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de Sousa DJM, Feitosa de Oliveira KG, Pereira IC, do Nascimento GTM, Barrense CO, Martins JA, Pereira Rêgo BDM, Oliveira da Silva TE, Carneiro da Silva FC, Torres-Leal FL. Dietary restriction and hepatic cancer: Systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 196:104264. [PMID: 38341120 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The effect of calorie restriction, fasting, and ketogenic diets on the treatment of liver cancer remains uncertain. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review to evaluate the effect of restrictive diets on the development and progression of liver cancer in animal models. We did a meta-analysis using the Cochrane Collaboration's Review Manager software, with the random effects model and the inverse variance technique. We examined 19 studies that were conducted between 1983 and 2020. Of these, 63.2% investigated calorie restriction, 21.0% experimented with a ketogenic diet, and 15.8% investigated the effects of fasting. The intervention lasted anything from 48 h to 221 weeks. Results showed that restrictive diets may reduce tumor incidence and progression, with a significant reduction in the risk of liver cancer development. Thereby, our results suggest that putting limits on what you eat may help treat liver cancer in more ways than one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dallyla Jennifer Morais de Sousa
- Metabolic Diseases Glauto Tuquarre Laboratory, Metabolic Diseases, Exercise and Nutrition Research Group (DOMEN), Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Kynnara Gabriella Feitosa de Oliveira
- Metabolic Diseases Glauto Tuquarre Laboratory, Metabolic Diseases, Exercise and Nutrition Research Group (DOMEN), Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Irislene Costa Pereira
- Metabolic Diseases Glauto Tuquarre Laboratory, Metabolic Diseases, Exercise and Nutrition Research Group (DOMEN), Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Glauto Tuquarre Melo do Nascimento
- Metabolic Diseases Glauto Tuquarre Laboratory, Metabolic Diseases, Exercise and Nutrition Research Group (DOMEN), Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Clenio Oliveira Barrense
- Metabolic Diseases Glauto Tuquarre Laboratory, Metabolic Diseases, Exercise and Nutrition Research Group (DOMEN), Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Jorddam Almondes Martins
- Metabolic Diseases Glauto Tuquarre Laboratory, Metabolic Diseases, Exercise and Nutrition Research Group (DOMEN), Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Beatriz de Mello Pereira Rêgo
- Metabolic Diseases Glauto Tuquarre Laboratory, Metabolic Diseases, Exercise and Nutrition Research Group (DOMEN), Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | | | | | - Francisco Leonardo Torres-Leal
- Metabolic Diseases Glauto Tuquarre Laboratory, Metabolic Diseases, Exercise and Nutrition Research Group (DOMEN), Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil.
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Yang J, Xu S, Cheng J, Yin X, Yan D, Li X. CXCL10 and its receptor in patients with chronic hepatitis B and their ability to predict HBeAg seroconversion during antiviral treatment with TDF. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29516. [PMID: 38469895 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The serum chemokine C-X-C motif ligand-10 (CXCL10) and its unique receptor (CXCR3) may predict the prognosis of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) treated with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). Nevertheless, there are few reports on the profile of CXCL10 and CXCR3 and their clinical application in HBeAg (+) CHB patients during TDF antiviral therapy. CXCL10 and CXCR3 were determined in 118 CHB patients naively treated with TDF for at least 96 weeks at baseline and at treatment weeks 12 and 24. In addition, gene set enrichment analysis was used to examine the associated dataset from Gene Expression Omnibus and explore the gene sets associated with HBeAg seroconversion (SC). The change of CXCL10 (ΔCXCL10, baseline to 48-week TDF treatment) and CXCR3 (ΔCXCR3) is closely related to the possibility of HBeAg SC of CHB patients under TDF treatment. Immunohistochemical analysis of CXCL10/CXCR3 protein in liver tissue shows that there is a significant difference between paired liver biopsy samples taken before and after 96 weeks of successful TDF treatment of CHB patients (11 pairs) but no significance for unsuccessful TDF treatment (14 pairs). Multivariate Cox analysis suggests that the ΔCXCL10 is an independent predictive indicator of HBeAg SC, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the ΔCXCL10 in CHB patients is 0.8867 (p < 0.0001). Our results suggest that a lower descending CXCL10 level is associated with an increased probability of HBeAg SC of CHB patients during TDF therapy. Moreover, liver tissue CXCL10 might be involved in the immunological process of HBeAg SC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiezuan Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaoyan Xu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinlin Cheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuying Yin
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dong Yan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuefen Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Clinical In Vitro Diagnostic Techniques of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Zheng J, Wang X, Wang Z, Huang L, Xie Y, Jiang S, Feng B. eALT-F: A New Non-Invasive Staging Method to Identify Medium to High-Risk Patients with HCC from Ultra-High HBV Viral Load Population - China, 2010-2023. China CDC Wkly 2023; 5:1107-1114. [PMID: 38125914 PMCID: PMC10728553 DOI: 10.46234/ccdcw2023.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The objective of this study was to examine the clinical characteristics of individuals with ultra-high hepatitis B virus (HBV) viral load and develop a novel staging method for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) that can more effectively identify patients with medium to high hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk. Methods A total of 2,118 patients with HBV DNA >1×107 IU/mL who visited Peking University People's Hospital between January 2010 and March 2023 were enrolled retrospectively. Clinical data from the first visit were obtained and analyzed. The traditional phases and new 'eALT-F' stages were compared to evaluate the risk of HCC. Results In the overall patients, more than one-third of the patients were under 30 years old. Additionally, a small proportion of older people (>60 years) also had ultra-high HBV viral load (4.3%). 