1
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Li N, Li YJ, Guo XJ, Wu SH, Jiang WF, Zhang DL, Wang KW, Li L, Sun YM, Xu YJ, Yang YQ, Qiu XB. Discovery of TBX20 as a Novel Gene Underlying Atrial Fibrillation. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1186. [PMID: 37759586 PMCID: PMC10525918 DOI: 10.3390/biology12091186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most prevalent type of sustained cardiac dysrhythmia globally, confers strikingly enhanced risks for cognitive dysfunction, stroke, chronic cardiac failure, and sudden cardiovascular demise. Aggregating studies underscore the crucial roles of inherited determinants in the occurrence and perpetuation of AF. However, due to conspicuous genetic heterogeneity, the inherited defects accounting for AF remain largely indefinite. Here, via whole-genome genotyping with genetic markers and a linkage assay in a family suffering from AF, a new AF-causative locus was located at human chromosome 7p14.2-p14.3, a ~4.89 cM (~4.43-Mb) interval between the markers D7S526 and D7S2250. An exome-wide sequencing assay unveiled that, at the defined locus, the mutation in the TBX20 gene, NM_001077653.2: c.695A>G; p.(His232Arg), was solely co-segregated with AF in the family. Additionally, a Sanger sequencing assay of TBX20 in another family suffering from AF uncovered a novel mutation, NM_001077653.2: c.862G>C; p.(Asp288His). Neither of the two mutations were observed in 600 unrelated control individuals. Functional investigations demonstrated that the two mutations both significantly reduced the transactivation of the target gene KCNH2 (a well-established AF-causing gene) and the ability to bind the promoter of KCNH2, while they had no effect on the nuclear distribution of TBX20. Conclusively, these findings reveal a new AF-causative locus at human chromosome 7p14.2-p14.3 and strongly indicate TBX20 as a novel AF-predisposing gene, shedding light on the mechanism underlying AF and suggesting clinical significance for the allele-specific treatment of AF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Department of Cardiology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China;
| | - Yan-Jie Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China; (Y.-J.L.); (S.-H.W.); (W.-F.J.)
| | - Xiao-Juan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China; (X.-J.G.); (Y.-J.X.)
- Center for Complex Cardiac Arrhythmias of Minhang District, Shanghai Fifth People′s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shao-Hui Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China; (Y.-J.L.); (S.-H.W.); (W.-F.J.)
| | - Wei-Feng Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China; (Y.-J.L.); (S.-H.W.); (W.-F.J.)
| | - Dao-Liang Zhang
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen 518057, China;
| | - Kun-Wei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China;
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education of China, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China;
| | - Yu-Min Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Jing’an District Central Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China;
| | - Ying-Jia Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China; (X.-J.G.); (Y.-J.X.)
- Center for Complex Cardiac Arrhythmias of Minhang District, Shanghai Fifth People′s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yi-Qing Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China; (X.-J.G.); (Y.-J.X.)
- Center for Complex Cardiac Arrhythmias of Minhang District, Shanghai Fifth People′s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xing-Biao Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China; (Y.-J.L.); (S.-H.W.); (W.-F.J.)
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2
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Das S, Mondal A, Dey C, Chakraborty S, Bhowmik R, Karmakar S, Sengupta A. ER stress induces upregulation of transcription factor Tbx20 and downstream Bmp2 signaling to promote cardiomyocyte survival. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:103031. [PMID: 36805334 PMCID: PMC10036653 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.103031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In the mammalian heart, fetal cardiomyocytes proliferate prior to birth; however, they exit the cell cycle shortly after birth. Recent studies show that adult cardiomyocytes re-enters the cell cycle postinjury to promote cardiac regeneration. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) orchestrates the production and assembly of different types of proteins, and a disruption in this machinery leads to the generation of ER stress, which activates the unfolded protein response. There is a very fine balance between ER stress-mediated protective and proapoptotic responses. T-box transcription factor 20 (Tbx20) promotes embryonic and adult cardiomyocyte proliferation postinjury to restore cardiac homeostasis. However, the function and regulatory interactions of Tbx20 in ER stress-induced cardiomyopathy have not yet been reported. We show here that ER stress upregulates Tbx20, which activates downstream bone morphogenetic protein 2 (Bmp2)-pSmad1/5/8 signaling to induce cardiomyocyte proliferation and limit apoptosis. However, augmenting ER stress reverses this protective response. We also show that increased expression of tbx20 during ER stress is mediated by the activating transcription factor 6 arm of the unfolded protein response. Cardiomyocyte-specific loss of Tbx20 results in decreased cardiomyocyte proliferation and increased apoptosis. Administration of recombinant Bmp2 protein during ER stress upregulates Tbx20 leading to augmented proliferation, indicating a feed-forward loop mechanism. In in vivo ER stress, as well as in diabetic cardiomyopathy, the activity of Tbx20 is increased with concomitant increased cardiomyocyte proliferation and decreased apoptosis. These data support a critical role of Tbx20-Bmp2 signaling in promoting cardiomyocyte survival during ER stress-induced cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Das
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Arunima Mondal
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Chandrani Dey
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Rudranil Bhowmik
- Bioequivalence Study Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Sanmoy Karmakar
- Bioequivalence Study Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Arunima Sengupta
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India.
