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Ko J, Song J, Choi N, Kim HN. Patient-Derived Microphysiological Systems for Precision Medicine. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303161. [PMID: 38010253 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Patient-derived microphysiological systems (P-MPS) have emerged as powerful tools in precision medicine that provide valuable insight into individual patient characteristics. This review discusses the development of P-MPS as an integration of patient-derived samples, including patient-derived cells, organoids, and induced pluripotent stem cells, into well-defined MPSs. Emphasizing the necessity of P-MPS development, its significance as a nonclinical assessment approach that bridges the gap between traditional in vitro models and clinical outcomes is highlighted. Additionally, guidance is provided for engineering approaches to develop microfluidic devices and high-content analysis for P-MPSs, enabling high biological relevance and high-throughput experimentation. The practical implications of the P-MPS are further examined by exploring the clinically relevant outcomes obtained from various types of patient-derived samples. The construction and analysis of these diverse samples within the P-MPS have resulted in physiologically relevant data, paving the way for the development of personalized treatment strategies. This study describes the significance of the P-MPS in precision medicine, as well as its unique capacity to offer valuable insights into individual patient characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihoon Ko
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Song
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Nakwon Choi
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Nam Kim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei-KIST Convergence Research Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
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Alahdal M, Perera RA, Moschovas MC, Patel V, Perera RJ. Current advances of liquid biopsies in prostate cancer: Molecular biomarkers. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2023; 30:27-38. [PMID: 37575217 PMCID: PMC10415624 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) incidence is increasing and endangers men's lives. Early detection of PCa could improve overall survival (OS) by preventing metastasis. The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test is a popular screening method. Several advisory groups, however, warn against using the PSA test due to its high false positive rate, unsupported outcome, and limited benefit. The number of disease-related biopsies performed annually far outweighs the number of diagnoses. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop accurate diagnostic biomarkers to detect PCa and distinguish between aggressive and indolent cancers. Recently, non-coding RNA (ncRNA), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA)/ctRNA, exosomes, and metabolomic biomarkers in the liquid biopsies (LBs) of patients with PCa showed significant differences and clinical benefits in diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring response to therapy. The analysis of urinary exosomal ncRNA presented a substantial correlation among Exos-miR-375 downregulation, clinical T stage, and bone metastases of PCa. Furthermore, the expression of miR-532-5p in urine samples was a vital predictive biomarker of PCa progression. Thus, this review focuses on promising molecular and metabolomic biomarkers in LBs from patients with PCa. We thoroughly addressed the most recent clinical findings of LB biomarker use in diagnosing and monitoring PCa in early and advanced stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murad Alahdal
- Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, 600 5th St. South, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sydney Kimmel Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 401 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Roshane A. Perera
- AdventHealth Celebration, 380 Celebration Place, Celebration, FL 34747, USA
| | | | - Vipul Patel
- AdventHealth Celebration, 380 Celebration Place, Celebration, FL 34747, USA
| | - Ranjan J. Perera
- Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, 600 5th St. South, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sydney Kimmel Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 401 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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Schwab FD, Scheidmann MC, Ozimski LL, Kling A, Armbrecht L, Ryser T, Krol I, Strittmatter K, Nguyen-Sträuli BD, Jacob F, Fedier A, Heinzelmann-Schwarz V, Wicki A, Dittrich PS, Aceto N. MyCTC chip: microfluidic-based drug screen with patient-derived tumour cells from liquid biopsies. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2022; 8:130. [PMID: 36561926 PMCID: PMC9763115 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-022-00467-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cancer patients with advanced disease are characterized by intrinsic challenges in predicting drug response patterns, often leading to ineffective treatment. Current clinical practice for treatment decision-making is commonly based on primary or secondary tumour biopsies, yet when disease progression accelerates, tissue biopsies are not performed on a regular basis. It is in this context that liquid biopsies may offer a unique window to uncover key vulnerabilities, providing valuable information about previously underappreciated treatment opportunities. Here, we present MyCTC chip, a novel microfluidic device enabling the isolation, culture and drug susceptibility testing of cancer cells derived from liquid biopsies. Cancer cell capture is achieved through a label-free, antigen-agnostic enrichment method, and it is followed by cultivation in dedicated conditions, allowing on-chip expansion of captured cells. Upon growth, cancer cells are then transferred to drug screen chambers located within the same device, where multiple compounds can be tested simultaneously. We demonstrate MyCTC chip performance by means of spike-in experiments with patient-derived breast circulating tumour cells, enabling >95% capture rates, as well as prospective processing of blood from breast cancer patients and ascites fluid from patients with ovarian, tubal and endometrial cancer, where sensitivity to specific chemotherapeutic agents was identified. Together, we provide evidence that MyCTC chip may be used to identify personalized drug response patterns in patients with advanced metastatic disease and with limited treatment opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne D. Schwab
- Department of Biomedicine, Cancer Metastasis Laboratory, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Gynaecologic Oncology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel C. Scheidmann
- Department of Biomedicine, Cancer Metastasis Laboratory, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lauren L. Ozimski
- Department of Biomedicine, Cancer Metastasis Laboratory, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - André Kling
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lucas Armbrecht
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Till Ryser
- Department of Biomedicine, Cancer Metastasis Laboratory, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ilona Krol
- Department of Biomedicine, Cancer Metastasis Laboratory, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karin Strittmatter
- Department of Biomedicine, Cancer Metastasis Laboratory, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bich Doan Nguyen-Sträuli
- Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Gynaecology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Francis Jacob
- Department of Biomedicine, Ovarian Cancer Research, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - André Fedier
- Department of Biomedicine, Ovarian Cancer Research, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Viola Heinzelmann-Schwarz
- Department of Gynaecologic Oncology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, Ovarian Cancer Research, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Wicki
- University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Petra S. Dittrich
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Aceto
- Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), Zurich, Switzerland
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Liquid Biopsy Analysis as a Tool for TKI-Based Treatment in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182871. [PMID: 36139444 PMCID: PMC9497234 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has recently evolved with the introduction of targeted therapy based on the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in patients with certain gene alterations, including EGFR, ALK, ROS1, BRAF, and MET genes. Molecular targeted therapy based on TKIs has improved clinical outcomes in a large number of NSCLC patients with advanced disease, enabling significantly longer progression-free survival (PFS). Liquid biopsy is an increasingly popular diagnostic tool for treating TKI-based NSCLC. The studies presented in this article show that detection and analysis based on liquid biopsy elements such as circulating tumor cells (CTCs), cell-free DNA (cfDNA), exosomes, and/or tumor-educated platelets (TEPs) can contribute to the appropriate selection and monitoring of targeted therapy in NSCLC patients as complementary to invasive tissue biopsy. The detection of these elements, combined with their molecular analysis (using, e.g., digital PCR (dPCR), next generation sequencing (NGS), shallow whole genome sequencing (sWGS)), enables the detection of mutations, which are required for the TKI treatment. Despite such promising results obtained by many research teams, it is still necessary to carry out prospective studies on a larger group of patients in order to validate these methods before their application in clinical practice.
