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Li X, Chen Y, Lu R, Hu M, Gu L, Huang Q, Meng W, Zhu H, Fan C, Zhou Z, Mo X. Colorectal cancer cells secreting DKK4 transform fibroblasts to promote tumour metastasis. Oncogene 2024; 43:1506-1521. [PMID: 38519641 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-024-03008-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signalling is aberrantly activated in most colorectal cancer (CRC) and is one key driver involved in the initiation and progression of CRC. However, mutations of APC gene in CRC patients retain certain activity of APC protein with decreased β-catenin signalling and DKK4 expression significantly upregulates and represses Wnt/β-catenin signalling in human CRC tissues, suggesting that a precisely modulated activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is essential for CRC formation and progression. The underlying reasons why a specifically reduced degree, not a fully activating degree, of β-catenin signalling in CRC are unclear. Here, we showed that a soluble extracellular inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin signalling, DKK4, is an independent factor for poor outcomes in CRC patients. DKK4 secreted from CRC cells inactivates β-catenin in fibroblasts to induce the formation of stress fibre-containing fibroblasts and myofibroblasts in culture conditions and in mouse CRC xenograft tissues, resulting in restricted expansion in tumour masses at primary sites and enhanced CRC metastasis in mouse models. Reduced β-catenin activity by a chemical inhibitor MSAB promoted the CRC metastasis. Our findings demonstrate why reduced β-catenin activity is needed for CRC progression and provide a mechanism by which interactions between CRC cells and stromal cells affect disease promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yulin Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ran Lu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lei Gu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qiaorong Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wentong Meng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hongyan Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chuanwen Fan
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, Research Center for Nutrition, Metabolism & Food Safety, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Institute of Digestive Surgery and Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Zongguang Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Institute of Digestive Surgery and Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Xianming Mo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Mazzio E, Badisa R, Mack N, Cassim S, Zdralevic M, Pouyssegur J, Soliman KFA. Whole-transcriptome Analysis of Fully Viable Energy Efficient Glycolytic-null Cancer Cells Established by Double Genetic Knockout of Lactate Dehydrogenase A/B or Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2021; 17:469-497. [PMID: 32859627 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Nearly all mammalian tumors of diverse tissues are believed to be dependent on fermentative glycolysis, marked by elevated production of lactic acid and expression of glycolytic enzymes, most notably lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH). Therefore, there has been significant interest in developing chemotherapy drugs that selectively target various isoforms of the LDH enzyme. However, considerable questions remain as to the consequences of biological ablation of LDH or upstream targeting of the glycolytic pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we explore the biochemical and whole transcriptomic effects of CRISPR-Cas9 gene knockout (KO) of lactate dehydrogenases A and B [LDHA/B double KO (DKO)] and glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI KO) in the human colon cancer cell line LS174T, using Affymetrix 2.1 ST arrays. RESULTS The metabolic biochemical profiles corroborate that relative to wild type (WT), LDHA/B DKO produced no lactic acid, (GPI KO) produced minimal lactic acid and both KOs displayed higher mitochondrial respiration, and minimal use of glucose with no loss of cell viability. These findings show a high biochemical energy efficiency as measured by ATP in glycolysis-null cells. Next, transcriptomic analysis conducted on 48,226 mRNA transcripts reflect 273 differentially expressed genes (DEGS) in the GPI KO clone set, 193 DEGS in the LDHA/B DKO clone set with 47 DEGs common to both KO clones. Glycolytic-null cells reflect up-regulation in gene transcripts typically associated with nutrient deprivation / fasting and possible use of fats for energy: thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP), mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2 (HMGCS2), PPARγ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), and acetyl-CoA acyltransferase 2 (ACAA2). Other changes in non-ergometric transcripts in both KOs show losses in "stemness", WNT signaling pathway, chemo/radiation resistance, retinoic acid synthesis, drug detoxification, androgen/estrogen activation, and extracellular matrix reprogramming genes. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that: 1) The "Warburg effect" is dispensable, 2) loss of the LDHAB gene is not only inconsequential to viability but fosters greater mitochondrial energy, and 3) drugs that target LDHA/B are likely to be ineffective without a plausible combination second drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Mazzio
- College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, U.S.A
| | - Ramesh Badisa
- College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, U.S.A
| | - Nzinga Mack
- College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, U.S.A
| | - Shamir Cassim
- Department of Medical Biology, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Monaco, Monaco
| | - Masa Zdralevic
- University Côte d'Azur, IRCAN, CNRS, Centre A. Lacassagne, Nice, France
| | - Jacques Pouyssegur
- Department of Medical Biology, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Monaco, Monaco .,University Côte d'Azur, IRCAN, CNRS, Centre A. Lacassagne, Nice, France
| | - Karam F A Soliman
- College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, U.S.A.
