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Zhang CD, Jiang LH, Zhou X, He YP, Liu Y, Zhou DM, Lv Y, Wu BQ, Zhao ZY. Synergistic antitumor efficacy of rMV-Hu191 and Olaparib in pancreatic cancer by generating oxidative DNA damage and ROS-dependent apoptosis. Transl Oncol 2024; 39:101812. [PMID: 37871517 PMCID: PMC10598409 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignancies with BRCA1/2 deficiencies are particularly sensitive to PARP inhibitors. Thus, combining PARP inhibitors with agents that impair DNA damage repair to treat BRCA1/2 wild-type PDAC could broaden the clinical use of these promising PARP inhibitors. Here we examined the synergism and mechanism of oncolytic measles virus (rMV-Hu191) with a PARP inhibitor (Olaparib) in vitro and in vivo. METHODS The cell viability assay, cell cycle analysis, colony formation assay, TCID 50 method, western blotting, flow cytometry, DNA comet assay, Mice bearing PDAC xenografts, IF, IHC and TUNEL assay were performed to explore the antitumor efficacy and underlying mechanisms. RESULTS In this study, we explored the antitumor activities of rMV-Hu191 and Olaparib in two PDAC cell lines harboring wild-type BRCA1/2 genes. Compared to monotherapy, the combination of rMV-Hu191 and Olaparib was able to synergistically cause growth arrest, apoptotic cell death and DNA damage, accompanying with excessive oxidative stress. Mechanistically, the data indicated that the observed synergy depended on the oxidative DNA damage and ROS-dependent apoptosis generating by rMV-Hu191 combined with Olaparib in human PDAC cells. Tumor inhibition and prolonged survival of PDAC mice xenografts in vivo confirmed the synergism of combinational treatment with trivial side-effects. CONCLUSIONS Our findings firstly suggested that combination treatment with rMV-Hu191 and Olaparib had a profound and synergistic therapeutic effect against human PDAC through synthetic lethality. In conclusion, we recommend combining oncolytic rMV-Hu191 with a PARP inhibitor (Olaparib) as a novel therapeutic strategy and provided a potential mechanism for advanced PDAC regardless of BRCA mutation status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-di Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China; Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3333 Bin Sheng Rd, Bin Jiang District, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Li-Hong Jiang
- Children's Medical Center, University of Chinese Academy of Science Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Xue Zhou
- Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | | | - Ye Liu
- Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Dong-Ming Zhou
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3333 Bin Sheng Rd, Bin Jiang District, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Yao Lv
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3333 Bin Sheng Rd, Bin Jiang District, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Ben-Qing Wu
- Children's Medical Center, University of Chinese Academy of Science Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, China.
| | - Zheng-Yan Zhao
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3333 Bin Sheng Rd, Bin Jiang District, Hangzhou 310000, China.
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Song XX, Cai L, Liu W, Cui WL, Peng X, Li QF, Dong Y, Yang MD, Wu BQ, Yue TK, Fan JH, Li YY, Li Y. [Development and application syndromic surveillance and early warning system in border area in Yunnan Province]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2023; 44:845-850. [PMID: 37221077 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20221013-00882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To establish a dynamic syndromic surveillance system in the border areas of Yunnan Province based on information technology, evaluate its effectiveness and timeliness in the response to common communicable disease epidemics and improve the communicable disease prevention and control in border areas. Methods: Three border counties were selected for full coverage as study areas, and dynamic surveillance for 14 symptoms and 6 syndromes were conducted in medical institutions, the daily collection of information about students' school absence in primary schools and febrile illness in inbound people at border ports were conducted in these counties from January 2016 to February 2018 to establish an early warning system based on mobile phone and computer platform for a field experimental study. Results: With syndromes of rash, influenza-like illness and the numbers of primary school absence, the most common communicable disease events, such as hand foot and mouth disease, influenza and chickenpox, can be identified 1-5 days in advance by using EARS-3C and Kulldorff time-space scanning models with high sensitivity and specificity. The system is easy to use with strong security and feasibility. All the information and the warning alerts are released in the form of interactive charts and visual maps, which can facilitate the timely response. Conclusions: This system is highly effective and easy to operate in the detection of possible outbreaks of common communicable diseases in border areas in real time, so the timely and effective intervention can be conducted to reduce the risk of local and cross-border communicable disease outbreaks. It has practical application value.
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Affiliation(s)
- X X Song
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - L Cai
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - W Liu
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - W L Cui
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - X Peng
- Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming 650022, China
| | - Q F Li
- Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming 650022, China
| | - Y Dong
- Yunnan Provincial Institute for Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention, Dali 671000, China
| | - M D Yang
- Yunnan Provincial Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Pu'er 665000, China
| | - B Q Wu
- Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yunnan Province, Mangshi 678400, China
| | - T K Yue
- Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yunnan Province, Mangshi 678400, China
| | - J H Fan
- Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefectural Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yunnan Province, Jinghong 666100, China
| | - Y Y Li
- Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefectural Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yunnan Province, Jinghong 666100, China
| | - Y Li
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
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Yang RL, Qian GL, Wu DW, Miao JK, Yang X, Wu BQ, Yan YQ, Li HB, Mao XM, He J, Shen H, Zou H, Xue SY, Li XZ, Niu TT, Xiao R, Zhao ZY. A multicenter prospective study of next-generation sequencing-based newborn screening for monogenic genetic diseases in China. World J Pediatr 2023:10.1007/s12519-022-00670-x. [PMID: 36847978 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-022-00670-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Newborn screening (NBS) is an important and successful public health program that helps improve the long-term clinical outcomes of newborns by providing early diagnosis and treatment of certain inborn diseases. The development of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology provides new opportunities to expand current newborn screening methodologies. METHODS We designed a a newborn genetic screening (NBGS) panel targeting 135 genes associated with 75 inborn disorders by multiplex PCR combined with NGS. With this panel, a large-scale, multicenter, prospective multidisease analysis was conducted on dried blood spot (DBS) profiles from 21,442 neonates nationwide. RESULTS We presented the positive detection rate and carrier frequency of diseases and related variants in different regions; and 168 (0.78%) positive cases were detected. Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PDD) and phenylketonuria (PKU) had higher prevalence rates, which were significantly different in different regions. The positive detection of G6PD variants was quite common in south China, whereas PAH variants were most commonly identified in north China. In addition, NBGS identified 3 cases with DUOX2 variants and one with SLC25A13 variants, which were normal in conventional NBS, but were confirmed later as abnormal in repeated biochemical testing after recall. Eighty percent of high-frequency gene carriers and 60% of high-frequency variant carriers had obvious regional differences. On the premise that there was no significant difference in birth weight and gestational age, the biochemical indicators of SLC22A5 c.1400C > G and ACADSB c.1165A > G carriers were significantly different from those of non-carriers. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that NBGS is an effective strategy to identify neonates affected with treatable diseases as a supplement to current NBS methods. Our data also showed that the prevalence of diseases has significant regional characteristics, which provides a theoretical basis for screening diseases in different regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Lai Yang
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gu-Ling Qian
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ding-Wen Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Kun Miao
- Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Neonatal Screening Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Ben-Qing Wu
- University of the Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Ya-Qiong Yan
- Shanxi Children's Hospital Shanxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Hai-Bo Li
- The Central Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention and Control, Ningbo Women and Children's Hospital, Ningbo, 315012, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin-Mei Mao
- Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jun He
- Changsha Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Huan Shen
- Yunnan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Kunming, Yunan, China
| | - Hui Zou
- Jinan Maternity and Child Care Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shu-Yuan Xue
- Urumqi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi City, China
| | - Xiao-Ze Li
- Medical Genetic Center, Changzhi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
| | - Ting-Ting Niu
- Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Rui Xiao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Birth Defect Control and Prevention, Screening and Diagnostic R and D Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zheng-Yan Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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4
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Jia CH, Feng ZS, Lin XJ, Cui QL, Han SS, Jin Y, Liu GS, Yang CZ, Ye XT, Dai YH, Liang WY, Ye XZ, Mo J, Ding L, Wu BQ, Chen HX, Li CW, Zhang Z, Rong X, Huang WM, Shen W, Yang BY, Lv JF, Huo LY, Huang HW, Rao HP, Yan WK, Yang Y, Ren XJ, Liu D, Wang FF, Diao SG, Liu XY, You CM, Meng Q, Wang B, Zhang LJ, Huang YG, Ao D, Li WZ, Chen JL, Chen YL, Li W, Chen ZF, Ding YQ, Li XY, Huang YF, Lin NY, Cai YF, Wan ZH, Ban Y, Bai B, Li GH, Yan YX, Wu F. Short term outcomes of extremely low birth weight infants from a multicenter cohort study in Guangdong of China. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11119. [PMID: 35778441 PMCID: PMC9249781 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14432-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
With the increase in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants, their outcome attracted worldwide attention. However, in China, the related studies are rare. The hospitalized records of ELBW infants discharged from twenty-six neonatal intensive care units in Guangdong Province of China during 2008-2017 were analyzed. A total of 2575 ELBW infants were enrolled and the overall survival rate was 55.11%. From 2008 to 2017, the number of ELBW infants increased rapidly from 91 to 466, and the survival rate improved steadily from 41.76% to 62.02%. Increased survival is closely related to birth weight (BW), regional economic development, and specialized hospital. The incidence of complications was neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (85.2%), oxygen dependency at 28 days (63.7%), retinopathy of prematurity (39.3%), intraventricular hemorrhage (29.4%), necrotizing enterocolitis (12.0%), and periventricular leukomalacia (8.0%). Among the 1156 nonsurvivors, 90.0% of infants died during the neonatal period (≤ 28 days). A total of 768 ELBW infants died after treatment withdrawal, for reasons of economic and/or poor outcome. The number of ELBW infants is increasing in Guangdong Province of China, and the overall survival rate is improving steadily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hong Jia
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangzhou, 510150, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhou-Shan Feng
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, Guangdong, China
| | - Qi-Liang Cui
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, Guangdong, China
| | - Sha-Sha Han
- Department of Neonatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Ya Jin
- Department of Neonatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Guo-Sheng Liu
- Department of Neonatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Chuan-Zhong Yang
- Department of Neonatology, Shenzhen Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Affiliated Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518028, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Tong Ye
- Department of Neonatology, Shenzhen Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Affiliated Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518028, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi-Heng Dai
- Department of Neonatology, Foshan Maternal and Child's Hospital, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei-Yi Liang
- Department of Neonatology, Foshan Maternal and Child's Hospital, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiu-Zhen Ye
- Department of Neonatology, Women and Children Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510010, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Mo
- Department of Neonatology, Women and Children Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510010, Guangdong, China
| | - Lu Ding
- Department of Neonatology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Ben-Qing Wu
- Department of Neonatology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong-Xiang Chen
- Department of Neonatology, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou, 514031, Guangdong, China
| | - Chi-Wang Li
- Department of Neonatology, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou, 514031, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao Rong
- Department of Neonatology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei-Min Huang
- Department of Neonatology, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Shen
- Department of Neonatology, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Bing-Yan Yang
- Department of Neonatology, Boai Hospital of Zhongshan, Zhongshan, 528400, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun-Feng Lv
- Department of Neonatology, Boai Hospital of Zhongshan, Zhongshan, 528400, Guangdong, China
| | - Le-Ying Huo
- Department of Neonatology, Zhuhai Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Zhuhai, 519001, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui-Wen Huang
- Department of Neonatology, Zhuhai Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Zhuhai, 519001, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong-Ping Rao
- Department of Neonatology, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, 516001, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen-Kang Yan
- Department of Neonatology, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, 516001, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Neonatology, Dongguan Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Dongguan, 523002, Guangdong, China
| | - Xue-Jun Ren
- Department of Neonatology, Dongguan Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Dongguan, 523002, Guangdong, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Neonatology, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Affiliated Jiangmen Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Jiangmen, 529000, Guangdong, China
| | - Fang-Fang Wang
- Department of Neonatology, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Affiliated Jiangmen Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Jiangmen, 529000, Guangdong, China
| | - Shi-Guang Diao
- Department of Neonatology, Yuebei People's Hospital, Shaoguan, 512026, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Liu
- Department of Neonatology, Yuebei People's Hospital, Shaoguan, 512026, Guangdong, China
| | - Chu-Ming You
- Department of Neonatology, Guangdong Second Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510317, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiong Meng
- Department of Neonatology, Guangdong Second Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510317, Guangdong, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China
| | - Li-Juan Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu-Ge Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Dang Ao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei-Zhong Li
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie-Ling Chen
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan-Ling Chen
- Department of Neonatology, Jinan University Medical College Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Dongguan, 523900, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Neonatology, Jinan University Medical College Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Dongguan, 523900, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Dongguan People's Hospital, Dongguan, 523000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yue-Qin Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, Dongguan People's Hospital, Dongguan, 523000, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Li
- Department of Neonatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Yue-Fang Huang
- Department of Neonatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Ni-Yang Lin
- Department of Neonatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Yang-Fan Cai
- Department of Neonatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhong-He Wan
- Department of Neonatology, Nanhai District People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528200, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Ban
- Department of Neonatology, Nanhai District People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528200, Guangdong, China
| | - Bo Bai
- Department of Neonatology, Huadu District People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510800, Guangdong, China
| | - Guang-Hong Li
- Department of Neonatology, Huadu District People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510800, Guangdong, China
| | - Yue-Xiu Yan
- Department of Pediatrics, The First People's Hospital of Zhaoqing, Zhaoqing, 526020, Guangdong, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangzhou, 510150, Guangdong, China.