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Nasiłowska B, Bogdanowicz Z, Kasprzycka W, Bombalska A, Mierczyk Z. Studies on the Effect of Graphene Oxide Deposited on Gold and Nickel Microsieves on Prostate Cancer Cells DU 145. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126567. [PMID: 35743008 PMCID: PMC9224325 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This work shows the effect of graphene oxide deposition on microsieves’ surfaces of gold and nickel foils, on DU 145 tumor cells of the prostate gland. The sieves were made by a laser ablation process. The graphene oxide (GO) deposition process was characterized by the complete covering of the inner edges of the microholes and the flat surface between the holes with GO. Electron microscanning studies have shown that due to the deposition method applied, graphene oxide flakes line the interior of the microholes, reducing the unevenness of the downstream surfaces during the laser ablation process. The presence of graphene oxide was confirmed by Fourier infrared spectroscopy. During the screening (sieving) process, the microsieves were placed in a sieve column. Gold foil is proven to be a very good material for the screening of cancer cells, but even more so after screening as a substrate for re-culture of the DU 145. This allows a potential recovery of the cells and the development of a targeted therapy. The sieved cells were successfully grown on the microsieves used in the experiment. Graphene oxide remaining on the surface of the nickel sieve has been observed to increase the sieving effect. Although graphene oxide improved separation efficiency by 9.7%, the nickel substrate is not suitable for re-culturing of the Du 145 cells and the development of a targeted therapy compared to the gold one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Nasiłowska
- Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, gen. S. Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (W.K.); (A.B.); (Z.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Zdzisław Bogdanowicz
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Military University of Technology, gen. S. Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Wiktoria Kasprzycka
- Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, gen. S. Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (W.K.); (A.B.); (Z.M.)
| | - Aneta Bombalska
- Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, gen. S. Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (W.K.); (A.B.); (Z.M.)
| | - Zygmunt Mierczyk
- Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, gen. S. Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (W.K.); (A.B.); (Z.M.)
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Chen Z, Wang J, Lu Y, Lai C, Qu L, Zhuo Y. Ezrin expression in circulating tumor cells is a predictor of prostate cancer metastasis. Bioengineered 2022; 13:4076-4084. [PMID: 35156523 PMCID: PMC8974175 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2014710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) remains incurable and fatal. Previous studies have proven that circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and Ezrin are involved in PCa progression, metastasis, diagnosis, and prognosis. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the roles of CTCs and Ezrin in PCa metastasis. The expression of Ezrin was measured by qRT–PCR and immunohistochemical staining. The migration and invasion of PCa cells were evaluated. Additionally, clinical data from PCa patients were collected to analyze the potential roles of Ezrin expression in CTCs of PCa. The results showed that Ezrin expression was significantly upregulated in PCa tissues and 22RV1 and PC-3 cell samples. The overexpression of Ezrin promoted the migratory and invasive abilities of 22RV1 and PC-3 cells. Finally, the clinical data revealed that the expression of Ezrin in CTCs of PCa patients was significantly upregulated with the metastatic degree. Furthermore, after radical prostatectomy, CTCs from Ezrin-positive PCa patients were susceptible to tumor metastasis. Therefore, these results indicated that Ezrin expression in CTCs may offer novel insights into the prognosis and management of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jue Wang
- Department of Pathology, The FirstAffiliated Hospital of Sun Yet-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangbai Lu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Departments of Urology, Zhongshan City People’s Hospital, Zhongshan, China
| | - Caiyong Lai
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lijun Qu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yumin Zhuo
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Yang G, Xie J, Zhang S, Gu W, Yuan J, Wang R, Guo C, Ye L, Peng B, Yao X, Yang B. Clinical Significance of Mesenchymal Circulating Tumor Cells in Patients With Oligometastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer Who Underwent Cytoreductive Radical Prostatectomy. Front Oncol 2022; 11:812549. [PMID: 35127528 PMCID: PMC8810514 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.812549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PurposeGrowing evidence shows that circulating tumor cells (CTCs) become more aggressive after the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), though the clinical significance of CTCs undergoing EMT in oligometastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (omHSPC) patients has not yet been reported. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to detect the CTC level and investigate the clinical significance of mesenchymal CTCs in omHSPC patients who underwent cytoreductive radical prostatectomy (CRP).Materials and MethodsBlood samples were drawn from 54 omHSPC patients who underwent CRP. The CanPatrol CTC enrichment technique was applied to isolate and identify different phenotypes of CTCs, which were classified as epithelial (E-CTCs), mesenchymal (M-CTCs), or biphenotypic epithelial/mesenchymal (Bi-CTCs). Univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses were employed to investigate potential prognostic factors for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC)-free survival and cancer-specific survival (CSS). The prognostic value of CTCs for CSS and mCRPC-free survival was assessed using time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and Kaplan–Meier analysis.ResultsCTCs were detected in 51 of 54 patients (94%). E-CTC, M-CTC, and Bi-CTC detection rates were 56%, 67%, and 85%, respectively. A positive correlation was found between the M-CTC count and number of bone metastases (p = 0.012). Time-dependent ROC analysis showed that the M-CTC count had higher predictive power than E-CTC or Bi-CTC for mCRPC-free survival (3-year area under the curve [AUC] values: 0.64, 