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Bhagwan Valjee R, Mackraj I, Moodley R, Ibrahim UH. Investigation of exosomal tetraspanin profile in sepsis patients as a promising diagnostic biomarker. Biomarkers 2024; 29:78-89. [PMID: 38354024 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2024.2319296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sepsis, a leading cause of mortality globally, has a complex and multifaceted pathophysiology which still requires elucidation. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze and quantify the number of exosomes in sepsis patients from a South African cohort using the ExoView (NanoView Biosciences, Boston, MA) platform. METHODS Blood samples were collected from black South African patients attending the local Intensive Care Unit (ICU) hospital. Exosomes were isolated and characterize via TEM and CD63 ELISA kits. ExoView was used to determine particle count, particle size distribution and colocalization of different tetraspanin markers. RESULTS Exosomal levels in sepsis patients were significantly higher compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Sepsis exosomes showed a homogenous size distribution ranging from 55 to 70 nm. Tetraspanin colocalization analysis revealed that sepsis exosomes have significantly higher CD63/CD9, CD63/CD81 and CD63/CD9/CD81 colocalization percentages than the control group. CONCLUSION This unique tetraspanin colocalization pattern of sepsis exosomes could serve as a potential sepsis biomarker. Further investigations are required to identify sepsis exosomal cargo signatures for further understanding of sepsis pathophysiology in order to develop effective diagnostics and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roushka Bhagwan Valjee
- Discipline of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Irene Mackraj
- Discipline of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Roshila Moodley
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Usri H Ibrahim
- Discipline of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Hirschberg Y, Valle‐Tamayo N, Dols‐Icardo O, Engelborghs S, Buelens B, Vandenbroucke RE, Vermeiren Y, Boonen K, Mertens I. Proteomic comparison between non-purified cerebrospinal fluid and cerebrospinal fluid-derived extracellular vesicles from patients with Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Lewy body dementia. J Extracell Vesicles 2023; 12:e12383. [PMID: 38082559 PMCID: PMC10714029 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Dementia is a leading cause of death worldwide, with increasing prevalence as global life expectancy increases. The most common neurodegenerative disorders are Alzheimer's disease (AD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD). With this study, we took an in-depth look at the proteome of the (non-purified) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the CSF-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) of AD, PD, PD-MCI (Parkinson's disease with mild cognitive impairment), PDD and DLB patients analysed by label-free mass spectrometry. This has led to the discovery of differentially expressed proteins that may be helpful for differential diagnosis. We observed a greater number of differentially expressed proteins in CSF-derived EV samples (N = 276) compared to non-purified CSF (N = 169), with minimal overlap between both datasets. This finding suggests that CSF-derived EV samples may be more suitable for the discovery phase of a biomarker study, due to the removal of more abundant proteins, resulting in a narrower dynamic range. As disease-specific markers, we selected a total of 39 biomarker candidates identified in non-purified CSF, and 37 biomarker candidates across the different diseases under investigation in the CSF-derived EV data. After further exploration and validation of these proteins, they can be used to further differentiate between the included dementias and may offer new avenues for research into more disease-specific pharmacological therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Hirschberg
- Health UnitFlemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO)MolBelgium
- Centre for Proteomics (CfP)University of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Natalia Valle‐Tamayo
- Department of Neurology, Sant Pau Memory Unit, Sant Pau Biomedical Research InstituteHospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED)MadridSpain
| | - Oriol Dols‐Icardo
- Department of Neurology, Sant Pau Memory Unit, Sant Pau Biomedical Research InstituteHospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED)MadridSpain
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Department of Neurology and Bru‐BRAINUniversitair Ziekenhuis Brussel and NEUR Research Group, Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)BrusselsBelgium
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Bart Buelens
- Data Science Hub, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO)MolBelgium
| | - Roosmarijn E. Vandenbroucke
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIBGhentBelgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular BiologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Yannick Vermeiren
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Translational NeurosciencesUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Chair Group of Nutritional BiologyWageningen University & Research (WUR)WageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Kurt Boonen
- Health UnitFlemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO)MolBelgium
- Centre for Proteomics (CfP)University of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Inge Mertens
- Health UnitFlemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO)MolBelgium
- Centre for Proteomics (CfP)University of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
