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Narusawa E, Kurozumi S, Katayama A, Koibuchi Y, Ogawa A, Takata D, Tokuda S, Obayashi S, Oyama T, Horiguchi J, Shirabe K, Fujii T. Utility of human epidermal growth factor 2 heterogeneity as a prognostic factor in triple-negative breast cancer. Med Mol Morphol 2024:10.1007/s00795-024-00386-z. [PMID: 38619618 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-024-00386-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
In some cases of human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2)-negative breast cancer, including triple-negative breast cancer, HER2 expression is sporadically and strongly upregulated, a condition known as HER2 heterogeneity. We investigated the clinicopathological features of patients with HER2 heterogeneity in triple-negative breast cancers treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Thirty-nine patients with triple-negative breast cancer who had undergone preoperative chemotherapy participated in this study. To assess for HER2 heterogeneity, we used dual in situ hybridization slides. We evaluated the association between HER2 heterogeneity and clinicopathological factors such as rates of pathologic complete response (pCR) and of recurrence-free survival. Of the 39 patients, 15 (38.5%) had cancers with HER2 heterogeneity. The pCR rates were 13.3% among patients with HER2 heterogeneity and 20.8% among those with HER2 nonheterogeneity, but the difference was not significant. The recurrence-free survival rate was significantly lower in patients with HER2 heterogeneity than in those without (P = 0.025). HER2 heterogeneity is a significant predictor of poor prognosis in patients with triple-negative breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Narusawa
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, National Hospital Organization Takasaki General Medical Center, Gunma, Japan
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Sasagu Kurozumi
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, National Hospital Organization Takasaki General Medical Center, Gunma, Japan.
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan.
- Department of Breast Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare, 852, Hatakeda, Narita City, Chiba, 286-8520, Japan.
| | - Ayaka Katayama
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yukio Koibuchi
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, National Hospital Organization Takasaki General Medical Center, Gunma, Japan
| | - Akira Ogawa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Hospital Organization Takasaki General Medical Center, Gunma, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takata
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, National Hospital Organization Takasaki General Medical Center, Gunma, Japan
| | - Shoko Tokuda
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, National Hospital Organization Takasaki General Medical Center, Gunma, Japan
| | - Sayaka Obayashi
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Tetsunari Oyama
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Jun Horiguchi
- Department of Breast Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare, 852, Hatakeda, Narita City, Chiba, 286-8520, Japan
| | - Ken Shirabe
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Takaaki Fujii
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
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Arqueros C, Gallardo A, Vidal S, Osuna-Gómez R, Tibau A, Lidia Bell O, Ramón Y Cajal T, Lerma E, Lobato-Delgado B, Salazar J, Barnadas A. Clinical Relevance of Tumour-Infiltrating Immune Cells in HER2-Negative Breast Cancer Treated with Neoadjuvant Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2627. [PMID: 38473874 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, therapy response cannot be accurately predicted in HER2-negative breast cancer (BC). Measuring stromal tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (sTILs) and mediators of the tumour microenvironment and characterizing tumour-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) may improve treatment response in the neoadjuvant setting. Tumour tissue and peripheral blood samples were retrospectively collected from 118 patients, and sTILs were evaluated. Circulating exosomes and myeloid-derived suppressor cells were determined by flow cytometry. TIICs markers (CD4, CD8, CD20, CD1a, and CD68) were assessed immunohistochemically. High sTILs were significantly associated with pathological complete response (pCR; p = 0.048) and event-free survival (EFS; p = 0.027). High-CD68 cells were significantly associated with pCR in triple-negative (TN, p = 0.027) and high-CD1a cells with EFS in luminal-B (p = 0.012) BC. Cluster analyses of TIICs revealed two groups of tumours (C1 and C2) that had different immune patterns and clinical outcomes. An immunoscore based on clinicopathological variables was developed to identify high risk (C1) or low-risk (C2) patients. Additionally, cluster analyses revealed two groups of tumours for both luminal-B and TNBC. Our findings support the association of sTILs with pCR and show an immunological component in a subset of patients with HER2-negative BC. Our immunoscore may be useful for future escalation or de-escalation treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Arqueros
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Gallardo
- Department of Pathology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Institut de Recerca Sant Pau-CERCA Center, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Vidal