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Lou X, Meng Y, Hou Y. A literature review on function and regulation mechanism of DKK4. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:2786-2794. [PMID: 33586359 PMCID: PMC7957263 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dickkopf-related protein 4 (DKK4) is a member of the dickkopf family and an inhibitor of the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. This review surveyed the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), copy number variations (CNVs), hypermethylation, regulation mechanism, correlation with clinicopathological parameters and chemotherapeutic resistance of DKK4. The signal pathways involved in DKK4 mainly include Wnt/β-catenin pathway and Wnt-JNK pathway independent β-catenin. DKK4 expression was upregulated in Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC), Colorectal Cancer, Gastric Cancer (GC), Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) and Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (EOC), while downregulated in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). DKK4 is not only involved in tumour growth, invasion, migration and chemotherapy resistance, but also in osteoblastogenesis and secondary hair or meibomian gland formation. DKK4 has also been linked to schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Lou
- Department of Central Laboratory, Songjiang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuchen Meng
- Department of Central Laboratory, Songjiang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqiang Hou
- Department of Central Laboratory, Songjiang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Chouhan S, Singh S, Athavale D, Ramteke P, Vanuopadath M, Nair BG, Nair SS, Bhat MK. Sensitization of hepatocellular carcinoma cells towards doxorubicin and sorafenib is facilitated by glucose-dependent alterations in reactive oxygen species, P-glycoprotein and DKK4. J Biosci 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-020-00065-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Li Q, Wang Y, Hu R, Yang G. Dysregulation of SPRR3/miR-876-3p Axis Contributes to Tumorigenesis in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:2411-2419. [PMID: 32273714 PMCID: PMC7106992 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s245422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background SPRR3, also known as esophagin, has been shown to be involved in the initiation and progression of numerous types of tumor. However, the biological function of SPRR3 that contributes to non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) growth and migration is largely unknown. Methods The expression of SPRR3 and its association with EZH2 and miR-876-3p in NSCLC cells were determined by real-time PCR. Protein levels were measured by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blot. Cell functions were studied by CCK-8, transwell assay, flow cytometry and dual-luciferase reporter assay. The effect of SPRR3 on tumor growth in vivo was evaluated in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. Results SPRR3 was up-regulated in most NSCLC cell lines and clinical tissues. Also, the correlation between SPRR3 expression and clinical features was significant. Functional studies confirmed that SPRR3 modulates cell proliferation, invasion and cell apoptosis in NSCLC via regulating EZH2, which is a well-known oncogene in NSCLC. Furthermore, SPRR3 was found to be a direct target of miR-876-3p that also plays a suppressor role in NSCLC. Conclusion These findings indicated that miR-876-3p/SPRR3/EZH2 signaling cascade exerts important roles in the regulation of NSCLC, suggesting that this pathway can serve as a potential therapeutic target in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Li
- Department of Oncology, BenQ Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxuan Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongkuan Hu
- GenePharma Co., Ltd, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Oncology, BenQ Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China
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Chen YZ, Sun DQ, Zheng Y, Zheng GK, Chen RQ, Lin M, Huang LF, Huang C, Song D, Wu BQ. WISP1 silencing confers protection against epithelial-mesenchymal transition of renal tubular epithelial cells in rats via inactivation of the wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in uremia. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:9673-9686. [PMID: 30556898 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Uremia can affect hepatic metabolism of drugs by regulating the clearance of drugs, but it has not been clarified whether gene silencing could modulate the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in uremia. Hence, we investigated the effect of WISP1 gene silencing on the renal tubular EMT in uremia through the wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Initially, microarray-based gene expression profiling of uremia was used to identify differentially expressed genes. Following the establishment of uremia rat model, serum creatinine, and urea nitrogen of rats were detected. Renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) were transfected with shRNA-WISP1 lentivirus interference vectors and LiCI (the wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway activator) to explore the regulatory mechanism of WISP1 in uremia in relation to the wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Then, expression of WISP1, wnt2b, E-cadherin, α-SMA, c-myc, Cyclin D1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 was determined. Furthermore, TEC migration and invasion were evaluated. Results suggested that WISP1 and the wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway were associated with uremia. Uremic rats exhibited increased serum creatinine and urea nitrogen levels, upregulated WISPl, and activated wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Subsequently, WISP1 silencing decreased wnt2b, c-myc, Cyclin D1, α-SMA, MMP-2, and MMP-9 expression but increased E-cadherin expression, whereas LiCI treatment exhibited the opposite trends. In addition, WISP1 silencing suppressed TEC migration and invasion, whereas LiCI treatment promoted TEC migration and invasion. The findings indicate that WISP1 gene silencing suppresses the activation of the wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, thus reducing EMT of renal TECs in uremic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Zhen Chen