0.60, and 0.61) and CSS (3-year AUC: 0.86, 0.58, and 0.67). Additionally, time-dependent ROC analysis revealed total CTCs (T-CTCs) ≥5 and M-CTCs ≥2 to be the cutoff points with optimal specificity and sensitivity. Based on multivariable Cox regression, T-CTC and M-CTC counts were both independently associated with CSS and mCRPC-free survival (all p < 0.05), though E-CTCs and Bi-CTCs had no significant prognostic value (all p > 0.05). Patients with T-CTC ≥5 or M-CTC ≥2 had significantly worse mCRPC-free survival and CSS than those with T-CTC<5 or M-CTC<2 (all p < 0.05) after CRP.ConclusionCTC quantification and phenotype characterization provide prognostic information, and M-CTCs can be used as a novel biomarker for omHSPC patients who undergo CRP. The results need to be validated in prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanjie Yang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Shanghai Clinical College, Anhui Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shun Zhang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenyu Gu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruiliang Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Changcheng Guo
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Ye
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical College, Anhui Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xudong Yao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical College, Anhui Medical University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xudong Yao, ; Bin Yang,
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xudong Yao, ; Bin Yang,
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Shen F, Zhu Y, Wang F, Cai X, Ding H, Zhou F, Wang J, Gu H, Liu C, Li Q. Clinical significance of circulating tumour cells and tumour marker detection in the chemotherapeutic evaluation of advanced colorectal cancer. Colorectal Dis 2022; 24:68-76. [PMID: 34611964 PMCID: PMC9298334 DOI: 10.1111/codi.15939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Systemic chemotherapy combining biological targeted therapies is the standard therapy for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), but effective markers are needed to identify clinical responders. Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) have been associated with prognosis in patients with mCRC. This study aimed to explore the relationship between CTC number and the clinical response of patients with advanced CRC. METHOD Epithelial cell adhesion molecule-independent enrichment and CD45- fluorescence in situ hybridization immunofluorescence were used to detect peripheral blood CTCs in 79 patients with advanced CRC. Fisher's exact test and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient were used to analyse the correlation between CTC number and efficacy of chemotherapy. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses were used to evaluate progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS Among the evaluable patients, CTCs were significantly correlated with clinical response (r =4.891, p = 0.031). High CTC numbers were associated with a poor treatment response (r = -0.250, p = 0.027). Dynamic decrease in CTC number was associated with clinical response (p = 0.046). High baseline CTC number and carcinoembryonic antigen levels were prognostic factors for unfavourable PFS in multivariable analysis [hazard ratio (HR) = 3.30, p = 0.011 and HR = 2.04, p = 0.044, respectively]. Compared with the CTC-positive group, the CTC-negative group showed superior PFS (median PFS 15.53 vs. 9.43 months, p = 0.041) among CRC patients receiving first-line treatment. CONCLUSION CTC number is a feasible biomarker for predicting outcomes in mCRC patients receiving systemic chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Shen
- Department of OncologyShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yiwen Zhu
- Department of OncologyShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of OncologyShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xun Cai
- Department of OncologyShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Honghua Ding
- Department of OncologyShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Fei Zhou
- Department of OncologyShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jingjue Wang
- Department of OncologyShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Hongli Gu
- Department of OncologyShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Chuan Liu
- Department of OncologyShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Qi Li
- Department of OncologyShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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Circulating tumor cells in patients undergoing androgen deprivation therapy with versus without cryosurgery for metastatic prostate cancer: a retrospective analysis. World J Surg Oncol 2021; 19:345. [PMID: 34903228 PMCID: PMC8667356 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-021-02455-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study aimed to assess the value of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) as a prognostic and treatment response marker in patients undergoing androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) plus cryosurgery vs. ADT alone for metastatic prostate cancer (mPCA). METHODS This retrospective analysis included 43 patients with mPCA: 23 receiving ADT alone (control) and 20 receiving additional cryosurgery (cryosurgery group). CTCs and progression-free survival (PFS) were compared between the two groups. Cox proportional hazards regression was conducted to identify variables associated with PFS. RESULTS Median PFS was 35 months (IQR, 33‑37) in the cryosurgery group vs. 30 months (IQR, 27‑32) in the control (p < 0.001). CTCs count was significantly lower in the cryosurgery group at both 3 months (z = 2.170, p = 0.030) and 12 months (z = 2.481; p = 0.013). In comparison to the baseline, the number of CTCs at both 3 and 12 months was lower in the cryosurgery group (p = 0.004 and p < 0.001, respectively), but not in the ADT alone group. In multivariate Cox regression, shorter PFS was associated with baseline PSA ≧100 ng/ml (HR 6.584, 95% CI, 5.309‑8.166), biopsy Gleason score ≧ 8 (HR 2.064, 95% CI, 1.608‑2.650), clinic T stage>T2b (HR 5.021, 95% CI, 3.925‑6.421), number of bone metastases>3 (HR 3.421, 95% CI, 2.786‑4.202), positive CTCs at 3 months post-treatment (HR 6.833, 95% CI, 5.176‑9.022), positive CTCs 1 year post-treatment (HR 6.051, 95% CI, 4.347‑8.424). Prostate cryosurgery was associated with longer PFS (HR 0.062, 95% CI, 0.048‑.080). CONCLUSIONS CTC was a prognostic and treatment response marker for mPCA. ADT plus cryosurgery could reduce CTCs and prolong PFS vs. ADT alone in mPCA patients with low metastatic volume.