- Inflammatory Diseases, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Institut de Recerca Sant Pau-CERCA Center, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rubén Osuna-Gómez
- Inflammatory Diseases, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Institut de Recerca Sant Pau-CERCA Center, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ariadna Tibau
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Lidia Bell
- Translational Medical Oncology Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Institut de Recerca Sant Pau-CERCA Center, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Ramón Y Cajal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrique Lerma
- Department of Pathology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Institut de Recerca Sant Pau-CERCA Center, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bárbara Lobato-Delgado
- Unitat de Genòmica de Malalties Complexes, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau-CERCA Center, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juliana Salazar
- Translational Medical Oncology Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Institut de Recerca Sant Pau-CERCA Center, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Agustí Barnadas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Translational Medical Oncology Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Institut de Recerca Sant Pau-CERCA Center, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red Cancer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Makhlouf S, Wahab N, Toss M, Ibrahim A, Lashen AG, Atallah NM, Ghannam S, Jahanifar M, Lu W, Graham S, Mongan NP, Bilal M, Bhalerao A, Snead D, Minhas F, Raza SEA, Rajpoot N, Rakha E. Evaluation of tumour infiltrating lymphocytes in luminal breast cancer using artificial intelligence. Br J Cancer 2023; 129:1747-1758. [PMID: 37777578 PMCID: PMC10667537 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02451-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are a prognostic parameter in triple-negative and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer (BC). However, their role in luminal (oestrogen receptor positive and HER2 negative (ER + /HER2-)) BC remains unclear. In this study, we used artificial intelligence (AI) to assess the prognostic significance of TILs in a large well-characterised cohort of luminal BC. METHODS Supervised deep learning model analysis of Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E)-stained whole slide images (WSI) was applied to a cohort of 2231 luminal early-stage BC patients with long-term follow-up. Stromal TILs (sTILs) and intratumoural TILs (tTILs) were quantified and their spatial distribution within tumour tissue, as well as the proportion of stroma involved by sTILs were assessed. The association of TILs with clinicopathological parameters and patient outcome was determined. RESULTS A strong positive linear correlation was observed between sTILs and tTILs. High sTILs and tTILs counts, as well as their proximity to stromal and tumour cells (co-occurrence) were associated with poor clinical outcomes and unfavourable clinicopathological parameters including high tumour grade, lymph node metastasis, large tumour size, and young age. AI-based assessment of the proportion of stroma composed of sTILs (as assessed visually in routine practice) was not predictive of patient outcome. tTILs was an independent predictor of worse patient outcome in multivariate Cox Regression analysis. CONCLUSION AI-based detection of TILs counts, and their spatial distribution provides prognostic value in luminal early-stage BC patients. The utilisation of AI algorithms could provide a comprehensive assessment of TILs as a morphological variable in WSIs beyond eyeballing assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shorouk Makhlouf
- Academic Unit for Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Noorul Wahab
- Tissue Image Analytics Centre, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Michael Toss
- Academic Unit for Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Department of Histopathology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Asmaa Ibrahim
- Academic Unit for Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Ayat G Lashen
- Academic Unit for Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Nehal M Atallah
- Academic Unit for Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Suzan Ghannam
- Academic Unit for Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Department of Histology and cell biology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | | | - Wenqi Lu
- Tissue Image Analytics Centre, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Simon Graham
- Tissue Image Analytics Centre, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Nigel P Mongan
- Biodiscovery Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Mohsin Bilal
- Tissue Image Analytics Centre, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Abhir Bhalerao
- Tissue Image Analytics Centre, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - David Snead
- University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry, UK
| | - Fayyaz Minhas
- Tissue Image Analytics Centre, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | | | - Nasir Rajpoot
- Tissue Image Analytics Centre, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
| | - Emad Rakha
- Academic Unit for Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
- Department of Histopathology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK.