9.1% and 6.7% of individuals with ultra-high HBV viral load showed FIB-4>3.25 and aMAP≥50, respectively. In the traditional stages of CHB, which are based on HBeAg and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) [the upper limit of normal (ULN) ALT level at 40 IU/L for both men and women], regardless of phase, a certain proportion of patients were at risk of developing HCC (4.1%, 6.4%, 25.0%, and 20.3%). However, in the new 'eALT-F' stages, which are based on HBeAg, ALT (the ULN of ALT level at 30 IU/L for men and 19 IU/L for women), and/or FIB-4 levels (>1.45), aMAP≥50 was only observed in chronic hepatitis patients with positive or negative HBeAg (6.4% and 22.1%, respectively). Conclusions The 'eALT-F' staging method, based on HBeAg, ALT (males: the ULN of ALT was 30 IU/L, females: 19 IU/L) and/or FIB-4 levels, was more effective in identifying medium to high-risk patients with HCC from patients with ultra-high HBV viral load than the traditional staging methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Zheng
- Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Diseases, Beijing International Cooperation Base for Science and Technology on NAFLD Diagnosis, Beijing, China
| | - Zilong Wang
- Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Diseases, Beijing International Cooperation Base for Science and Technology on NAFLD Diagnosis, Beijing, China
| | - Linxiang Huang
- Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yandi Xie
- Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Suzhen Jiang
- Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Feng
- Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing, China
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Zulian V, Fiscon G, Paci P, Garbuglia AR. Hepatitis B Virus and microRNAs: A Bioinformatics Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17224. [PMID: 38139051 PMCID: PMC10743825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as key regulators of gene expression, and the identification of viral miRNAs (v-miRNAs) within some viruses, including hepatitis B virus (HBV), has attracted significant attention. HBV infections often progress to chronic states (CHB) and may induce fibrosis/cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The presence of HBV can dysregulate host miRNA expression, influencing several biological pathways, such as apoptosis, innate and immune response, viral replication, and pathogenesis. Consequently, miRNAs are considered a promising biomarker for diagnostic, prognostic, and treatment response. The dynamics of miRNAs during HBV infection are multifaceted, influenced by host variability and miRNA interactions. Given the ability of miRNAs to target multiple messenger RNA (mRNA), understanding the viral-host (human) interplay is complex but essential to develop novel clinical applications. Therefore, bioinformatics can help to analyze, identify, and interpret a vast amount of miRNA data. This review explores the bioinformatics tools available for viral and host miRNA research. Moreover, we introduce a brief overview focusing on the role of miRNAs during HBV infection. In this way, this review aims to help the selection of the most appropriate bioinformatics tools based on requirements and research goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verdiana Zulian
- Virology Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giulia Fiscon
- Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.F.); (P.P.)
- Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science “Antonio Ruberti”, National Research Council, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Paci
- Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.F.); (P.P.)
- Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science “Antonio Ruberti”, National Research Council, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Rosa Garbuglia
- Virology Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy;
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Florescu DN, Boldeanu MV, Șerban RE, Florescu LM, Serbanescu MS, Ionescu M, Streba L, Constantin C, Vere CC. Correlation of the Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, Inflammatory Markers, and Tumor Markers with the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Colorectal Cancer. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2261. [PMID: 38137862 PMCID: PMC10744550 DOI: 10.3390/life13122261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the most important global health problems, being in the top 3 neoplasms in terms of the number of cases worldwide. Although CRC develops predominantly from the adenoma-adenocarcinoma sequence through APC gene mutations, in recent years, studies have demonstrated the role of chronic inflammation in this neoplasia pathogenesis. Cytokines are important components of chronic inflammation, being some of the host regulators in response to inflammation. The pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α are involved in tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis and seem to strengthen each other's mode of action, these being stimulated by the same mediators. In our study, we collected data on 68 patients with CRC and 20 healthy patients from the Gastroenterology Department of Craiova County Emergency Clinical Hospital, who were assessed between January 2022 and February 2023. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between increased plasma levels of the cytokines and the extent of the tumor, lymph nodes, and metastasis-(TNM stage), as well as the patients' prognoses. We also compared the plasma levels of cytokines and acute inflammatory markers, namely, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), c-reactive protein (CRP), and fibrinogen, along with the tumor markers, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19.9 (CA 19.9), in CRC patients. We showed that all the pro-inflammatory cytokines studied had higher levels in patients with CRC in comparison with the control group. We also showed that the acute inflammatory markers of erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, and fibrinogen, and the tumor markers of CEA and CA 19.9 can be useful in diagnosis and prognosis in patients with CRC. Considering the association between pro-inflammatory cytokines and CRC, the development of new targeted therapies against IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α can improve patient care and the CRC survival rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Nicolae Florescu
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (D.N.F.); (C.C.V.)
- Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200638 Craiova, Romania
| | - Mihail-Virgil Boldeanu
- Department of Immunology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Robert-Emmanuel Șerban
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (D.N.F.); (C.C.V.)
- Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200638 Craiova, Romania
| | - Lucian Mihai Florescu
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (L.M.F.); (C.C.)
| | - Mircea-Sebastian Serbanescu
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Mihaela Ionescu
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Liliana Streba
- Department of Oncology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, 2 Petru Rares Str., 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Cristian Constantin
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (L.M.F.); (C.C.)
| | - Cristin Constantin Vere
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (D.N.F.); (C.C.V.)
- Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200638 Craiova, Romania
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Manea M, Apostol D, Constantinescu I. A MicroRNA-Based Method for High-Viremia Detection-A New Approach on a Romanian Lot of Chronically Infected Patients with Hepatitis B Virus. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3425. [PMID: 37998561 PMCID: PMC10670501 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13223425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The HBV (hepatitis B virus) infection is intended for elimination, but evaluating patients is both costly and insufficiently applied in several countries. An expensive analysis in Romania is HBV-DNA quantification, with a limited prognostic potential. Our study intended to find new predictors for high viremia in HBV patients, using molecules involved in the multiple assessment of various HBV complications, such as microRNAs. A total of 61 subjects (48 patients with chronic HBV infection and 13 healthy subjects) were generally evaluated. Using a RT-PCR method, with a 2-ΔΔCT algorithm, we detected the expressions of miR-122 and miR-146a in 33 subjects. MiR-21 was the internal control. The results were analyzed with the R 4.2.2. software. Kruskal-Wallis's comparisons, Spearman correlations, and several logistic regression methods were applied. The median age of the patients was over 40 years. Without microRNAs, we could not obtain a good prediction formula. The combination of miR-122 and age proved to be the best prediction method for high viremia, with an AUC of 0.827, and a sensitivity of 89.5%. This is the first study which included age and miR-122 as independent predictors for high viremia in Romanian HBV-positive patients. MiR-122 is a new potential biomarker in the evaluation of Romanian patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Manea
- Deparment of Immunology and Transplant Immunology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dimitri Apostol
- Deparment of Immunology and Transplant Immunology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ileana Constantinescu
- Deparment of Immunology and Transplant Immunology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Centre of Immunogenetics and Virology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
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Milosevic I, Todorovic N, Filipovic A, Simic J, Markovic M, Stevanovic O, Malinic J, Katanic N, Mitrovic N, Nikolic N. HCV and HCC Tango-Deciphering the Intricate Dance of Disease: A Review Article. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16048. [PMID: 38003240 PMCID: PMC10671156 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounting for around one-third of all HCC cases. Prolonged inflammation in chronic hepatitis C (CHC), maintained through a variety of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators, is one of the aspects of carcinogenesis, followed by mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Immune response dysfunction including the innate and adaptive immunity also plays a role in the development, as well as in the recurrence of HCC after treatment. Some of the tumor suppressor genes inhibited by the HCV proteins are p53, p73, and retinoblastoma 1. Mutations in the telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter and the oncogene catenin beta 1 are two more important carcinogenic signaling pathways in HCC associated with HCV. Furthermore, in HCV-related HCC, numerous tumor suppressor and seven oncogenic genes are dysregulated by epigenetic changes. Epigenetic regulation of gene expression is considered as a lasting "epigenetic memory", suggesting that HCV-induced changes persist and are associated with liver carcinogenesis even after cure. Epigenetic changes and immune response dysfunction are recognized targets for potential therapy of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Milosevic
- Faculty of Medicine, Department for Infectious Diseases, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (I.M.); (M.M.); (O.S.); (J.M.); (N.M.)
- University Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.T.); (A.F.); (J.S.); (N.K.)
| | - Nevena Todorovic
- University Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.T.); (A.F.); (J.S.); (N.K.)
| | - Ana Filipovic
- University Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.T.); (A.F.); (J.S.); (N.K.)
| | - Jelena Simic
- University Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.T.); (A.F.); (J.S.); (N.K.)
| | - Marko Markovic
- Faculty of Medicine, Department for Infectious Diseases, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (I.M.); (M.M.); (O.S.); (J.M.); (N.M.)
- University Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.T.); (A.F.); (J.S.); (N.K.)
| | - Olja Stevanovic
- Faculty of Medicine, Department for Infectious Diseases, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (I.M.); (M.M.); (O.S.); (J.M.); (N.M.)