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5
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Zhang XD, Li T, Jin L, Fu QS, Zhu CF, Qin XH, Wu BQ. [Value of indocyanine green fluorescence tracer in laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2022; 102:1518-1522. [PMID: 35692067 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20211210-02757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the value of low-dose indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging in laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) for acute cholecystitis. Methods: Clinical data of 198 patients with acute cholecystitis and had received LC in Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital from January 2020 to September 2021 were collected. In the fluorescence group (n=97), peripheral intravenous injection of ICG was performed 15 minutes before LC, while conventional white light was applied in the control group (n=101). The efficiency of bile duct discrimination, operation time, intraoperative bleeding and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups. Results: Of the 198 patients, 86 were males and 112 females. The differences were not statisticly significant in age [52 (44, 63) vs 56 (46, 68) years, P>0.05], history of chronic inflammation [34(35.1%) vs 31(30.7%) cases, P>0.05] and other clinical baseline data between the two groups. Compared with the control group, the fluorescence group had higher efficiency of bile duct identification [18 (16,19) vs 38 (28,55) min,P<0.001], shorter operation time [45 (40,60) vs 80 (65,100) min,P<0.001], less intraoperative bleeding [10 (5,15) vs 60 (20,100) ml,P<0.001], and less postoperative liver function damage [alanine aminotransferase 35.0 (23.4,51.0) vs 98.3 (67.0,134.8)U/L,P<0.001]. In the control group, there was one case of biliary duct injury during operation, one case of postoperative biliary fistula, and one case of postoperative hemorrhage. No similar adverse event was found in fluorescence group. Conclusions: ICG fluorescence imaging can improve the efficiency of LC for patients with acute cholecystitis. It is easy to operate and has a good clinical application value.
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Affiliation(s)
- X D Zhang
- Department of Hepato-biliary-pancreatic Surgery,the Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People 's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University,Changzhou 213004,China
| | - T Li
- Department of Hepato-biliary-pancreatic Surgery,the Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People 's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University,Changzhou 213004,China
| | - L Jin
- Department of Hepato-biliary-pancreatic Surgery,the Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People 's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University,Changzhou 213004,China
| | - Q S Fu
- Department of Hepato-biliary-pancreatic Surgery,the Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People 's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University,Changzhou 213004,China
| | - C F Zhu
- Department of Hepato-biliary-pancreatic Surgery,the Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People 's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University,Changzhou 213004,China
| | - X H Qin
- Department of Hepato-biliary-pancreatic Surgery,the Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People 's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University,Changzhou 213004,China
| | - B Q Wu
- Department of Hepato-biliary-pancreatic Surgery,the Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People 's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University,Changzhou 213004,China
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6
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Jia C, Feng Z, Lin X, Cui Q, Han S, Jin Y, Liu G, Yang C, Ye X, Dai Y, Liang W, Ye X, Mo J, Ding L, Wu B, Chen H, Li C, Zhang Z, Rong X, Huang W, Shen W, Yang B, Lv J, Huo L, Huang H, Rao H, Yan W, Yang Y, Ren X, Liu D, Wang F, Diao S, Liu X, You C, Meng Q, Wang B, Zhang L, Huang Y, Ao D, Li W, Chen J, Chen Y, Li W, Chen Z, Ding Y, Li X, Huang Y, Lin N, Cai Y, Wan Z, Ban Y, Bai B, Li G, Yan Y, Wu F. The Survival Rate of Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants Improved in Guangdong Province, China.. [DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-1019118/v2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
With the increase in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants, their outcomes received special attention. However, in China, studies of the outcomes of ELBW infants are rare.
Methods
The hospitalized records of ELBW infants discharged from twenty-six neonatal intensive care units were reviewed and analyzed.
Results
A total of 2575 ELBW infants were enrolled and the overall survival rate was 55.11%. From 2008 to 2017, the number of ELBW infants increased rapidly from 91 to 466, and the survival rate improved steadily from 41.76–62.02%. The survival rate rose with increasing BW, the ascending level of regional economic development and specialist hospitals. The incidence of complications was neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (85.2%), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (63.7%), retinopathy of prematurity (39.3%), intraventricular hemorrhage (29.4%), necrotizing enterocolitis (12.0%), and periventricular leukomalacia (8.0%). Among the 1156 nonsurvivors, 90.0% of infants died during the neonatal period (≤ 28 days), and the other died after the neonatal period. A total of 768 ELBW infants died after medical care withdrawal, with economic factors and expected outcome being important causes.
Conclusion
The number of ELBW infants is increasing in China, and the overall survival rate is still low but is improving steadily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hong Jia
- the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Zhou-Shan Feng
- the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Xiao-Jun Lin
- the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Qi-Liang Cui
- the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Sha-Sha Han
- the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University
| | - Ya Jin
- the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiu-Zhen Ye
- Women and Children Hospital of Guangdong Province
| | - Jing Mo
- Women and Children Hospital of Guangdong Province
| | | | | | | | | | - Zhe Zhang
- Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center
| | - Xiao Rong
- Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center
| | | | - Wei Shen
- Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yong Yang
- Dongguan Maternity and Child Health Hospital
| | - Xue-Jun Ren
- Dongguan Maternity and Child Health Hospital
| | - Dong Liu
- Jiangmen Central Hospital, Affiliated Jiangmen Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Fang-Fang Wang
- Jiangmen Central Hospital, Affiliated Jiangmen Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University
| | | | | | | | - Qiong Meng
- Guangdong Second Provincial People’s Hospital
| | - Bin Wang
- Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University
| | | | - Yu-Ge Huang
- the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University
| | - Dang Ao
- the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University
| | - Wei-Zhong Li
- the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College
| | - Jie-Ling Chen
- the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College
| | - Yan-Ling Chen
- Jinan University Medical College Affiliated Dongguan Hospital
| | - Wei Li
- Jinan University Medical College Affiliated Dongguan Hospital
| | | | | | - Xiao-Yu Li
- the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University
| | | | - Ni-Yang Lin
- the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College
| | - Yang-Fan Cai
- the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College
| | | | - Yi Ban
- Nanhai District People’s Hospital of Foshan
| | - Bo Bai
- Huadu District People’s Hospital of Guangzhou
| | | | | | - Fan Wu
- the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University
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7
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Zhang B, Zhao S, Wan H, Liu Y, Zhang F, Guo X, Zeng W, Zhang H, Zeng L, Qu J, Wu BQ, Wan X, Cantor CR, Ge D. Correction: High-resolution DNA size enrichment using a magnetic nano-platform and application in non-invasive prenatal testing. Analyst 2022; 147:542. [DOI: 10.1039/d1an90111g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Correction for ‘High-resolution DNA size enrichment using a magnetic nano-platform and application in non-invasive prenatal testing’ by Bo Zhang et al., Analyst, 2020, 145, 5733–5739, DOI: 10.1039/D0AN00813C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Apostle Inc., San Jose, CA 95134, USA
- School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
- Shenzhen Apostle-Sustech Ltd, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | - Shuting Zhao
- Apostle Inc., San Jose, CA 95134, USA
- Shenzhen Apostle-Sustech Ltd, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | - Hao Wan
- Apostle Inc., San Jose, CA 95134, USA
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xin Guo
- Apostle Inc., San Jose, CA 95134, USA
- School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
- Shenzhen Apostle-Sustech Ltd, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | - Wenqi Zeng
- Apostle Inc., San Jose, CA 95134, USA
- Shenzhen Apostle-Sustech Ltd, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | - Linghua Zeng
- School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | - Jiale Qu
- Shenzhen Apostle-Sustech Ltd, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | - Ben-Qing Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | - Xinhong Wan
- Longgang District Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | - Charles R. Cantor
- Apostle Inc., San Jose, CA 95134, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Dongliang Ge
- Apostle Inc., San Jose, CA 95134, USA
- School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
- Shenzhen Apostle-Sustech Ltd, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
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8
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Chen N, Wang HB, Wu BQ, Jiang JH, Yang JT, Tang LJ, He HQ, Linghu DD. Using random forest to detect multiple inherited metabolic diseases simultaneously based on GC-MS urinary metabolomics. Talanta 2021; 235:122720. [PMID: 34517588 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inborn errors of metabolism, also known as inherited metabolic diseases (IMDs), are related to genetic mutations and cause corresponding biochemical metabolic disorder of newborns and even sudden infant death. Timely detection and diagnosis of IMDs are of great significance for improving survival of newborns. Here we propose a strategy for simultaneously detecting six types of IMDs via combining GC-MS technique with the random forest algorithm (RF). Clinical urine samples from IMD and healthy patients are analyzed using GC-MS for acquiring metabolomics data. Then, the RF model is established as a multi-classification tool for the GC-MS data. Compared with the models built by artificial neural network and support vector machine, the results demonstrated the RF model has superior performance of high specificity, sensitivity, precision, accuracy, and matthews correlation coefficients on identifying all six types of IMDs and normal samples. The proposed strategy can afford a useful method for reliable and effective identification of multiple IMDs in clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Hai-Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Ben-Qing Wu
- Department of Pediatric, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, PR China
| | - Jian-Hui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
| | - Jiang-Tao Yang
- Shenzhen Aone Medical Laboratory Co, Ltd, Shenzhen, 518000, PR China
| | - Li-Juan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
| | - Hong-Qin He
- Yuncheng Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Yuncheng, Shanxi, 044000, PR China
| | - Dan-Dan Linghu
- Yuncheng Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Yuncheng, Shanxi, 044000, PR China
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9
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Yang Q, Shi BH, Tian GL, Niu QQ, Tang J, Linghu DD, He HQ, Wu BQ, Yang JT, Xu L, Yu RQ. GC–MS urinary metabolomics analysis of inherited metabolic diseases and stable metabolic biomarker screening by a comprehensive chemometric method. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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10
