) showed a clear separation between IBS patients (n = 40) and healthy subjects (n = 18). Metabolites were the main driver of this separation. Additionally, the intestinal microenvironment profile differed between IBS patients with constipation (n = 15) and diarrhoea (n = 11), while no clustering was detected in subgroups of patients according to symptom severity or anxiety. Furthermore, ingenuity pathway analysis predicted amino acid metabolism and several cellular and molecular functions to be altered in IBS patients. Patients with IBS have a distinct faecal microbiota and metabolite profile linked to bowel habits. Intestinal microenvironment profiling, based on faecal microbiota and metabolites, may be considered as a future non-invasive diagnostic tool, alongside providing valuable insights into the pathophysiology of IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bani Ahluwalia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; (B.A.); (C.I.); (M.K.M.); (J.S.)
- Calmino Group AB, Research and Development, 413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cristina Iribarren
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; (B.A.); (C.I.); (M.K.M.); (J.S.)
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; (E.C.); (H.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Maria K. Magnusson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; (B.A.); (C.I.); (M.K.M.); (J.S.)
| | - Johanna Sundin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; (B.A.); (C.I.); (M.K.M.); (J.S.)
| | - Egbert Clevers
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; (E.C.); (H.T.); (M.S.)
- GI Motility and Sensitivity Research Group, Translational Research Centre for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Otto Savolainen
- Chalmers Mass Spectrometry Infrastructure, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden; (O.S.); (A.B.R.)
| | - Alastair B. Ross
- Chalmers Mass Spectrometry Infrastructure, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden; (O.S.); (A.B.R.)
- Proteins and Metabolites Team, AgResearch, Lincoln 7674, New Zealand
| | - Hans Törnblom
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; (E.C.); (H.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Magnus Simrén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; (E.C.); (H.T.); (M.S.)
- Center for Functional Gastrointestinal and Motility Disorders, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Lena Öhman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; (B.A.); (C.I.); (M.K.M.); (J.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-31-786-6214
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16
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Liu T, Gu X, Li LX, Li M, Li B, Cui X, Zuo XL. Microbial and metabolomic profiles in correlation with depression and anxiety co-morbidities in diarrhoea-predominant IBS patients. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:168. [PMID: 32552668 PMCID: PMC7302156 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01841-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychological co-morbidities in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) have been widely recognized, whereas less is known regarding the role of gut microbial and host metabolic changes in clinical and psychological symptoms in IBS. RESULTS A total of 70 diarrhoea-predominant IBS (IBS-D) patients and 46 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Stool and urine samples were collected from both groups for 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolomic analysis. The results showed that fecal microbiota in IBS-D featured depleted Faecalibacterium (adjusted P = 0.034), Eubacterium rectale group (adjusted P = 0.048), Subdoligranulum (adjusted P = 0.041) and increased Prevotella (adjusted P = 0.041). O-ureido-L-serine, 3,4-dihydroxybenzenesulfonic acid and (R)-2-Hydroxyglutarate demonstrated lower urinary concentrations in IBS-D patients. We further built correlation matrices between gut microbe abundance, differentiated metabolite quantities and clinical parameters. Dialister manifested negative association with IBS severity (r = - 0.285, P = 0.017), anxiety (r = - 0.347, P = 0.003) and depression level (r = - 0.308, P = 0.010). Roseburia was negatively associated with IBS severity (r = - 0.298, P = 0.012). Twenty metabolites correlated with anxiety or depression levels, including 3,4-dihydroxymandelaldehyde with SAS (r = - 0.383, P = 0.001), 1-methylxanthine with SDS (r = - 0.347, P = 0.004) and 1D-chiro-inositol with SAS (r = - 0.336, P = 0.005). In analysis of microbe-metabolite relationship, 3,4-dihydroxymandelaldehyde and 1-methylxanthine were negatively correlated with relative abundance of Clostridiumsensu stricto. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrated altered microbial and metabolomic profiles associated with clinically and psychological symptoms in IBS-D patients, which may provide insights for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Robot engineering laboratory for precise diagnosis and therapy of GI tumour, Qilu Hospital, Cheloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiang Gu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Robot engineering laboratory for precise diagnosis and therapy of GI tumour, Qilu Hospital, Cheloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Li-Xiang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Robot engineering laboratory for precise diagnosis and therapy of GI tumour, Qilu Hospital, Cheloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Robot engineering laboratory for precise diagnosis and therapy of GI tumour, Qilu Hospital, Cheloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Robot engineering laboratory for precise diagnosis and therapy of GI tumour, Qilu Hospital, Cheloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao Cui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Robot engineering laboratory for precise diagnosis and therapy of GI tumour, Qilu Hospital, Cheloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiu-Li Zuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China.
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
- Robot engineering laboratory for precise diagnosis and therapy of GI tumour, Qilu Hospital, Cheloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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Xiao QY, Fang XC, Li XQ, Fei GJ. Ethnic differences in genetic polymorphism associated with irritable bowel syndrome. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:2049-2063. [PMID: 32536774 PMCID: PMC7267697 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i17.2049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic polymorphism is associated with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in terms of susceptibility and clinical manifestations. Previous studies have shown that genetic polymorphism might play a key role in the onset and progression of IBS by modulating components of its pathogenesis such as the gut-brain axis, gastrointestinal motility, inflammatory activity, and immune status. Although underlying pathophysiological mechanisms have not been fully clarified, the potential ethnic differences that are present in worldwide genetic studies of IBS deserve attention. This review surveyed numerous studies focusing on IBS-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms, and investigated the ethnic disparities revealed by them. The results demonstrate the need for more attention on ethnic factors in IBS-related genetic studies. Taking ethnic backgrounds into accounts and placing emphasis on disparities potentially ascribed to ethnicity could help lay a solid and generalized foundation for transcultural, multi-ethnic, or secondary analyses in IBS, for example, a meta-analysis. Broader genetic studies considering ethnic factors are greatly needed to obtain a better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of IBS and to improve the prevention, intervention, and treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Yun Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiu-Cai Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Gui-Jun Fei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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