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Sultana TN, Chaity NI, Hasan MM, Shrabonee II, Rivu SF, Aziz MA, Sahaba SA, Apu MNH, Nahid NA, Islam MS, Islam MS. TGFβ1 rs1800469 and SMAD4 rs10502913 polymorphisms and genetic susceptibility to colorectal cancer in Bangladeshi population. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:1393-1401. [PMID: 36469259 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08146-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among Bangladeshi males and females, colorectal cancer is the fourth and fifth most prevalent cancer, respectively. Several studies have shown that the transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) gene and SMAD4 gene have a great impact on colorectal cancer. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to investigate whether TGFβ1 rs1800469 and SMAD4 rs10502913 genetic polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to colorectal cancer in the Bangladeshi population. METHODS AND MATERIALS This case-control study was performed on 167 colorectal cancer patients and 162 healthy volunteers, and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method was employed for genotyping. RESULTS In case of SMAD4 rs10502913 G > A polymorphism, the A allele reduced the colorectal cancer risk significantly (adjusted OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.23-0.52, p < 0.001) when compared to the G allele. It was also found that G/A and A/A genotypes of SMAD4 rs10502913 G > A polymorphism reduced the risk of colorectal cancer in comparison to the G/G genotype (G/A vs. G/G: adjusted OR 0.24, 95% CI 0.12-0.45, p < 0.001 and A/A vs. G/G: adjusted OR 0.06, 95% CI 0.02-0.21, p < 0.001). TGFβ1 rs1800469 C > T polymorphism showed an elevated risk of developing colorectal cancer, although the results were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION This study confirms the association of SMAD4 rs10502913 gene polymorphism with colorectal cancer susceptibility among the Bangladeshi population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taposhi Nahid Sultana
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.,Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh.,Department of Pharmacy, Independent University, Bangladesh, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Nusrat Islam Chaity
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mehedi Hasan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Ishrat Islam Shrabonee
- Department of Medicine, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, 2200, Bangladesh
| | - Sanzana Fareen Rivu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, East West University, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abdul Aziz
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, State University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh.,Bangladesh Pharmacogenomics Research Network (BD-PGRN), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shaid All Sahaba
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, State University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Mohd Nazmul Hasan Apu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Noor Ahmed Nahid
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Safiqul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh. .,Bangladesh Pharmacogenomics Research Network (BD-PGRN), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Saiful Islam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
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Establishment of a Potential Serum Biomarker Panel for the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Cholangiocarcinoma Using Decision Tree Algorithms. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11040589. [PMID: 33806004 PMCID: PMC8064492 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11040589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Potential biomarkers which include S100 calcium binding protein A9 (S100A9), mucin 5AC (MUC5AC), transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), and angiopoietin-2 have previously been shown to be effective for cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) diagnosis. This study attempted to measure the sera levels of these biomarkers compared with carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9). A total of 40 serum cases of CCA, gastrointestinal cancers (non-CCA), and healthy subjects were examined by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The panel of biomarkers was evaluated for their accuracy in diagnosing CCA and subsequently used as inputs to construct the decision tree (DT) model as a basis for binary classification. The findings showed that serum levels of S100A9, MUC5AC, and TGF-β1 were dramatically enhanced in CCA patients. In addition, 95% sensitivity and 90% specificity for CCA differentiation from healthy cases, and 70% sensitivity and 83% specificity for CCA versus non-CCA cases was obtained by a panel incorporating all five candidate biomarkers. In CCA patients with low CA19-9 levels, S100A9 might well be a complementary marker for improved diagnostic accuracy. The high levels of TGF-β1 and angiopoietin-2 were both associated with severe tumor stages and metastasis, indicating that they could be used as a reliable prognostic biomarkers panel for CCA patients. Furthermore, the outcome of the CCA burden from the Classification and Regression Tree (CART) algorithm using serial CA19-9 and S100A9 showed high diagnostic efficiency. In conclusion, results have shown the efficacy of CCA diagnosis and prognosis of the novel CCA-biomarkers panel examined herein, which may prove be useful in clinical settings.