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Zhang B, Zhao S, Wan H, Liu Y, Zhang F, Guo X, Zeng W, Zhang H, Zeng L, Qu J, Wu BQ, Wan X, Cantor CR, Ge D. High-resolution DNA size enrichment using a magnetic nano-platform and application in non-invasive prenatal testing. Analyst 2021; 145:5733-5739. [PMID: 32748914 DOI: 10.1039/d0an00813c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Precise DNA sizing can boost sequencing efficiency, reduce cost, improve data quality, and even allow sequencing of low-input samples, while current pervasive DNA sizing approaches are incapable of differentiating DNA fragments under 200 bp with high resolution (<20 bp). In non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT), the size distribution of cell-free fetal DNA in maternal plasma (main peak at 143 bp) is significantly different from that of maternal cell-free DNA (main peak at 166 bp). The current pervasive workflow of NIPT and DNA sizing is unable to take advantage of this 20 bp difference, resulting in sample rejection, test inaccuracy, and restricted clinical utility. Here we report a simple, automatable, high-resolution DNA size enrichment workflow, named MiniEnrich, on a magnetic nano-platform to exploit this 20 bp size difference and to enrich fetal DNA fragments from maternal blood. Two types of magnetic nanoparticles were developed, with one able to filter high-molecular-weight DNA with high resolution and the other able to recover the remaining DNA fragments under the size threshold of interest with >95% yield. Using this method, the average fetal fraction was increased from 13% to 20% after the enrichment, as measured by plasma DNA sequencing. This approach provides a new tool for high-resolution DNA size enrichment under 200 bp, which may improve NIPT accuracy by rescuing rejected non-reportable clinical samples, and enable NIPT earlier in pregnancy. It also has the potential to improve non-invasive screening for fetal monogenic disorders, differentiate tumor-related DNA in liquid biopsy and find more applications in autoimmune disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Apostle Inc., San Jose, CA 95134, USA.
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11
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Zhang CD, Wang YL, Zhou DM, Zhu MY, Lv Y, Hao XQ, Qu CF, Chen Y, Gu WZ, Wu BQ, Chen PC, Zhao ZY. A recombinant Chinese measles virus vaccine strain rMV-Hu191 inhibits human colorectal cancer growth through inducing autophagy and apoptosis regulating by PI3K/AKT pathway. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101091. [PMID: 33848808 PMCID: PMC8063909 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The recombinant Chinese measles virus vaccine strain rMV-Hu191 induced efficient infection and oncolytic effects in human CRC both in vitro and in vivo. rMV-Hu191 induced the caspase-dependent apoptosis and complete autophagy in CRC cells. Autophagy served as a protective role in human CRC cells’ apoptosis induced by rMV-Hu191. rMV-Hu191-induced autophagy and apoptosis were regulated by the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in human CRC.
The potential therapeutic effects of oncolytic measles virotherapy have been verified against plenty of malignancies. However, the oncolytic effects and underlying mechanisms of the recombinant Chinese measles virus vaccine strain Hu191 (rMV-Hu191) against human colorectal cancer (CRC) remain elusive. In this study, the antitumor effects of rMV-Hu191 were evaluated in CRC both in vitro and in vivo. From our data, rMV-Hu191 induced remarkably caspase-dependent apoptosis and complete autophagy in vitro. In mice bearing CRC xenografts, tumor volume was remarkably suppressed and median survival was prolonged significantly with intratumoral treatment of rMV-Hu191. To gain further insight into the relationship of rMV-Hu191-induced apoptosis and autophagy, we utilized Rapa and shATG7 to regulate autophagy. Our data suggested that autophagy was served as a protective role in rMV-Hu191-induced apoptosis in CRC. PI3K/AKT signaling pathway as one of the common upstream pathways of apoptosis and autophagy was activated in CRC after treatment with rMV-Hu191. And inhibition of PI3K/AKT pathway using LY294002 was accompanied by enhanced apoptosis and decreased autophagy which suggested that PI3K/AKT pathway promoted rMV-Hu191-induced autophagy and inhibited rMV-Hu191-induced apoptosis. This is the first study to demonstrate that rMV-Hu191 could be used as a potentially effective therapeutic agent in CRC treatment. As part of the underlying cellular mechanisms, apoptosis and autophagy were involved in the oncolytic effects generated by rMV-Hu191. And the cross-talk between these two processes and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was well identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-di Zhang
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, Zhejiang. China; Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang. China.
| | - Yi-Long Wang
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, Zhejiang. China.
| | - Dong-Ming Zhou
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, Zhejiang. China.
| | - Meng-Ying Zhu
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, Zhejiang. China; Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang. China.
| | - Yao Lv
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, Zhejiang. China.
| | - Xiao-Qiang Hao
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, Zhejiang. China.
| | - Chu-Fan Qu
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, Zhejiang. China; Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang. China.
| | - Yi Chen
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, Zhejiang. China; Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang. China.
| | - Wei-Zhong Gu
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, Zhejiang. China.
| | - Ben-Qing Wu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, China.
| | - Pei-Chun Chen
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, China.
| | - Zheng-Yan Zhao
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, Zhejiang. China; Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang. China.
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12
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Ren GL, Wang XF, Xu J, Li J, Meng Q, Xie GQ, Huang B, Zhu WC, Lin J, Tang CH, Ye S, Li Z, Zhu J, Tang Z, Ma MX, Xie C, Wu YW, Liu CX, Yang F, Zhou YZ, Zheng Y, Lan SL, Chen JF, Ye F, He Y, Wu BQ, Chen L, Fu SM, Zheng CZ, Shi Y. Comparison of acute pneumonia caused by SARS-COV-2 and other respiratory viruses in children: a retrospective multi-center cohort study during COVID-19 outbreak. Mil Med Res 2021; 8:13. [PMID: 33593415 PMCID: PMC7886299 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-021-00306-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Until January 18, 2021, coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has infected more than 93 million individuals and has caused a certain degree of panic. Viral pneumonia caused by common viruses such as respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, human metapneumovirus, human bocavirus, and parainfluenza viruses have been more common in children. However, the incidence of COVID-19 in children was significantly lower than that in adults. The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical manifestations, treatment and outcomes of COVID-19 in children compared with those of other sources of viral pneumonia diagnosed during the COVID-19 outbreak. METHODS Children with COVID-19 and viral pneumonia admitted to 20 hospitals were enrolled in this retrospective multi-center cohort study. A total of 64 children with COVID-19 were defined as the COVID-19 cohort, of which 40 children who developed pneumonia were defined as the COVID-19 pneumonia cohort. Another 284 children with pneumonia caused by other viruses were defined as the viral pneumonia cohort. The epidemiologic, clinical, and laboratory findings were compared by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, t-test, Mann-Whitney U test and Contingency table method. Drug usage, immunotherapy, blood transfusion, and need for oxygen support were collected as the treatment indexes. Mortality, intensive care needs and symptomatic duration were collected as the outcome indicators. RESULTS Compared with the viral pneumonia cohort, children in the COVID-19 cohort were mostly exposed to family members confirmed to have COVID-19 (53/64 vs. 23/284), were of older median age (6.3 vs. 3.2 years), and had a higher proportion of ground-glass opacity (GGO) on computed tomography (18/40 vs. 0/38, P < 0.001). Children in the COVID-19 pneumonia cohort had a lower proportion of severe cases (1/40 vs. 38/284, P = 0.048), and lower cases with high fever (3/40 vs. 167/284, P < 0.001), requiring intensive care (1/40 vs. 32/284, P < 0.047) and with shorter symptomatic duration (median 5 vs. 8 d, P < 0.001). The proportion of cases with evaluated inflammatory indicators, biochemical indicators related to organ or tissue damage, D-dimer and secondary bacterial infection were lower in the COVID-19 pneumonia cohort than those in the viral pneumonia cohort (P < 0.05). No statistical differences were found in the duration of positive PCR results from pharyngeal swabs in 25 children with COVID-19 who received antiviral drugs (lopinavir-ritonavir, ribavirin, and arbidol) as compared with duration in 39 children without antiviral therapy [median 10 vs. 9 d, P = 0.885]. CONCLUSION The symptoms and severity of COVID-19 pneumonia in children were no more severe than those in children with other viral pneumonia. Lopinavir-ritonavir, ribavirin and arbidol do not shorten the duration of positive PCR results from pharyngeal swabs in children with COVID-19. During the COVID-19 outbreak, attention also must be given to children with infection by other pathogens infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Li Ren
- Department of Pediatrics, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA, 111 Liuhua Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510010, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xian-Feng Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518100, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430010, China
| | - Jun Li
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Huangshi, Huangshi, 435000, Hubei, China
| | - Qiong Meng
- Department of Pediatrics, the Second People's Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510317, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Xie
- Department of Pediatrics, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA, 111 Liuhua Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510010, Guangdong, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (the First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Guizhou, 563000, China
| | - Wei-Chun Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, the Eighth People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510440, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, the Eighth People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510440, China
| | - Cheng-He Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453100, Henan, China
| | - Sheng Ye
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, the Children's Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Department of Emergency / Critical Medicine, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA, 111 Liuhua Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510010, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhen Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA, 111 Liuhua Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510010, Guangdong, China
| | - Ming-Xin Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA, 111 Liuhua Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510010, Guangdong, China
| | - Cong Xie
- Department of Pediatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Ying-Wen Wu
- Department of Medical information date room, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA, Guangzhou, 510010, China
| | - Chen-Xi Liu
- Department of Medical information date room, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA, Guangzhou, 510010, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yu-Zong Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Yangjiang, Yangjiang, 529500, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Hospital Affiliated to the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Shu-Ling Lan
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jian-Feng Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Feng Ye
- Department of Pediatrics, Military Hospital of 74 Group of PLA, Guangzhou, 510318, China
| | - Yu He
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University/Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child/Development and Disorders/National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders/Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Ben-Qing Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Hospital Affiliated to the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University/Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child/Development and Disorders/National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders/Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Si-Mao Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhongshan Boai Hospital, Zhongshan, 528403, Guangdong, China.
| | - Cheng-Zhong Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Strategic Support Force Medical Center of PLA, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Yuan Shi
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University/Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child/Development and Disorders/National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders/Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China.