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McIlvenna LC, Parker H, Seabright AP, Sale B, Anghileri G, Weaver SR, Lucas SJ, Whitham M. Single vesicle analysis reveals the release of tetraspanin positive extracellular vesicles into circulation with high intensity intermittent exercise. J Physiol 2023; 601:5093-5106. [PMID: 36855276 PMCID: PMC10953002 DOI: 10.1113/jp284047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are released from all cell types and participate in the intercellular exchange of proteins, lipids, metabolites and nucleic acids. Proteomic, flow cytometry and nanoparticle tracking analyses suggest sEVs are released into circulation with exercise. However, interpretation of these data may be influenced by sources of bias introduced by different analytical approaches. Seven healthy participants carried out a high intensity intermittent training (HIIT) cycle protocol consisting of 4 × 30 s at a work-rate corresponding to 200% of individual max power (watts) interspersed by 4.5 min of active recovery. EDTA-treated blood was collected before and immediately after the final effort. Platelet-poor (PPP) and platelet-free (PFP) plasma was derived by one or two centrifugal spins at 2500 g, respectively (15 min, room temperature). Platelets were counted on an automated haemocytometer. Plasma samples were assessed with the Exoview R100 platform, which immobilises sEVs expressing common tetraspanin markers CD9, CD63, CD81 and CD41a on microfluidic chips and with the aid of fluorescence imaging, counts their abundance at a single sEV resolution, importantly, without a pre-isolation step. There was a lower number of platelets in the PFP than PPP, which was associated with a lower number of CD9, CD63 and CD41a positive sEVs. HIIT induced an increase in fluorescence counts in CD9, CD63 and CD81 positive sEVs in both PPP and PFP. These data support the concept that sEVs are released into circulation with exercise. Furthermore, platelet-free plasma is the preferred, representative analyte to study sEV dynamics and phenotype during exercise. KEY POINTS: Small extracellular vesicles (sEV) are nano-sized particles containing protein, metabolites, lipid and RNA that can be transferred from cell to cell. Previous findings implicate that sEVs are released into circulation with exhaustive, aerobic exercise, but since there is no gold standard method to isolate sEVs, these findings may be subject to bias introduced by different approaches. Here, we use a novel method to immobilise and image sEVs, at single-vesicle resolution, to show sEVs are released into circulation with high intensity intermittent exercise. Since platelet depletion of plasma results in a reduction in sEVs, platelet-free plasma is the preferred analyte to examine sEV dynamics and phenotype in the context of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke C. McIlvenna
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
- Epigenetics & Cellular Senescence Group, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Hannah‐Jade Parker
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
- MRC‐Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing ResearchUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Alex P. Seabright
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Benedict Sale
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Genevieve Anghileri
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health SciencesLoughborough UniversityLoughboroughUK
| | - Samuel R.C. Weaver
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Samuel J.E. Lucas
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Martin Whitham
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
- MRC‐Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing ResearchUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
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Feng J, Yao Y, Wang Q, Han X, Deng X, Cao Y, Chen X, Zhou M, Zhao C. Exosomes: Potential key players towards novel therapeutic options in diabetic wounds. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115297. [PMID: 37562235 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic wounds are usually difficult to heal, and wounds in foot in particular are often aggravated by infection, trauma, diabetic neuropathy, peripheral vascular disease and other factors, resulting in serious foot ulcers. The pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of diabetic wounds are complicated, and there is still a lack of objective and in-depth laboratory diagnosis and classification standards. Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles containing DNA, mRNA, microRNA, cyclic RNA, metabolites, lipids, cytoplasm and cell surface proteins, etc., which are involved in intercellular communication and play a crucial role in vascular regeneration, tissue repair and inflammation regulation in the process of diabetic wound healing. Here, we discussed exosomes of different cellular origins, such as diabetic wound-related fibroblasts (DWAF), adipose stem cells (ASCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), immune cells, platelets, human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs), epidermal stem cells (ESCs), and their various molecular components. They exhibit multiple therapeutic effects during diabetic wound healing, including promoting cell proliferation and migration associated with wound healing, regulating macrophage polarization to inhibit inflammatory responses, promoting nerve repair, and promoting vascular renewal and accelerating wound vascularization. In addition, exosomes can be designed to deliver different therapeutic loads and have the ability to deliver them to the desired target. Therefore, exosomes may become an innovative target for precision therapeutics in diabetic wounds. In this review, we summarize the latest research on the role of exosomes in the healing of diabetic wound by regulating the pathogenesis of diabetic wounds, and discuss their potential applications in the precision treatment of diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Feng
- Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Yichen Yao
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qixue Wang
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaozhou Han
- Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Xiaofei Deng
- Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Yemin Cao
- Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Xinghua Chen
- Jinshan Hospital Afflicted to Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Mingmei Zhou
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Cheng Zhao
- Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China.