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3
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Gao X, Yan B. The mechanism and diagnostic value of Tbx20 in cardiovascular diseases. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Exonic and Promoter Regions of Transcription Factors of Second Heart Field Associated with Sporadic Congenital Cardiac Anomalies. Balkan J Med Genet 2022; 24:39-47. [PMID: 36249516 PMCID: PMC9524169 DOI: 10.2478/bjmg-2021-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple second heart field (SHF) transcription factors are involved in cardiac development. In this article we evaluate the relationship between SHF transcription factor polymorphisms and congenital heart disease (CHD). Ten polymorphisms were used for genotyping, and three of these were used for the luciferase assay. The risk of CHD was increased 4.31 times and 1.54 times in the C allele of GATA5: rs6061243 G>C and G allele of TBX20: rs336283 A>G, respectively. The minor alleles of SMYD1: rs1542088 T>G, MEF2C: rs80043958 A>G and GATA5: rs6587239 T>C increased the risk of the simple types of CHD. The minor alleles of GATA5: rs41305803 G>A and MEF2C: rs304154 A>G increased the risk of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). The minor alleles of TBX20: rs336284 A>G and SMYD1: rs88387557 T>G only increased the risk of a single ventricle (SV). Luciferase assays revealed that the minor alleles of rs304154 and rs336284 decreased the transcriptional levels of MEF2C and TBX20, respectively (p<0.01). When combined with HLTF, the G promoter showed a higher expression level than the A promoter in rs80043958 (p<0.01). Our findings suggest that minor alleles of SNPs in the exonic and promoter regions of transcription factors in the SHF can increase the risks of sporadic CHD.
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Wu Y, Zhou Y, Huang J, Ma K, Yuan T, Jiang Y, Ye M, Li J. The Role of Sorting Nexin 17 in Cardiac Development. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:748891. [PMID: 34988124 PMCID: PMC8720881 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.748891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorting nexin 17 (SNX17), a member of sorting nexin (SNX) family, acts as a modulator for endocytic recycling of membrane proteins. Results from our previous study demonstrated the embryonic lethality of homozygous defect of SNX17. In this study, we investigated the role of SNX17 in rat fetal development. Specifically, we analyzed patterns of SNX17 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in multiple rat tissues and found high expression in the cardiac outflow tract (OFT). This expression was gradually elevated during the cardiac OFT morphogenesis. Homozygous deletion of the SNX17 gene in rats resulted in mid-gestational embryonic lethality, which was accompanied by congenital heart defects, including the double-outlet right ventricle and atrioventricular and ventricular septal defects, whereas heterozygotes exhibited normal fetal development. Moreover, we found normal migration distance and the number of cardiac neural crest cells during the OFT morphogenesis. Although cellular proliferation in the cardiac OFT endocardial cushion was not affected, cellular apoptosis was significantly suppressed. Transcriptomic profiles and quantitative real-time PCR data in the cardiac OFT showed that SNX17 deletion resulted in abnormal expression of genes associated with cardiac development. Overall, these findings suggest that SNX17 plays a crucial role in cardiac development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Wu
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaqun Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Ma
- Department of Endovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tianyou Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Department of Echocardiography, Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Maoqing Ye
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Construction of a Porcine Skeletal Muscle-Specific Promoter by Inducing the Seed Region of miR-208a. Mol Biotechnol 2021; 64:473-481. [PMID: 34822105 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-021-00428-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Transgenic promoter systems are of great interest for their potential use in gene therapy or production due to their high activity, long term, and cell specificity. Here, in order to obtain promoters with high activity and expressed specifically in skeletal muscle, the MYOD1, MYF5, and MCK were selected as the candidate genes. The truncated promoters were amplified and their activity was verified through dual-luciferase reporter gene test. We used genetic engineering techniques to improve promoter activity by tandemly linking enhancers and promoters or two promoters. Furthermore, synthetic promoter was the most active when two eMCK enhancers and pMCK promoter were cascaded. To improve the tissue specificity of the promoter, the seed region of translational repressor miR-208a was inserted into the downstream of the promoter (pGL3-2eMCK-pMCK-T208-mCherry-EGFP). The results showed that the expression level of target genes decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in myocardium rather than in skeletal muscle. The results of in vivo transfection indicated that tandem transcriptional regulatory elements can increase promoter activity in mice. This work laid the foundation for future research on genetically modified pigs.