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Meenu M, Verma VK, Seth A, Sahoo RK, Gupta P, Arya DS. Association of Monoamine Oxidase A with Tumor Burden and Castration Resistance in Prostate Cancer. CURRENT THERAPEUTIC RESEARCH 2020; 93:100610. [PMID: 33245296 PMCID: PMC7674122 DOI: 10.1016/j.curtheres.2020.100610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastatic burden and aggressive behavior determine severity stratification and guide treatment decisions in prostate cancer (PCa). Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) may promote tumor burden and drug/castration resistance in PCa. A positive association will pave the way for MAOA inhibitors such as moclobemide for PCa therapy. OBJECTIVE To analyze MAOA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells qualitatively and p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinases, nuclear factor kappa B, and their phosphorylated forms, vascular endothelial growth factor (angiogenesis), transforming growth factor beta, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (cytokines), Bcl-2 associated X, B-cell lymphoma 2, and P53 (apoptosis), prostate-specific membrane antigen, and epithelial cell adhesion molecules (surface markers) in plasma of patients with PCa. METHODS This was a 1-year pilot study in which patients with PCa were recruited and stratified into 2 groups and subgroups: treatment-naive with (M1) (n = 23) or without (M0) (n = 23) bone metastasis; hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (n = 26) or hormone/castration-resistant prostate cancer (n = 26). MAOA was detected using ELISA and other proteins were detected using immunoblotting technique. RESULTS MAOA was detected in 8.6% of M0 compared with 30.4% of M1 patients, and in 7.7% of hormone-sensitive compared with 27% of hormone/castration resistant PCa patients, associating it with bone metastasis and castration resistance. Multivariable regression analysis showed a correlation of MAOA with serum prostate-specific antigen, a marker for progression in PCa (Pearson correlation coefficient r = 0.30; P < 0.01). In patients with positive MAOA, there was overexpression of p38, phosphorylated-p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinases, phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinases, nuclear factor kappa B, phosphorylated nuclear factor kappa B, transforming growth factor beta, vascular endothelial growth factor, interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor α, Bcl-2 associated X, B-cell lymphoma 2, prostate-specific membrane antigen, and epithelial cell adhesion molecule in M1 compared with M0 group patients, associating these proteins with tumor burden. Overexpression of Bcl-2 associated X, tumor protein 53, c-Jun N-terminal kinases, nuclear factor kappa B, transforming growth factor beta, vascular endothelial growth factor, and prostate-specific membrane antigen and underexpression of B-cell lymphoma 2 and phosphorylated nuclear factor kappa B were observed in hormone-sensitive prostate cancer compared with hormone/castration-resistant prostate cancer, associating these proteins with castration resistance. CONCLUSIONS Association of key molecules of oncogenesis and metastasis with MAOA suggests that MAOA inhibitors such as moclobemide might be effective in the management of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Meenu
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vipin Kumar Verma
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Amlesh Seth
- Department of Urology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ranjit Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Medical Oncology, BRAIRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pooja Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Dharamvir Singh Arya
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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11
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Peter MR, Bilenky M, Isserlin R, Bader GD, Shen SY, De Carvalho DD, Hansen AR, Hu P, Fleshner NE, Joshua AM, Hirst M, Bapat B. Dynamics of the cell-free DNA methylome of metastatic prostate cancer during androgen-targeting treatment. Epigenomics 2020; 12:1317-1332. [PMID: 32867540 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2020-0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: We examined methylation changes in cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) during treatment. Patients & methods: Genome-wide methylation analysis of sequentially collected cfDNA samples derived from mCRPC patients undergoing androgen-targeting therapy was performed. Results: Alterations in methylation states of genes previously implicated in prostate cancer progression were observed and patients that maintained methylation changes throughout therapy tended to have a longer time to clinical progression. Importantly, we also report that markers associated with a highly aggressive form of the disease, neuroendocrine-CRPC, were associated with a faster time to clinical progression. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the potential of monitoring the cfDNA methylome during therapy in mCRPC, which may serve as predictive markers of response to androgen-targeting agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madonna R Peter
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Misha Bilenky
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Science Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Ruth Isserlin
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Gary D Bader
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Shu Yi Shen
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Daniel D De Carvalho
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C1, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Aaron R Hansen
- Division of Medical Oncology & Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Pingzhao Hu
- Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3N4, Canada
| | - Neil E Fleshner
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Oncology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Anthony M Joshua
- Division of Medical Oncology & Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C1, Canada.,Department of Medical Oncology, Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Martin Hirst
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Science Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4S6, Canada.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Bharati Bapat
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
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12
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Rangel-Pozzo A, Liu S, Wajnberg G, Wang X, Ouellette RJ, Hicks GG, Drachenberg D, Mai S. Genomic Analysis of Localized High-Risk Prostate Cancer Circulating Tumor Cells at the Single-Cell Level. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081863. [PMID: 32784507 PMCID: PMC7466090 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate risk classification of men with localized high-risk prostate cancer directly affects treatment management decisions and patient outcomes. A wide range of risk assessments and classifications are available. However, each one has significant limitations to distinguish between indolent and aggressive prostate cancers. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) may provide an alternate additional source, beyond tissue biopsies, to enable individual patient-specific clinical assessment, simply because CTCs can reveal both tumor-derived and germline-specific genetic information more precisely than that gained from a single diagnostic biopsy. In this study, we combined a filtration-based CTC isolation technology with prostate cancer CTC immunophenotyping to identify prostate cancer CTCs. Next, we performed 3-D telomere profiling prior to laser microdissection and single-cell whole-exome sequencing (WES) of 21 CTCs and 4 lymphocytes derived from 10 localized high-risk prostate cancer patient samples. Localized high-risk prostate cancer patient CTCs present a high number of telomere signals with lower signal intensities (short telomeres). To capture the genetic diversity/heterogeneity of high-risk prostate cancer CTCs, we carried out whole-exome sequencing. We identified 202,241 single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and 137,407 insertion-deletions (indels), where less than 10% of these genetic variations were within coding regions. The genetic variation (SNVs + indels) and copy number alteration (CNAs) profiles were highly heterogeneous and intra-patient CTC variation was observed. The pathway enrichment analysis showed the presence of genetic variation in nine telomere maintenance pathways (patients 3, 5, 6, and 7), including an important gene for telomere maintenance called telomeric repeat-binding factor 2 (TRF2). Using the PharmGKB database, we identified nine genetic variations associated with response to docetaxel. A total of 48 SNVs can affect drug response for 24 known cancer drugs. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) (patients 1, 3, 6, and 8) identified the presence of CNAs in 11 different pathways, including the DNA damage repair (DDR) pathway. In conclusion, single-cell approaches (WES and 3-D telomere profiling) showed to be useful in unmasking CTC heterogeneity. DDR pathway mutations have been well-established as a target pathway for cancer therapy. However, the frequent CNA amplifications found in localized high-risk patients may play critical roles in the therapeutic resistance in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Rangel-Pozzo
