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Jinawong K, Piamsiri C, Apaijai N, Maneechote C, Pintana H, Chunchai T, Arunsak B, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn SC. Treatment with apoptosis inhibitor restores cognitive impairment in rats with myocardial infarction. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166809. [PMID: 37453581 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that apoptosis is responsible for cognitive impairment in rats with myocardial infarction (MI). Acute administration of an apoptosis inhibitor (Z-vad) effectively reduced brain inflammation in rats with cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, the beneficial effects of Z-vad on cognitive function, brain inflammation, mitochondrial function, cell death pathways, and neurogenesis in MI rats have not been investigated. Male rats were divided into sham or MI groups (left anterior descending coronary ligation). A successful MI was determined by a reduction of ejection fraction <50 %. Then, MI rats were allocated to receive vehicle, enalapril (10 mg/kg, a positive control), and Z-vad (1 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. Cardiac function, cognitive function, and molecular analysis were investigated. MI rats exhibited cardiac dysfunction, cognitive impairment, blood brain barrier (BBB) breakdown, dendritic spine loss, which were accompanied by an upregulation of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis. Chronic treatment with Z-vad attenuated cardiac dysfunction following MI to the same extent as enalapril. Z-vad successfully improved cognitive function and restored dendritic spine density in MI rats through a reduction of systemic oxidative stress and brain mitochondrial dysfunction similar to enalapril. Moreover, Z-vad provided greater efficacy than enalapril in enhancing mitophagy, neurogenesis, synaptic proteins and reducing apoptosis in hippocampus of MI rats. Nevertheless, neither Z-vad nor enalapril increased BBB tight junction protein. In conclusion, treatment with an apoptosis inhibitor reduced cognitive impairment in MI rats via reducing oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, and restoring dendritic spine density, together with enhancing mitophagy and neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewarin Jinawong
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 50200, Thailand
| | - Chanon Piamsiri
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 50200, Thailand
| | - Nattayaporn Apaijai
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 50200, Thailand
| | - Chayodom Maneechote
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Hiranya Pintana
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Titikorn Chunchai
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Busarin Arunsak
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 50200, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 50200, Thailand.
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Liao S, Apaijai N, Luo Y, Wu J, Chunchai T, Singhanat K, Arunsak B, Benjanuwattra J, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn SC. Cell death inhibitors protect against brain damage caused by cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury. Cell Death Dis 2021; 7:312. [PMID: 34689160 PMCID: PMC8542034 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00698-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment has been reported in patients with myocardial infarction despite a successful reperfusion therapy. Several modes of cell death are involved in brain damage during cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Although apoptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis inhibitors provided neuroprotection against cerebral I/R injury, the effects of these cell death inhibitors on the brain following cardiac I/R injury have never been investigated. We hypothesized that apoptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis inhibitors attenuate brain damage following cardiac I/R injury. One-hundred and twenty-six male rats were used: 6 rats were assigned to sham operation and 120 rats were subjected to 30-min regional cardiac ischemia and 120-min reperfusion. Rats in cardiac I/R group were pretreated with either vehicle (n = 12) or one of cell death inhibitors. Rats treated with apoptosis, necroptosis, or ferroptosis inhibitor were subdivided into three different doses including low (L), medium (M), and high (H) doses (n = 12/group). Z-VAD, necrostatin-1 (Nec-1), and ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) were used as apoptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis inhibitor, respectively. Rats were sacrificed at the end of reperfusion, and the brain was used to analyze dendritic spine density, Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related proteins, blood-brain barrier (BBB) tight junction proteins, mitochondrial function, inflammation, and cell death. Our data showed that cardiac I/R led to brain damage and only apoptosis occurred in the hippocampus after cardiac I/R injury. In the cardiac I/R group, treatment with M-Z-VAD and all doses of Nec-1 decreased hippocampal apoptosis and amyloid beta aggregation, thereby reducing dendritic spine loss. M- and H-Fer-1 also reduced dendritic spine loss by suppressing ACSL4, TNF-α, amyloid beta, and tau hyperphosphorylation. Moreover, Bax/Bcl-2 was decreased in all treatment regimen except L-Z-VAD. Additionally, M-Z-VAD and M-Fer-1 partially attenuated mitochondrial dysfunction. Only L-Nec-1 preserved BBB proteins. In conclusion, cell death inhibitors prevented hippocampal dendritic spine loss caused by cardiac I/R injury through different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchan Liao