- Department of Nephrology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dan-Qin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Central Laboratory, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Central Laboratory, Huadu District People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guang-Kuai Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rong-Quan Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Mei Lin
- Department of Nephrology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lian-Fang Huang
- Department of Nephrology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cong Huang
- Department of Nephrology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dan Song
- Department of Nephrology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ben-Qing Wu
- Children's Medical Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Cai X, Yao Z, Li L, Huang J. Role of DKK4 in Tumorigenesis and Tumor Progression. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:616-621. [PMID: 29904276 PMCID: PMC6001654 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.24329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor is the most public health problem. The Wnt signal pathway extensively participates in diverse progresses containing embryonic development, maintenance of homeostasis and tumor pathogenesis. The Wnt signal pathway consists of canonical signal pathway, noncanonical Wnt/PCP pathway and noncanonical Wnt/Ca2+ pathway. The deletion of the ligand of Wnts results in cytoplasmic β-catenin phosphorylation, stopping entry of β-catenin to nuclear in canonical Wnt signaling. Instead, binding of Wnts to frizzled (FZ/FZD) as well as LRP5/6 causes activation of Wnt signal pathways. This facilitates entry of β-catenin to nuclear. The Dickkopf proteins (DKKs) have been known as the antagonist of Wnt signal pathway. A number of research of DKK1, 2, 3 have been reported, however, the effect of DKK4 on tumor process is still mysterious. A more distinct comprehension about the effect of DKK4 on tumorigenesis and tumor process will shed light on biomedical research of DKK4 and tumor research. This review summarizes the current knowledge of DKK4 in various kinds of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjia Cai
- Department of Oral Pathology, Xiangya Stomalogical Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Chansha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhigang Yao
- Department of Oral Pathology, Xiangya Stomalogical Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Chansha, Hunan, China
| | - Long Li
- Department of Oral Pathology, Xiangya Stomalogical Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Chansha, Hunan, China
| | - Junhui Huang
- Department of Oral Pathology, Xiangya Stomalogical Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Chansha, Hunan, China
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Xue X, Fei X, Hou W, Zhang Y, Liu L, Hu R. miR-342-3p suppresses cell proliferation and migration by targeting AGR2 in non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Lett 2017; 412:170-178. [PMID: 29107102 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AGR2 is a well-studied secreted protein that is involved in multiple biological processes including cell proliferation and migration. The mechanism by which AGR2 increases the growth and migration of non-small cell lung cancer cells (NSCLC) is still unknown. In this study, we report that AGR2 is directly targeted by miR-342-3p. Functional studies suggest that overexpression of miR-342-3p inhibits the proliferation and migration of non-small cell lung cancer cells. Overexpression of AGR2 counteracts the phenotypes induced by miR-342-3p. Moreover, AGR2 expression is up-regulated and negatively correlated with miR-342-3p levels in NSCLC cells and tissues. A meta-analysis of survival data indicates that NSCLC patients with high levels of AGR2 in their tumors have a worse prognosis. Collectively, the identification of miR-342-3p and AGR2 might facilitate the development of biomarkers and therapeutic targets for this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Xue
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, 215006, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Fei
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5390 Harry Hines, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Wenjie Hou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Yajie Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5390 Harry Hines, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Liu Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to the an Hui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Rongkuan Hu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5390 Harry Hines, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA; Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, China.