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COHN ALLEN, LAHN MICHAELM, WILLIAMS KRISTENE, CLEVERLY ANNL, PITOU CELINE, KADAM SUNILK, FARMEN MARKW, DESAIAH DURISALA, RAJU ROBERT, CONKLING PAUL, RICHARDS DONALD. A phase I dose-escalation study to a predefined dose of a transforming growth factor-β1 monoclonal antibody (TβM1) in patients with metastatic cancer. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:2221-31. [PMID: 25270361 PMCID: PMC4215585 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) plays an important role in cancer. Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) designed to specifically block the TGF-β ligands, are expected to inhibit tumor progression in patients with metastatic cancer. TβM1 is a humanized mAb optimized for neutralizing activity against TGF-β1. The objective of this clinical trial was to assess the safety and tolerability of TβM1 in patients with metastatic cancer. In this phase I, uncontrolled, non-randomized, dose-escalation study, 18 eligible adult patients who had measurable disease per RECIST and a performance status of ≤ 2 on the ECOG scale were administered TβM1 intravenously over 10 min at doses of 20, 60, 120 and 240 mg on day 1 of each 28-day cycle. Safety was assessed by adverse events (as defined by CTCAE version 3.0) and possible relationship to study drug, dose-limiting toxicities and laboratory changes. Systemic drug exposure and pharmacodynamic (PD) parameters were assessed. TβM1 was safe when administered once monthly. The pharmacokinetic (PK) profile was consistent with a mAb with a mean elimination half-life approximately 9 days. Although anticipated changes in PD markers such as serum VEGF, bFGF and mRNA expression of SMAD7 were observed in whole-blood, suggesting activity of TβM1 on the targeted pathway, these changes were not consistent to represent a PD effect. Additionally, despite the presence of an activated TGF-β1 expression signature in patients' whole blood, the short dosing duration did not translate into significant antitumor effect in the small number of patients investigated in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- ALLEN COHN
- Rocky Mountain Cancer Center - Midtown, Denver, CO, USA
| | | | | | - ANN L. CLEVERLY
- Eli Lilly and Company, Erl Wood Manor, Windlesham, Surrey, UK
| | - CELINE PITOU
- Eli Lilly and Company, Erl Wood Manor, Windlesham, Surrey, UK
| | | | | | | | - ROBERT RAJU
- Innovation Center Kettering Medical Center, Kettering, OH
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KHOURY NATHALIE, EL-HAYEK STEPHANY, TARRAS OMAYR, EL-SABBAN MARWAN, EL-SIBAI MIRVAT, RIZK SANDRA. Kefir exhibits anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects on colon adenocarcinoma cells with no significant effects on cell migration and invasion. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:2117-27. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Xu Y, Chen W, Zhu Y, Wang S, Miao C. Effect of thoracic epidural anaesthesia on serum vascular endothelial growth factor C and cytokines in patients undergoing anaesthesia and surgery for colon cancer. Br J Anaesth 2014; 113 Suppl 1:i49-55. [DOI: 10.1093/bja/aeu148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Gaur P, Singh AK, Shukla NK, Das SN. Inter-relation of Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg cytokines in oral cancer patients and their clinical significance. Hum Immunol 2014; 75:330-7. [PMID: 24486578 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2014.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered cytokine production can lead to immune dysfunction in cancer patients. Hence, we investigated the cytokine balance in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients and their significance in providing new therapeutic insights. METHODS We quantified Th17 (IL17A), Treg (TGFβ1), Th1 (IL2, IFNγ) and Th2 (IL4, IL10) like cytokines in the sera of 78 cases and 39 controls by ELISA. The intracellular expression of these cytokines was analyzed in 10 subjects from each group by flow cytometry. RESULTS Serum levels of IL17A, TGFβ1, IL4 and IL10 were significantly higher while IL2 and IFNγ were relatively lower in patients as compared to controls. TGFβ1 (r=0.55), IL4 (r=0.75) and IL10 (r=0.80) significantly (P<0.0001) correlated with disease progression and their elevated levels showed increased odd ratios of approximately 18, 14 and 37, respectively. IL17A appeared as a risk factor (OR=2.21, 95% CI=0.89-5.42) although statistically insignificant. The levels neither correlated with disease progression nor with TGFβ1, IL4 and IL10 but showed positive association with IL2 (r=0.51, P<0.0001) and IFNγ (r=0.24). Flow cytometry data also showed similar trend. CONCLUSIONS We reported a distinct TGFβ1 and Th2 (IL4, IL10) polarization with a borderline elevation of IL17A while, a suppression of Th1 (IL2, IFNγ) cytokines in OSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Gaur
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110 029, India.
| | - Avadhesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110 029, India.
| | - Nootan K Shukla
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Dr. BRA-IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110 029, India.
| | - Satya N Das
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110 029, India.