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Sheng XW, Bing S, Lu CQ, Yuan XY, Zang YT, Zhan ZW, Shu DQ, Li YJ, Li MT, Wu BQ. A combined approach using slightly acidic electrolyzed water and UV exposure to improve egg internal quality during storage. Poult Sci 2020; 99:6007-6012. [PMID: 33142519 PMCID: PMC7647765 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the combined efficacy of slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) and UV light (UV) in improving egg internal quality (weight loss, Haugh unit, yolk index, albumen pH) over a 6-wk storage time at 25°C. Eggs were preserved after immersion for 4 min in SAEW (30 mg/L), irradiation for 4 min under a UV lamp, or a combination of SAEW and UV treatment for 4 min. The combination of SAEW and UV inhibited the deterioration of yolk index over the storage period, as well as reducing the extent of decrease in Haugh unit and of weight loss during storage at 25°C, and it was more effective than SAEW or UV alone in maintaining egg internal quality (P < 0.05). The results highlight the promising use of a SAEW and UV combination treatment to improve egg internal quality during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- X W Sheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi, 330045, China
| | - Sh Bing
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi, 330045, China
| | - C Q Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi, 330045, China
| | - X Y Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi, 330045, China
| | - Y T Zang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi, 330045, China.
| | - Z W Zhan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi, 330045, China
| | - D Q Shu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi, 330045, China
| | - Y J Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi, 330045, China
| | - M T Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi, 330045, China
| | - B Q Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi, 330045, China
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Yang Q, Tian GL, Qin JW, Wu BQ, Tan L, Xu L, Wu SZ, Yang JT, Jiang JH, Yu RQ. Coupling bootstrap with synergy self-organizing map-based orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis: Stable metabolic biomarker selection for inherited metabolic diseases. Talanta 2020; 219:121370. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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15
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Zhu XY, Wu BQ. [Recognition and discussion of several technical details in neonatal resuscitation training]. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2020; 22:555-560. [PMID: 32571451 PMCID: PMC7390203 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.1911162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the current revision of neonatal resuscitation training course material and its in-depth learning, referring to the American original textbook on neonatal resuscitation, the authors have some recognition and discussion about its several technical details or translated words. These include the location and time period of postnatal rapid assessment, the expression of respiratory questions, the pressing position in the tracheal intubation, and the expression of respiratory questions in the flow chart of resuscitation, etc. The accurate understanding and interpretation of the above will help grass-roots training to be carried out more accurately and effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Zhu
- Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, South Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518028, China.
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Chen YZ, Sun DQ, Zheng Y, Zheng GK, Chen RQ, Lin M, Huang LF, Huang C, Song D, Wu BQ. WISP1 silencing confers protection against epithelial-mesenchymal transition of renal tubular epithelial cells in rats via inactivation of the wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in uremia. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:9673-9686. [PMID: 30556898 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Uremia can affect hepatic metabolism of drugs by regulating the clearance of drugs, but it has not been clarified whether gene silencing could modulate the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in uremia. Hence, we investigated the effect of WISP1 gene silencing on the renal tubular EMT in uremia through the wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Initially, microarray-based gene expression profiling of uremia was used to identify differentially expressed genes. Following the establishment of uremia rat model, serum creatinine, and urea nitrogen of rats were detected. Renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) were transfected with shRNA-WISP1 lentivirus interference vectors and LiCI (the wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway activator) to explore the regulatory mechanism of WISP1 in uremia in relation to the wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Then, expression of WISP1, wnt2b, E-cadherin, α-SMA, c-myc, Cyclin D1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 was determined. Furthermore, TEC migration and invasion were evaluated. Results suggested that WISP1 and the wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway were associated with uremia. Uremic rats exhibited increased serum creatinine and urea nitrogen levels, upregulated WISPl, and activated wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Subsequently, WISP1 silencing decreased wnt2b, c-myc, Cyclin D1, α-SMA, MMP-2, and MMP-9 expression but increased E-cadherin expression, whereas LiCI treatment exhibited the opposite trends. In addition, WISP1 silencing suppressed TEC migration and invasion, whereas LiCI treatment promoted TEC migration and invasion. The findings indicate that WISP1 gene silencing suppresses the activation of the wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, thus reducing EMT of renal TECs in uremic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Zhen Chen
- Department of Nephrology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dan-Qin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Central Laboratory, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Central Laboratory, Huadu District People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guang-Kuai Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rong-Quan Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Mei Lin
- Department of Nephrology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lian-Fang Huang
- Department of Nephrology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cong Huang
- Department of Nephrology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dan Song
- Department of Nephrology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ben-Qing Wu
- Children's Medical Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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17
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Wang W, Wu BQ, Chen GB, Zhou Y, Li ZH, Zhang JL, Ding YL, Zhang P, Wang JQ. Meta-analysis of the association of IGFBP3 and IGF1 polymorphisms with susceptibility to colorectal cancer. Neoplasma 2018; 65:855-864. [PMID: 30334445 DOI: 10.4149/neo_2018_170720n491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to comprehensively evaluate the associations of IGFBP3 and IGF1 polymorphisms with susceptibility to colorectal cancer (CRC). We searched the English and Chinese databases and recruited case-control studies based on strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. The statistical analysis was performed by the Comprehensive Meta-analysis 2.0 (CMA 2.0) software and this initially identified 251 studies. We then recruited 10 English studies to this meta-analysis detailed review which includes 9,415 CRC patients and 14,179 healthy controls. Our results demonstrated that IGFBP3 rs2854746 C>G polymorphism increases susceptibility to the CRC (allele model: OR=1.167, 95% CI=1.095~1.244, p<0.001 and to the dominant gene model: OR=1.226, 95% CI=1.113~1.350, p<0.001); but IGFBP3 rs2854744 A>C has no significant association with the CRC susceptibility (allele model: OR=0.970, 95% CI=0.932~1.010, p=0.138; dominant gene model: OR=0.995, 95% CI=0.936~1.057, p=0.874). Also, IGF1 rs35767 C>T polymorphism decreases susceptibility to CRC (allele model: OR=0.785, 95% CI=0.726~0.850, p<0.001 and also the dominant model: OR=0.730, 95% CI=0.661~0.806, p<0.001). However, IGFBP3 rs2854746 C>G is considered the susceptible CRC polymorphism and IGF1 rs35767 C>T is CRC protective.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Wang
- General Surgery, Heping Hospital of Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - B Q Wu
- General Surgery, Heping Hospital of Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - G B Chen
- General Surgery, Heping Hospital of Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Y Zhou
- General Surgery, Heping Hospital of Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Z H Li
- General Surgery, Heping Hospital of Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - J L Zhang
- General Surgery, Heping Hospital of Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Y L Ding
- General Surgery, Heping Hospital of Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - P Zhang
- General Surgery, Heping Hospital of Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - J Q Wang
- General Surgery, Heping Hospital of Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
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18
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Yang YL, Wu BQ, Su JZ, Yang L, Zhong GC, Liu L. [Clinical efficacy of nasal high-frequency ventilation in treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome: a Meta analysis]. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2018; 20:897-903. [PMID: 30477619 PMCID: PMC7389021 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy of nasal high-frequency ventilation (nHFV) in the treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS). METHODS A literature search was performed in PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBase (Ovid), Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Chinese Journal Full-text Database, Wanfang Data, and Weipu Data to collect the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the clinical efficacy of nHFV and nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) in the treatment of NRDS. A Meta analysis was performed on the included RCTs using Rev Man 5.3 software after data extraction and quality evaluation by Cochrane 5.1.0. RESULTS A total of 4 RCTs involving 218 patients were included. The Meta analysis showed that compared with the nCPAP group, the nHFV group had a significantly better treatment outcome (RR=1.73, 95%CI: 1.39-2.15, P<0.00001). There were no significant differences in the incidence rates of intraventricular hemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, necrotizing enterocolitis, pneumothorax and retinopathy of prematurity. CONCLUSIONS Compared with nCPAP, nHFV has better clinical efficacy in the treatment of NRDS, without increasing the risk of related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lan Yang
- Department of Neonatology, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, China.
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19
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Su JZ, Yang YL, Rong R, Wu BQ. Genotype and homology analysis of pathogenic and colonization strains of Candida albicans from hospitalized neonates. Pediatr Neonatol 2018; 59:488-493. [PMID: 29339049 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To detect the genotypes of pathogenic and colonization Candida albicans strains and to reveal whether there was a homologous relationship between these strains. METHODS Pathogenic and colonization isolates were collected from infants in the NICU of Shenzhen People's Hospital (Shenzhen, People's Republic of China). rDNA identification, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and multi-loci variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) were used for species confirmation, strain identification, phylogenetic tree clustering, and assessment of homology among the pathogenic and colonization strains. RESULTS All 48 isolates belonged to C. albicans species; 12 were collected from premature infants with fungal sepsis. These isolates generated 5 sequence types (ST1867, ST2551, ST2552, ST2937, and ST2945) and were designated as pathogenic strains. The other 36 isolates were collected from the infants without fungal infection; 9 sequence types were detected and designated as the colonization strains. In the phylogenetic tree, the upper branch consisted of a 4° clade composed of 20 colonization isolates designated to 3 strains, and 4 pathogenic isolates designated to 1 strain; a 5° clade composed of 8 pathogenic isolates designated to 3 strains; and a 4° clade consisting 1 pathogenic isolate designated to 1 strain and 4 colonization isolates designated to 2 strains. The lower branch consisted of a 3° clade composed of 6 colonization isolates designated to 2 strains and a control pathogenic isolate, and a 3° clade composed of 5 colonization isolates designated to 2 strains. CONCLUSION Although there was no core ST detected to specify pathogenicity or colonization of C. albicans, the genotypes of the colonization strains were different from those of the pathogenic strains. Most of the colonization and pathogenic strains were highly homologous within their classifications while some pathogenic strains had genomes highly homologous with those of colonization strains and clustered in heterogeneous groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Zhen Su
- Department of Neonatology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second clinical medical college of JiNan University, Shenzhen City 518020, China.
| | - Yu-Lan Yang
- Department of Neonatology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second clinical medical college of JiNan University, Shenzhen City 518020, China.
| | - Rong Rong
- Department of Neonatology, The Northwest Women and Children Hospital, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province 710000, China.
| | - Ben-Qing Wu
- Department of Neonatology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second clinical medical college of JiNan University, Shenzhen City 518020, China.