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7
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Baban A, Lodato V, Parlapiano G, Drago F. Genetics in Congenital Heart Diseases: Unraveling the Link Between Cardiac Morphogenesis, Heart Muscle Disease, and Electrical Disorders. Heart Fail Clin 2021; 18:139-153. [PMID: 34776075 DOI: 10.1016/j.hfc.2021.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The genetic background of congenital heart diseases (CHDs) is extremely complex, heterogenous, and still majorly to be determined. CHDs can be sporadic or familial. In this article we discuss in detail the phenotypic spectrum of selected genes including MYH7, GATA4, NKX2-5, TBX5, and TBX20. Our goal is to offer the clinician a general overview of the clinical spectrum of the analyzed topics that are traditionally known as causative for CHDs but we underline in this review the possible progressive functional (cardiomyopathy) and electric aspects (arrhythmias) caused by the genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwar Baban
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital and Research Institute, IRCCS, Piazza Sant'Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy.
| | - Valentina Lodato
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital and Research Institute, IRCCS, Piazza Sant'Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Parlapiano
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital and Research Institute, IRCCS, Piazza Sant'Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Drago
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital and Research Institute, IRCCS, Piazza Sant'Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
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8
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Chen Y, Xiao D, Zhang L, Cai CL, Li BY, Liu Y. The Role of Tbx20 in Cardiovascular Development and Function. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:638542. [PMID: 33585493 PMCID: PMC7876368 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.638542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tbx20 is a member of the Tbx1 subfamily of T-box-containing genes and is known to play a variety of fundamental roles in cardiovascular development and homeostasis as well as cardiac remodeling in response to pathophysiological stresses. Mutations in TBX20 are widely associated with the complex spectrum of congenital heart defects (CHDs) in humans, which includes defects in chamber septation, chamber growth, and valvulogenesis. In addition, genetic variants of TBX20 have been found to be associated with dilated cardiomyopathy and heart arrhythmia. This broad spectrum of cardiac morphogenetic and functional defects is likely due to its broad expression pattern in multiple cardiogenic cell lineages and its critical regulation of transcriptional networks during cardiac development. In this review, we summarize recent findings in our general understanding of the role of Tbx20 in regulating several important aspects of cardiac development and homeostasis and heart function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Cardiovascular Developmental Biology Program, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Deyong Xiao
- Cardiovascular Developmental Biology Program, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Lu Zhang
- Cardiovascular Developmental Biology Program, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Chen-Leng Cai
- Cardiovascular Developmental Biology Program, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Bai-Yan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Cardiovascular Developmental Biology Program, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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Pierpont ME, Brueckner M, Chung WK, Garg V, Lacro RV, McGuire AL, Mital S, Priest JR, Pu WT, Roberts A, Ware SM, Gelb BD, Russell MW. Genetic Basis for Congenital Heart Disease: Revisited: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2019; 138:e653-e711. [PMID: 30571578 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This review provides an updated summary of the state of our knowledge of the genetic contributions to the pathogenesis of congenital heart disease. Since 2007, when the initial American Heart Association scientific statement on the genetic basis of congenital heart disease was published, new genomic techniques have become widely available that have dramatically changed our understanding of the causes of congenital heart disease and, clinically, have allowed more accurate definition of the pathogeneses of congenital heart disease in patients of all ages and even prenatally. Information is presented on new molecular testing techniques and their application to congenital heart disease, both isolated and associated with other congenital anomalies or syndromes. Recent advances in the understanding of copy number variants, syndromes, RASopathies, and heterotaxy/ciliopathies are provided. Insights into new research with congenital heart disease models, including genetically manipulated animals such as mice, chicks, and zebrafish, as well as human induced pluripotent stem cell-based approaches are provided to allow an understanding of how future research breakthroughs for congenital heart disease are likely to happen. It is anticipated that this review will provide a large range of health care-related personnel, including pediatric cardiologists, pediatricians, adult cardiologists, thoracic surgeons, obstetricians, geneticists, genetic counselors, and other related clinicians, timely information on the genetic aspects of congenital heart disease. The objective is to provide a comprehensive basis for interdisciplinary care for those with congenital heart disease.