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Guo W, Dong Z, Guo Y, Chen Z, Yang Z, Kuang G, Shan B. Polymorphisms of transforming growth factor-β1 associated with increased risk of gastric cardia adenocarcinoma in north China. Int J Immunogenet 2011; 38:215-24. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.2010.00991.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Qi P, Ruan CP, Wang H, Zhou FG, Zhao YP, Gu X, Gao CF. -509C>T polymorphism in the TGF-β1 gene promoter is not associated with susceptibility to and progression of colorectal cancer in Chinese. Colorectal Dis 2010; 12:1153-8. [PMID: 19863608 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1318.2009.02079.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM Colorectal cancer is common, accounting for nearly 10% of all cancers. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is a pleiotropic cytokine that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of colorectal neoplasia. The most studied -509C>T polymorphism of TGF-β1 gene has been associated with various kinds of cancer. This study investigated the association between this genetic variant and the risk and/or progression of colorectal cancer. METHOD A case-control study was carried out of 150 colorectal cancer cases and 503 healthy controls. DNA was extracted from blood cell nuclear materials, and -509C>T polymorphism in the TGF-β1 gene promoter was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Colorectal cancer tissues (n = 70) were obtained from the studied cases for measurement of TGF-β1 mRNA expression levels. We also assessed the plasma TGF-β1 levels of cases (n = 88) and healthy subjects (n = 120). RESULTS The TGF-β1 producer genotype, -509TT, was not associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer compared with other genotypes. Colorectal cancer patients especially those with a more aggressive disease behaviour were more frequently associated with C allele. CONCLUSION The results suggest that TGF-β1 -509C>T polymorphism is not associated with either an increased risk or progression of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Qi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Eastern Hepatobiliary Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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de Souza AP, Bonorino C. Tumor immunosuppressive environment: effects on tumor-specific and nontumor antigen immune responses. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2009; 9:1317-32. [PMID: 19761435 DOI: 10.1586/era.09.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The interactions between cancer cells and host immune cells in tumoral microenvironments create an immunosuppressive network that promotes tumor growth, protects the tumor from immune attack and attenuates the efficacy of immunotherapeutic approaches. The development of immune tolerance becomes predominant in the immune system of patients with advanced-stage tumors. Several mechanisms have been described by which tumors can suppress the immune system, including secretion of cytokines, alterations in antigen-presenting cell subsets, costimulatory and coinhibitory molecule alterations and altered ratios of Tregs to effector T cells. It is well demonstrated that these mechanisms of immunosuppression can impair tumor specific immune responses. However, it is not well established whether this immunosuppressive environment can affect immune responses to nontumor antigens, specifically in regard to priming and the development of memory. The few existing studies indicate that responses to nontumor antigens seem unaffected, although there is still a deep lack of understanding of this phenomenon. This is an important issue regarding patient endurance and quality of life. Here, we review the existing evidence on immunosuppression promoted by tumors, with particular attention to its impact on specific immune responses. Understanding these interactions can help us subvert tumor-induced tolerance and optimize anti-tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula de Souza
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular (FABIO) and Instituto de Pesquisas Biomédicas, PUCRS. Av. Ipiranga, 6690 2o andar; 90610-90000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Chou PC, Chuang TF, Jan TR, Gion HC, Huang YC, Lei HJ, Chen WY, Chu RM. Effects of immunotherapy of IL-6 and IL-15 plasmids on transmissible venereal tumor in beagles. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2009; 130:25-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2009.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2008] [Revised: 01/06/2009] [Accepted: 01/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Daniel P, Wagrowska-Danilewicz M, Danilewicz M, Stasikowska O, Malecka-Panas E. Transforming growth factor beta 1 and metalloproteinase-9 overexpression in colorectal cancer (CC) and adenoma. Int J Colorectal Dis 2007; 22:1165-72. [PMID: 17394006 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-007-0296-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2007] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Although the role of transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) 1 and metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is well documented in colorectal cancer (CC), there is a little evidence supporting its role in early carcinogenesis. The aim of the study was to determine the pattern of immunohistochemical expression of TGFbeta1, MMP-9, and Ki-67 in CC and adenomatous polyps. PATIENT/METHODS The study group comprised 50 patients with colorectal polyps and 33 patients with CC. Endoscopically removed polyps and CC biopsies had been evaluated with histopatologic examination and immunohistochemistry. The biopsies from 30 healthy objects served as a control group. For all antibodies labeling indices (LI) had been calculated. RESULTS Among 62 adenomas, 33 high-grade dysplasia (HGD) and 29 low-grade dysplasia (LGD) had been detected. Mean TGFbeta1, MMP-9, and Ki-67 LI in CC were significantly higher (p < 0.01, 0.01, and 0.01, respectively) than in HGD polyps. Mean TGFbeta1, MMP-9, and Ki-67 LI in HGD polyps were significantly higher than in LGD polyps (p < 0.01, 0.01, and 0.01, respectively). There had been no statistical difference in TGFbeta1, MMP-9, and Ki-67 LI between LGD and the control group (p > 0.05, 0.05, and 0.05, respectively). There was a positive correlation between TGFbeta1 and MMP-9 (r = 0.898), Ki-67 and MMP-9 (r = 0.938), and TGFbeta1 and Ki-67 (r = 0.913). We did not observe any correlation between TGFbeta1, MMP-9, Ki-67 LI and the clinical parameters evaluated. CONCLUSION The increased expression of TGFbeta1, MMP-9 observed in colorectal adenomas seems to be related to the grade of dysplasia. We assume that overexpression of TGFbeta1, MMP-9 represent an early event in colorectal carcinogenesis and may possibly have the prognostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Daniel
- Department of Digestive Tract Diseases, Medical University, Lodz, Poland.
