1
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Jicsinszky L, Bucciol F, Chaji S, Cravotto G. Mechanochemical Degradation of Biopolymers. Molecules 2023; 28:8031. [PMID: 38138521 PMCID: PMC10745761 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanochemical treatment of various organic molecules is an emerging technology of green processes in biofuel, fine chemicals, or food production. Many biopolymers are involved in isolating, derivating, or modifying molecules of natural origin. Mechanochemistry provides a powerful tool to achieve these goals, but the unintentional modification of biopolymers by mechanochemical manipulation is not always obvious or even detectable. Although modeling molecular changes caused by mechanical stresses in cavitation and grinding processes is feasible in small model compounds, simulation of extrusion processes primarily relies on phenomenological approaches that allow only tool- and material-specific conclusions. The development of analytical and computational techniques allows for the inline and real-time control of parameters in various mechanochemical processes. Using artificial intelligence to analyze process parameters and product characteristics can significantly improve production optimization. We aim to review the processes and consequences of possible chemical, physicochemical, and structural changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Jicsinszky
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy; (F.B.); (S.C.)
| | | | | | - Giancarlo Cravotto
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy; (F.B.); (S.C.)
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2
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Comparison of the Conventional and Mechanochemical Syntheses of Cyclodextrin Derivatives. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020467. [PMID: 36677527 PMCID: PMC9861519 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Many scientists are working hard to find green alternatives to classical synthetic methods. Today, state-of-the-art ultrasonic and grinding techniques already drive the production of organic compounds on an industrial scale. The physicochemical and chemical behavior of cyclodextrins often differs from the typical properties of classic organic compounds and carbohydrates. The usually poor solubility and complexing properties of cyclodextrins can require special techniques. By eliminating or reducing the amount of solvent needed, green alternatives can reform classical synthetic methods, making them attractive for environmentally friendly production and the circular economy. The lack of energy-intensive synthetic and purification steps could transform currently inefficient processes into feasible methods. Mechanochemical reaction mechanisms are generally different from normal solution-chemistry mechanisms. The absence of a solvent and the presence of very high local temperatures for microseconds facilitate the synthesis of cyclodextrin derivatives that are impossible or difficult to produce under classical solution-chemistry conditions. Although mechanochemistry does not provide a general solution to all problems, several good examples show that this new technology can open up efficient synthetic pathways.
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3
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Orosz JM, Ujj D, Kasal P, Benkovics G, Bálint E. Continuous flow synthesis of 6-monoamino-6-monodeoxy-β-cyclodextrin. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:294-302. [PMID: 36925564 PMCID: PMC10012048 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The first continuous flow method was developed for the synthesis of 6-monoamino-6-monodeoxy-β-cyclodextrin starting from native β-cyclodextrin through three reaction steps, such as monotosylation, azidation and reduction. All reaction steps were studied separately and optimized under continuous flow conditions. After the optimization, the reaction steps were coupled in a semi-continuous flow system, since a solvent exchange had to be performed after the tosylation. However, the azidation and the reduction steps were compatible to be coupled in one flow system obtaining 6-monoamino-6-monodeoxy-β-cyclodextrin in a high yield. Our flow method developed is safer and faster than the batch approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- János Máté Orosz
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dóra Ujj
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Petr Kasal
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Gábor Benkovics
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Erika Bálint
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
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4
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Molnár Á. Synthetic Application of Cyclodextrins in Combination with Metal Ions, Complexes, and Metal Particles. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202001610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Árpád Molnár
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Szeged Dóm tér 8 6720 Szeged Hungary
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5
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Menuel S, Saitzek S, Monflier E, Hapiot F. Particle size effect in the mechanically assisted synthesis of β-cyclodextrin mesitylene sulfonate. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:2598-2606. [PMID: 33133291 PMCID: PMC7590618 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanically assisted synthesis of organic compounds has recently focused considerable attention as it may be unique in features to selectively direct the reaction pathway. In the continuation of our work on the synthesis of modified cyclodextrins (CDs) via mechanochemical activation, we sought to discriminate the contribution of supramolecular effects and grinding during the course of a reaction in the solid state. As such, we recently investigated the influence of the particle size of β-CD in the synthesis of β-CD mesitylene sulfonate (β-CDMts) in the solid state using a vibrating ball-mill. We were particularly interested in the role of the particle size on the kinetics of the reaction. In this study, we show that grinding β-CD reduces the particles size over time down to a limit of 167 nm. The