- University Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.T.); (A.F.); (J.S.); (N.K.)
| | - Jovan Malinic
- Faculty of Medicine, Department for Infectious Diseases, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (I.M.); (M.M.); (O.S.); (J.M.); (N.M.)
- University Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.T.); (A.F.); (J.S.); (N.K.)
| | - Natasa Katanic
- University Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.T.); (A.F.); (J.S.); (N.K.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Pristina Situated in Kosovska Mitrovica, 28000 Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia
| | - Nikola Mitrovic
- Faculty of Medicine, Department for Infectious Diseases, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (I.M.); (M.M.); (O.S.); (J.M.); (N.M.)
- University Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.T.); (A.F.); (J.S.); (N.K.)
| | - Natasa Nikolic
- Faculty of Medicine, Department for Infectious Diseases, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (I.M.); (M.M.); (O.S.); (J.M.); (N.M.)
- University Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.T.); (A.F.); (J.S.); (N.K.)
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Ibrahim IH, Ali OSM, El-Sahar AA, Elrefaei M, El-Sheikh N. Telomerase Expression Related with Poor Immune Response to HCV Core Antigen in Egyptian HCV Patients' PBMCs. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2023; 13:1008-1016. [PMID: 37975051 PMCID: PMC10643511 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary malignant tumor of the liver. Aim This study aimed to assess serum human telomerase enzyme (hTERT) levels and their relation to the progression of liver disease. Also, it aimed to assess the effect of hepatitis C virus (HCV) core protein on memory T-cells in HCV patients with or without HCC and the correlation between memory cell phenotype and the progression of the disease in the same patients. Methods HTERT level in serum was assessed through relative quantitative RT-PCR. Flow cytometric analysis was used to assess T-cell responsiveness (as IFN- γ secretion) before and after stimulation with HCV core protein and the memory CD8+ cell phenotype using several differentiation markers. Results HTERT was found to be increased in a stepwise manner upon comparing its level in controls, chronic hepatitis patients, cirrhotic patients, and HCC patients. T-cells showed a similar manner of stepwise decrease in response (decreased IFN- γ secretion) in HCC patients compared to HCV patients without HCC and controls. Also, late differentiated memory cells (CD8+, CD27-, CD28-, CD45RA+, and CCR7-) were depleted in HCC patients compared to HCV patients without HCC. Conclusion These results suggest a negative correlation between hTERT and IFN- γ secretion by T-cells in HCV patients and that this relationship, along with the depletion of late differentiated memory cells, could help the progression of liver disease to HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman H. Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Egypt
| | - Ola Sayed M. Ali
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Egypt
| | - Adel A. El-Sahar
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Elrefaei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Nabila El-Sheikh
- Molecular Immunology Unit for Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Egypt
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Yu L, Liu S, Jia S, Xu F. Emerging frontiers in drug delivery with special focus on novel techniques for targeted therapies. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115049. [PMID: 37364480 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The management and treatment of disease are achieved via the use of pharmacologically active substances or drugs. Drugs do not, however, have an intrinsic ability to be effective; rather, how well they work depends on how they are administered or supplied. Treatment of a variety of biological illnesses, such as autoimmune disorders, cancer, and bacterial infections, requires effective drug delivery. Drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, duration of therapeutic impact, pharmacokinetics, excretion, and toxicity can all be impacted by drug administration. Improved chemistry and materials are required for the delivery of therapeutic concentration of novel treatments to the specified targets within the body, as well as for the necessary duration of time. This requirement is accompanied by the development of new therapeutics. Formulating a medication as a DDS is a promising strategy for directly addressing numerous typical barriers to adherence, such as frequent dosage, such as frequent dosage, side effects, and a delayed beginning of the action. In the current review, we give a compendium of drug delivery and controlled release and subsequently highlight some of the newest developments in the realm, with a particular emphasis on cutting-edge methods for targeted therapy. In each instance, we outline the obstacles to efficient drug administration as well as the chemical and material developments that are allowing the sector to overcome these obstacles and have a positive clinical impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Shengmao Liu
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Shengnan Jia
- Digestive Diseases center, Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Medicine, The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China.