- Cell Biology, Research Institute of Hematology and Oncology, University of Manitoba, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3C 2B1, Canada;
- Correspondence: (A.R.-P.); (S.M.); Tel.: +1-204-787-2135 (S.M.)
| | - Songyan Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Research Institute of Hematology and Oncology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3C 2B1, Canada; (S.L.); (G.G.H.)
| | - Gabriel Wajnberg
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Pavillon Hôtel-Dieu, 35 Providence Street, Moncton, NB E1C 8X3, Canada; (G.W.); (R.J.O.)
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Cell Biology, Research Institute of Hematology and Oncology, University of Manitoba, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3C 2B1, Canada;
| | - Rodney J. Ouellette
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Pavillon Hôtel-Dieu, 35 Providence Street, Moncton, NB E1C 8X3, Canada; (G.W.); (R.J.O.)
| | - Geoffrey G. Hicks
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Research Institute of Hematology and Oncology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3C 2B1, Canada; (S.L.); (G.G.H.)
| | - Darrel Drachenberg
- Manitoba Prostate Center, Cancer Care Manitoba, Section of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada;
| | - Sabine Mai
- Cell Biology, Research Institute of Hematology and Oncology, University of Manitoba, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3C 2B1, Canada;
- Correspondence: (A.R.-P.); (S.M.); Tel.: +1-204-787-2135 (S.M.)
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13
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Liu H, Ding J, Wu Y, Wu D, Qi J. Prospective Study of the Clinical Impact of Epithelial and Mesenchymal Circulating Tumor Cells in Localized Prostate Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:4549-4560. [PMID: 32606948 PMCID: PMC7304675 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s253997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are considered as a surrogate marker in monitoring disease progression and treatment response in late stage prostate cancer (PCa), its clinical impact in localized PCa remains unclear, indicating the limitation that is simply based on cell count. This perspective observational study aimed to detect the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) subtypes of CTCs in localized PCa and analyze their clinical relevance and application in predicting PCa stages before surgery compared with the Partin table. Patients and Methods Between August 2017 and April 2019, 80 newly diagnosed localized PCa patients were enrolled in the study. Peripheral blood samples (5 mL) were collected prior to surgery. The CanPatrolTM CTC enrichment technique, a size-based isolation method, was used to detect the EMT CTCs. Clinical relevance of the CTCs was analyzed with Spearman’s rank correlation test. Models to predict pathological were built with multivariate logistic regression. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the curve (AUC) analysis were performed to evaluate the accuracy of the prediction model. Results CTCs were detected in 55% of all patients. The biophenotypic CTCs were most valuable and closely correlated with PSA, Gleason score, D’Amico risk classification, and pathological stage in localized PCa. The mesenchymal subtype was rare in this population but associated with seminal vesicle invasion, while the epithelial subtype had limited clinical significance. In addition, the biophenotypic CTCs combined with traditional clinical variables were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression to predict organ-confined disease before surgery, of which the AUC reached 0.818 and was superior to the Partin table 2017 in our cohort. Conclusion This study highlights the clinical impact of the biophenotypic CTCs in localized PCa, which was most closely related to clinical variables and could help to predict pathology outcomes before surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Liu
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Ding
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyuan Wu
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Qi
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
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14
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Cheng Y, Shen J, Yuan L, Yang Y, Shen X, Qian H, Yu L, Li R, Lv X, Yan T, Li Y, Wang L, Liu B. A novel device to capture circulating tumor cells: Quantification and molecular analysis in lung cancer patients. J Biomater Appl 2020; 35:49-58. [PMID: 32223499 DOI: 10.1177/0885328220914408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Here, we describe a novel microfilter device to capture circulating tumor cells in an efficient and low-cost manner. Then, we validated the safety and clinical utility of the novel microfilter device. We next performed mutation analysis from circulating tumor cells collected from lung cancer patients using this new device. Our results indicate that this microfilter system can be used to investigate the genome landscape of circulating tumor cells collected from lung cancer patients. Further, our results highlight a proof-of-concept demonstration indicating that circulating tumor cell can be used for mutation profiling during tumor evolution, therapy prediction, and monitoring, with immediate clinical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Cheng
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Shen
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Yuan
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Yang
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Shen
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hanqing Qian
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lixia Yu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rutian Li
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Lv
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Yan
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Li
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lifeng Wang
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Baorui Liu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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15