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Cheng HR, He SR, Wu BQ, Li DC, Hu TY, Chen L, Deng ZH. Deep Illumina sequencing reveals differential expression of long non-coding RNAs in hyperoxia induced bronchopulmonary dysplasia in a rat model. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:5696-5707. [PMID: 29312522 PMCID: PMC5752920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in premature infants is a predominantly secondary occurrence to intrauterine inflammation/infection and postpartum mechanical ventilation; The purpose of this study is to explore the biological roles of lincRNA in the pathogenesis of BPD. METHODS Newborn rats were randomly assigned to hyperoxia (85% O2) or the control group: the normoxia group (21% O2). Lung tissues were collected on days 1-14. The BPD animal model was validated using HE staining, Masson staining, and real-time RT-PCR. Deep Illumina sequencing was used to reveal the differential expression of long non-coding RNAs in hyperoxia bronchopulmonary dysplasia rat models. KEGG and GO functions were predicted. Nine possible BPD-related target lincRNAs were verified by RTq-PCR. RESULTS The histopathologic changes in lung tissues manifested as hyperaemia, edema, hemorrhage, and inflammation cell infiltration after continuous exposure to hyperoxia for 3 days, and became aggravated after 7 days of hyperoxic exposure. The above lung tissue inflammatory manifestations were alleviated and taken over by pulmonary interstitia hyperplasia and fibrocyte proliferation after 14 days of hyperoxic exposure. The expressions of lincRNA differed between the hyperoxia bronchopulmonary dysplasia model group and the normoxia group. 1175 different lincRNAs were detected in the hyperoxia group and the normoxia group, of which 544 were up-regulated and 631 were down-regulated. 673 moleculars related to GO functions were enriched, including cell location and biological process. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that lincRNA was involved in 257 KEGG pathways. 9 lincRNA were validated in the sample, and the difference was statistically significant. CONCLUSION LincRNAs were identified differently between the BPD model and the normoxia group. Many target genes were involved in the developmental process, including cell component biogenesis, biological regulation, transcription regulator, and translation regulator. The BPD might be caused by the activation of the pathways of the EMC-receptor interaction, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, cell cycle, and cell adhesion molecules. The present study provides new insight into the pathogenesis mechanism of BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Rong Cheng
- Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhou 510080, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The Second Clinical Medicine College of Jinan UniversityShenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Shao-Ru He
- Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ben-Qing Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The Second Clinical Medicine College of Jinan UniversityShenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Dong-Cai Li
- Longgang ENT Hospital, Institute of ENT and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of ENTShenzhen 518172, Guangdong, China
| | - Tian-Yong Hu
- Longgang ENT Hospital, Institute of ENT and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of ENTShenzhen 518172, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The Second Clinical Medicine College of Jinan UniversityShenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhu-Hui Deng
- Longgang ENT Hospital, Institute of ENT and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of ENTShenzhen 518172, Guangdong, China
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Chen GF, Li HT, Huang JJ, Wang ZX, Li Y, Yang CZ, Wu BQ, Liu WL, Liu LH, Kong Q, Liu RT. [Relationship between serum erythropoietin levels and brain injury in preterm infants]. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2016; 18:947-952. [PMID: 27751209 PMCID: PMC7389545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the relationship between the levels of erythropoietin (EPO) in serum and brain injury in preterm infants. METHODS Three hundred and four preterm infants (gestational age: 28-34 weeks) born between October 2014 and September 2015 were enrolled in this study. Brain injury was diagnosed using cerebral ultrasound and MRI. The levels of EPO, S100 protein, neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and myelin basic protein (MBP) in serum were detected using ELISA. To compare the incidence of brain injury in different serum EPO levels in preterm infants, and the relationship between brain injury and serum EPO levels was analyzed. RESULTS The incidence rate of brain injury in preterm infants was 41.1% (125/304). The incidence rate of brain injury in the low EPO level group was significantly higher than that in the middle-high EPO level groups (P<0.01). The serum levels of S100 protein, NSE, and MBP in the brain injury groups were significantly higher than in the control group (P<0.01). The serum EPO levels were negatively correlated with serum S100 protein concentration and NSE levels (P<0.05). According to the multiple logistic regression analysis, low gestational age, low birth weight, asphyxia, prolonged mechanical ventilation, anemia and low serum EPO levels were the risk factor for brain injury in preterm infants. CONCLUSIONS There is a higher incidence rate of brain injury in preterm infants with lower serum EPO levels. The serum EPO levels may be correlated with brain injury in preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Fu Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, China.
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22
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Chen GF, Li HT, Huang JJ, Wang ZX, Li Y, Yang CZ, Wu BQ, Liu WL, Liu LH, Kong Q, Liu RT. [Relationship between serum erythropoietin levels and brain injury in preterm infants]. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2016; 18:947-952. [PMID: 27751209 PMCID: PMC7389545 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the relationship between the levels of erythropoietin (EPO) in serum and brain injury in preterm infants. METHODS Three hundred and four preterm infants (gestational age: 28-34 weeks) born between October 2014 and September 2015 were enrolled in this study. Brain injury was diagnosed using cerebral ultrasound and MRI. The levels of EPO, S100 protein, neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and myelin basic protein (MBP) in serum were detected using ELISA. To compare the incidence of brain injury in different serum EPO levels in preterm infants, and the relationship between brain injury and serum EPO levels was analyzed. RESULTS The incidence rate of brain injury in preterm infants was 41.1% (125/304). The incidence rate of brain injury in the low EPO level group was significantly higher than that in the middle-high EPO level groups (P<0.01). The serum levels of S100 protein, NSE, and MBP in the brain injury groups were significantly higher than in the control group (P<0.01). The serum EPO levels were negatively correlated with serum S100 protein concentration and NSE levels (P<0.05). According to the multiple logistic regression analysis, low gestational age, low birth weight, asphyxia, prolonged mechanical ventilation, anemia and low serum EPO levels were the risk factor for brain injury in preterm infants. CONCLUSIONS There is a higher incidence rate of brain injury in preterm infants with lower serum EPO levels. The serum EPO levels may be correlated with brain injury in preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Fu Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, China.
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Cheng HR, Wu BQ, Chen L, Zhang ZX, Li B. Expression and effect of serum interleukin-24 level on bone marrow mononuclear cells in children with acute leukemia. Genet Mol Res 2015; 14:17281-8. [PMID: 26681222 DOI: 10.4238/2015.december.16.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the expression of interleukin-24 (IL-24) in the children with acute leukemia (AL) and its effect on the apoptosis of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNCs) in vitro. Four groups were assessed: acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), non-leukemia, and healthy groups, 20 children in each group. ELISA was used to measure IL-24 serum level. The bone marrow was taken from patients and controls. BMMNCs were isolated and the DNA was analyzed by glucose electrophoresis. Flow cytometry was used to determine BMMNC apoptosis. The serum level of IL-24 in the ALL and AML groups were significantly higher than in the other two groups. There was no statistical difference between ALL and AML groups, either between non-leukemia and healthy groups. BMMNCs were exposed to IL-24 for 48 h, and the apoptotic rate of the group treated with 50 ng/ml IL-24 was obviously higher than that of control group (0 ng/mL). The serum IL-24 level of AL children decreased comparing to non-leukemia and healthy children, indicating that IL-24 can induce BMMNCs apoptosis of AL children in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Shenzhen People Hospital, Jinan University Second Clinical Medical College, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - B Q Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shenzhen People Hospital, Jinan University Second Clinical Medical College, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - L Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Shenzhen People Hospital, Jinan University Second Clinical Medical College, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Z X Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shenzhen People Hospital, Jinan University Second Clinical Medical College, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - B Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Shenzhen People Hospital, Jinan University Second Clinical Medical College, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
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Lin XM, Wu BQ, Huang JJ, Li B, Fan Y, Lin LH, Yao QX, Wu WY, Yu L. [Analysis of CYP21A2 gene mutation in one case of congenital adrenal hyperplasia]. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2013; 15:942-947. [PMID: 24229585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
CYP21A2 gene mutations in a child with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), and the child's parents, were detected in the study. The clinical features, treatment monitoring and molecular genetic mechanism of CAH are reviewed. In the study, DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples using the QIAGEN Blood DNA Mini Kit; a highly specific PCR primer for CYP21A2 gene was designed according to the sequence difference between CYP2lA2 gene and its pseudogene; the whole CYP2lA2 gene was amplified with PrimeSTAR DNA polymerase (Takara), and the amplification product was directly sequenced to detect and analyze CYP2lA2 gene mutation. The child was clinically diagnosed with CAH (21-hydroxylase deficiency, 21-OHD) at the age of 36 days, and the case was confirmed by genetic diagnosis at the age of 1.5 years. The proband had a homozygous mutation at c.293-13C in the second intron of CYP21 gene, while the parents had heterozygous mutations. Early diagnosis and standard treatment of CAH (21-OHD) should be performed to prevent salt-wasting crisis and reduce mortality; bone aging should be avoided to increase final adult height (FAH), and reproductive dysfunction due to oligospermia in adulthood should be avoided. These factors are helpful for improving prognosis and increasing FAH. Investigating the molecular genetic mechanism of CAH can improve recognition and optimize diagnosis of this disease. In addition, carrier diagnosis and genetic counseling for the proband family are of great significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Mei Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, China.