- grid.7132.70000 0000 9039 7662Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand ,grid.7132.70000 0000 9039 7662Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand ,grid.7132.70000 0000 9039 7662Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Nattayaporn Apaijai
- grid.7132.70000 0000 9039 7662Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand ,grid.7132.70000 0000 9039 7662Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand ,grid.7132.70000 0000 9039 7662Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Ying Luo
- grid.7132.70000 0000 9039 7662Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand ,grid.7132.70000 0000 9039 7662Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand ,grid.7132.70000 0000 9039 7662Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Jun Wu
- grid.7132.70000 0000 9039 7662Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand ,grid.7132.70000 0000 9039 7662Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Titikorn Chunchai
- grid.7132.70000 0000 9039 7662Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand ,grid.7132.70000 0000 9039 7662Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Kodchanan Singhanat
- grid.7132.70000 0000 9039 7662Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand ,grid.7132.70000 0000 9039 7662Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand ,grid.7132.70000 0000 9039 7662Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Busarin Arunsak
- grid.7132.70000 0000 9039 7662Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand ,grid.7132.70000 0000 9039 7662Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Juthipong Benjanuwattra
- grid.7132.70000 0000 9039 7662Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand ,grid.7132.70000 0000 9039 7662Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- grid.7132.70000 0000 9039 7662Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand ,grid.7132.70000 0000 9039 7662Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand ,grid.7132.70000 0000 9039 7662Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Siriporn C. Chattipakorn
- grid.7132.70000 0000 9039 7662Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand ,grid.7132.70000 0000 9039 7662Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand ,grid.7132.70000 0000 9039 7662Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
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Bao Z, Fan L, Zhao L, Xu X, Liu Y, Chao H, Liu N, You Y, Liu Y, Wang X, Ji J. Silencing of A20 Aggravates Neuronal Death and Inflammation After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Potential Trigger of Necroptosis. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:222. [PMID: 31607859 PMCID: PMC6761256 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death is an important biological process that plays an indispensable role in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Inhibition of necroptosis, a type of programmed cell death, is pivotal in neuroprotection and in preventing associated inflammatory responses. Our results showed that necroptosis occurred in human brain tissues after TBI. Necroptosis was also induced by controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury in a rat model of TBI and was accompanied by high translocation of high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) to the cytoplasm. HMGB1 was then passed through the impaired cell membrane to upregulate the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE), nuclear factor (NF)-κB, and inflammatory factors such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1 (IL-1β), as well as NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3). Necroptosis was alleviated by necrostatin-1 and melatonin but not Z-VAD (a caspase inhibitor), which is consistent with the characteristic of caspase-independent signaling. This study also demonstrated that tumor necrosis factor, alpha-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3, also known as A20) was indispensable for regulating and controlling necroptosis and inflammation after CCI. We found that a lack of A20 in a CCI model led to aggressive necroptosis and attenuated the anti-necroptotic effects of necrostatin-1 and melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyuan Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiupeng Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yinlong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Honglu Chao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongping You