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Wark L, Quon H, Ong A, Drachenberg D, Rangel-Pozzo A, Mai S. Long-Term Dynamics of Three Dimensional Telomere Profiles in Circulating Tumor Cells in High-Risk Prostate Cancer Patients Undergoing Androgen-Deprivation and Radiation Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081165. [PMID: 31416141 PMCID: PMC6721586 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Patient-specific assessment, disease monitoring, and the development of an accurate early surrogate of the therapeutic efficacy of locally advanced prostate cancer still remain a clinical challenge. Contrary to prostate biopsies, circulating tumor cell (CTC) collection from blood is a less-invasive method and has potential as a real-time liquid biopsy and as a surrogate marker for treatment efficacy. In this study, we used size-based filtration to isolate CTCs from the blood of 100 prostate cancer patients with high-risk localized disease. CTCs from five time points: +0, +2, +6, +12 and +24 months were analyzed. Consenting treatment-naïve patients with cT3, Gleason 8-10, or prostate-specific antigen > 20 ng/mL and non-metastatic prostate cancer were included. For all time points, we performed 3D telomere-specific quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization on a minimum of thirty isolated CTCs. The patients were divided into five groups based on the changes of number of telomeres vs. telomere lengths over time and into three clusters based on all telomere parameters found on diagnosis. Group 2 was classified as non-respondent to treatment and the Cluster 3 presented more aggressive phenotype. Additionally, we compared our telomere results with the PSA levels for each patient at 6 months of ADT, at 6 months of completed RT, and at 36 months post-initial therapy. CTCs of patients with PSA levels above or equal to 0.1 ng/mL presented significant increases of nuclear volume, number of telomeres, and telomere aggregates. The 3D telomere analysis of CTCs identified disease heterogeneity among a clinically homogeneous group of patients, which suggests differences in therapeutic responses. Our finding suggests a new opportunity for better treatment monitoring of patients with localized high-risk prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Landon Wark
- Cell Biology, Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, University of Manitoba, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Harvey Quon
- Manitoba Prostate Center, Cancer Care Manitoba, Section of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Aldrich Ong
- Manitoba Prostate Center, Cancer Care Manitoba, Section of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Darrel Drachenberg
- Manitoba Prostate Center, Cancer Care Manitoba, Section of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Aline Rangel-Pozzo
- Cell Biology, Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, University of Manitoba, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada.
| | - Sabine Mai
- Cell Biology, Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, University of Manitoba, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada.
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16
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Green BJ, Nguyen V, Atenafu E, Weeber P, Duong BTV, Thiagalingam P, Labib M, Mohamadi RM, Hansen AR, Joshua AM, Kelley SO. Phenotypic Profiling of Circulating Tumor Cells in Metastatic Prostate Cancer Patients Using Nanoparticle-Mediated Ranking. Anal Chem 2019; 91:9348-9355. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brenda J. Green
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Vivian Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Eshetu Atenafu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Phillip Weeber
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Bill T. V. Duong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Punithan Thiagalingam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Mahmoud Labib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Reza M. Mohamadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Aaron R. Hansen
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Anthony M. Joshua
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C1, Canada
- Kinghorn Cancer Centre, St. Vincent’s Hospital Sydney, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Shana O. Kelley
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3M2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
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17
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Mandel PC, Huland H, Tiebel A, Haese A, Salomon G, Budäus L, Tilki D, Chun F, Heinzer H, Graefen M, Pantel K, Riethdorf S, Steuber T. Enumeration and Changes in Circulating Tumor Cells and Their Prognostic Value in Patients Undergoing Cytoreductive Radical Prostatectomy for Oligometastatic Prostate Cancer-Translational Research Results from the Prospective ProMPT trial. Eur Urol Focus 2019; 7:55-62. [PMID: 31178293 DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognostic value of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in patients with hormone-naïve oligometastatic prostate cancer (HNoMPC) undergoing cytoreductive radical prostatectomy (CRP) is unknown. OBJECTIVE To determine the pre- and postoperative prognostic value of CTC enumeration in patients undergoing CRP. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Thirty-three patients with HNoMPC from the prospective, single-arm ProMPT trial who underwent CRP between 2014 and 2015 at the Martini-Klinik were evaluated. Follow-up visits for all patients were conducted every 6 mo up to 36 mo after CRP and included serial detection of CTCs in 7.5 ml blood samples using the CellSearch system. INTERVENTION CRP. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS CTC enumerations before and after CRP, and their prognostic value on metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer-free survival and overall survival (OS) were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier plots and univariable Cox-regression analysis. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS Sixteen patients (48.5%) had positive CTCs prior to CRP. A CTC count of ≥2 before or 6 mo after CRP was a prognostic factor for worse oncologic outcome. Compared with other biomarkers (prostate-specific antigen, lactate dehydrogenase, and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase), the prognostic value of CTCs was highest using Harrell's C for OS (0.69), while the highest C-index could be achieved for a combination of conventional markers and CTC count (0.74). After progression to metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, CTC enumeration of ≥5 was prognostic for OS. The main limitation is the small sample size. CONCLUSIONS CTC enumeration contributes to prognostic information, which might help select HNoMPC patients who might benefit most from CRP. PATIENT SUMMARY In this report, we looked at the value of circulating tumor cell (CTC) determination in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy for oligometastatic prostate cancer. We could show that the number of CTCs was a prognostic factor at all analyzed time points and was more closely associated with prognosis than other biomarkers commonly used in daily clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp C Mandel
- Martini-Klinik Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Urology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Hartwig Huland
- Martini-Klinik Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anne Tiebel
- Martini-Klinik Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Haese
- Martini-Klinik Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Georg Salomon
- Martini-Klinik Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lars Budäus
- Martini-Klinik Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Derya Tilki
- Martini-Klinik Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Urology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Felix Chun
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Hans Heinzer
- Martini-Klinik Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Graefen
- Martini-Klinik Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Pantel
- Department of Tumour Biology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Riethdorf
- Department of Tumour Biology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Steuber
- Martini-Klinik Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Urology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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18
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Iehara T, Yagyu S, Gotoh T, Ouchi K, Yoshida H, Miyachi M, Kikuchi K, Sugimoto T, Hosoi H. A prospective evaluation of liquid biopsy for detecting MYCN amplification in neuroblastoma patients. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2019; 49:743-748. [DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyz063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Our previous study reported a method for determining MYCN gene amplification (MNA) status using cell-free DNA in serum. We prospectively analyzed the serum MNA status using sera obtained before the initial diagnosis from patients with neuroblastoma and evaluated the utility of this method.