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Wei KL, Yang YJ, Yao YJ, Du LZ, Wang QH, Wang RH, Wang L, Lin Y, Liu J, Wang H, Wang XL, Wu HM, Wu K, Chen Y, Zhong XY, Yu JL, Tan Q, Huang YC, Chen C, Wang JM, Yi B, Nong SH, Li B, Song X, Liu XZ, Lai JP, Zhang YX, Cui QL, Wang YD, Shi L, Guo XF, Guo SL, Yao L, Hong M, Xia SW, Gao XR, Cheng LX, Li Y, Wang HY, Liu DY, Meng QZ, Mu XR, Wang QX, Yan CY, Liu GS, Xie JY, Muheter D, Wu J, Lin LX, Xu JH, Zhao BL, Zhang JH, Wu Y, Chen X, Shan RB, Huang ZH, Hu X, Zhang SR, Ye ZZ, Wu BQ, Chen CH, Xiong Y, Liu YM, Yang ZY, Guo J, Chang LW, Wu GQ, Chen XJ, Liu HC, Wang D, Yu SQ, Liu L, Cai YH, Chen XH, Zeng JW, Li MX, Wu GQ, Li MZ, Li L, Fu ML, Li AY, Li L, Xiong H, Cheng XY, Cheng ZQ. Epidemiologic survey on hospitalized neonates in China. Transl Pediatr 2012; 1:15-22. [PMID: 26835259 PMCID: PMC4728849 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2224-4336.2011.10.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To carry out a nationwide epidemiologic survey on the neonates in urban hospitals with an attempt to understand the disease spectrum and treatment outcomes of hospitalized neonates in China. METHODS The clinical data of 43,289 hospitalized neonates from 86 hospitals in 47 Chinese cities (22 provinces) between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2005 were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS The male:female ratio was 1.73:1. Premature infants accounted for 26.2% of the hospitalized neonates, which was higher than that reported in 2002 (19.7%). The top three diseases during the neonatal period were jaundice, pneumonia, and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. The incidences of pneumonia, meconium aspiration syndrome, and bilirubin encephalopathy in term infants were higher than those in premature infants, while the incidences of asphyxia, respiratory distress syndrome, and pulmonary hemorrhage in term infants were lower than those in premature infants. The incidences of asphyxia, small for gestational age infant, and wet lung were higher in neonates whose mother had pregnancy induced hypertension. The outcomes of these hospitalized neonates included: recovered, 63.9%; improved, 27.3%; discharged due to the family's own decisions, 7.6%, and died, 1.2%. Nearly half (46.4%) of the neonatal death occurred within 24 hrs after admission. CONCLUSION The incidence of premature birth shows an increasing trend among hospitalized neonates. Since the neonatal deaths mainly occur within 24 hrs after admission, monitoring during this period should be enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Lun Wei
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Yu-Jia Yang
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Yu-Jia Yao
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Li-Zhong Du
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Qing-Hong Wang
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Rui-Hua Wang
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Ling Wang
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Ying Lin
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Jing Liu
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Hua Wang
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Xiao-Lei Wang
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Hong-Min Wu
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Kai Wu
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Yin Chen
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Xiao-Yun Zhong
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Jia-Lin Yu
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Qiu Tan
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Yu-Chun Huang
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Chao Chen
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Ji-Mei Wang
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Bin Yi
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Shao-Han Nong
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Bo Li
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Xiong Song
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Xian-Zhi Liu
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Jian-Pu Lai
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - You-Xiang Zhang
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Qi-Liang Cui
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - You-De Wang
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Lin Shi
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Xiu-Feng Guo
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Shao-Li Guo
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Li Yao
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Mei Hong
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Shi-Wen Xia
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Xi-Rong Gao
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Lin-Xia Cheng
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Yun Li
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Hong-Yun Wang
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Dong-Yan Liu
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Qing-Zhi Meng
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Xiu-Rong Mu
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Qi-Xin Wang
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Chao-Ying Yan
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Guo-Sheng Liu
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Jun-Ying Xie
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Dawuti Muheter
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Jing Wu
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Li-Xing Lin
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Jia-Hui Xu
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Bai-Li Zhao
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Jing-Hua Zhang
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Ying Wu
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Xiao Chen
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Ruo-Bing Shan
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Zu-Hui Huang
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Xia Hu
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Shu-Rong Zhang
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Zhen-Zhi Ye
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Ben-Qing Wu
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Chang-Hui Chen
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Ying Xiong
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Yu-Min Liu
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Zhen-Ying Yang
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Jing Guo
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Li-Wen Chang
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Gao-Qiang Wu
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Xu-Jie Chen
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Han-Chu Liu
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Dong Wang
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Shu-Qun Yu
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Li Liu
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Yu-Hong Cai
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Xiao-Hua Chen
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Jian-Wu Zeng
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Ming-Xia Li
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Gao-Qiang Wu
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Ming-Zhu Li
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Long Li
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Ming-Liang Fu
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - An-Ying Li
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Li Li
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Hong Xiong
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Xiu-Yong Cheng
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
| | - Zhi-Qiong Cheng
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital; 2 Department of Pediatrics, Central South University Affiliated Xiangya Hospital; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University Affiliated West China Second Hospital; 4 Zhejiang University School of Medicine Affiliated Children's Hospital; 5 Beihai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 6 Beihai People's Hospital; 7 Beijing Children's Hospital Emergency Center; 8 Capital University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Beijing Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital; 9 Chengdu Children's Hospital/Chengdu Children's Emergency Center; 10 Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital; 11 Chongqing Fulin District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 12 Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 13 Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 14 Chongqing Three Gorge Central Hospital Children Health Care Center; 15 Dalian Children's Hospital; 16 Fudan University Affiliated Children's Hospital; 17 Fudan University Affiliated Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital; 18 Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 19 Guangdong People's Hospital; 20 Guangi Minzu Hospital; 21 Guangxi Children's Hospital; 22 Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 23 Guangzhou Children's Hospital; 24 Guangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital; 25 Guangzhou NO.2 People's Hospital; 26 Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 27 Haikou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 28 Hainan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 29 Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital; 30 Harbin Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital; 31 Hölün Buyer Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 32 Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 33 Hunan Children's Hospital; 34 Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 35 Hunan People's Hospital; 36 Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 37 Jiamusi University Affiliated First Hospital; 38 Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital; 39 Jiaxi Chi
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Wu J, Wu BQ, Huang JJ, Luo L, Tang Y. [Risk factors and pathogen distribution in premature infants with nosocomial sepsis]. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2012; 14:93-96. [PMID: 22357463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the main risk factors and pathogen distribution of nosocomial sepsis among premature infants. METHODS The clinical data of 3418 hospitalized premature infants from January 2003 to December 2010 were retrospectively analyzed for the risk factors and pathogen distribution of nosocomial sepsis. RESULTS The incidence of neonatal nosocomial sepsis was 3.10% (106/3418), and the median age at diagnosis of neonatal nosocomial sepsis was 19 (4-48) days. The major pathogens of the infections among these premature infants included gram-positive bacteria (45.2%), especially coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (24.3%), and gram-negative bacteria (41.7%), especially Klebsiella pneumoniae (25.2%), as well as fungus (13.0%). Logistic regression analysis showed that the main risk factors included low birth weight, retention of central venous catheters, and long duration of parenteral nutrition (OR: 3.765, 3.051, and 2.998, respectively; P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Low birth weight, retention of central venous catheters, and long duration of parenteral nutrition are the main risk factors for neonatal nosocomial sepsis, whereas the leading pathogen is Klebsiella pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wu
- Department of Neonatology, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guandong, China.
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27
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Abstract
A novel Bacillus subtilis KD1 strain was isolated and identified from healthy broilers, and its phylogenetic classification was subsequently analyzed. To evaluate its probiotic availability, its growth characteristics and tolerance for the gut environment were evaluated in vitro. The results suggest that B. subtilis KD1 is superior in secreting neutral protease and is highly tolerant of gastric acid and bile salt. In the logarithmic growth phase, the neutral protease reached a maximum of 1,369.3 U/mL. When all live bacteria had become spores in the broth, B. subtilis KD1 was freeze dried and fed to broilers at 10(9), 5 × 10(9), and 10(10) bacilli/kg of feed. The animal trial results suggest that the addition of the new strain significantly improved intestinal flora by increasing lactobacilli and reducing Escherichia coli (P < 0.05) as compared with the control; hence, B. subtilis KD1 is a promising probiotic organism in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Q Wu
- South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
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28
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Huang JJ, Wu BQ, Ding L, Chen L. [Lung fibrosis induced by mechanical ventilation with different tidal volume in neonatal rats]. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2010; 12:799-803. [PMID: 20959046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the changes of collagen synthesis following mechanical ventilation with different tidal volume and the possible mechanism. METHODS Twenty-four neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to hyperventilation (tidal volume 25 mL/kg), conventional ventilation (tidal volume 10 mL/kg) and no mechanical ventilation (control group) (n=8 each group). They were sacrificed 5 hrs after ventilation. Left lung samples were used for histopathologic examinations and the detection of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) expression by immunohistochemistry. Right lung samples were used for the detection of expression of procollagenIII mRNA(PcolIII mRNA), cysteinyl leukotriene mRNA(CysLT1 mRNA)and CTGF mRNA by PCR. RESULTS The severity of lung injury and fibrosis increased significantly with the increasing tidal volume compared with the control group. Lung CTGF mRNA expression in the hyperventilation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). Lung PcolIII mRNA and CysLT1 mRNA levels increased with the increasing tidal volume when compared with the control group. The differences in PcolIII mRNA and CysLT1 mRNA levels between groups were significant (P<0.05). There was a positive correlation between lung PcolIII mRNA expression and the severity of lung injury (r=0.78,P<0.01). CTGF and CysLT levels were positively correlated with PcolIII expression (r = 0.59,0.86,P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Mechanical ventilation using different tidal volume leads to different severities of lung injury, followed by the occurrence of lung fibrosis. The degree of lung fibrosis is consistent with the severity of lung injury. CysLT and CTGF may be involved in the development of lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Jie Huang
- Department of Neonatology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Ding L, Wu BQ, Huang JJ, Liu ZP, Chen L. [Effect of erythropoietin on apoptosis following hyperoxic lung injury in neonatal rats]. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2010; 12:576-579. [PMID: 20637160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effect of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) on apoptosis following hyperoxic lung injury in neonatal rats. METHODS Ninety-six neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: air-exposed control, air-exposed rhEPO-treated, hyperoxia-exposed placebo (95% oxygen), and hyperoxia-exposed rhEPO-treated. rhEPO (800 U/kg) was administered 2, 4, and 6 days after air or hyperoxia exposure. The rats were sacrificed 3, 7 and 14 days after air or hyperoxia exposure for the assessment of lung histological changes by hematoxylin and eosin staining (n=8 each time point). p-JNK levels were measured by Western blot. Lung cell apoptosis was evaluated by TUNEL assay. RESULTS Compared with the air-exposed control group, inflammatory cell infiltration was found at 3 days and increased obviously at 7 days, and widening of the alveolar septa was observed, the number of alveoli decreased and normal alveolarization disappeared at 14 days after hyperoxia exposure in the hyperoxia-exposed placebo group. rhEPO treatment alleviated significantly the hyeroxia-induced alterations in lung pathology. P-JNK protein levels and the number of apoptosis cells decreased significantly in the hyperoxia-exposed rhEPO-treated compared with those in the hyperoxia-exposed placebo group. CONCLUSIONS rhEPO may reduce apoptosis and thus provide a protective effect against hyperoxic lung injury in neonatal rats. JNK signal pathway may be involved in the protective mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Ding