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Shoraka S, Hosseinian SM, Hasibi A, Ghaemi A, Mohebbi SR. The role of hepatitis B virus genome variations in HBV-related HCC: effects on host signaling pathways. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1213145. [PMID: 37588887 PMCID: PMC10426804 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1213145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a significant global health issue, with a high prevalence in many regions. There are variations in the etiology of HCC in different regions, but most cases are due to long-term infection with viral hepatitis. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is responsible for more than 50% of virus-related HCC, which highlights the importance of HBV in pathogenesis of the disease. The development and progression of HBV-related HCC is a complex multistep process that can involve host, viral, and environmental factors. Several studies have suggested that some HBV genome mutations as well as HBV proteins can dysregulate cell signaling pathways involved in the development of HCC. Furthermore, it seems that the pathogenicity, progression of liver diseases, response to treatment and also viral replication are different among HBV mutants. Understanding the relationship between HBV genome variations and host signaling pathway alteration will improve our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of HBV-related HCC. Furthermore, investigating commonly dysregulated pathways in HBV-related HCC is necessary to discover more specific therapeutic targets and develop more effective strategies for HCC treatment. The objective of this review is to address the role of HBV in the HCC progression and primarily focus on the impacts of HBV genome variations on HCC-related signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrzad Shoraka
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hosseinian
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ayda Hasibi
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Ghaemi
- Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Reza Mohebbi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Parisi F, Fonti N, Millanta F, Freer G, Pistello M, Poli A. Exploring the link between viruses and cancer in companion animals: a comprehensive and comparative analysis. Infect Agent Cancer 2023; 18:40. [PMID: 37386451 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-023-00518-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, it is estimated that 15% of human neoplasms globally are caused by infectious agents, with new evidence emerging continuously. Multiple agents have been implicated in various forms of neoplasia, with viruses as the most frequent. In recent years, investigation on viral mechanisms underlying tumoral transformation in cancer development and progression are in the spotlight, both in human and veterinary oncology. Oncogenic viruses in veterinary medicine are of primary importance not only as original pathogens of pets, but also in the view of pets as models of human malignancies. Hence, this work will provide an overview of the main oncogenic viruses of companion animals, with brief notes of comparative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Parisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge, 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Niccolò Fonti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge, 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Millanta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge, 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Freer
- Dipartimento di Ricerca Traslazionale e delle Nuove Tecnologie in Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Pisa, Via Risorgimento, 36, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mauro Pistello
- Dipartimento di Ricerca Traslazionale e delle Nuove Tecnologie in Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Pisa, Via Risorgimento, 36, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Poli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge, 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
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12
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Catalano T, Selvaggi F, Esposito DL, Cotellese R, Aceto GM. Infectious Agents Induce Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway Deregulation in Primary Liver Cancers. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1632. [PMID: 37512809 PMCID: PMC10386003 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Interaction between infectious agents and liver tissue, as well as repeated and extreme biological events beyond adaptive capacities, may result in pathological conditions predisposing people to development of primary liver cancers (PLCs). In adults, PLCs mainly comprise hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Various infectious agents in the hepatic microenvironment can destabilize normal liver cell functions by modulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway components. Among them, hepatotropic viruses B, C, and D are involved in Wnt/β-catenin signaling dysregulation. Other microbial agents, including oncogenic viruses such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human papilloma virus (HPV), bacteria, e.g., Mycoplasma hyorhinis and Salmonella Typhi, the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii, the fungus Aspergillus flavus, and liver flukes such as Clonorchissinensis or Opisthorchis viverrini, may induce malignant transformation in hepatocytes or in target cells of the biliary tract through aberrant Wnt signaling activation. This review focuses on new insights into infectious agents implicated in the deregulation of Wnt signaling and PLC development. Since the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is a driver of cancer following viral and bacterial infections, molecules inhibiting the complex axis of Wnt signaling could represent novel therapeutic approaches in PLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Catalano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Federico Selvaggi
- Unit of General Surgery, ASL2 Lanciano-Vasto-Chieti, Ospedale Clinicizzato SS Annunziata, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Diana Liberata Esposito
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Roberto Cotellese
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Villa Serena Foundation for Research, 65013 Città Sant'Angelo, Italy
| | - Gitana Maria Aceto
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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13
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Abid F, Khan K, Badshah Y, Ashraf NM, Shabbir M, Hamid A, Afsar T, Almajwal A, Razak S. Non-synonymous SNPs variants of PRKCG and its association with oncogenes predispose to hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:123. [PMID: 37344815 PMCID: PMC10286404 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02965-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND PRKCG encodes PKC γ, which is categorized under the classical protein kinase C family. No studies have specifically established the relationship between PRKCG nsSNPs with structural and functional variations in PKC γ in the context of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The present study aims to uncover this link through in-silico and experimental studies. METHODS The 3D structure of PKC γ was predicted. Molecular Dynamic (MD) Simulations were run and estimates were made for interactions, stability, conservation and post-translational alterations between wild and mutant structures. The association of PRKCG levels with HCC survival rate was determined. Genotyping analyses were conducted to investigate the deleterious PRKCG nsSNP association with HCC. mRNA expression of PKC γ, HIF-1 alpha, AKT, SOCS3 and VEGF in the blood of controls and HCC patients was analyzed and a genetic cascade was constructed depicting these interactions. RESULTS The expression level of studied oncogenes was compared to tumour suppressor genes. Through Alphafold, the 3D structure of PKC γ was explored. Fifteen SNPs were narrowed down for in-silico analyses that were identified in exons 5, 10 and 18 and the regulatory and kinase domain of PKC γ. Root mean square deviation and fluctuation along with the radius of gyration unveiled potential changes between the wild and mutated variant structures. Mutant genotype AA (homozygous) corresponding to nsSNP, rs386134171 had more frequency in patients with OR (2.446), RR (1.564) and P-values (< 0.0029) that highlights its significant association with HCC compared to controls in which the wild genotype GG was found more prevalent. CONCLUSION nsSNP rs386134171 can be a genetic marker for HCC diagnosis and therapeutic studies. This study has laid down a road map for future studies to be conducted on HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fizzah Abid
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, 44010, Pakistan
| | - Khushbukhat Khan
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, 44010, Pakistan
| | - Yasmin Badshah
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, 44010, Pakistan
| | - Naeem Mahmood Ashraf
- School of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Maria Shabbir
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, 44010, Pakistan.