Methods
Eighty patients were enrolled in the study. The serum MYCN/NAGK ratio was assessed for all cases.
Results
Fifteen cases showed serum MNA, while 65 did not. Of the 80 total patients, tumor samples for a genetic analysis were not obtained from 27 due to the patients’ condition or other reasons. For the 43 of 80 cases that had both serum and tumor samples analyzed, the serum-based MNA status matched to tumor-based MNA status (P < 0.001). The sensitivity and the specificity were 100%, respectively. Seven of 15 cases who diagnosed as MNA by serum-based MNA status were <18 months of age, and tumor samples were not obtained from 4 of these cases. Based on the serum MNA status, these cases were able to start treatment immediately. The 4-year event-free survival rates of cases with and without MNA in sera were 37.5% and 84.8%, respectively (P < 0.001).
Conclusion
The serum-based MNA status was useful for precisely predicting the MNA status in tumor and it has clinical benefits for predicting risk stratification in patients for whom obtaining tumor samples is difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Iehara
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Shigeki Yagyu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Takahiro Gotoh
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Ouchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hideki Yoshida
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Miyachi
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Ken Kikuchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Tohru Sugimoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hajime Hosoi
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
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19
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Esmaeilsabzali H, Payer RTM, Guo Y, Cox ME, Parameswaran AM, Beischlag TV, Park EJ. Development of a microfluidic platform for size-based hydrodynamic enrichment and PSMA-targeted immunomagnetic isolation of circulating tumour cells in prostate cancer. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2019; 13:014110. [PMID: 30867880 PMCID: PMC6404957 DOI: 10.1063/1.5064473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Efforts to further improve the clinical management of prostate cancer (PCa) are hindered by delays in diagnosis of tumours and treatment deficiencies, as well as inaccurate prognoses that lead to unnecessary or inefficient treatments. The quantitative and qualitative analysis of circulating tumour cells (CTCs) may address these issues and could facilitate the selection of effective treatment courses and the discovery of new therapeutic targets. Therefore, there is much interest in isolation of elusive CTCs from blood. We introduce a microfluidic platform composed of a multiorifice flow fractionation (MOFF) filter cascaded to an integrated microfluidic magnetic (IMM) chip. The MOFF filter is primarily employed to enrich immunomagnetically labeled blood samples by size-based hydrodynamic removal of free magnetic beads that must originally be added to samples at disproportionately high concentrations to ensure the efficient immunomagnetic labeling of target cancer cells. The IMM chip is then utilized to capture prostate-specific membrane antigen-immunomagnetically labeled cancer cells from enriched samples. Our preclinical studies showed that the proposed method can selectively capture up to 75% of blood-borne PCa cells at clinically-relevant low concentrations (as low as 5 cells/ml), with the IMM chip showing up to 100% magnetic capture capability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert T M Payer
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Yubin Guo
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Jack Bell Research Centre, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Michael E Cox
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Jack Bell Research Centre, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Ash M Parameswaran
- School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Timothy V Beischlag
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
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Skvortsov S, Skvortsova II, Tang DG, Dubrovska A. Concise Review: Prostate Cancer Stem Cells: Current Understanding. Stem Cells 2018; 36:1457-1474. [PMID: 29845679 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is heterogeneous, harboring phenotypically diverse cancer cell types. PCa cell heterogeneity is caused by genomic instability that leads to the clonal competition and evolution of the cancer genome and by epigenetic mechanisms that result in subclonal cellular differentiation. The process of tumor cell differentiation is initiated from a population of prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs) that possess many phenotypic and functional properties of normal stem cells. Since the initial reports on PCSCs in 2005, there has been much effort to elucidate their biological properties, including unique metabolic characteristics. In this Review, we discuss the current methods for PCSC enrichment and analysis, the hallmarks of PCSC metabolism, and the role of PCSCs in tumor progression. Stem Cells 2018;36:1457-1474.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergej Skvortsov
- Laboratory for Experimental and Translational Research on Radiation Oncology (EXTRO-Lab), Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.,Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ira-Ida Skvortsova
- Laboratory for Experimental and Translational Research on Radiation Oncology (EXTRO-Lab), Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.,Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dean G Tang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA.,Cancer Stem Cell Institute, Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Anna Dubrovska
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Jiang W, Wang H, Cui Y, Lei Y, Wang Y, Xu D, Jiang N, Chen Y, Sun Y, Zhang Y, Cao J, Ke Z. Polymer nanofiber-based microchips for EGFR mutation analysis of circulating tumor cells in lung adenocarcinoma. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:1633-1642. [PMID: 29588590 PMCID: PMC5862013 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s157154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) detection, an approach considered to be “liquid biopsy”, is a potential alternative method in clinical use for early diagnosis of solid tumor progression. Methods In this study, we developed a poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) – nanofiber (PN)-NanoVelcro chip as an efficient device for simple and rapid capture of CTCs from peripheral blood. We evaluated the device performance by assessing the capture efficiency and purity. Single CTC was isolated via laser microdissection system for subsequent genetic analysis, with an aim to find the concordance of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations between tumor tissue and CTCs. Results PN-NanoVelcro chip exhibits great performance in capture efficiency and high purity. The genetic analysis results showed that most EGFR mutation in tumor tissue could also be detected in CTCs. Conclusion Compared to computed tomography image results, CTC detection can be implemented throughout the course of diseases and provides an accurate and earlier diagnosis of tumor progression, which make it possible for patients to acquire suitable and timely treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Jiang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongmei Cui