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Gong J, Sheng W, Ma D, Huang G, Liu F. DNA methylation status of TBX20 in patients with tetralogy of Fallot. BMC Med Genomics 2019; 12:75. [PMID: 31138201 PMCID: PMC6540552 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-019-0534-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background TBX20 plays an important role in heart development; however, its epigenetic regulation in the pathogenesis of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) remains unclear. Methods The methylation levels of the TBX20 promoter region in the right ventricular myocardial tissues of TOF and control samples were measured by the Sequenom MassARRAY platform. Bisulphite-sequencing PCR (BSP) was used to confirm the TBX20 methylation of CpG sites in cells. Dual-luciferase reporter assays were performed to detect the influence of TBX20 methylation and Sp1 transcription factors on gene activity. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) was used to explore the binding of the Sp1 transcription factor to the TBX20 promoter. Results TOF cases had a significantly lower TBX20_M1 methylation level than controls (median methylation: 20.40% vs. 38.73%; p = 0.0047). The Sp1 transcription factor, which binds to Sp1 binding sites in the TBX20_M1 region and promotes TBX20 gene activity, was blocked by the methylation of Sp1 binding sites in normal controls. With decreasing methylation in the TOF cases, the Sp1 transcription factor can bind to its binding site within the TBX20 promoter M1 region and promote TBX20 gene expression. Conclusions Hypomethylation of the TBX20 promoter region was observed in the TOF cases, and the high expression of the TBX20 gene may be caused by activated Sp1 transcription factor binding because of the decreasing methylation at the Sp1 transcription factor binding sites within TBX20_M1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Gong
- Children Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Wei Sheng
- Children Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Duan Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Guoying Huang
- Children Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, 201102, China.
| | - Fang Liu
- Children Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, 201102, China.
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Copy number variation analysis in bicuspid aortic valve-related aortopathy identifies TBX20 as a contributing gene. Eur J Hum Genet 2019; 27:1033-1043. [PMID: 30820038 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-019-0364-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common congenital heart defect (CHD), affecting 1-2% of the population. BAV is associated with thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs). Deleterious copy number variations (CNVs) were found previously in up to 10% of CHD cases. This study aimed at unravelling the contribution of deleterious deletions or duplications in 95 unrelated BAV/TAA patients. Seven unique or rare CNVs were validated, harbouring protein-coding genes with a role in the cardiovascular system. Based on the presence of overlapping CNVs in patients with cardiovascular phenotypes in the DECIPHER database, the identification of similar CNVs in whole-exome sequencing data of 67 BAV/TAA patients and suggested topological domain involvement from Hi-C data, supportive evidence was obtained for two genes (DGCR6 and TBX20) of the seven initially validated CNVs. A rare variant burden analysis using next-generation sequencing data from 637 BAV/TAA patients was performed for these two candidate genes. This revealed a suggestive genetic role for TBX20 in BAV/TAA aetiology, further reinforced by segregation of a rare TBX20 variant with the phenotype within a BAV/TAA family. To conclude, our results do not confirm a significant contribution for deleterious CNVs in BAV/TAA as only one potentially pathogenic CNV (1.05%) was identified. We cannot exclude the possibility that BAV/TAA is occasionally attributed to causal CNVs though, or that certain CNVs act as genetic risk factors by creating a sensitised background for BAV/TAA. Finally, accumulative evidence for TBX20 involvement in BAV/TAA aetiology underlines the importance of this transcription factor in cardiovascular disease.
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Zhang M, Li FX, Liu XY, Hou JY, Ni SH, Wang J, Zhao CM, Zhang W, Kong Y, Huang RT, Xue S, Yang YQ. TBX1 loss-of-function mutation contributes to congenital conotruncal defects. Exp Ther Med 2017; 15:447-453. [PMID: 29250159 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Conotruncal defects (CTDs) account for ~30% of all types of congenital heart disease and contribute to increased morbidity and mortality rates. Increasing evidence suggests that genetic risk factors are involved in the pathogenesis of CTDs. Mutations in a number of genes, including the TBX1 gene that codes for a T-box transcription factor essential for normal cardiovascular development, may contribute to the development of CTD. CTDs are genetically heterogeneous and the genetic defects responsible for CTDs in the majority of patients remain unknown. The present study sequenced the coding regions and splicing junction boundaries of TBX1 in 136 patients with CTDs and 300 matched healthy individuals. The disease-causing potential of the identified TBX1 sequence variation was evaluated using MutationTaster, PolyPhen-2, SIFT and PROVEN software. The functional characteristics of the mutant TBX1 gene were defined using a dual-luciferase reporter assay system. A novel heterozygous TBX1 mutation, p.S233Y, was identified in a patient with transposition of the great arteries (TGA) and a ventricular septal defect. This mutation was absent in the 300 controls and altered the amino acid produced, serine, which is evolutionarily conserved across several species, and was predicted to be pathogenic in silico. Luciferase assays conducted in COS-7 cells demonstrated that the newly identified TBX1 mutation was associated with significantly diminished transcriptional activation of the ANF promoter compared with the wild-type TBX1. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to associate a TBX1 loss-of-function mutation with enhanced susceptibility to TGA, which adds significant insight to the molecular mechanism of TGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Fu-Xing Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Yuan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Yi Hou
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Hong Ni
- Department of Pediatrics, Baoshan Branch of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200431, P.R. China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Cui-Mei Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Ye Kong
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Ri-Tai Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Song Xue
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Qing Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