| | - Arslan Hamid
- LIMES Institute (AG-Netea), University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Str. 31, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tayyaba Afsar
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Almajwal
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suhail Razak
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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14
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Koustas E, Trifylli EM, Sarantis P, Papadopoulos N, Papanikolopoulos K, Aloizos G, Damaskos C, Garmpis N, Garmpi A, Matthaios D, Karamouzis MV. An Insight into the Arising Role of MicroRNAs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Future Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087168. [PMID: 37108330 PMCID: PMC10138911 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) constitutes a frequent highly malignant form of primary liver cancer and is the third cause of death attributable to malignancy. Despite the improvement in the therapeutic strategies with the exploration of novel pharmacological agents, the survival rate for HCC is still low. Shedding light on the multiplex genetic and epigenetic background of HCC, such as on the emerging role of microRNAs, is considered quite promising for the diagnosis and the prediction of this malignancy, as well as for combatting drug resistance. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) constitute small noncoding RNA sequences, which play a key role in the regulation of several signaling and metabolic pathways, as well as of pivotal cellular functions such as autophagy, apoptosis, and cell proliferation. It is also demonstrated that miRNAs are significantly implicated in carcinogenesis, either acting as tumor suppressors or oncomiRs, while aberrations in their expression levels are closely associated with tumor growth and progression, as well as with local invasion and metastatic dissemination. The arising role of miRNAs in HCC is in the spotlight of the current scientific research, aiming at the development of novel therapeutic perspectives. In this review, we will shed light on the emerging role of miRNAs in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Koustas
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, M. Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece
- First Department of Internal Medicine, 417 Army Equity Fund Hospital, 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni-Myrto Trifylli
- First Department of Internal Medicine, 417 Army Equity Fund Hospital, 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Sarantis
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, M. Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Papadopoulos
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, 401 General Army Hospital of Athens, 11525 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Georgios Aloizos
- First Department of Internal Medicine, 417 Army Equity Fund Hospital, 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Damaskos
- 'N.S. Christeas' Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Renal Transplantation Unit, 'Laiko' General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Garmpis
- Second Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, 'Laiko' General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Anna Garmpi
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Michalis V Karamouzis
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, M. Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece
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15
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Collatuzzo G, La Vecchia C, Parazzini F, Alicandro G, Turati F, Di Maso M, Malvezzi M, Pelucchi C, Negri E, Boffetta P. Cancers attributable to infectious agents in Italy. Eur J Cancer 2023; 183:69-78. [PMID: 36801622 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2023.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To provide an evidence-based, comprehensive assessment of the current burden of infection-related cancers in Italy. METHODS We calculated the proportion of cancers attributable to infectious agents (Helicobacter pylori [Hp]; hepatitis B virus [HBV] and hepatitis C virus [HCV]; human papillomavirus [HPV]; human herpesvirus-8 [HHV8]; Epstein-Barr virus [EBV]; and human immunodeficiency virus [HIV]) to estimate the burden of infection-related cancer incidence (2020) and mortality (2017). Data on the prevalence of infections were derived from cross-sectional surveys of the Italian population, and relative risks from meta-analyses and large-scale studies. Attributable fractions were calculated based on the counterfactual scenario of a lack of infection. RESULTS We estimated that 7.6% of total cancer deaths in 2017 were attributable to infections, with a higher proportion in men (8.1%) than in women (6.9%). The corresponding figures for incident cases were 6.5%, 6.9% and 6.1%. Hp was the first cause of infection-related cancer deaths (3.3% of the total), followed by HCV (1.8%), HIV (1.1%), HBV (0.9%), HPV, EBV and HHV8 (each ≤0.7%). Regarding incidence, 2.4% of the new cancer cases were due to Hp, 1.3% due to HCV, 1.2% due to HIV, 1.0% due to HPV, 0.6% due to HBV and <0.5% due to EBV and HHV8. CONCLUSIONS Our estimate of 7.6% of cancer deaths and 6.9% of incident cases that were attributable to infections in Italy is higher than those estimated in other developed countries. Hp is the major cause of infection-related cancer in Italy. Prevention, screening and treatment policies are needed to control these cancers, which are largely avoidable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Collatuzzo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health (DISCCO), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Parazzini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health (DISCCO), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Neonatology, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Commenda 12, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Alicandro
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Turati
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health (DISCCO), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Di Maso
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health (DISCCO), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Malvezzi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health (DISCCO), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Pelucchi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health (DISCCO), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Eva Negri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health (DISCCO), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
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16
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Immunotherapy and the Combination with Targeted Therapies for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030654. [PMID: 36765612 PMCID: PMC9913568 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most important abilities of a tumor is to establish a state of immunosuppression inside the tumor microenvironment. This is made possible through numerous mechanisms of tumor immune escape that have been identified in experimental studies during the last decades. In addition, the hepatic microenvironment is commonly oriented towards a state of immune tolerance because the liver receives blood from the hepatic arteries and portal veins containing a variety of endogenous antigens. Therefore, the hepatic microenvironment establishes an autoimmune tolerance, preventing an autoimmune reaction in the liver. On this basis, hepatic tumor cells may escape the immune system, avoiding being recognized and destroyed by immune cells. Moreover, since the etiology of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is often related to cirrhosis, and hepatitis B or C, this tumor develops in the context of chronic inflammation. Thus, the HCC microenvironment is characterized by important immune cell infiltration. Given these data and the poor prognosis of advanced HCC, different immunotherapeutic strategies have been developed and evaluated for these patients. In this review, we describe all the clinical applications of immunotherapy for advanced HCC, from the drugs that have already been approved to the ongoing clinical trials.