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Li X, Wu X. Soluble epoxide hydrolase ( Ephx2) silencing attenuates the hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative damage in IEC-6 cells. Arch Med Sci 2019; 17:1075-1086. [PMID: 34336035 PMCID: PMC8314398 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2019.87137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oxidative stress can cause intestinal disease. Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH, Ephx2) is related to cell apoptosis. The effect of Ephx2 on the H2O2-induced oxidative damage remains unclear. Thus, we aimed to explore the effect of Ephx2 on oxidative damage and the underlying potential mechanism. MATERIAL AND METHODS The cell viability was determined using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. The reactive oxygen species (ROS), apoptosis, and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were examined using flow cytometry analysis. Commercial kits were applied to respectively determine the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. The expressions of target factors were measured by conducting quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot. RESULTS We found that knockdown of Ephx2 enhanced the viability of H2O2-treated IEC-6 cells, and that si-Ephx2 reduced the ROS level, MMP loss, and apoptosis in comparison to the H2O2 model group. Knockdown of Ephx2 was found to decrease LDH activity and MDA content, and to improve the SOD activity in comparison to those in the H2O2 model group. Knockdown of Ephx2 reduced the expressions of Fas, Fasl, Bax, and cleavedcaspase-3 and elevated the expression of Bcl-2 in H2O2-treated IEC-6 cells. Furthermore, we observed that knockdown of Ephx2 enhanced the phosphorylation of PI3K, Akt, and GSK3β, which were reduced by the treatment of H2O2. In addition, the anti-apoptotic effect of si-Ephx2 was enhanced in the presence of AUDA-pharmacological Ephx2 inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS Ephx2 silencing inhibited H2O2-induced oxidative damage. The PI3K/Akt/GSK3β pathway was related to the effect of si-Ephx2. Our study provided a potential target for the prevention of intestinal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Li
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, First People's Hospital of Yuhang District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqin Wu
- Anorectal Care Unit, First People's Hospital of Yuhang District, Hangzhou, China
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Liao W, Zheng Y, Fang W, Liao S, Xiong Y, Li Y, Xiao S, Zhang X, Liu J. Dual Specificity Phosphatase 6 Protects Neural Stem Cells from β-Amyloid-Induced Cytotoxicity through ERK1/2 Inactivation. Biomolecules 2018; 8:E181. [PMID: 30572643 PMCID: PMC6315916 DOI: 10.3390/biom8040181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease with limited treatment options and no cure. Beta-amyloid (Aβ) is a hallmark of AD that has potent neurotoxicity in neural stem cells (NSCs). Dual specificity phosphatase 6 (DUSP6) is a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), which is involved in regulating various physiological and pathological processes. Whether DUSP6 has a protective effect on Aβ-induced NSC injury remains to be explored. C17.2 neural stem cells were transfected with DUSP6-overexpressed plasmid. NSCs with or without DUSP6 overexpression were administrated with Aβ25⁻35 at various concentrations (i.e., 0, 2.5, 5 μM). DUSP6 expression after Aβ treatment was detected by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot and cell vitality was examined by the CCK8 assay. The oxidative stress (intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA)), endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER calcium level) and mitochondrial dysfunction (cytochrome c homeostasis) were tested. The expression of p-ERK1/2 and ERK1/2 were assayed by Western blot. Our results showed that Aβ decreased the expression of DUSP6 in a dose-dependent manner. The overexpression of DUSP6 increased the cell vitality of NSCs after Aβ treatment. Oxidative stress, ER stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by Aβ could be restored by DUSP6 overexpression. Additionally, the Aβ-induced ERK1/2 activation was reversed. In summary, DUSP6 might have a neuroprotective effect on Aβ-induced cytotoxicity, probably via ERK1/2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Liao
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA.
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.
| | - Yuqiu Zheng
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.
| | - Wenli Fang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.
| | - Shaowei Liao
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.
| | - Ying Xiong
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.
| | - Yi Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.
| | - Songhua Xiao
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.
| | - Xingcai Zhang
- John A Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Jun Liu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.