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Dihal AA, Tilburgs C, van Erk MJ, Rietjens IMCM, Woutersen RA, Stierum RH. Pathway and single gene analyses of inhibited Caco-2 differentiation by ascorbate-stabilized quercetin suggest enhancement of cellular processes associated with development of colon cancer. Mol Nutr Food Res 2007; 51:1031-45. [PMID: 17639512 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200600261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim was to investigate mechanisms contributing to quercetin's previously described effects on cell-proliferation and -differentiation, which contradicted its proposed anticarcinogenic potency. In a 10-day experiment, 40 microM quercetin stabilized by 1 mM ascorbate reduced Caco-2 differentiation up to 50% (p < 0.001). Caco-2 RNA from days 5 and 10, hybridized on HG-U133A2.0 Affymetrix GeneChips(R), showed 1,743 affected genes on both days (p < 0.01). All 14 Caco-2 differentiation-associated genes showed decreased expression (p < 0.01), including intestinal alkaline phosphatase, that was confirmed technically (qRT-PCR) and functionally (enzyme-activity). The 1,743 genes contributed to 27 pathways (p < 0.05) categorized under six gene ontology (GO) processes, including apoptosis and cell-cycle. Genes within these GO-processes showed fold changes that suggest increased cell-survival and -proliferation. Furthermore, quercetin down-regulated expression of genes involved in tumor-suppression and phase II metabolism, and up-regulated oncogenes. Gene expression changes mediated by ascorbate-stabilized quercetin were concordant with those occurring in human colorectal carcinogenesis ( approximately 80-90%), but were opposite to those previously described for Caco-2 cells exposed to quercetin without ascorbate ( approximately 75-90%). In conclusion, gene expression among Caco-2 cells exposed to ascorbate-stabilized quercetin showed mechanisms contrary to what is expected for a cancer-preventive agent. Whether this unexpected in vitro effect is relevant in vivo, remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin A Dihal
- TNO Quality of Life, Business Unit Biosciences, Zeist, The Netherlands
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Canning C, O'Brien M, Hegarty J, O'Farrelly C. Liver immunity and tumour surveillance. Immunol Lett 2006; 107:83-8. [PMID: 17101177 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2006.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2006] [Revised: 07/13/2006] [Accepted: 07/13/2006] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Adult liver has a complex defence system that is critical in protection against infectious challenge. Its role in tumour surveillance is poorly understood. Because of its location, function and complex blood supply, the liver will be exposed to metastatic cells generated anywhere else in the body. Moreover, the role of the liver in detoxification can result in the generation of products with carcinogenic properties. It should not be surprising, then, to discover that the liver has a specialized immune system tailored to protect against and respond to significant immunological challenge, particularly metastasis and malignancy. This tumour surveillant role is the focus of this review.
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Wu XZ, Zhang L, Shi BZ, Hu P. Inhibitory effects of N-(4-hydrophenyl) retinamide on liver cancer and malignant melanoma cells. World J Gastroenterol 2005; 11:5763-9. [PMID: 16270382 PMCID: PMC4479673 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v11.i37.5763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effect of N-(4-hydrophenyl) retinamide (4-HPR), the derivative of retinoic acid, on inhibition of migration, invasion, cell growth, and induction of apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HCCs) and malignant melanoma cells.
METHODS: 4-HPR was chemically synthesized. Cellular migration and invasion were assayed by Borden chamber experiment. Cell growth was assayed by MTT chromometry. Apoptosis effect was measured using Hoechst 32258 staining and flow cytometry. Gene transfection was performed with lipofectamine.