- Department of Pathology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
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Sun T, Wang T, Li X, Wang H, Mao Y. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes provides recent survival information for early-stage HER2-low-positive breast cancer: a large cohort retrospective study. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1148228. [PMID: 37409261 PMCID: PMC10318431 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1148228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose It has been reported that breast cancer (BC) with low expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) might be a distinct subtype of BC. However, the prognostic effect of low HER2 expression on BC patients remains controversial. We aim to conduct this single-institution retrospective analysis to assess HER2-low-positive BC outcomes in Chinese women and the prognostic role of TILs in HER2-low-positive early-stage BC. Method We retrospectively enrolled 1,763 BC patients treated in a single institution from 2017 to 2018. TILs are regarded as continuous variables and are divided into low TILs (≤10%) and high TILs (>10%) for statistical analysis. Univariate and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to test the associations between TILs and disease-free survival (DFS) with adjustment for clinicopathologic characteristics. Result High TIL levels (>10%) were associated with tumor size (>2 cm, p = 0.042), age at diagnosis (p = 0.005), Ki-67 index (>25%; p <0.001), HR (hormone receptor) status (positive, p <0.001), advanced pathological stage (p = 0.043), subtype (p <0.001), and HER2 status (p <0.001). The Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that no significant difference in DFS (p = 0.83) could be found between HER2-positive, HER2-low-positive, and HER2-0 BC. The DFS of HER2-low-positive BC and HER2-nonamplified BC with high levels of TILs was statistically better than that of patients with low levels of TILs (p = 0.015; p = 0.047). In HER2-low-positive BC patients with high TIL levels (>10%), DFS was significantly improved in both the univariate (HR = 0.44, 95% CI 0.22-0.87, P = 0.018) and multivariate (HR = 0.47, 95% CI 0.23-0.95, P = 0.035) Cox models. For further subgroup analysis, HR (+)/HER2-low-positive BC with high TIL (>10%) levels was associated with improved DFS in both the univariate (HR = 0.41, 95% CI 0.19-0.90, P = 0.025) and multivariate (HR = 0.42, 95% CI 0.19-0.93, P = 0.032) Cox models. The HR (-)/HER2-0 BC with high TIL (>10%) level was not statistically significant in the univariate Cox model, but it was statistically significant in the multivariate (HR = 0.16, 95% CI 0.28-0.96, P = 0.045) Cox model. Conclusion Among early-stage BC, no significant survival difference could be found between the HER2-positive, HER2-low-positive, and HER2-0 cohorts. High levels of TILs were significantly associated with improved DFS in HER2-low-positive patients, especially in the HR (+)/HER2-low-positive subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Sun
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Breast Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Statistics, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiangjun Li
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Breast Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Breast Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Mao
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Breast Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Stevenson VB, Klahn S, LeRoith T, Huckle WR. Canine melanoma: A review of diagnostics and comparative mechanisms of disease and immunotolerance in the era of the immunotherapies. Front Vet Sci 2023; 9:1046636. [PMID: 36686160 PMCID: PMC9853198 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1046636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanomas in humans and dogs are highly malignant and resistant to therapy. Since the first development of immunotherapies, interest in how the immune system interacts within the tumor microenvironment and plays a role in tumor development, progression, or remission has increased. Of major importance are tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) where distribution and cell frequencies correlate with survival and therapeutic outcomes. Additionally, efforts have been made to identify subsets of TILs populations that can contribute to a tumor-promoting or tumor-inhibiting environment, such as the case with T regulatory cells versus CD8 T cells. Furthermore, cancerous cells have the capacity to express certain inhibitory checkpoint molecules, including CTLA-4, PD-L1, PD-L2, that can suppress the immune system, a property associated with poor prognosis, a high rate of recurrence, and metastasis. Comparative oncology brings insights to comprehend the mechanisms of tumorigenesis and immunotolerance in humans and dogs, contributing to the development of new therapeutic agents that can modulate the immune response against the tumor. Therapies that target signaling pathways such as mTOR and MEK/ERK that are upregulated in cancer, or immunotherapies with different approaches such as CAR-T cells engineered for specific tumor-associated antigens, DNA vaccines using human tyrosinase or CGSP-4 antigen, anti-PD-1 or -PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies that intercept their binding inhibiting the suppression of the T cells, and lymphokine-activated killer cells are already in development for treating canine tumors. This review provides concise and recent information about diagnosis, comparative mechanisms of tumor development and progression, and the current status of immunotherapies directed toward canine melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina B. Stevenson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Shawna Klahn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States,Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Tanya LeRoith
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - William R. Huckle
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States,*Correspondence: William R. Huckle ✉
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One Step Nucleic Acid Amplification (OSNA) Lysate Samples Are Suitable to Establish a Transcriptional Metastatic Signature in Patients with Early Stage Hormone Receptors-Positive Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235855. [PMID: 36497336 PMCID: PMC9736102 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The One Step Nucleic Acid Amplification (OSNA) is being adopted worldwide for sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) staging in breast cancer (BC). As major disadvantage, OSNA precludes prognostic information based on structural evaluation of SLNs. Our aim is to identify biomarkers related to tumor-microenvironment interplay exploring gene expression data from the OSNA remaining lysate. This study included 32 patients with early stage hormone receptors-positive BC. Remaining OSNA lysates were prepared for targeted RNA-sequencing analysis. Identification of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was performed by DESeq2 in R and data analysis in STATA. The results show that, in metastatic SLNs, several genes were upregulated: KRT7, VTCN1, CD44, GATA3, ALOX15B, RORC, NECTIN2, LRG1, CD276, FOXM1 and IGF1R. Hierarchical clustering analysis revealed three different clusters. The identified DEGs codify proteins mainly involved in cancer aggressiveness and with impact in immune response. The overexpression of the immune suppressive genes VTCN1 and CD276 may explain that no direct evidence of activation of immune response in metastatic SLNs was found. We show that OSNA results may be improved incorporating microenvironment-related biomarkers that may be useful in the future for prognosis stratification and immunotherapy selection. As OSNA assay is being implemented for SLNs staging in other cancers, this approach could also have a wider utility.