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Qiu L, Liu X, Zhu L, Luo L, Sun N, Pei R. Current Advances in Technologies for Single Extracellular Vesicle Analysis and Its Clinical Applications in Cancer Diagnosis. Biosensors (Basel) 2023; 13:129. [PMID: 36671964 PMCID: PMC9856491 DOI: 10.3390/bios13010129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been regarded as one of the most potential diagnostic biomarkers for different cancers, due to their unique physiological and pathological functions. However, it is still challenging to precisely analyze the contents and sources of EVs, due to their heterogeneity. Herein, we summarize the advances in technologies for a single EV analysis, which may provide new strategies to study the heterogeneity of EVs, as well as their cargo, more specifically. Furthermore, the applications of a single EV analysis on cancer early diagnosis are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xingzhu Liu
- Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Libo Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Liqiang Luo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Na Sun
- Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Renjun Pei
- Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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Suthar J, Taub M, Carney RP, Williams GR, Guldin S. Recent developments in biosensing methods for extracellular vesicle protein characterization. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2023; 15:e1839. [PMID: 35999185 PMCID: PMC10078591 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Research into extracellular vesicles (EVs) has grown significantly over the last few decades with EVs being widely regarded as a source of biomarkers for human health and disease with massive clinical potential. Secreted by every cell type in the body, EVs report on the internal cellular conditions across all tissue types. Their presence in readily accessible biofluids makes the potential of EV biosensing highly attractive as a noninvasive diagnostic platform via liquid biopsies. However, their small size (50-250 nm), inherent heterogeneity, and the complexity of the native biofluids introduce challenges for effective characterization, thus, limiting their clinical utility. This has led to a surge in the development of various novel EV biosensing techniques, with capabilities beyond those of conventional methods that have been directly transferred from cell biology. In this review, key detection principles used for EV biosensing are summarized, with a focus on some of the most recent and fundamental developments in the field over the last 5 years. This article is categorized under: Diagnostic Tools > Biosensing Diagnostic Tools > In Vitro Nanoparticle-Based Sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jugal Suthar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK.,UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marissa Taub
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK
| | - Randy P Carney
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | | | - Stefan Guldin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
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Hefley BS, Deighan C, Vasini B, Khan A, Hjortdal J, Riaz KM, Liu Y, Karamichos D. Revealing the presence of tear extracellular vesicles in Keratoconus. Exp Eye Res 2022; 224:109242. [PMID: 36084727 PMCID: PMC10159047 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid-bound vesicles that originate from the endosomal system or budded off from the plasma membrane. EVs are involved in cell-cell communication via transporting DNA, RNA, and proteins from one cell to another. Tear EVs (tEVs) have been reported in dry eye, Sjӧgren's Syndrome, and primary open-angle glaucoma. In this study, we sought to investigate the presence of tEVs in relation to keratoconus (KC). Tears were passively collected from the lateral meniscus from 10 healthy (5 males and 5 females) and 9 KC (4 males and 5 females) subjects. Tear samples were processed and analyzed using the ExoView™ R100. Statistical analysis was performed using a Mann-Whitney U non-parametric Student's t-test. All tEVs, in both Healthy and KC subjects, showed a CD9+ dominant tEV cohort independent of sex. A significant decrease in CD63+/CD9+ and CD63+/CD81+/CD9+ was found in the male KC tEVs (p < 0.05), but not in females compared to their healthy counterparts. Neither Healthy nor KC tEVs showed differences in the total number of tEVs, however significant differences were identified between the sexes (p < 0.05), with males having a higher number of tEVs. tEVs diameters ranged from 50 to 200 nm, in both Healthy and KC cohorts, with the majority in the 50-80 nm range suggesting exosome-dominant cohorts. To our knowledge, this is the first time, to date, that tEVs have been isolated and characterized in KCs. While further studies are warranted, the tEVs differences between KC and Healthy subjects suggest a potential role for tEVs in KC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenna S Hefley
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | | | - Brenda Vasini
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Asher Khan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Jesper Hjortdal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 167, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Kamran M Riaz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Yutao Liu
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; James & Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Dimitrios Karamichos
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA.
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