RESULTS: We observed that the migration of HCC and melanoma cells was significantly suppressed by 4-HPR and the migration cells were reduced to 585.03 (control 20127.2, P < 0.05, n = 4) in SMMC 7721-k3 HCC, and to 25425.04 (control 30230.1, P < 0.05, n = 4) in melanoma cells after 6-h incubation with 4-HPR. The invasion through reconstituted basement membrane was also significantly reduced by 4-HPR treatment to 11.23.3 in SMMC 7721-k3 HCC (control 2713.1), and to 24.33.2 in melanoma cells (control 67.510.1, P < 0.05, n = 3). Cell growth, especially in melanoma cells, was also significantly inhibited. Furthermore, 3 mmol/L of 4-HPR induced apoptosis in B16 melanoma cells (37.110.94%) more significantly than all-trans retinoic acid (P < 0.05), but it failed to induce apoptosis in SMMC 7721-k3 HCC. The mechanism for 4-HPR-induced apoptosis was not clear, but we observed that 4-HPR could regulate p27kip1, and overexpression of cerebroside sulfotransferase (CST) diminished the apoptosis induced by 4-HPR in melanoma cells.
CONCLUSION: 4-HPR is a potent inhibitor of HCC migration and inducer of melanoma cell apoptosis. CST and p27kip1expression might be associated with 4-HPR-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Zhong Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Guzinska-Ustymowicz K, Kemona A. Transforming growth factor beta can be a parameter of aggressiveness of pT1 colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2005; 11:1193-5. [PMID: 15754403 PMCID: PMC4250712 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v11.i8.1193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the significance of transforming growth factor beta (TGF β) expression, in correlation with histopathological parameters, at the front of invasion in T1 colorectal cancer (CRC) and presence of metastases.
METHODS: TGF β immunohistochemical expression was studied in 34 specimens of colorectal adenocarcinomas (pT1). A three-step avidin-biotinylated immuno-peroxidase (ABCu-NCL) staining technique was performed on 4-µm paraffin-embedded tissue sections with a monoclonal antibody to TGF β (Novocastra, NCL-TGFB, clone TGFB 17, dilution 1:40).
RESULTS: Seventeen (50%) out of 34 lesions were positive for TGF β expression. The TGF β-positive rate in patients with vascular invasion was significantly higher than in those without vascular invasion (11/14 cases, P<0.01, P = 0.005). The TGF β-positive rate was observed in 91.7% of patients with presence of tumor budding at the front of invasion (11/12 cases, P<0.01, P = 0.0003). A statistically significant correlation was found between the presence of lymph node metastases and positive expression of TGF β (14/16 cases, P<0.01, P = 0.0001). We also observed that the TGF β-positive rates in groups with distant and non-distant metastases were 92.8% and 20% respectively, and a significant correlation between TGF β expression and distant metastasis was shown (P<0.01, P = 0.00003).
CONCLUSION: The evaluation of TGF β expression of protein in association with histological parameters can be used as a parameter of the aggressiveness of pT1 CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Guzinska-Ustymowicz
- Department of General Pathomorphology, Medical University of Białystok, ul.Waszyngtona 13, 15-269 Białystok, Poland.
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Li X, Zhang YY, Wang Q, Fu SB. Association between endogenous gene expression and growth regulation induced by TGF-β1 in human gastric cancer cells. World J Gastroenterol 2005; 11:61-8. [PMID: 15609398 PMCID: PMC4205385 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v11.i1.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the association between endogenous gene expression and growth regulation including proliferation and apoptosis induced by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in human gastric cancer (GC) cells.
METHODS: Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to detect the main components of the TGF-β1/Smads signal pathway in human poorly differentiated GC cell line BGC-823. Localization of Smad proteins was also determined using immunofluorescence. Then, the BGC-823 cells were cultured in the presence or absence of TGF-β1 (10 ng/mL) for 24 and 48 h, and the effects of TGF-β1 on proliferation and apoptosis were measured by cell growth curve and flow cytometry (FCM) analysis. The ultrastructural features of BGC-823 cells with or without TGF-β1 treatment were observed under transmission electron microscope. The apoptotic cells were visualized by means of the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dTUP in situ nick end-labeling (TUNEL) method. Meanwhile, the expression levels of endogenous p15,p21 and Smad7 mRNA and the corresponding proteins in the cells were detected at 1, 2 and 3 h after culture in the presence or absence of TGF-β1 (10 ng/mL) by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively.
