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Immune Functions Alterations Due to Racing Stress in Thoroughbred Horses. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12091203. [PMID: 35565629 PMCID: PMC9104563 DOI: 10.3390/ani12091203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Racehorses are under constant stress when training and during competitions. It is known that high levels of cortisol, the hormone responsible for stress regulation, can impact the immune system. Hence, the importance of assessing the immune cells, blood components and cortisol during different times of athlete horses’ routines, including races. This research verified the impact of training and racing on the immune function of Thoroughbreds’ trough phagocytosis and oxidative neutrophil burst assays, serum cortisol determination, erythrocytes apoptosis, lymphoproliferation, and blood count analyses. Abstract Racehorses are constantly exposed to stress. Aiming to verify the state of blood components and cortisol alterations during their routine and after races, phagocytosis and oxidative neutrophil burst assays, serum cortisol determination, erythrocytes apoptosis evaluation, lymphoproliferation assays, and blood count tests were performed in thirty Thoroughbred racehorses, which were divided in two groups. The samples were taken right after races (moment 0 d), during rest periods (−11 d, +1 d, +3 d), and after training (−8, +2, +5). In both groups, the phagocytosis showed a decrease in percentage and intensity immediately after the race when comparing samples collected during rest or training periods. In the mean values of oxidative burst on samples collected immediately after the race, group I animals demonstrated a decrease (524.2 ± 248.9) when compared with those samples collected in other moments. No significant differences were found between the results of different moments regarding the apoptotic cells and lymphoproliferation assays. The mean values of serum cortisol levels were increased immediately after racing. There was an increase in the percentage of neutrophils found immediately after the race. It was possible to conclude that, although a transient reduction was found in the number of neutrophils, the horses’ adaptive function was not affected.
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Yin K, Lee J, Liu Z, Kim H, Martin DR, Wu D, Liu M, Xue X. Mitophagy protein PINK1 suppresses colon tumor growth by metabolic reprogramming via p53 activation and reducing acetyl-CoA production. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:2421-2435. [PMID: 33723373 PMCID: PMC8329176 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00760-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the US. Understanding the mechanisms of CRC progression is essential to improve treatment. Mitochondria is the powerhouse for healthy cells. However, in tumor cells, less energy is produced by the mitochondria and metabolic reprogramming is an early hallmark of cancer. The metabolic differences between normal and cancer cells are being interrogated to uncover new therapeutic approaches. Mitochondria targeting PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) is a key regulator of mitophagy, the selective elimination of damaged mitochondria by autophagy. Defective mitophagy is increasingly associated with various diseases including CRC. However, a significant gap exists in our understanding of how PINK1-dependent mitophagy participates in the metabolic regulation of CRC. By mining Oncomine, we found that PINK1 expression was downregulated in human CRC tissues compared to normal colons. Moreover, disruption of PINK1 increased colon tumorigenesis in two colitis-associated CRC mouse models, suggesting that PINK1 functions as a tumor suppressor in CRC. PINK1 overexpression in murine colon tumor cells promoted mitophagy, decreased glycolysis and increased mitochondrial respiration potentially via activation of p53 signaling pathways. In contrast, PINK1 deletion decreased apoptosis, increased glycolysis, and reduced mitochondrial respiration and p53 signaling. Interestingly, PINK1 overexpression in vivo increased apoptotic cell death and suppressed colon tumor xenograft growth. Metabolomic analysis revealed that acetyl-CoA was significantly reduced in tumors with PINK1 overexpression, which was partly due to activation of the HIF-1α-pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) kinase 1 (PDHK1)-PDHE1α axis. Strikingly, treating mice with acetate increased acetyl-CoA levels and rescued PINK1-suppressed tumor growth. Importantly, PINK1 disruption simultaneously increased xenografted tumor growth and acetyl-CoA production. In conclusion, mitophagy protein PINK1 suppresses colon tumor growth by metabolic reprogramming and reducing acetyl-CoA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunlun Yin
- grid.266832.b0000 0001 2188 8502Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA
| | - Jordan Lee
- grid.266832.b0000 0001 2188 8502Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA
| | - Zhaoli Liu
- grid.266832.b0000 0001 2188 8502Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA
| | - Hyeoncheol Kim
- grid.266832.b0000 0001 2188 8502Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA
| | - David R. Martin
- grid.266832.b0000 0001 2188 8502Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA
| | - Dandan Wu
- grid.266832.b0000 0001 2188 8502Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA
| | - Meilian Liu
- grid.266832.b0000 0001 2188 8502Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA
| | - Xiang Xue
- grid.266832.b0000 0001 2188 8502Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA
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Sp N, Kang DY, Kim HD, Rugamba A, Jo ES, Park JC, Bae SW, Lee JM, Jang KJ. Natural Sulfurs Inhibit LPS-Induced Inflammatory Responses through NF-κB Signaling in CCD-986Sk Skin Fibroblasts. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11050427. [PMID: 34068523 PMCID: PMC8151259 DOI: 10.3390/life11050427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response leads to serious damage, up to and including tumorigenesis. Natural mineral sulfur, non-toxic sulfur (NTS), and methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) have anti-inflammatory activity that may inhibit LPS-induced inflammation. We hypothesized that sulfur compounds could inhibit LPS-induced inflammatory responses in CCD-986Sk skin fibroblasts. We used Western blotting and real-time PCR to analyze molecular signaling in treated and untreated cultures. We also used flow cytometry for cell surface receptor analysis, comet assays to evaluate DNA damage, and ELISA-based cytokine detection. LPS induced TLR4 activation and NF-κB signaling via canonical and protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent pathways, while NTS and MSM downregulated that response. NTS and MSM also inhibited LPS-induced nuclear accumulation and binding of NF-κB to proinflammatory cytokines COX-2, IL-1β, and IL-6. Finally, the sulfur compounds suppressed LPS-induced ROS accumulation and DNA damage in CCD-986Sk cells. These results suggest that natural sulfur compounds could be used to treat inflammation and may be useful in the development of cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nipin Sp
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea; (N.S.); (D.Y.K.); (H.D.K.); (A.R.)