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Xu JH, Gu JY, Guo YH, Zhang H, Qiu XB, Li RG, Shi HY, Liu H, Yang XX, Xu YJ, Qu XK, Yang YQ. Prevalence and Spectrum of NKX2-5 Mutations Associated With Sporadic Adult-Onset Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Int Heart J 2017; 58:521-529. [PMID: 28690296 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.16-440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), the most common form of primary myocardial disease, is a leading cause of congestive heart failure and the most common indication for heart transplantation. Recently, NKX2-5 mutations have been involved in the pathogenesis of familial DCM. However, the prevalence and spectrum of NKX2-5 mutations associated with sporadic DCM remain to be evaluated. In this study, the coding regions and flanking introns of the NKX2-5 gene, which encodes a cardiac transcription factor pivotal for cardiac development and structural remodeling, were sequenced in 210 unrelated patients with sporadic adult-onset DCM. A total of 300 unrelated healthy individuals used as controls were also genotyped for NKX2-5. The functional effect of the mutant NKX2-5 was investigated using a dual-luciferase reporter assay system. As a result, two novel heterozygous NKX2-5 mutations, p.R139W and p.E167X, were identified in 2 unrelated patients with sporadic adult-onset DCM, with a mutational prevalence of approximately 0.95%. The mutations were absent in 600 referential chromosomes and the altered amino acids were completely conserved evolutionarily across species. Functional assays revealed that the NKX2-5 mutants were associated with significantly reduced transcriptional activity. Furthermore, the mutations abrogated the synergistic activation between NKX2-5 and GATA4 as well as TBX20, two other cardiac key transcription factors that have been causally linked to adult-onset DCM. This study is the first to associate NKX2-5 loss-of-function mutations with enhanced susceptibility to sporadic DCM, which provides novel insight into the molecular etiology underpinning DCM, and suggests the potential implications for the genetic counseling and personalized treatment of the DCM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hong Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine
| | - Jian-Yun Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine
| | - Yu-Han Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine
| | - Xing-Biao Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - Ruo-Gu Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - Hong-Yu Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - Xiao-Xiao Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - Ying-Jia Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - Xin-Kai Qu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - Yi-Qing Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University.,Department of Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University.,Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
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14
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Zhang M, Li FX, Liu XY, Huang RT, Xue S, Yang XX, Li YJ, Liu H, Shi HY, Pan X, Qiu XB, Yang YQ. MESP1 loss-of-function mutation contributes to double outlet right ventricle. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:2747-2754. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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15
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Guo C, Wang Q, Wang Y, Yang L, Luo H, Cao XF, An L, Qiu Y, Du M, Ma X, Li H, Lu C. Exome sequencing reveals novel IRXI mutation in congenital heart disease. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:3193-3197. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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16
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Huang RT, Wang J, Xue S, Qiu XB, Shi HY, Li RG, Qu XK, Yang XX, Liu H, Li N, Li YJ, Xu YJ, Yang YQ. TBX20 loss-of-function mutation responsible for familial tetralogy of Fallot or sporadic persistent truncus arteriosus. Int J Med Sci 2017; 14:323-332. [PMID: 28553164 PMCID: PMC5436474 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.17834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD), the most common form of developmental abnormality in humans, remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates. Genetic defects have been recognized as the predominant causes of CHD. Nevertheless, CHD is of substantial genetic heterogeneity and the genetic defects underlying CHD in most cases remain unclear. In the current study, the coding regions and splicing junction sites of the TBX20 gene, which encodes a T-box transcription factor key to cardiovascular morphogenesis, were sequenced in 175 unrelated patients with CHD, and a novel heterozygous TBX20 mutation, p.K274X, was identified in an index patient with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). Genetic analysis of the proband's available family members showed that his father, elder brother and son had also TOF. In addition, his father and elder brother had also atrial septal defect, and his niece had persistent truncus arteriosus and ventricular septal defect. Analysis of the pedigree revealed that the mutation co-segregated with CHD transmitted in an autosomal dominant fashion, with complete penetrance. The nonsense mutation, which was absent in the 800 control chromosomes, was predicted to produce a truncated protein with only the amino terminus and partial T-box domain left. Functional analyses by using a dual-luciferase reporter assay system showed that the mutant TBX20 lost the ability to transactivate the target gene ANF. Furthermore, the mutation reduced the synergistic activation between TBX20 and NKX2.5 as well as GATA4, two other transcriptional factors previously associated with various CHD, encompassing TOF. This study firstly links TBX20 loss-of-function mutation to familial TOF or sporadic persistent truncus arteriosus, providing novel insight into the molecular pathogenesis of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ri-Tai Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Song Xue
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Xing-Biao Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Hong-Yu Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Ruo-Gu Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xin-Kai Qu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yan-Jie Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Ying-Jia Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yi-Qing Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, China
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, China
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17
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Li YJ, Yang YQ. An update on the molecular diagnosis of congenital heart disease: focus on loss-of-function mutations. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2017; 17:393-401. [PMID: 28274167 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2017.1300062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Jie Li