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17
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Costante F, Stella L, Santopaolo F, Gasbarrini A, Pompili M, Asselah T, Ponziani FR. Molecular and Clinical Features of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients with HBV-HDV Infection. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2023; 10:713-724. [PMID: 37128594 PMCID: PMC10148646 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s384751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection affects more than 10 million people worldwide, with an estimated prevalence of nearly 4.5% among HBsAg-positive individuals. Epidemiological studies have shown a significant increase in the prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with chronic HDV infection compared to those with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) mono-infection. Despite the clinical findings, data on molecular oncogenic mechanisms are limited and fragmentary. Moreover, the role of HDV in promoting the development of HCC has so far been controversial, because it is difficult to weigh the respective contributions of the two viruses. In this review, we focused on the direct oncogenic action of HDV, its role in modifying the tumor microenvironment, and the genetic signature of HDV-related HCC, comparing these features with HBV-related HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Costante
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology - Hepatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, 00168, Italy
| | - Leonardo Stella
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology - Hepatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, 00168, Italy
| | - Francesco Santopaolo
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology - Hepatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, 00168, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University, Rome, 00168, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology - Hepatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, 00168, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University, Rome, 00168, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pompili
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology - Hepatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, 00168, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University, Rome, 00168, Italy
| | - Tarik Asselah
- Service d’Hépatologie, Hôpital Beaujon UMR 1149 Inserm - Université de Paris, Clichy, France
| | - Francesca Romana Ponziani
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology - Hepatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, 00168, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University, Rome, 00168, Italy
- Correspondence: Francesca Romana Ponziani; Federico Costante, Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology - Hepatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Francesco Vito 1, Rome, 00168, Italy, Tel +390630156264, Email ;
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18
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Zhang Y, Chen H, Chen S, Duan Y, Cheng L, Gao J, Li W. Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Transarterial Chemoembolization Plus Microwave Ablation versus Surgical Resection in Patients with Solitary Large Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2022; 9:1309-1321. [PMID: 36567798 PMCID: PMC9784473 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s386264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The liver resection for solitary large hepatocellular carcinoma (SLHCC) remains controversial due to the high risk of complications and recurrence after resection. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) plus microwave ablation (MWA) with resection for SLHCC. Methods We retrospectively analyzed a total of 148 patients who were treated with either TACE-MWA (n = 94) or resection (n = 54) for SLHCC (≥5 cm). A matched cohort composed of 86 patients was included after propensity score matching (PSM). The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS), and the secondary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS) and safety. Results The TACE-MWA group was older with higher ALT and AST (all P < 0.05). After PSM, the 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS were 100%, 80.3%, and 51.0% in the TACE-MWA group, and 88.3%, 66.7%, and 39.4% in the liver resection group, respectively. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year PFS were 76.7%, 48.8%, and 19.6% in the TACE-MWA group, and 72%, 40.2%, and 22.6% in the liver resection group, respectively. There was no significant difference in OS and PFS between the two groups (all P > 0.05). For SLHCC patients with tumor size ≥7cm, TACE-MWA showed favorable OS than liver resection. The TACE-MWA group exhibited a lower rate of major complications and shorter hospital stay than the resection group. Conclusion TACE-MWA showed comparable efficacy to liver resection in patients with SLHCC, but better safety and shorter hospital stay. TACE-MWA might provide a longer OS than liver resection for SLHCC patients with tumor size ≥7cm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchao Zhang
- Cancer Center, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hualei Chen
- Cancer Center, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Cancer Center, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Youjia Duan
- Cancer Center, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Long Cheng
- Cancer Center, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Jie Gao, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, People’s Republic of China, Email
| | - Wei Li
- Cancer Center, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China,Cancer Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China,Wei Li, Cancer Center, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, People’s Republic of China, Email
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Hepatitis Viruses Control Host Immune Responses by Modifying the Exosomal Biogenesis Pathway and Cargo. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810862. [PMID: 36142773 PMCID: PMC9505460 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of smart immune evasion mechanisms is crucial for the establishment of acute and chronic viral hepatitis. Hepatitis is a major health problem worldwide arising from different causes, such as pathogens, metabolic disorders, and xenotoxins, with the five hepatitis viruses A, B, C, D, and E (HAV, HBV, HCV, HDV, and HEV) representing the majority of the cases. Most of the hepatitis viruses are considered enveloped. Recently, it was reported that the non-enveloped HAV and HEV are, in reality, quasi-enveloped viruses exploiting exosomal-like biogenesis mechanisms for budding. Regardless, all hepatitis viruses use exosomes to egress, regulate, and eventually escape from the host immune system, revealing another key function of exosomes apart from their recognised role in intercellular communication. This review will discuss how the hepatitis viruses exploit exosome biogenesis and transport capacity to establish successful infection and spread. Then, we will outline the contribution of exosomes in viral persistence and liver disease progression.