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Köpke MB, Chateau MC, Boissière-Michot F, Schneider M, Garrido F, Zati-Zehni A, Vilsmaier T, Kessler M, Ditsch N, Cavaillès V, Jeschke U. Prognostic Relevance of Nuclear Receptors in Relation to Peritumoral Inflammation and Tumor Infiltration by Lymphocytes in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194561. [PMID: 36230483 PMCID: PMC9559250 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognostic impact of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is intensively investigated in breast cancer (BC). It is already known that triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), the most aggressive type of BC, has the highest percentage of TILs. In addition, there is an influence of steroid hormone receptor expression (type I nuclear receptors) on TIL subpopulations in breast cancer tissue. The link between type II nuclear receptors and the level of TILs is unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to quantify TILs in a panel of 264 sporadic breast cancers and investigate the correlation of TIL levels with type I and II nuclear receptors expression. TIL levels were significantly increased in the subgroup of TNBC. By contrast, they decreased in estrogen (ER)- or progesterone receptor (PR)-positive cases. Moreover, TIL levels were correlated with type II nuclear receptors, including PPARγ, with a significant inverse correlation of the nuclear form (r = −0.727, p < 0.001) and a weak positive correlation of the cytoplasmic form (r = 0.202, p < 0.002). Surprisingly, BC cases with a TIL Salgado score of >15% showed a significantly decreased overall survival. In addition, peritumoral inflammation was also quantified in BC tissue samples. In our cohort, although the level of peritumoral inflammation was not correlated with OS, it determined the prognostic value of ER, PR, and PPARγ in BC. Altogether, the present study provides a differentiated overview of the relations between nuclear receptor expression, TIL levels, peritumoral inflammation, and prognosis in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melitta B. Köpke
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University Hospital Augsburg, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Marie-Christine Chateau
- Translational Research Unit, Montpellier Cancer Institute Val d’Aurelle, 208 rue des Apothicaires, F-34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Florence Boissière-Michot
- Translational Research Unit, Montpellier Cancer Institute Val d’Aurelle, 208 rue des Apothicaires, F-34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Mariella Schneider
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University Hospital Augsburg, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Garrido
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University Hospital Augsburg, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Alaleh Zati-Zehni
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Theresa Vilsmaier
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Mirjana Kessler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Nina Ditsch
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University Hospital Augsburg, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Vincent Cavaillès
- IRCM-Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université Montpellier, Parc Euromédecine, 208 rue des Apothicaires, F-34298 Montpellier, France
- Correspondence: (V.C.); (U.J.); Tel.: +33-4-11-28-31-72 (V.C.); +49-821-400-165505 (U.J.)
| | - Udo Jeschke
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University Hospital Augsburg, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (V.C.); (U.J.); Tel.: +33-4-11-28-31-72 (V.C.); +49-821-400-165505 (U.J.)
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The Impact of Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes Densities and Ki67 Index on Residual Breast Cancer Burden following Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy. Int J Breast Cancer 2022; 2022:2597889. [PMID: 36133828 PMCID: PMC9484975 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2597889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To avoid unnecessary neoadjuvant chemotherapy in case anticipating a poor therapy response, it is essential to find the pathological parameters that would predict pathological complete response or at least a decrease in tumor burden following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The purpose of this study is to investigate the hypothesis that tumor infiltrating lymphocytes can predict the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and to find the Ki67 cutoff value that best predicts the benefit of chemotherapy. 153 cases of breast cancer were chosen, based on their molecular subtype: triple negative subtype (77) and luminal, HER2-ve subtype (76). Histopathological assessment of pretherapy core biopsies was conducted to assess variable pathological parameters including TILs rates with the aid of immunohistochemical staining for CD20 and CD3. Moreover, core biopsies were stained for Ki67, and the findings were compared to the residual cancer burden following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. On analyzing and contrasting the two groups, a significant association between molecular subtype and pathological complete response was confirmed, while tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in either group had no effect on therapy response. We used receiver operating characteristic curve analysis to determine that a cutoff of 36% for Ki67 is the most accurate value to predict complete therapy response.
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