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, and Central Laboratory, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Qing Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, and Central Laboratory, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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18
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Abstract
As the most prevalent form of birth defect in humans worldwide, congenital heart disease (CHD) is responsible for substantial morbidity and is still the leading cause of birth defect-related demises. Increasing evidence demonstrates that genetic defects play an important role in the pathogenesis of CHD, and mutations in multiple genes, especially in those coding for cardiac core transcription factors, have been causally linked to various CHDs. Nevertheless, CHD is a genetically heterogeneous disease and the genetic determinants underpinning CHD in an overwhelming majority of patients remain elusive. In the current study, genomic DNA was extracted from venous blood samples of 165 unrelated patients with CHD, and the coding exons and splicing junction sites of the HAND1 gene, which encodes a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor essential for cardiovascular development, were sequenced. As a result, a novel heterozygous mutation, p.R118C, was identified in a patient with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). The missense mutation, which was absent in 600 referential chromosomes, altered the amino acid that was completely conserved evolutionarily. Biological assays with a dual-luciferase reporter assay system revealed that the R118C-mutant HAND1 protein had significantly reduced transcriptional activity when compared with its wild-type counterpart. Furthermore, the mutation significantly decreased the synergistic activation of a downstream target gene between HAND1 and GATA4, another cardiac core transcription factor associated with TOF. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the association of a HAND1 loss-of-function mutation with enhanced susceptibility to TOF in humans. The findings provide novel insight into the molecular etiology underlying TOF, suggesting potential implications for the improved prophylactic and therapeutic strategies for TOF.
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19
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Xu YJ, Qiu XB, Yuan F, Shi HY, Xu L, Hou XM, Qu XK, Liu X, Huang RT, Xue S, Yang YQ, Li RG. Prevalence and spectrum of NKX2.5 mutations in patients with congenital atrial septal defect and atrioventricular block. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:2247-2254. [PMID: 28259982 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital atrial septal defect (ASD) and progressive atriventricular block (AVB) are the two most common phenotypes linked to NK2 homeobox 5 (NKX2.5) mutations in animals and humans. However, the prevalence and spectrum of NKX2.5 mutation in patients with ASD and AVB remain to be elucidated. In the present study, the coding exons and flanking introns of the NKX2.5 gene, which encodes a homeobox‑containing transcription factor essential for development of the heart, were sequenced in a cohort of 62 unrelated patients with ASD and AVB, and subsequently in a mutation carrier's available family members. As controls, 300 unrelated, ethnically‑matched healthy individuals were recruited, who were also genotyped for NKX2.5. The functional consequence of the mutant NKX2.5 was evaluated in contrast to its wild‑type counterpart using a dual‑luciferase reporter assay system. As a result, a novel heterozygous NKX2.5 mutation, p.Q181X, was identified in an index patient with ASD and AVB, with a prevalence of ~1.61%. Genetic analysis of the proband's pedigree revealed that the mutation co‑segregated with ASD and AVB with complete penetrance. The nonsense mutation, which eliminated partial homeobox and the carboxyl terminus, was absent in the 600 control chromosomes. Functional evaluation showed that the NKX2.5 mutant had no transcriptional activity. Furthermore, the mutation disrupted the synergistic activation between NKX2.5 and GATA binding protein 4, another cardiac core transcription factor associated with ASD. The results of the present study expand the spectrum of NKX2.5 mutations linked to ASD and AVB, and indicated that NKX2.5 loss‑of‑function mutations are an uncommon cause of ASD and AVB in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jia Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Biao Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Yu Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Xu-Min Hou
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Kai Qu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Ri-Tai Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Song Xue
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Qing Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Ruo-Gu Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
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20
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Li L, Wang J, Liu XY, Liu H, Shi HY, Yang XX, Li N, Li YJ, Huang RT, Xue S, Qiu XB, Yang YQ. HAND1 loss-of-function mutation contributes to congenital double outlet right ventricle. Int J Mol Med 2017; 39:711-718. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.2865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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21
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Lu F, Langenbacher A, Chen JN. Tbx20 drives cardiac progenitor formation and cardiomyocyte proliferation in zebrafish. Dev Biol 2016; 421:139-148. [PMID: 27940156 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Tbx20 is a T-box transcription factor that plays essential roles in the development and maintenance of the heart. Although it is expressed by cardiac progenitors in all species examined, an involvement of Tbx20 in cardiac progenitor formation in vertebrates has not been previously described. Here we report the identification of a zebrafish tbx20 mutation that results in an inactive, truncated protein lacking any functional domains. The cardiac progenitor population is strongly diminished in this mutant, leading to the formation of a small, stretched-out heart. We found that overexpression of Tbx20 results in an enlarged heart with significantly more cardiomyocytes. Interestingly, this increase in cell number is caused by both enhanced cardiac progenitor cell formation and the proliferation of differentiated cardiomyocytes, and is dependent upon the activity of Tbx20's T-box and transcription activation domains. Together, our findings highlight a previously unappreciated role for Tbx20 in promoting cardiac progenitor formation in vertebrates and reveal a novel function for its activation domain in cardiac cell proliferation during embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Lu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Adam Langenbacher
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Jau-Nian Chen
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, United States.