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McKelvey KJ, Hudson AL, Back M, Eade T, Diakos CI. Radiation, inflammation and the immune response in cancer. Mamm Genome 2018; 29:843-865. [PMID: 30178305 PMCID: PMC6267675 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-018-9777-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Radiation is an important component of cancer treatment with more than half of all patients receive radiotherapy during their cancer experience. While the impact of radiation on tumour morphology is routinely examined in the pre-clinical and clinical setting, the impact of radiation on the tumour microenvironment and more specifically the inflammatory/immune response is less well characterised. Inflammation is a key contributor to short- and long-term cancer eradication, with significant tumour and normal tissue consequences. Therefore, the role of radiation in modulating the inflammatory response is highly topical given the current wave of targeted and immuno-therapeutic treatments for cancer. This review provides a general overview of how radiation modulates the inflammatory and immune response—(i) how radiation induces the inflammatory/immune system, (ii) the cellular changes that take place, (iii) how radiation dose delivery affects the immune response, and (iv) a discussion on research directions to improve patient survival, reduce side effects, improve quality of life, and reduce financial costs in the immediate future. Harnessing the benefits of radiation on the immune response will enhance its maximal therapeutic benefit and reduce radiation-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly J McKelvey
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Northern Sydney Local Health District Research and the Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia. .,Sydney Neuro-Oncology Group, North Shore Private Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia. .,Sydney Vital Translational Research Centre, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia.
| | - Amanda L Hudson
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Northern Sydney Local Health District Research and the Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia.,Sydney Neuro-Oncology Group, North Shore Private Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia.,Sydney Vital Translational Research Centre, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia
| | - Michael Back
- Sydney Neuro-Oncology Group, North Shore Private Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia.,Northern Sydney Cancer Centre, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia
| | - Tom Eade
- Northern Sydney Cancer Centre, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia
| | - Connie I Diakos
- Sydney Vital Translational Research Centre, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia.,Northern Sydney Cancer Centre, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia
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Tristão VR, Pessoa EA, Nakamichi R, Reis LA, Batista MC, Durão Junior MDS, Monte JCM. Synergistic effect of apoptosis and necroptosis inhibitors in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Apoptosis 2016; 21:51-9. [PMID: 26519037 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-015-1190-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Necroptosis is a nonapoptotic cell death pathway. We aim to study the effect of necrostatin-1 (a specific necroptosis inhibitor) in cisplatin-induced injury. We analyzed the effect of the combined use of inhibitors of apoptosis (z-vad) and necroptosis (necrostatin-1) in acute kidney injury by cisplatin in human proximal tubule cells. Our results showed moderate effectiveness in cytoprotection after treatment with z-vad. But the concomitant use of inhibitors (z-vad and necrostatin-1) presented synergistic and additive protection. The present study analyzed the caspase-3 activity and we observed a significant decrease in the group treated with z-vad and cisplatin. However we did not observe changes in the group treated with both inhibitors (z-vad and necrostatin-1) and cisplatin. Thus, demonstrating that necroptosis is a caspase-independent mechanism. We also analyzed the effect of necrostatin-1 in vivo model. C57BL/6 mice were treated with cisplatin and/or inhibitors. The concomitant use of inhibitors (z-vad and necrostatin-1) recovered renal function and decreased levels of urinary Ngal. Additionally, we analyzed the expression of RIP-1, a specific marker for necroptosis. In animals treated with cisplatin and z-VAD levels of RIP-1 were higher. This result reinforces that necroptosis occurs only in conditions where apoptosis was blocked. However, the use of both inhibitors (z-vad and necrostatin-1) provided additional protection. In conclusion, our study has a significant potential to show in vitro and in vivo protection obtained by necrostatin-1. Therefore, our results suggest that necroptosis may be an important mechanism of cell death after kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Regina Tristão
- Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 740, 2º andar, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Edson A Pessoa
- Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 740, 2º andar, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata Nakamichi
- Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 740, 2º andar, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana A Reis
- Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 740, 2º andar, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Costa Batista
- Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 740, 2º andar, São Paulo, Brazil
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Han F, Wang O, Cai Q. Anti-apoptotic treatment in mouse models of age-related hearing loss. J Otol 2016; 11:7-12. [PMID: 29937804 PMCID: PMC6002598 DOI: 10.1016/j.joto.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related hearing loss (AHL), or presbycusis, is the most common neurodegenerative disorder and top communication deficit of the aged population. Genetic predisposition is one of the major factors in the development of AHL. Generally, AHL is associated with an age-dependent loss of sensory hair cells, spiral ganglion neurons and stria vascularis cells in the inner ear. Although the mechanisms leading to genetic hearing loss are not completely understood, caspase-family proteases function as important signals in the inner ear pathology. It is now accepted that mouse models are the best tools to study the mechanism of genetic hearing loss or AHL. Here, we provide a brief review of recent studies on hearing improvement in mouse models of AHL by anti-apoptotic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengchan Han
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Hearing Disorders in Shandong, Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guanhai Road, Yantai 264003, Shandong, PR China
- Institute of Neurobiology, School of Special Education, Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guanhai Road, Yantai 264003, Shandong, PR China
- Corresponding author. Key Laboratory for Genetic Hearing Disorders in Shandong, and Institute of Neurobiology, School of Special Education, Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guanhai Road, Yantai 264003, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Oumei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Hearing Disorders in Shandong, Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guanhai Road, Yantai 264003, Shandong, PR China
- Institute of Neurobiology, School of Special Education, Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guanhai Road, Yantai 264003, Shandong, PR China
| | - Quanxiang Cai
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Hearing Disorders in Shandong, Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guanhai Road, Yantai 264003, Shandong, PR China
- Institute of Neurobiology, School of Special Education, Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guanhai Road, Yantai 264003, Shandong, PR China
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Isoquercitrin Inhibits Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Apoptosis of EA.hy926 Cells via the PI3K/Akt/GSK3β Signaling Pathway. Molecules 2016; 21:356. [PMID: 27007368 PMCID: PMC6273854 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21030356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a critical role in endothelial injury and the pathogenesis of diverse cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis. Isoquercitrin (quercetin-3-glucoside), a flavonoid distributed widely in plants, exhibits many biological activities, including anti-allergic, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidative effects. In the present study, the inhibitory effect of isoquercitrin on H2O2-induced apoptosis of EA.hy926 cells was evaluated. MTT assays showed that isoquercitrin significantly inhibited H2O2-induced loss of viability in EA.hy926 cells. Hoechst33342/PI and Annexin V-FITC/PI fluorescent double staining indicated that isoquercitrin inhibited H2O2-induced apoptosis of EA.hy926 cells. Western blotting demonstrated that isoquercitrin prevented H2O2-induced increases in cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved caspase-3 expression, while increasing expression of anti-apoptotic protein Mcl-1. Additionally, isoquercitrin significantly increased the expression of p-Akt and p-GSK3β in a dose-dependent manner in EA.hy926 cells. LY294002, a PI3K/Akt inhibitor, inhibited isoquercitrin-induced GSK3β phosphorylation and increase of Mcl-1 expression, which indicated that regulation of isoquercitrin on Mcl-1 expression was likely related to the modulation of Akt activation. These results demonstrated that the anti-apoptotic effect of isoquercitrin on H2O2-induced EA.hy926 cells was likely associated with the regulation of isoquercitrin on Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway and that isoquercitrin could be used clinically to interfere with the progression of endothelial injury-associated cardiovascular disease.