RESULTS: The TGF-β1/Smad signaling was found to be intact and functional in BGC-823 cells. The growth curve revealed the most evident inhibition of cell proliferation by TGF-β1 at 48 h, and FCM assay showed G1 arrest accompanied with apoptosis induced by TGF-β1. The typical morphological changes of apoptosis were observed in cells exposed to TGF-β1. The apoptosis index (AI) in TGF-β1-treated cells was significantly higher than that in the untreated controls (10.7±1.3% vs 0.32±0.06%, P<0.01). The levels of p15,p21 and Smad7 mRNA and corresponding proteins in cells were significantly up-regulated at 1 h, but gradually returned to basal levels at 3 h following TGF-β1 (10 ng/mL) treatment.
CONCLUSION: TGF-β1 affects both proliferation and apoptosis of GC cells through the regulation of p15 and p21, and induces transient expression of Smad 7 as a negative feedback modulation of TGF-β1 signal. Our results suggest a novel functional role of p21 as an accelerant of TGF-β1-mediated apoptosis in GC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang Province, China
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Zhang PB, Li YH, Xu CP. Expression of transforming growth factor type II receptor in gastric carcinoma tissue. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2004; 12:1531-1533. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v12.i7.1531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the expression of transforming growth factor type II receptor (TGFIIR) in the gastric carcinoma tissue.
METHODS: Expression of TGFIIR was studied in 20 cases of normal gastric tissues and 74 gastric carcinoma tissues by immunohistochemical method.
RESULTS: In normal gastric tissue, TGFIIR was mainly expressed in the lower part of the gland, especially in the cytoplasm, and the expresssion was significantly decreased in well and moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma tissues (P < 0.05), and in poorly differeantiated and mucinous or signet ring cell carcinoma tissues (P < 0.01) as compared with normal mucosa.
CONCLUSION: Decreased expression of TGFIIR may play a role in the development of gastric cancer.
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Wang Z, Wang F, Wang WQ, Gao Q, Wei WL, Yang Y, Wang GY. Correlation of N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1 overexpression with progressive growth of colorectal neoplasm. World J Gastroenterol 2004. [PMID: 14966915 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v10/i4/550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To study the function of N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) in colorectal carcinogenesis and its correlation with tumor lymph node metastasis. METHODS NDRG1 was detected at its protein level by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and image analysis (IA), and NDRG1 mRNA was detected by in situ hybridization (ISH) in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded sections with a total of 190 specimens including 38 normal colorectal mucosae, 31 colorectal adenomas, 45 non-metastatic colorectal carcinomas (CRCs), 38 metastatic primary CRC and subsequently regional lymph nodes respectively. At the same time, the correlations of NDRG1 with sex, age of patients and histological types of colorectal carcinomas were observed. RESULTS NDRG1 proteins were gradually increased in colorectal carcinogenesis (P<0.05 or P<0.01). There was a significant difference in the expression of NDRG1 between non-metastatic and metastatic CRCs (P<0.05), and the correlation was positive (P<0.01, r(s)=0.329). However, there was no obvious difference in the expression of NDRG1 between the primary sites of CRCs and that in the metastatic sites of corresponding regional lymph nodes, nor was there an apparent difference in sex, age, and histological types. The expression of NDRG1 mRNA was generally in concordance with that of NDRG1 protein. CONCLUSION NDRG1 gene may play an important role in colorectal carcinogenesis. In addition, NDRG1 may be a putative tumor metastasis promoter gene and is regarded as one of the molecular biological markers that can forecast early metastasis of CRCs. NDRG1 gene in the metastatic sites of regional lymph nodes may preserve its expression characteristics in the primary sites of CRCs to some extent. The expression of NDRG1 is not affected by sex, age and histological types. The role of NDRG1 in tumor metastatic process can be demonstrated by in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Department of Pathology, Kunming Medical College, 191 Renmin xilu, Kunming 650031, Yunnan Province, China
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Hu JK, Zhou ZG, Chen ZX, Wang LL, Yu YY, Liu J, Zhang B, Li L, Shu Y, Chen JP. Comparative evaluation of immune response after laparoscopical and open total mesorectal excisions with anal sphincter preservation in patients with rectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2003; 9:2690-4. [PMID: 14669314 PMCID: PMC4612033 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v9.i12.2690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: The study of immune response of open versus laparoscopical total mesorectal excision with anal sphincter preservation in patients with rectal cancer has not been reported yet. The dissected retroperitoneal area that contacts directly with carbon dioxide is extensive in laparoscopic total mesorectal excision with anal sphincter preservation surgery. It is important to clarify whether the immune response of laparoscopic total mesorectal excision with anal sphincter preservation (LTME with ASP) in patients with rectal cancer is suppressed more severely than that of open surgery (OTME with ASP). This study was designed to compare the immune functions after laparoscopic and open total mesorectal excision with anal sphincter preservation for rectal cancer.