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22
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CASZ1 loss-of-function mutation associated with congenital heart disease. Gene 2016; 595:62-68. [PMID: 27693370 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
As the most common form of birth defect in humans, congenital heart disease (CHD) is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality in both children and adults. Increasing evidence demonstrates that genetic defects play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of CHD. However, CHD is of great heterogeneity, and in an overwhelming majority of cases, the genetic determinants underpinning CHD remain elusive. In the present investigation, the coding exons and flanking introns of the CASZ1 gene, which codes for a zinc finger transcription factor essential for the cardiovascular morphogenesis, were sequenced in 172 unrelated patients with CHD. As a result, a novel heterozygous CASZ1 mutation, p.L38P, was identified in an index patient with congenital ventricular septal defect (VSD). Genetic scanning of the mutation carrier's available family members revealed that the mutation was present in all affected patients but absent in unaffected individuals. Analysis of the proband's pedigree showed that the mutation co-segregated with VSD, which was transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait with complete penetrance. The missense mutation, which altered the amino acid that was highly conserved evolutionarily, was absent in 200 unrelated, ethnically-matched healthy subjects used as controls. Functional deciphers by using a dual-luciferase reporter assay system unveiled that the mutant CASZ1 had significantly reduced transcriptional activity as compared with its wild-type counterpart. To the best of our knowledge, the current study firstly identifies CASZ1 as a new gene predisposing to CHD in humans, which provides novel insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying CHD and a potential therapeutic target for CASZ1-associated CHD, suggesting potential implications for personalized prophylaxis and therapy of CHD.
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23
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Liu P, Sun Y, Qiu G, Jiang H, Qiu G. Silencing of TBX20 gene expression in rat myocardial and human embryonic kidney cells leads to cell cycle arrest in G2 phase. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:2904-14. [PMID: 27572266 PMCID: PMC5042752 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) are the most common birth defects due to abnormal cardiac development. The T-box 20 (TBX20) gene is a member of the T-box family of transcription factors and encodes TBX20, which is essential for early heart development. In the present study, reduced TBX20 expression was observed in CHD tissue samples compared with normal tissues, and the function of TBX20 in Rattus norvegicus myocardial cells [H9c2(2-1)] and human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293) was investigated. TBX20 was silenced in H9c2 and HEK293 cells via transfection of small interfering RNA and short hairpin RNA duplexes, respectively, and TBX20 mRNA and protein levels were subsequently examined using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blot analysis. Cell proliferation was assessed using a cell counting kit and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression was determined by western blotting. Analysis of cell apoptosis was achieved by annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide staining and a fluorometric terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling system. Cell cycle analysis was achieved using fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and, an RT-qPCR array was used to profile the expression of TBX20-related genes. Silencing of TBX20 in H9c2 and HEK293 cells significantly inhibited cell proliferation, induced cell apoptosis and led to G2/M cell cycle arrest. A reduction in cyclin B1 mRNA levels and an increase in cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B mRNA levels was observed, which indicated that cells were arrested in G2 phase. Concurrently, the mRNA levels of GATA binding protein 4 were increased in both cell lines, which may provide an explanation for the abnormal cardiac hypertrophy observed in patients with congenital heart disease. These results suggest that TBX20 is required for heart morphogenesis, and inhibition of TBX20 expression may lead to the suppression of cell proliferation and cell cycle arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyan Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Yueling Sun
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Guangbin Qiu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, 202 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Shenyang, Heping 110003, P.R. China
| | - Hongkun Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Heping 110001, P.R. China
| | - Guangrong Qiu
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
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24
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Zhou YM, Dai XY, Huang RT, Xue S, Xu YJ, Qiu XB, Yang YQ. A novel TBX20 loss-of-function mutation contributes to adult-onset dilated cardiomyopathy or congenital atrial septal defect. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:3307-14. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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25
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Abstract
T-box (Tbx) genes encode an ancient group of transcription factors that play important roles in patterning, specification, proliferation, and differentiation programs in vertebrate organogenesis. This is testified by severe organ malformation syndromes in mice homozygous for engineered null alleles of specific T-box genes and by the large number of human inherited organ-specific diseases that have been linked to mutations in these genes. One of the organ systems that has not been associated with loss of specific T-box gene function in human disease for long is the excretory system. However, this has changed with the finding that mutations in TBX18, a member of a vertebrate-specific subgroup within the Tbx1-subfamily of T-box transcription factor genes, cause congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract, predominantly hydroureter and ureteropelvic junction obstruction. Gene expression analyses, loss-of-function studies, and lineage tracing in the mouse suggest a primary role for this transcription factor in specifying the ureteric mesenchyme in the common anlage of the kidney, the ureter, and the bladder. We review the function of Tbx18 in ureterogenesis and discuss the body of evidence that Tbx18 and other members of the T-box gene family, namely, Tbx1, Tbx2, Tbx3, and Tbx20, play additional roles in development and homeostasis of other components of the excretory system in vertebrates.