| | - Dong Young Kang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea; (N.S.); (D.Y.K.); (H.D.K.); (A.R.)
| | - Hyoung Do Kim
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea; (N.S.); (D.Y.K.); (H.D.K.); (A.R.)
| | - Alexis Rugamba
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea; (N.S.); (D.Y.K.); (H.D.K.); (A.R.)
| | - Eun Seong Jo
- Pharmacological Research Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Cheongju 28159, Korea; (E.S.J.); (J.-M.L.)
| | - Jong-Chan Park
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea;
| | - Se Won Bae
- Department of Chemistry and Cosmetics, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
| | - Jin-Moo Lee
- Pharmacological Research Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Cheongju 28159, Korea; (E.S.J.); (J.-M.L.)
| | - Kyoung-Jin Jang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea; (N.S.); (D.Y.K.); (H.D.K.); (A.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2030-7812
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Asaduzzaman S, Ahmed MR, Rehana H, Chakraborty S, Islam MS, Bhuiyan T. Machine learning to reveal an astute risk predictive framework for Gynecologic Cancer and its impact on women psychology: Bangladeshi perspective. BMC Bioinformatics 2021; 22:213. [PMID: 33894739 PMCID: PMC8066470 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-021-04131-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this research, an astute system has been developed by using machine learning and data mining approach to predict the risk level of cervical and ovarian cancer in association to stress. RESULTS For functioning factors and subfactors, several machine learning models like Logistics Regression, Random Forest, AdaBoost, Naïve Bayes, Neural Network, kNN, CN2 rule Inducer, Decision Tree, Quadratic Classifier were compared with standard metrics e.g., F1, AUC, CA. For certainty info gain, gain ratio, gini index were revealed for both cervical and ovarian cancer. Attributes were ranked using different feature selection evaluators. Then the most significant analysis was made with the significant factors. Factors like children, age of first intercourse, age of husband, Pap test, age are the most significant factors of cervical cancer. On the other hand, genital area infection, pregnancy problems, use of drugs, abortion, and the number of children are important factors of ovarian cancer. CONCLUSION Resulting factors were merged, categorized, weighted according to their significance level. The categorized factors were indexed using ranker algorithm which provides them a weightage value. An algorithm has been formulated afterward which can be used to predict the risk level of cervical and ovarian cancer in relation to women's mental health. The research will have a great impact on the low incoming country like Bangladesh as most women in low incoming nations were unaware of it. As these two can be described as the most sensitive cancers to women, the development of the application from algorithm will also help to reduce women's mental stress. More data and parameters will be added in future for research in this perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed Asaduzzaman
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Rangamati Science and Technology University, Vedvedi, Rangamati, Bangladesh
- Department of Information and Communication Technology, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, 1902 Bangladesh
| | - Md. Raihan Ahmed
- Department of Software Engineering, Daffodil International University, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Hasin Rehana
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Daffodil International University, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Rajshahi University Engineering and Technology, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Setu Chakraborty
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Shariful Islam
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Touhid Bhuiyan
- Department of Software Engineering, Daffodil International University, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Park JW, Kim KH, Choi JK, Park TS, Song KD, Cho BW. Regulation of Toll-like receptors Expression in Muscle cells by Exercise-induced Stress. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2020; 34:1590-1599. [PMID: 33332945 PMCID: PMC8495349 DOI: 10.5713/ab.20.0484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study investigates the expression patterns of toll-like receptors (TLRs) and intracellular mediators in horse muscle cells after exercise, and the relationship between TLRS expression in stressed horse muscle cells and immune cell migration toward them. Methods The expression patterns of the TLRs (TLR2, TLR4, and TLR8) and downstream signaling pathway-related genes (myeloid differentiation primary response 88 [MYD88]; activating transcription factor 3 [ATF3]) are examined in horse tissues, and horse peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) and muscles in response to exercise, using the quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Expressions of chemokine receptor genes, i.e., C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) and C-C motif chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5), are studied in PBMCs and PMNs. A horse muscle cell line is