METHODS: This study involved 45 patients undergoing laparoscopic (n = 20) and open (n = 25) total mesorectal excisions with anal sphincter preservation for rectal cancer. Serum interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) were assayed preoperatively and on days 1 and 5 postoperatively. CD3+ and CD56+ T lymphocyte count, CD3- and CD56+ natural killer cell (NK) count and immunoglobulin (IgG/IgM/IgA) were assayed preoperatively and on day 5 postoperatively. The numbers of CD3+ and CD56+ T lymphocytes and CD3- and CD56+ NK cells were counted using flow cytometry. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for IL-2, IL-6 and TNFα determination. And IgG, IgM, and IgA were assayed using immunonephelometry.
RESULTS: The demographic data of the two groups had no difference. The preoperative levels of CD3+ and CD56+ T lymphocyte count, CD3- and CD56+ NK count, serum IgG, IgM, IgA, IL-2, IL-6 and TNFα also had no significant difference in the two groups (P > 0.05). The CD3+ and CD56+ T lymphocyte counts had no obvious changes after surgery in laparoscopic (d = -0.79% ± 3.83%) and open (d = 0.42% ± 2.09%) groups. The CD3- and CD56+ NK counts were decreased postoperatively in both laparoscopic (d = -7.23% ± 11.33%) and open (d = -9.21% ± 13.93%) groups. The differences of the determined values of serum IgG, IgM and IgA on the fifth day after operation subtracted those before operation were -2.56 ± 2.14 g/L, -252.35 ± 392.94 mg/L, -506.15 ± 912.24 mg/L in laparoscopic group, and -1.81 ± 2.10 g/L, -282.72 ± 356.75 mg/L, -252.20 ± 396.28 mg/L in open group, respectively. The levels of IL-2 were decreased after operation in both groups. However, the levels of IL-6 were decreased after laparoscopic surgery (d1 = -23.14 ± 263.97 ng/L and d5 = -40.08 ± 272.03 ng/L), and increased after open surgery (d1 = 27.38 ± 129.14 ng/L and d5 = 21.67 ± 234.31 ng/L). The TNFα levels were not elevated after surgery in both groups. There were no significant differences in the numbers of CD3+ and CD56+ T lymphocytes and CD3- and CD56+ NK cells, the levels of IgG, IgM, IgA, IL-2, IL-6 and TNFα between the two groups (P > 0.05).
CONCLUSION: There are no differences in immune responses between the patients having laparoscopic total mesorectal excision with anal sphincter preservation and those undergone open surgery for rectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Kun Hu
- Department of General Surgery and Institute of Digestive Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
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Liu YH, Zhang ZS, Zhong D, Wu JB, Dan HL, Lai ZS, Wang YD, Zhang YL, Xiao B. Screening of human colorectal carcinoma associated antigen genes by SEREX. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2003; 11:1378-1381. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v11.i9.1378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To screen and identify the human colorectal carcinoma associated antigen genes.
METHODS Three human colorectal carcinoma cDNA phage expression libraries were constructed. They were screened from autologous and allogeneic sera of colorectal cancer patients by SEREX (serological identification of antigens by recombinant expression cloning). The sera were pre-absorbed by the extract E. coli XL1-blue. Four different serum-reactive cDNA clones were isolated by immunoscreening from a colon cancer-derived cDNA expression library. Positive clones were amplified by plate culture, the purified lambda phage DNA was cut by Sfi I restriction endonucleases and amplified with PCR in order to identify the insert size of cDNA by electrophresis.
RESULTS Three cDNA phage expression libraries were constructed. The titer of library was 2.39×106 nfu/L, 2.07×106 nfu/L and 1.86×106 nfu/L respectively, The range of the fragment length of exogenously inserted cDNA was between 0.5-4 kb, the average was 1.4 kb, 1.6 kb and 1.3 kb, respectively. Four gene clones were obtained by SEREX screening, the length of their insert fragments was 2.4 kb, 1.8 kb, 2.3 kb and 2.2 kb, respectively.