- Department of Neonatology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, China
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Chen HJ, Fan XF, Gao XR, Liu XH, Wu BQ, Wu GQ, Zhou CL. [Multicenter follow-up report of 147 premature infants with brain injuries from 6 hospitals in China]. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2009; 11:166-172. [PMID: 19292948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sponsored by the Subspecialty Group of Neonatology of Pediatric Society, China Medical Association, more than 10 large-scale hospitals participated in the near two-year multicenter investigation for Brain Injuries in Premature Infants in China. The present study presents the follow-up results of 147 premature infants with brain injuries from 6 Third Class A Level hospitals. METHODS All premature infants with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) or periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) diagnosed in the early neonatal period in the 6 hospitals were followed-up between January 2005 and August 2006. Based on the synthetic results of physical development, examination of nervous system, intelligence tests and cranial ultrasound, the premature infants with brain injuries were classified as normal development, marginal development and retarded development. RESULTS One hundred and forty-seven premature infants with brain injuries from the 6 hospitals consisted of 141 cases of IVH and 36 cases of PVL (30 cases having IVH and PVL). Based on the synthetic follow-up results, 51.4% of premature infants with brain injuries were generally assessed as normal development, 38.4% as marginal development and 10.7% as retarded development. Among them, delayed growth in head circumference, height and weight was 13.4%; the occurrence frequency of cerebral paralysis (CP) was 7.1% in PVL grade I, 28.6% in PVL grade II and 100% in PVL grade III; 12.7% showed retarded development of intelligence; and 30% presented post-injurious changes on cranial sonography. CONCLUSIONS The data of the multicenter follow-up can basically reflect the short-term prognosis of premature infants with brain injuries in major big cities of China. About 10% of them have retarded physical, motor-and mental developments. The long-term regular follow-up study is expected for more premature infants with brain injuries, and behavioral sequelae of brain injuries which may occur in peri-school age and adolescence should be paid particularly close attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Jin Chen
- Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Phototherapy may have an adverse effect on the hemodynamics of preterm infants, and endothelin (ET) and nitric oxide (NO) are both the powerful vasoactive substances. This study was designed to observe the effect of phototherapy on blood levels of ET and NO in preterm infants. METHODS Sixty-four preterm infants with hyperbilirubinemia requiring phototherapy were studied. Among them, 31 patients were born at 32-36 weeks' gestational age (GA), and 33 patients were < or =32 weeks GA. Control group included 26 full-term infants with hyperbilirubinemia requiring phototherapy. All patients were treated with continuous phototherapy for 24 hours. Blood samples were collected before and after phototherapy. The amount of ET in the blood samples was determined by radioimmunoassay, and NO levels were determined using nitrate reductase. Heart rate, respiratory rate, apnea, and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) were monitored regularly (defined interval: hourly, 4 hours, etc) during phototherapy. RESULTS Blood ET levels measured after 24 hours of phototherapy were higher than the pretreatment values, as were blood NO levels measured after 12 hours and 24 hours of phototherapy. Both increases were statistically significant (P<0.05) in the GA< or =32 weeks group. In the GA>32 weeks group, blood NO levels measured after 24 hours of phototherapy were higher than the pretreatment values; these changes were also statistically significant (P<0.05). In the GA<32 weeks group, heart rate increased and the MABP decreased during phototherapy. The changes after 24 hours of phototherapy compared to the pretreatment values were statistically significant. A few episodes of apnea occurred during phototherapy in the GA< or =32 weeks group. This was significantly higher than that in the other two groups. CONCLUSIONS Under phototherapy, blood levels of ET and NO were significantly higher in preterm infants, especially in preterm infants of < or =32 weeks GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Sheng Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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Teong YT, Teo ST, Tan LP, Wu BQ, Peh SC. An immunohistochemical and molecular study of gastrointestinal stromal tumours. Med J Malaysia 2006; 61:526-33. [PMID: 17623951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST) is a rare but most common mesenchymal tumour in the gastrointestinal tract. Although GIST research has been carried out extensively worldwide, it has yet to be studied in Malaysia. To establish the immunohistochemical expression pattern of CD117 (c-KIT), CD34, S-100 and Desmin, the incidence of c-KIT and PDGFRA genes mutation in GISTs, and correlate it with clinicopathological parameters. Eleven clinically diagnosed GISTs were stained for CD117, CD34, Desmin and S-100 protein by immunohistochemical technique, and c-KITand PDGFRA gene mutations were studied by PCR-CSGE-DNA sequencing method. All GISTs (7 cases) stain positive for CD117, and co-expressed CD34. None of these cases express Desmin, and only one expressed S-100 protein focally. Fifty-seven percent (4/7 cases) of GIST harboured mutations at exon 11 of c-KIT gene, and they were all high risk and malignant cases. No mutation was detected at exons 9, 13 and 17 of KIT gene, and exons 12 and 18 of PDGFRA gene. Immunohistochemistry using a panel of antibodies shows consistent pattern of CD117 and CD34 expression in GIST, and mutational study may be a useful prognostic marker for kinase inhibitor treatment of GIST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y T Teong
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Zhou KY, Song JZ, Li JZ, Luo H, Xiao XC, Li ZG, Wu BQ. [Examination of cerebral electrical admittance plethysmogram in healthy newborns]. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2006; 8:447-9. [PMID: 17178030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cerebral electrical admittance plethysmography is a novel noninvasive technique for evaluating cerebral hemodynamics. This study aimed to measure the reference values of cerebral electrical admittance plethysmogram in healthy newborns. METHODS Bilateral cerebral electrical admittance plethysmography was performed in 40 healthy newborns. RESULTS The values of various indexes of cerebral electrical admittance plethysmogram in 40 newborns were obtained by this technique. The index of Admittance Differential Loop (ADL) I+II at the third and fourth days after birth was significantly higher than that at the first day of life (P < 0.05). There were significant differences in the index of ADL I+II and the ratio of Hs to b-S (Hs/ b-S) among different birth weight groups (P < 0.05). No significant differences were found in all the indexes of cerebral electrical admittance plethysmogram between the left and right brain of newborns. Gender and parturition mode had also no effects on these indexes. CONCLUSIONS The research reported the reference values of cerebral electrical admittance plethysmogram in healthy newborns. The postnatal age and birth weight are influencing factors for the cerebral electrical admittance plethysmogram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Yimg Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University Medical College, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, China.
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Chen HB, Chen L, Zhung JK, Chow VW, Wu BQ, Wang ZH, Cheng SB, Chew EC. Expression of laminin in metastatic melanoma cell lines with different metastatic potential. Anticancer Res 2001; 21:505-8. [PMID: 11299788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is a complex multi-step process in which tumor cells leave the primary site and develop a secondary tumor in distant organs. Laminin plays an important role in this process. The expression of laminin in four melanoma cell lines with different metastatic potentials was investigated by immunohistochemistry, immunogold electron microscopy and Western blotting. Our results showed that the expression of endogenous laminin and the percentage of the positive cells are higher with increased metastatic potentials. It is, thus, suggested that endogenous laminin may contribute to the different metastatic properties in the melanoma cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- H B Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shantou Medical College, Shantou, China
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35
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Wang ZH, Ding MX, Jin ML, Cheng-Chew SB, Yun JP, Wu BQ, Chew EC. Association of EGFR gene fragments with nuclear matrix proteins in high and low metastatic melanoma cell lines. Anticancer Res 1999; 19:4349-52. [PMID: 10628399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Two melanoma cell lines with different metastatic potential were used to study the association of EGFR gene fragments with the nuclear matrix and its role in cancer metastasis by polymerase chain reaction. A 940 bp positive amplification by PCR using primers I-II was demonstrated in a high metastatic cell line, WM451. A 110 bp positive amplification was shown using primers III-IV in both high and low metastatic cell lines. This finding demonstrates that EGFR gene fragments are tightly bound to the nuclear matrix and suggests that binding ability of this EGFR gene fragment to nuclear matrix seems to be closely related to metastatic potential in melanoma cell lines WM45 1 and WM35.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z H Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
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Wang SW, Yam HF, Yang L, Ng HK, Wang SL, Wu BQ, Wang ZH, Chew-Cheng SB, Chew EC. Expression of nm23-H1 in human meningioma cells. Anticancer Res 1997; 17:3569-73. [PMID: 9413204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The expression of nm23-H1 has been demonstrated to be highly correlated with the metastatic potential of various tumors. In the present investigation, meningiomas of different pathological grades were used to study on their nm23-H1 expression. Immunohistochemistry showed that nm23-H1 was expressed mainly in the cytoplasm especially in the perinuclear region in explants under short-term culture. Western-blotting demonstrated the specific expression of nm23 protein in all tumor samples. The expression was also found to be sex-dependent on tumor progression in female, but not in male patients. RT-PCR results confirmed nm23-H1 expression was higher in benign tumors than in their normal counterpart. Our observations thus suggest that nm23-H1 may play an important role in the progression of meningiomas in female patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Chinese University of Hong Kong, NT, Hong Kong
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Abstract
Tetrodotoxin was oxidized to a hydrated aldehyde, 11-oxo-tetrodotoxin, which shares the specificity of tetrodotoxin for the Na+ channel of the isolated voltage-clamped frog skeletal muscle fiber, but is four to five times more potent. It binds to the solubilized Na+ channel of eel electroplax with a similarly higher potency, because of an equilibrium dissociation constant about 0.25, and a dissociation rate constant 2.4 times slower than those for tetrodotoxin. 11-Oxo-tetrodotoxin can be reduced to regenerate a tetrodotoxin, which is chemically and biologically indistinguishable from the original tetrodotoxin. By reducing with tritiated sodium borohydride, a 3H marker can be inserted regiospecifically to yield 11-[3H]-tetrodotoxin. Because it has a defined specific activity of > 2.5 Ci/mmole, and a 3H marker which does not exchange with solvent proton, 11-[3H]-tetrodotoxin is an ideal tracer for tetrodotoxin. It may enable studies of problems which require higher signals and/or better stability of the marker than those obtainable from currently available tracer Na(+)-channel ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Q Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn 11203-2098, USA
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Chew EC, Wu S, Yam HF, Yang L, Cheng-Chew SB, Zheng J, Wu BQ. Microwave-enhanced immunohistochemical staining of a formalin-sensitive antigen-laminin receptor. Anticancer Res 1996; 16:353-7. [PMID: 8615635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Many potentially useful antigens have been difficult to detect in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. Recently a number of pathological and research laboratories have demonstrated that some antigens masked by formalin fixation could be restored to detectability by microwave heating. Previously, we were unable to demonstrate laminin receptor in cells processed by the routine fixation. Our results showed that microwave heating together with trypsin produced the best immunohistochemical staining for this receptor. Nevertheless, no significance was found in the levels of 67 kD LR in high and low metastatic tumor cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Chew
- Department of Anatomy, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T
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Zhang HL, Wu BQ, Zhang WG. [The expression of 67-KD laminin receptor (LN-R) gene in PG tumor cells with high metastatic potential]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 1994; 16:403-6. [PMID: 7720491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The expression level of 67-KD LN-R mRNA was observed in high-metastatic PG tumor cells and low-metastatic PAa tumor cells based on the cDNA fragments of 67-KD LN-R amplified by PCR technique and the specific cDNA probe prepared by random primer labeling method. Results showed that the transcripts were homologous in size, about 1.7kb, in PG and PAa tumor cells. The 67-KD LN-R mRNA level was higher in PG than that in PAa tumor cells, and gene amplification was also more marked in PG tumor cells. After treated with 67-KD LN-R monoclonioal antibody (50, 100 and 400 micrograms/ml) for 48 hours, LN-R mRNA of PG tumor cells decreased significantly. It is suggested that 67-KD LN-R may play important roles in metastatic processes of PG tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Medical University
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Zhou KX, Wu BQ, Zheng J. [Effects of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) cDNA transfection on biological behaviors of PG cells]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 1994; 74:402-5, 454. [PMID: 7987710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A recombinant plasmid, which contains a full length cDNA of human tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1), was constructed by using gene recombinant technique, and introduced into a highly metastatic human giant cell carcinoma (PG) by lipofectin technique. Two of the transfectants, PG-T2 and PG-T4, were studied thoroughly. Northern blot showed an increased level of TIMP-1 mRNA in PG-T2 and PG-T4, compared with PG and PG-MV1 (vector-transfected control). The two transfectants also exhibited higher TIMP-1 protein activities. Moreover, they showed significant reduction in their proliferation rate and invasive abilities. The abilities of forming colonies in soft agar and tumorigenecity in athymic nude mice were abrogated in PG-T2 and PG-T4. The preliminary results suggest that a specific upregulation of TIMP-1 expression in metastatic cells could not only suppress their invasive and metastatic phenotype, but also inhibit their proliferation and tumorigenecity.