granulometric composition remains rather invariant for grinding times over 1 h. Each type of β-CD particles reacted with mesitylenesulfonyl chloride (MtsCl) to produce β-CDMts. Contrary to what could be intuitively anticipated, smaller particles did not lead to the highest conversions. The impact of grinding on the conversion was limited. Interestingly, the proportion of β-CDMts mono-substituted on the primary face significantly increased over time when the reaction was carried out in the presence of KOH as a base. The data series were confronted with kinetics models to get insight in the way the reactions proceeded. The diversity of possible models suggests that multiple mechanochemical processes can account for the formation of β-CDMts in the solid state. Throughout the study, we found that the reactivity depended more upon diffusion phenomena in the crystalline parts of the material than on the increase in the surface area of the CD particles resulting from grinding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Menuel
- Univ. Artois, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Lille, UMR 8181, Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-62300 Lens, France
| | - Sébastien Saitzek
- Univ. Artois, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Lille, UMR 8181, Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-62300 Lens, France
| | - Eric Monflier
- Univ. Artois, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Lille, UMR 8181, Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-62300 Lens, France
| | - Frédéric Hapiot
- Univ. Artois, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Lille, UMR 8181, Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-62300 Lens, France
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6
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Schneider RV, Sehlinger A, Meier MAR. A Direct One‐Pot Modification of β‐Cyclodextrin
via
the Ugi‐Five‐Component Reaction. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202002367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebekka V. Schneider
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC) Materialwissenschaftliches Zentrum (MZE) Straße am Forum 7 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Ansgar Sehlinger
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC) Materialwissenschaftliches Zentrum (MZE) Straße am Forum 7 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Michael A. R. Meier
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC) Materialwissenschaftliches Zentrum (MZE) Straße am Forum 7 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
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Rubin Pedrazzo A, Caldera F, Zanetti M, Appleton SL, Dhakar NK, Trotta F. Mechanochemical green synthesis of hyper-crosslinked cyclodextrin polymers. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:1554-1563. [PMID: 32704321 PMCID: PMC7356557 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclodextrin nanosponges (CD-NS) are nanostructured crosslinked polymers made up of cyclodextrins. The reactive hydroxy groups of CDs allow them to act as multifunctional monomers capable of crosslinking to bi- or multifunctional chemicals. The most common NS synthetic pathway consists in dissolving the chosen CD and an appropriate crosslinker in organic polar aprotic liquids (e.g., N,N-dimethylformamide or dimethyl sulfoxide), which affect the final result, especially for potential biomedical applications. This article describes a new, green synthetic pathway through mechanochemistry, in particular via ball milling and using 1,1-carbonyldiimidazole as the crosslinker. The polymer obtained exhibited the same characteristics as a CD-based carbonate NS synthesized in a solvent. Moreover, after the synthesis, the polymer was easily functionalized through the reaction of the nucleophilic carboxylic group with three different organic dyes (fluorescein, methyl red, and rhodamine B) and the still reactive imidazoyl carbonyl group of the NS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Rubin Pedrazzo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Giuria 7, Torino 10125, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Caldera
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Giuria 7, Torino 10125, Italy
| | - Marco Zanetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Giuria 7, Torino 10125, Italy
| | - Silvia Lucia Appleton
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Giuria 7, Torino 10125, Italy
| | - Nilesh Kumar Dhakar
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Giuria 7, Torino 10125, Italy
| | - Francesco Trotta
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Giuria 7, Torino 10125, Italy
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8
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Oliva E, Mathiron D, Rigaud S, Monflier E, Sevin E, Bricout H, Tilloy S, Gosselet F, Fenart L, Bonnet V, Pilard S, Djedaini-Pilard F. New Lipidyl-Cyclodextrins Obtained by Ring Opening of Methyl Oleate Epoxide Using Ball Milling. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E339. [PMID: 32093153 PMCID: PMC7072689 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Bearing grafts based on fatty esters derivatives, lipidyl-cyclodextrins (L-CDs) are compounds able to form water-soluble nano-objects. In this context, bicatenary biobased lipidic-cyclodextrins of low DS were easily synthesized from a fatty ester epoxide by means of alternative methods (ball-milling conditions, use of enzymes). The ring opening reaction of methyl oleate epoxide needs ball-milling and is highly specific of cyclodextrins in solventless conditions. L-CDs are thus composed of complex mixtures that were deciphered by an extensive structural analysis using mainly mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. In addition, as part of their potential use as vectors of active drugs, these products were submitted to an integrity study on in vitro model of the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) and the intestinal epithelium. No toxicity has been observed, suggesting that applications for the vectorization of active ingredients can be expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefania Oliva
- LG2A UMR CNRS 7378, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens CEDEX, France; (E.O.); (V.B.)