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Han X, Ge R, Xie G, Li P, Zhao X, Gao L, Zhang H, Wang O, Huang F, Han F. Caspase-mediated apoptosis in the cochleae contributes to the early onset of hearing loss in A/J mice. ASN Neuro 2015; 7:7/1/1759091415573985. [PMID: 25732708 PMCID: PMC4366423 DOI: 10.1177/1759091415573985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A/J and C57BL/6 J (B6) mice share a mutation in Cdh23 (ahl allele) and are characterized by age-related hearing loss. However, hearing loss occurs much earlier in A/J mice at about four weeks of age. Recent study has revealed that a mutation in citrate synthase (Cs) is one of the main contributors, but the mechanism is largely unknown. In the present study, we showed that A/J mice displayed more severe degeneration of hair cells, spiral ganglion neurons, and stria vascularis in the cochleae compared with B6 mice. Moreover, messenger RNA accumulation levels of caspase-3 and caspase-9 in the inner ears of A/J mice were significantly higher than those in B6 mice at 2 and 8 weeks of age. Immunohistochemistry localized caspase-3 expression mainly to the hair cells, spiral ganglion neurons, and stria vascularis in cochleae. In vitro transfection with Cs short hairpin RNA (shRNA) alone or cotransfection with Cs shRNA and Cdh23 shRNA significantly increased the levels of caspase-3 in an inner ear cell line (HEI-OC1). Finally, a pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK could preserve the hearing of A/J mice by lowering about 15 decibels of the sound pressure level for the auditory-evoked brainstem response thresholds. In conclusion, our results suggest that caspase-mediated apoptosis in the cochleae, which may be related to a Cs mutation, contributes to the early onset of hearing loss in A/J mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Han
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Hearing Disorders in Shandong, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, P. R. China
- Transformative Otology and Neuroscience Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, P. R. China
| | - Ruli Ge
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Hearing Disorders in Shandong, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, P. R. China
- Transformative Otology and Neuroscience Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, P. R. China
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, P. R. China
| | - Gang Xie
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Hearing Disorders in Shandong, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, P. R. China
- Transformative Otology and Neuroscience Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, P. R. China
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Hearing Disorders in Shandong, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, P. R. China
- Transformative Otology and Neuroscience Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Hearing Disorders in Shandong, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, P. R. China
- Transformative Otology and Neuroscience Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, P. R. China
| | - Lixiang Gao
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Hearing Disorders in Shandong, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, P. R. China
- Transformative Otology and Neuroscience Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, P. R. China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Hearing Disorders in Shandong, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, P. R. China
- Transformative Otology and Neuroscience Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, P. R. China
| | - Oumei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Hearing Disorders in Shandong, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, P. R. China
- Transformative Otology and Neuroscience Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, P. R. China
| | - Fei Huang
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Hearing Disorders in Shandong, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, P. R. China
- Transformative Otology and Neuroscience Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, P. R. China
- § Fengchan Han, Key Laboratory for Genetic Hearing Disorders in Shandong and Transformative Otology and Neuroscience Center, Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guanhai Road, Yantai 264003, Shandong, P. R. China. ; Fei Huang, Key Laboratory for Genetic Hearing Disorders in Shandong and Transformative Otology and Neuroscience Center, Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guanhai Road, Yantai 264003, Shandong, P. R. China.
| | - Fengchan Han
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Hearing Disorders in Shandong, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, P. R. China
- Transformative Otology and Neuroscience Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, P. R. China
- § Fengchan Han, Key Laboratory for Genetic Hearing Disorders in Shandong and Transformative Otology and Neuroscience Center, Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guanhai Road, Yantai 264003, Shandong, P. R. China. ; Fei Huang, Key Laboratory for Genetic Hearing Disorders in Shandong and Transformative Otology and Neuroscience Center, Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guanhai Road, Yantai 264003, Shandong, P. R. China.
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Meng Z, Li J, Zhao H, Liu H, Zhang G, Wang L, Hu HE, Li DI, Liu M, Bi F, Wang X, Tian G, Liu Q, Buren B. Resveratrol relieves ischemia-induced oxidative stress in the hippocampus by activating SIRT1. Exp Ther Med 2015; 10:525-530. [PMID: 26622348 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol, a naturally occurring phytoalexin, acts as an activator of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and has been shown to have a neuroprotective role in various models. Healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to cerebral ischemia in order to study the protective effect of resveratrol on the brain following ischemia, and to investigate the effects of SIRT1 activation on the hippocampus. Untreated and resveratrol-treated rats were anesthetized prior to undergoing surgery to induce middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by reperfusion. SIRT1 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry, western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and SIRT1 activity was also evaluated. In addition, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) and Nissl staining assays were conducted and the levels of reactive oxygen species were determined. It was observed that resveratrol significantly decreased the number of TUNEL-positive cells and increased the expression of SIRT1 mRNA in a dose-dependent manner. This was accompanied by increases in SIRT1 protein expression levels and SIRT1 activity. The results demonstrate the neuroprotective and antioxidant effects of resveratrol against ischemia-induced apoptosis in the rat hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuangzhi Meng