CONCLUSION To screen and identify human colorectal carcinoma cDNA phage expression libraries by SEREX is a useful method to search for human colorectal carcinoma associated antigen genes. It is important for early diagnosis and research of recombinant vaccine for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hu Liu
- Institute for Digestive Diseases of PLA, Nanfang Hospital, The First Military Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Provine, China
| | - Zhen-Shu Zhang
- Institute for Digestive Diseases of PLA, Nanfang Hospital, The First Military Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Provine, China
| | - Dong Zhong
- Institute for Digestive Diseases of PLA, Nanfang Hospital, The First Military Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Provine, China
| | - Jin-Bao Wu
- Institute for Digestive Diseases of PLA, Nanfang Hospital, The First Military Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Provine, China
| | - Han-Lei Dan
- Institute for Digestive Diseases of PLA, Nanfang Hospital, The First Military Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Provine, China
| | - Zhuo-Sheng Lai
- Institute for Digestive Diseases of PLA, Nanfang Hospital, The First Military Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Provine, China
| | - Ya-Dong Wang
- Institute for Digestive Diseases of PLA, Nanfang Hospital, The First Military Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Provine, China
| | - Ya-Li Zhang
- Institute for Digestive Diseases of PLA, Nanfang Hospital, The First Military Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Provine, China
| | - Bing Xiao
- Institute for Digestive Diseases of PLA, Nanfang Hospital, The First Military Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Provine, China
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Lu JP, Mao JQ, Li MS, Lu SL, Hu XQ, Zhu SN, Nomura S. In situ detection of TGF betas, TGF beta receptor II mRNA and telomerase activity in rat cholangiocarcinogenesis. World J Gastroenterol 2003; 9:590-4. [PMID: 12632524 PMCID: PMC4621588 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v9.i3.590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: Initial report on the in situ examination of the mRNA expression of transforming growth factor betas (TGFβs), TGFβ type II receptor (TβRII) and telomerase activity in the experimental rat liver tissue during cholangiocarcinogenesis.
METHODS: Rat liver cholangiocarcinogenesis was induced by 3’-methyl 4-dimethylazobenzene (3’Me-DAB). In situ hybridization was used to examine the TGFβs) and TGFβ type II receptor (TβRII) mRNA, in situ TRAP was used to check the telomerase activity in the tissue samples.
RESULTS: There was no TGFβs, TβRII mRNA expression or telomerase activity in the control rat cholangiocytes. The expression of TGFβ1, TβRII was increased in regenerative, hyperplastic, dysplastic cholangiocytes and cholangiocarcinoma (CC) cells. The expression of TGFβ2 mRNA was observed in only a part of hyperplastic, dysplastic cholangiocytes. TGFβ3 expression was very weak, only in hyperplastic lesion. There was positive telomerase activity in the regenerative, hyperplastic, dysplastic cholangiocytes, and CC cells. Stroma fibroblasts of these lesions also showed positive TGFβs, TβRII mRNA expression and telomerase activity.
CONCLUSION: There were TGFβs, TβRII expression and telomerase activity in hyperplastic, dysplastic cholangiocytes, cholangiocarcinoma cells as well as in stroma fibroblasts during cholangiocarcinogenesis. Their expression or activity is important in cholangiocarcinogenesis andstroma formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ping Lu
- Department of Pathology, Medical Center of Fudan University (Former Shanghai Medical University), Shanghai 200032, China.
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Sun XJ, Sun KL, Fu H, Wang SB, Chen JQ. Relationship between expression of nm23H1 gene and in vivo and in vitro invasive capacity of gastric cancer cells. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2003; 11:10-13. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v11.i1.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To explore the relationship between the expression of nm23H1 gene and the in vivo and in vitro. invasive capacity of gastric cancer cells
METHODS: The invasive capacity of gastric cancer cell in vitro was determined by Boyden chamber method. And the expressions of nm23H1 in gene and protein level were measured by Northern Blot, RT-PCR and immunohistochemical method in gastric cancer cell lines, respectively.
RESULTS: The order of the invasive capacity of gastric cancer cell lines were: MKN45, being the highest(33.1±5.23, P<0.01); BGC823(15.8±2.7) and MKN1(14.1±4.5), the moderate(there was no significant difference between them, P>0.05), and GT3TKB(6.3±2.5), the lowest(P<0.01). The expression of nm23H1 gene was negatively correlated with the in vivo invasive capacity of gastric cancer cell lines, and also negatively correlated with the in vitro invasive capacity of gastric cancer cell lines of MKN45, BGC823 and GT3TKB. But there was no relationship between the expression of nm23H1 gene and the invasive capacity of MKN1 in vitro.
CONCLUSION: The expression of nm23H1 gene is of great significance in evaluating the in vivo and in vitro invasive capacity of gastric cancer cell lines.
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