| | - David Mathiron
- Plateforme Analytique, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens CEDEX, France; (D.M.); (S.R.); (S.P.)
| | - Sébastien Rigaud
- Plateforme Analytique, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens CEDEX, France; (D.M.); (S.R.); (S.P.)
| | - Eric Monflier
- Univ. Artois, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Lille, UMR 8181–UCCS–Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-62300 Lens, France; (E.M.); (H.B.); (S.T.)
| | - Emmanuel Sevin
- LBHE EA 2465, Université d’Artois, 62307 Lens CEDEX, France; (E.S.); (F.G.); (L.F.)
| | - Hervé Bricout
- Univ. Artois, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Lille, UMR 8181–UCCS–Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-62300 Lens, France; (E.M.); (H.B.); (S.T.)
| | - Sébastien Tilloy
- Univ. Artois, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Lille, UMR 8181–UCCS–Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-62300 Lens, France; (E.M.); (H.B.); (S.T.)
| | - Fabien Gosselet
- LBHE EA 2465, Université d’Artois, 62307 Lens CEDEX, France; (E.S.); (F.G.); (L.F.)
| | - Laurence Fenart
- LBHE EA 2465, Université d’Artois, 62307 Lens CEDEX, France; (E.S.); (F.G.); (L.F.)
| | - Véronique Bonnet
- LG2A UMR CNRS 7378, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens CEDEX, France; (E.O.); (V.B.)
| | - Serge Pilard
- Plateforme Analytique, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens CEDEX, France; (D.M.); (S.R.); (S.P.)
| | - Florence Djedaini-Pilard
- LG2A UMR CNRS 7378, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens CEDEX, France; (E.O.); (V.B.)
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9
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Jicsinszky L, Calsolaro F, Martina K, Bucciol F, Manzoli M, Cravotto G. Reaction of oxiranes with cyclodextrins under high-energy ball-milling conditions. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:1448-1459. [PMID: 31354861 PMCID: PMC6632222 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This work presents a proof of concept for a green cyclodextrin derivatisation method that uses low-boiling epoxide reagents in a high-energy ball mill (HEBM). The simplified preparation and purification of low substitution-degree common (2-hydroxy)propylated β- and γ-cyclodextrins (β/γ-CDs) has been realised. The intelligent use of propylene oxide has also facilitated the more effective synthesis of highly substituted γ-CD. Epichlorohydrin-crosslinked CD-polymers (CDPs) have also been effectively prepared in the ball mill. The unoptimised preparations of soluble and insoluble CDPs displayed very small particle size distributions, while the prepared polymers currently have different complexation properties to those of their classically prepared analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Jicsinszky
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Federica Calsolaro
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Katia Martina
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Fabio Bucciol
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Maela Manzoli
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Cravotto
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy
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10
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MOF Capacitates Cyclodextrin to Mega-Load Mode for High-Efficient Delivery of Valsartan. Pharm Res 2019; 36:117. [PMID: 31161271 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-019-2650-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the mechanism of enhancing solubility and bioavailability of water-insoluble drug, valsartan (VAL), with being mega-loaded by cyclodextrin metal organic framework (CD-MOF). METHODS VAL was successfully mega-loaded into CD-MOF by magnetic agitation of VAL in ethanolic solution. Characterizations including powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), synchrotron radiation-based Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (SR-FTIR) 13C solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 13C SS-NMR), nitrogen gas adsorption, and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) were carried out to confirm the mechanism and incorporation behavior of VAL in CD-MOF. Ball milling process combined with molecular modeling was also used to confirm the mechanism. Improvement of bioavailability in vivo was confirmed by pharmacokinetic experiment in beagles. RESULTS As a carrier with payload 150% higher than conventional CD complexation, CD-MOF included molecules of VAL as complexations in the chambers of (γ-CD)2, and nanoclusters in the confined spherical cages of (γ-CD)6 confirmed by SAXS and 13C SS-NMR. Ball milling combined with molecular modeling inferred that the reduced release rate of the milled CD-MOF with ultrahigh drug payload was mainly due to the partial aggregation of the VAL nanoclusters. The molecules of VAL as nanoclusters in the cages of (γ-CD)6 are critical in dramatically improving the apparent solubility (39.5-fold) and oral bioavailability (1.9-fold) of VAL in contrast to γ-CD inclusion. CONCLUSIONS The new understanding of drug nanoclusters in CD-MOF will help to design more efficient drug delivery systems using CD-MOF carrier with nanocavities.