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20
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Tan YW. Risk stratification of primary liver cancer. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:9545-9549. [PMID: 36159415 PMCID: PMC9477684 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i26.9545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The risk stratification of primary liver cancer (PLC) discussed in a review of viral hepatitis and PLC could lead to misunderstandings by readers. For example, a single study or a small number of studies cannot comprehensively summarize the risk factors of PLC, is not included in the family history of liver cancer, and chronic hepatitis D is listed as a medium risk factor for the development of PLC. Currently, PLC prediction models with good clinical validation values have been applied clinically, such as the Toronto hepatocellular carcinoma risk index, REACH-B model, and PAGE-B model. Therefore, the Chinese, together with several research societies, have formulated the “Guideline for stratified screening and surveillance of primary liver cancer (2020 edition).” This guideline outlines PLC screening in at-risk populations, both in hospitals and communities. It is recommended to stratify the at-risk population into four risk levels: low-, intermediate-, high-, and extremely high-risk. This is highly recommended and applied in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Wen Tan
- Department of Hepatology, The Third Hospital of Zhenjiang Affiliated Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, Jiangsu Province, China
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21
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Wu J, Zhang F, Tao H, Nawaz W, Chen D, Wu Z. The potential roles of interleukin-25 in infectious diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:986118. [PMID: 36119076 PMCID: PMC9478665 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.986118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-25 (IL-25), also known as IL-17E, is a recently identified cytokine of the IL-17 family. Numerous studies illustrated that the expression of IL-25 is regulated by multiple pathogens, including parasitic, viral, and bacterial infections. IL-25 has a dual function in infectious diseases. On the one hand, IL-25 activates type 2 immunity via the relevant cytokines, including IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, which are associated with the development of pathogenic infection-related allergic diseases. On the other hand, IL-25 involves in the recruitment of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) to enhanced T helper 2 (Th2) cell differentiation, which are important to the clearance of pathogens. However, the precise roles of IL-25 in infectious diseases remain largely unknown. Thus, the current review will shed light on the pivotal roles of IL-25 in infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Hongji Tao
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Waqas Nawaz
- Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, School of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Deyan Chen
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Deyan Chen, ; Zhiwei Wu,
| | - Zhiwei Wu
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Deyan Chen, ; Zhiwei Wu,
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Wan Q, Anugwom C, Desalegn H, Debes JD. Hepatocellular carcinoma in Hepatitis B and Human Immunodeficiency Virus coinfection in Africa: a focus on surveillance. HEPATOMA RESEARCH 2022; 8:39. [PMID: 36277115 PMCID: PMC9583937 DOI: 10.20517/2394-5079.2022.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis-B virus (HBV) infections are weighty public health challenges, especially in the African continent. The direct carcinogenic effect of HBV means that it remains a potent cause of early-onset hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where it causes significant morbidity and mortality. The presence of HIV infection in HBV-infected patients poses a complicating factor, as coinfection has been shown to hasten the progression of liver disease to cirrhosis and HCC, and often resulting in early-age hepatocarcinogenesis with consequent late diagnosis and lower survival. In this review, we discuss this unique conundrum, the epidemiology of HIV-HBV coinfection in SSA, its effect on liver disease and development of HCC, as well as practices and barriers to HCC surveillance in this distinct population. We propose a way forward to curb this considerable health burden focusing on reduction of disease stigma, the need for easy-to-measure biomarkers, and implementation of large prospective studies in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease and International Medicine & Division of Gastroenterology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Chimaobi Anugwom
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease and International Medicine & Division of Gastroenterology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.,Health Partners Digestive Care, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | | | - Jose D. Debes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease and International Medicine & Division of Gastroenterology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.,Arusha Lutheran Medical Centre, Arusha, Tanzania
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