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Boogerd CJ, Aneas I, Sakabe N, Dirschinger RJ, Cheng QJ, Zhou B, Chen J, Nobrega MA, Evans SM. Probing chromatin landscape reveals roles of endocardial TBX20 in septation. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:3023-35. [PMID: 27348591 DOI: 10.1172/jci85350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the T-box transcription factor TBX20 are associated with multiple forms of congenital heart defects, including cardiac septal abnormalities, but our understanding of the contributions of endocardial TBX20 to heart development remains incomplete. Here, we investigated how TBX20 interacts with endocardial gene networks to drive the mesenchymal and myocardial movements that are essential for outflow tract and atrioventricular septation. Selective ablation of Tbx20 in murine endocardial lineages reduced the expression of extracellular matrix and cell migration genes that are critical for septation. Using the assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq), we identified accessible chromatin within endocardial lineages and intersected these data with TBX20 ChIP-seq and chromatin loop maps to determine that TBX20 binds a conserved long-range enhancer to regulate versican (Vcan) expression. We also observed reduced Vcan expression in Tbx20-deficient mice, supporting a direct role for TBX20 in Vcan regulation. Further, we show that the Vcan enhancer drove reporter gene expression in endocardial lineages in a TBX20-binding site-dependent manner. This work illuminates gene networks that interact with TBX20 to orchestrate cardiac septation and provides insight into the chromatin landscape of endocardial lineages during septation.
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27
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Abstract
Cardiac transcription factors orchestrate the complex cellular and molecular events required to produce a functioning heart. Misregulation of the cardiac transcription program leads to embryonic developmental defects and is associated with human congenital heart diseases. Recent studies have expanded our understanding of the regulation of cardiac gene expression at an additional layer, involving the coordination of epigenetic and transcriptional regulators. In this review, we highlight and discuss discoveries made possible by the genetic and embryological tools available in the zebrafish model organism, with a focus on the novel functions of cardiac transcription factors and epigenetic and transcriptional regulatory proteins during cardiogenesis.
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28
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Zhou YM, Dai XY, Qiu XB, Yuan F, Li RG, Xu YJ, Qu XK, Huang RT, Xue S, Yang YQ. HAND1 loss-of-function mutation associated with familial dilated cardiomyopathy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 54:1161-7. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2015-0766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor HAND1 is essential for cardiac development and structural remodeling, and mutations in HAND1 have been causally linked to various congenital heart diseases. However, whether genetically compromised HAND1 predisposes to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in humans remains unknown.The whole coding region and splicing junctions of theA novel heterozygous HAND1 mutation, p.R105X, was identified in a family with DCM transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait, which co-segregated with DCM in the family with complete penetrance. The nonsense mutation was absent in 520 control chromosomes. Functional analyses unveiled that the mutant HAND1 had no transcriptional activity. Furthermore, the mutation abolished the synergistic activation between HAND1 and GATA4, another crucial cardiac transcription factors that has been associated with various congenital cardiovascular malformations and DCM.This study firstly reports the association of HAND1 loss-of-function mutation with increased susceptibility to DCM in humans, which provides novel insight into the molecular mechanisms underpinning DCM.
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29
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LU CAIXIA, GONG HAIRONG, LIU XINGYUAN, WANG JUAN, ZHAO CUIMEI, HUANG RITAI, XUE SONG, YANG YIQING. A novel HAND2 loss-of-function mutation responsible for tetralogy of Fallot. Int J Mol Med 2015; 37:445-51. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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30
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Yoshida A, Morisaki H, Nakaji M, Kitano M, Kim KS, Sagawa K, Ishikawa S, Satokata I, Mitani Y, Kato H, Hamaoka K, Echigo S, Shiraishi I, Morisaki T. Genetic mutation analysis in Japanese patients with non-syndromic congenital heart disease. J Hum Genet 2015; 61:157-62. [DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2015.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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