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Samanta G, Maiti K, Jayaraman N. Glycosidic Bond Expanded Cyclic Oligosaccharides: Synthesis and Host-Guest Binding Property of a Cyclic Pentasaccharide. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:7466-7473. [PMID: 31458903 PMCID: PMC6644367 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A new cyclic pentasaccharide comprising an oxymethylene glycosidic bond connecting the individual α-d-glycopyranoside monomers is synthesized through cycloglycosylation of a linear pentasaccharide precursor, which, in turn, is synthesized through the block glycosylation method. Molecular modeling shows that the 30-membered macrocyclic pentasaccharide is a distorted ellipsoid structure, with the lower and upper rims occupied by secondary and primary hydroxyl groups, respectively. Following the synthesis, the microenvironment of the cyclic pentasaccharide is assessed through thermodynamic evaluation upon complexation with 1-aminoadamantane in an aqueous solution, which shows the formation of ∼1:2 host-to-guest complex and a binding affinity of 10 500 (±425) M-1. Synthesis and assessment of the host-guest binding property of the new glycosidic bond expanded cyclic pentasaccharide are presented.
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12
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Morin-Crini N, Winterton P, Fourmentin S, Wilson LD, Fenyvesi É, Crini G. Water-insoluble β-cyclodextrin–epichlorohydrin polymers for removal of pollutants from aqueous solutions by sorption processes using batch studies: A review of inclusion mechanisms. Prog Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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13
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Peraro CR, Anconi AC, Anconi CP. Formation of β-Cyclodextrin inclusion compound with doxycycline: A theoretical approach. Chem Phys Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2017.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Binello A, Cravotto G, Boffa L, Stevanato L, Bellumori M, Innocenti M, Mulinacci N. Efficient and selective green extraction of polyphenols from lemon balm. CR CHIM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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15
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Anconi CPA, Santos TMR, Souza AC, Borges WMS, Sales ALR. Host–guest intermolecular hydrogen bonds and stability in aqueous media: the benzaldehyde/β-CD case study. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-017-0734-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Jicsinszky L, Caporaso M, Martina K, Calcio Gaudino E, Cravotto G. Efficient mechanochemical synthesis of regioselective persubstituted cyclodextrins. Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 12:2364-2371. [PMID: 28144304 PMCID: PMC5238617 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of per-6-substituted cyclodextrin derivative syntheses have been effectively carried out in a planetary ball mill under solvent-free conditions. The preparation of Bridion® and important per-6-amino/thiocyclodextrin intermediates without polar aprotic solvents, a source of byproducts and persistent impurities, could be performed. Isolation and purification processes could also be simplified. Considerably lower alkylthiol/halide ratio were necessary to reach the complete reaction in comparison with thiourea or azide reactions. While the presented mechanochemical syntheses were carried out on the millimolar scale, they are easily scalable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laszlo Jicsinszky
- Department of Drug Science and Technology and NIS - Centre for Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin (Italy)
| | - Marina Caporaso
- Department of Drug Science and Technology and NIS - Centre for Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin (Italy)
| | - Katia Martina
- Department of Drug Science and Technology and NIS - Centre for Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin (Italy)
| | - Emanuela Calcio Gaudino
- Department of Drug Science and Technology and NIS - Centre for Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin (Italy)
| | - Giancarlo Cravotto
- Department of Drug Science and Technology and NIS - Centre for Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin (Italy)
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17
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Wenz G, Monflier E. Superstructures with cyclodextrins: chemistry and applications III. Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 12:937-8. [PMID: 27340483 PMCID: PMC4902034 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Wenz
- Saarland University, Organic Macromolecular Chemistry, Campus C4 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Eric Monflier
- Université d'Artois, Unité de Catalyse et de Chimie du Solide (UCCS), CNRS, UMR 8181, Rue Jean Souvraz, SP 18, 62307 Lens, France
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18
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Maiti K, Jayaraman N. Synthesis and Structure of Cyclic Trisaccharide with Expanded Glycosidic Linkages. J Org Chem 2016; 81:4616-22. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Krishnagopal Maiti
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560 012, India
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