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Wang S, Wei H, Zhang S. Dickkopf-4 is frequently overexpressed in epithelial ovarian carcinoma and promotes tumor invasion. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:455. [PMID: 28666421 PMCID: PMC5493011 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3407-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dickkopf-4 (DKK4), a member of DKK family, appears to be a divergent protein. It remained multi-biological functions in carcinogenesis. The effect of DKK4 on the ovarian cancer cells remains unclear. This study detected the clinical significance of DKK4 in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients and its role in invasion. Methods QRT-PCR and western blot analysis were used to examine the levels of DKK4 mRNA and protein in 33 EOC tissues and 33 benign ovarian tumors. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to assess DKK4 expression in 239 EOC samples. siRNA-mediated DKK4 silence was conducted. Transwell assay was used to detect the invasive ability. Phalloidin was used to stain the formations of actin filaments. Results The expressions of DKK4 mRNA and protein were elevated in EOC tissues as compared with those in benign ovarian tumors (p = 0.001 and <0.0001 respectively). Immunohistochemical results showed the strong expression of DKK4 protein was positively associated with late FIGO stage (p = 0.005) and poor disease free survival in univariate and multivariate analysis (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.001, respectively). SiRNA-mediated DKK4 knockdown inhibited cell invasive ability (all p < 0.0001) and the formations of actin filaments. DKK4 could promote the phosphration of c-JUN and JNK (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.001, respectively). Conclusions Our results indicated that DKK4 might be contributed to predicting EOC progression and prognosis. DKK4 could promote the invasion of EOC through JNK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhuo Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, 36 San Hao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, China
| | - Heng Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, 36 San Hao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, China
| | - Shulan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, 36 San Hao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, China.
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Ouyang Y, Pan J, Tai Q, Ju J, Wang H. Transcriptomic changes associated with DKK4 overexpression in pancreatic cancer cells detected by RNA-Seq. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:10827-38. [PMID: 26880586 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4379-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The promotion of tumor development by Dickkopf 4 (DKK4) is receiving increased attention. However, the association between DKK4 and pancreatic cancer remains unclear. DKK4 expression was measured in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tissues using qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. A DKK4-overexpressing pancreatic cancer cell line was established, and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that were induced by DKK4 were identified using transcriptome sequencing. The association between the identified DEGs and pancreatic cancer was assessed using gene ontology (GO), pathway analysis, pathway interaction networks, differentially expressed gene interaction network analysis, and co-expression gene networks. Finally, the accuracy of the analyses was validated using serial paraffin and frozen sections of clinical samples. DKK4 is highly expressed in pancreatic cancer tissues. DEGs of overexpression DKK4 of PANC-1 are mostly upregulated. GO and pathway analysis showed that DKK4 are associated with tumor and organ development and immune inflammation. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway was the main signal transduction pathway that showed significant enrichment in overexpression DKK4 of PANC-1. The results of GO, pathway analyses, and differentially expressed gene interaction network identified genes that are closely associated with tumor development, including MAPK3, PIK3R3, VAV3, JAG1, and Notch3. The immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence results suggested that DKK4 is co-expressed with MAPK3 and VAV3 in pancreatic cancer tissues. The results presented here show for the first time that DKK4 is highly expressed in pancreatic cancer tissues. Bioinformatics analysis of a DKK4-overexpressing of PANC-1 identified several oncogenes that are closely associated with tumors, and the MAPK signaling pathway is the core signal transduction pathway. DKK4 can be co-expressed with MAPK3 and VAV3 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tissues. Thus, DKK4 may have function on the development and progression of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Ouyang
- Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Juncheng Pan
- Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Tai
- Organ transplantation centre, First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University, 58 #, 2nd ZhongShan Road, Guangzhou, GD, 510080, China.
| | - Jingfang Ju
- Translational Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
| | - Huaizhi Wang
- Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China.
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