- Department of Human Anatomy, The School of Medicine of Inner Mongolia University for The Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028041, P.R. China ; Department of Preventive Medicine, The School of Medicine of Inner Mongolia University for The Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028041, P.R. China
| | - Jianguo Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, The School of Medicine of Inner Mongolia University for The Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028041, P.R. China ; Department of Preventive Medicine, The School of Medicine of Inner Mongolia University for The Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028041, P.R. China ; Laboratory of Biomedicine and Department of Mongolian Medicine Hematology-Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for The Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028007, P.R. China
| | - Honglin Zhao
- Department of Human Anatomy, The School of Medicine of Inner Mongolia University for The Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028041, P.R. China ; Department of Preventive Medicine, The School of Medicine of Inner Mongolia University for The Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028041, P.R. China
| | - Haiying Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy, The School of Medicine of Inner Mongolia University for The Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028041, P.R. China ; Department of Preventive Medicine, The School of Medicine of Inner Mongolia University for The Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028041, P.R. China
| | - Guowei Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, The School of Medicine of Inner Mongolia University for The Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028041, P.R. China ; Department of Preventive Medicine, The School of Medicine of Inner Mongolia University for The Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028041, P.R. China
| | - Lingzhan Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, The School of Medicine of Inner Mongolia University for The Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028041, P.R. China ; Department of Preventive Medicine, The School of Medicine of Inner Mongolia University for The Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028041, P.R. China
| | - H E Hu
- Department of Human Anatomy, The School of Medicine of Inner Mongolia University for The Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028041, P.R. China ; Department of Preventive Medicine, The School of Medicine of Inner Mongolia University for The Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028041, P.R. China
| | - D I Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, The School of Medicine of Inner Mongolia University for The Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028041, P.R. China ; Department of Preventive Medicine, The School of Medicine of Inner Mongolia University for The Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028041, P.R. China
| | - Mingjing Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy, The School of Medicine of Inner Mongolia University for The Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028041, P.R. China ; Department of Preventive Medicine, The School of Medicine of Inner Mongolia University for The Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028041, P.R. China
| | - Fulong Bi
- Department of Human Anatomy, The School of Medicine of Inner Mongolia University for The Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028041, P.R. China ; Department of Preventive Medicine, The School of Medicine of Inner Mongolia University for The Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028041, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, The School of Medicine of Inner Mongolia University for The Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028041, P.R. China ; Department of Preventive Medicine, The School of Medicine of Inner Mongolia University for The Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028041, P.R. China
| | - Geng Tian
- Department of Human Anatomy, The School of Medicine of Inner Mongolia University for The Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028041, P.R. China ; Department of Preventive Medicine, The School of Medicine of Inner Mongolia University for The Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028041, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
| | - Batu Buren
- Laboratory of Biomedicine and Department of Mongolian Medicine Hematology-Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for The Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028007, P.R. China
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Gao W, Liang JX, Liu S, Liu C, Liu XF, Wang XQ, Yan Q. Oxidative damage of DNA induced by X-irradiation decreases the uterine endometrial receptivity which involves mitochondrial and lysosomal dysfunction. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:3401-3410. [PMID: 26064230 PMCID: PMC4443064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
X irradiation may lead to female infertility and the mechanism is still not clear. After X irradiation exposure, significantly morphological changes and functional decline in endometrial epithelial cells were observed. The mitochondrial and lysosomal dysfunction and oxidative DNA damage were noticed after X irradiation. In addition, pretreatment with NAC, NH4Cl or Pep A reduced the X irradiation induced damages. These studies demonstrate that the oxidative DNA damage which involved dysfunctional lysosomal and mitochondrial contribute to X irradiation-induced impaired receptive state of uterine endometrium and proper protective reagents can be helpful in improving endometrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and GlycoengineeringDalian, PRC
| | - Jin-Xiao Liang
- Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, PRC
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and GlycoengineeringDalian, PRC
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and GlycoengineeringDalian, PRC
| | - Xiao-Fang Liu
- Department of Public Health, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, PRC
| | - Xiao-Qi Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University’s Feinberg School of MedicineChicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Qiu Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and GlycoengineeringDalian, PRC
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