developed by transfecting SV-T antigen into fetal muscle cells, followed by examination of muscle-specific genes. Horse muscle cells are treated with stressors, i.e., cortisol, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and heat, to mimic stress conditions in vitro, and the expression of TLR4 and TLR8 are examined in stressed muscle cells, in addition to migration activity of PBMCs toward stressed muscle cells. Results The qPCR revealed that TLR4 message was expressed in cerebrum, cerebellum, thymus, lung, liver, kidney, and muscle, whereas TLR8 expressed in thymus, lung, and kidney, while TLR2 expressed in thymus, lung, and kidney. Expressions of TLRs, i.e., TLR4 and TLR8, and mediators, i.e., MYD88 and ATF3, were upregulated in muscle, PBMCs and PMNs in response to exercise. Expressions of CXCR2 and CCR5 were also upregulated in PBMCs and PMNs after exercise. In the muscle cell line, TLR4 and TLR8 expressions were upregulated when cells were treated with stressors such as cortisol, H2O2, and heat. Migration of PBMCs toward stressed muscle cells was increased by exercise and oxidative stresses, and combinations of these. Treatment with methylsulfonylmethane (MSM), an antioxidant on stressed muscle cells, reduced migration of PBMCs toward stressed muscle cells. Conclusion In this study, we have successfully cultured horse skeletal muscle cells, isolated horse PBMCs, and established an in vitro system for studying stress-related gene expressions and function. Expression of TLR4, TLR8, CXCR2, and CCR5 in horse muscle cells was higher in response to stressors such as cortisol, H2O2, and heat, or combinations of these. In addition, migration of PBMCs toward muscle cells was increased when muscle cells were under stress, but inhibition of reactive oxygen species by MSM modulated migratory activity of PBMCs to stressed muscle cells. Further study is necessary to investigate the biological function(s) of the TLR gene family in horse muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Woong Park
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hwan Kim
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Kook Choi
- Division of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National Univ., City of Cheong-Ju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Sub Park
- Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea.,Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Duk Song
- The Animal Molecular Genetics and Breeding Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea.,Department of Agricultural Convergence Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Wook Cho
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
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Kim KH, Park JW, Yang YM, Song KD, Cho BW. Effect of methylsulfonylmethane on oxidative stress and CYP3A93 expression in fetal horse liver cells. Anim Biosci 2020; 34:312-319. [PMID: 32898949 PMCID: PMC7876717 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.20.0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Stress-induced cytotoxicity caused by xenobiotics and endogenous metabolites induces the production of reactive oxygen species and often results in damage to cellular components such as DNA, proteins, and lipids. The cytochrome P450 (CYP) family of enzymes are most abundant in hepatocytes, where they play key roles in regulating cellular stress responses. We aimed to determine the effects of the antioxidant compound, methylsulfonylmethane (MSM), on oxidative stress response, and study the cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A (CYP3A) gene expression in fetal horse hepatocytes. Methods The expression of hepatocyte markers and CYP3A family genes (CYP3A89, CYP3A93, CYP3A94, CYP3A95, CYP3A96, and CYP3A97) were assessed in different organ tissues of the horse and fetal horse liver-derived cells (FHLCs) using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. To elucidate the antioxidant effects of MSM on FHLCs, cell viability, levels of oxidative markers, and gene expression of CYP3A were investigated in H2O2-induced oxidative stress in the presence and absence of MSM. Results FHLCs exhibited features of liver cells and simultaneously maintained the typical genetic characteristics of normal liver tissue; however, the expression profiles of some liver markers and CYP3A genes, except that of CYP3A93, were different. The expression of CYP3A93 specifically increased after the addition of H2O2 to the culture medium. MSM treatment reduced oxidative stress as well as the expression of CYP3A93 and heme oxygenase 1, an oxidative marker in FHLCs. Conclusion MSM could reduce oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity in FHLCs by altering CYP3A93 expression and related signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Hwan Kim
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea.,Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
| | - Jeong-Woong Park
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
| | - Young Mok Yang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
| | - Ki-Duk Song
- Department of Agriculture Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Byung-Wook Cho
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea.,Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
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