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Affiliation(s)
- K X Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Medical University
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41
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Wu BQ, Ding L. [Biotechnology and progress of pathology]. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 1993; 22:325-6. [PMID: 8033274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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42
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Zhang B, Wu BQ. [New methods for the detection of gene mutation]. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 1993; 22:370-2. [PMID: 8033282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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43
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Wu BQ. [Advances in pathology]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 1993; 73:744-5. [PMID: 8143189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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44
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Fang WG, Wu BQ. Differential growth regulation of a metastatic human lung carcinoma cell line through activation of phosphatidyl inositol turnover signal transduction pathway. Clin Exp Metastasis 1993; 11:330-6. [PMID: 8319379 DOI: 10.1007/bf00058053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Until recently, the signal transduction pathways involved in the processes of tumor growth have been poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated cell surface receptors which utilize phosphatidylinositol (Pl) turnover/Ca2+ mobilization as a signal transduction pathway to regulate cell growth in a metastatic human lung carcinoma cell line, PG. We found that purinoceptor agonists, including ATP and its analogs, and bombesin, an amphibian tetradeca-peptide of mammalian homology gastrin-releasing peptide, induced rapid transient increase of cytoplasmic-free Ca2+ in PG cells loaded with fura-2. The Ca2+ responses were derived both from release from internal stores and the opening of plasma membrane Ca2+ channels. HPLC analysis of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (Ins(1,4,5)P3) and its isomers showed a receptor-linked phospholipase C activation by ATP and bombesin. Although ATP and bombesin were both able to induce Pl turnover and Ca2+ mobilization in PG cells, they had differential growth regulatory effects on PG cells. Treatment with bombesin stimulated PG cell growth while treatment with ATP inhibited significantly PG cell growth. Pharmacological studies showed that the purinoceptors on PG cells were of the P2 subtype. Other hydrolysis-resistant P2 purinoceptor agonists, including ATP gamma S and AMP-PNP, were as effective as ATP in stimulating Pl turnover and Ca2+ mobilization as well as in inhibiting PG cell growth in vitro, suggesting the potential usefulness of such ATP analogs in clinical trials. Preliminary results suggest G protein involvement in the differential regulation of ATP and bombesin signal transduction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- W G Fang
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Medical University, China
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Fang WG, Wu BQ. [Signal transduction study on the growth regulation of cells from human giant cell lung carcinoma in vitro]. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 1993; 22:107-10. [PMID: 8403096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The signal transduction involved in growth regulation of cells originally from a human giant cell lung carcinoma(PG) was investigated. The purinergic receptor agonists, ATP and its analogues, as well as bombesin all played a significant growth regulatory role on PG cells. ATP showed a growth inhibitory effect while bombesin showed a growth stimulatory effect on PG cells in vitro. Further investigation showed that ATP and bombesin activated phosphatidylinositol turnover/calcium mobilization signal transduction pathways in PG cells. and increased production of inositol-(1,4,5) trisphosphate and mobilization of intracellular free calcium, in which ATP and bombesin effects were dose-dependent. The purinergic receptor on PG cells was characterized by P2y subtype according to the order of PG cell responses to a series of ATP analogues. Pretreatment with cholera toxin showed different effects on the functions of ATP and bombesin, suggesting that the major difference between ATP and bombesin on signal transduction pathways may be at the G protein level.
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Affiliation(s)
- W G Fang
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Medical University
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46
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Wu BQ. Patterns of spatial dispersion, locomotion and foraging behaviour in three groups of the Yunnan snub-nosed langur (Rhinopithecus bieti). Folia Primatol (Basel) 1993; 60:63-71. [PMID: 8335295 DOI: 10.1159/000156676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Aspects of the behaviour of three groups of Yunnan snub-nosed langurs, Rhinopithecus bieti, were observed over the course of three field seasons from 1986 to 1988. The major findings of the study were: (1) The habitats of R. bieti were mainly at heights of 3,600-4,150 m above sea level. (2) Groups were very large, with group sizes ranging from more than 100 to 269 individuals. (3) Spatial dispersion densities ranged from about 27 to 106 m2/individual during sleeping and resting, to feeding dispersions as large as 5,000-15,000 m2. (4) The locomotor repertoire of R. bieti consisted largely of walking, jumping and climbing. On very rare occasions, semibrachiation was observed, but true brachiation was never observed. The locomotor repertoires of juveniles were more diverse than those of subadults or adults. (5) Communication consisted mainly of eye-to-eye contact accompanied by murmurs; while loud calls were heard only rarely. (6) Groups moved between sleeping and feeding sites in single file. It is concluded that R. bieti is a mainly terrestrial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Q Wu
- Department of Primatology, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Wu BQ. [Cerebral infarction in 141 cases treated by traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine]. Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi 1989; 9:656-7, 644. [PMID: 2482138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Acute cerebral infarction of 141 cases with treatment combining TCM and WM was reported. The significant effective rate and the effective rate were 65% and 84% in the LT group (low molecular dextran + TCM) respectively; in the LN group (low molecular dextran + Nicotinic acid) were 29% and 41% respectively; in the T group (Salvia miltiorrhiza + Astragalus + Puraria) were 40% and 81.8% respectively. Among them the therapeutic effect in the LT group was the best. The LT group was also superior to the other two groups in serious cases. Cerebral edema developed following cerebrovascular dilator in a week after cerebral infarction; in the early stage, the therapeutic effect could be improved by giving mannitol first and then cerebrovascular dilator. Heart failure could be easily induced by low molecular dextran in the cerebral infarction following rheumatic heart disease. The therapeutic effect was poor in those cases with recurrent cerebral infarction.
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Wu BQ, Fang WG, Zheng J, Sun YK, Wang JL, Zhao XS, Yang JS, Lu CP, Sun J, Xu QM. [In vivo metastasis of human tumor transplant in T and NK cell immune-deficient mice]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 1988; 10:1-3. [PMID: 3262047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Beige-nude mice with combined T and NK cell deficiency were produced by introducing "nu" gene into the beige mice of C57BL/6 background. The beige-nude mice were characterized by morphological features, level and activity of the NK cell in spleen and peripheral blood. NK cell level of the beige-nude mice was higher than the beige mice and similar to the ordinary nude mice though its NK cell activity was markedly lower than the nude mice. Human lung adenocarcinoma (PAa) was transplanted subcutaneously to the beige-nude mice and nude mice of BALB/cA background. No metastasis was found in BALB/cA nude mice (0/7), while in beige-nude mice, spontaneous lymph node metastasis rate was 36.3% (4/11). It should be noted that the transplanted PAa metastasized to lungs, which had never been seen in BALB/cA nude mice in previous experiments. The increase of metastatic rate is correlated with the relative low NK cell activity of the beige-nude mice. Our observation is that the beige-nude mice could be a suitable experimental model for in vivo study on metastatic behavior of the human tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Q Wu
- Beijing Medical University
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Wu BQ. [Analysis of ocular fundus changes in post-hemorrhagic anemic patients]. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 1986; 22:346-8. [PMID: 3100252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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50
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Wu BQ. [Establishment of highly metastatic human tumor cell line in nude mice]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 1985; 7:324-8. [PMID: 3004853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A total of 22 adult nude mice (7 approximately 17 weeks old) of BALB/cA origin were inoculated subcutaneously (SC) with human tumor cell lines derived from rhabdomyosarcoma and lung carcinomas, including squamous cell carcinoma, bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, giant cell carcinoma and 2 types of adenocarcinoma. 12 neoplasms (54.5%) was confirmed at the initial transplantation and 7 serially transplantable tumors were established in 201 nude mice. Metastatic behavior of 7 human tumor cell lines grown in nude mice was judged histologically after sacrifice and SC transplanted tumors could either be highly metastatic (giant cell carcinoma), moderately metastatic (adenocarcinoma PAb), poorly metastatic (squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma PAa) or non-metastatic (small cell carcinoma and bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma). The tumor from SC inoculated giant cell carcinoma (PG) could produce regional and/or distant lymph node metastases (12/12) and lung metastases (9/12) in BALB/cA nude mice maintained under semi-barrier system conditions. Six NIH nude mice developed metastatic tumor nodules both in the lymph node and lung (6/6) under the same condition. The highly metastasizing property of PG transplanted tumors remained after passage for as many as 18 times. The limitations of nude mice as an in vivo model for the study of tumor biology are discussed, eg. malignant neoplasms rarely metastasize when transplanted into nude mice. The use of such model (PG) could lead to a better understanding of the biology of metastasis, thus contributing to the development of new approaches to the therapy of metastasis.
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