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yiyan Lei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuefeng Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Di Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Jiang'an District, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Neng Jiang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yangshan Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Jessica Cao
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Zunfu Ke
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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22
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A phase 2 study of OSI-906 (linsitinib, an insulin-like growth factor receptor-1 inhibitor) in patients with asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic (non-opioid requiring) metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Invest New Drugs 2018; 36:451-457. [PMID: 29476383 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-018-0574-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background The inhibition of insulin-like growth factor receptor-1 (IGF-1R) induces cell cycle arrest and enhancing the effect of castration by delay of progression of human prostate cancer models. Linsitinib is a small molecule and potent dual inhibitor of IGF-1R and insulin receptor tyrosine kinase activity. We report results of a single-arm, phase II study evaluating the safety and efficacy of linsitinib in men with chemotherapy-naïve asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Methods Patients received at 150 mg orally twice daily on a 28-day cycle. The primary endpoint was prostate specific (PSA) response at 12 weeks and correlative studies included circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating endothelial cells (CECs). Results Seventeen patients, median age 68 (55-78) and pre-treatment PSA of 55.23 (2.46-277.60) were enrolled and completed 12 weeks of therapy. All but two patients discontinued therapy secondary to PSA progression, which met the predefined futility criteria and led to early termination of this study. Overall best response (RECIST v1.1) included a partial response in 1 patient and stable disease in 8 patients. Higher baseline CTCs were associated with higher pre-treatment PSA levels (Spearman r = 0.49, p = 0.04) but no correlation between PSA progression and CTCs/CECs were observed. Most common adverse events included fatigue, nausea/vomiting, AST/ALT changes and prolonged QT interval. Conclusions Single-agent linsitinib was safe and well tolerated but failed to show activity in men with mCRPC. These results highlight the complexity of using IGF-1R as a therapeutic target in this patient population. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01533246.
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Dreussi E, Ecca F, Scarabel L, Gagno S, Toffoli G. Immunogenetics of prostate cancer: a still unexplored field of study. Pharmacogenomics 2018; 19:263-283. [PMID: 29325503 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2017-0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system is a double-edged sword with regard to the prostate cancer (PCa) battle. Immunogenetics, the study of the potential role of immune-related polymorphisms, is taking its first steps in the treatment of this malignancy. This review summarizes the most recent papers addressing the potential of immunogenetics in PCa, reporting immune-related polymorphisms associated with tumor aggressiveness, treatment toxicity and patients' prognosis. With some peculiarities, RNASEL, IL-6, IL-10, IL-1β and MMP7 have arisen as the most significant biomarkers in PCa treatment and management, having a potential clinical role. Validation prospective clinical studies are required to translate immunogenetics into precision treatment of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Dreussi
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, 33081, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Ecca
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, 33081, Italy
| | - Lucia Scarabel
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, 33081, Italy
| | - Sara Gagno
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, 33081, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Toffoli
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, 33081, Italy
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Agrawal L, Engel KB, Greytak SR, Moore HM. Understanding preanalytical variables and their effects on clinical biomarkers of oncology and immunotherapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 52:26-38. [PMID: 29258857 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Identifying a suitable course of immunotherapy treatment for a given patient as well as monitoring treatment response is heavily reliant on biomarkers detected and quantified in blood and tissue biospecimens. Suboptimal or variable biospecimen collection, processing, and storage practices have the potential to alter clinically relevant biomarkers, including those used in cancer immunotherapy. In the present review, we summarize effects reported for immunologically relevant biomarkers and highlight preanalytical factors associated with specific analytical platforms and assays used to predict and gauge immunotherapy response. Given that many of the effects introduced by preanalytical variability are gene-, transcript-, and protein-specific, biospecimen practices should be standardized and validated for each biomarker and assay to ensure accurate results and facilitate clinical implementation of newly identified immunotherapy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokesh Agrawal
- Biorepositories and Biospecimen Research Branch (BBRB), Cancer Diagnosis Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Helen M Moore
- Biorepositories and Biospecimen Research Branch (BBRB), Cancer Diagnosis Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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Haga SB. Integrating pharmacogenetic testing into primary care. EXPERT REVIEW OF PRECISION MEDICINE AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT 2017; 2:327-336. [PMID: 31853504 DOI: 10.1080/23808993.2017.1398046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Pharmacogenetic (PGx) testing has greatly expanded due to enhanced understanding of the role of genes in drug response and advances in DNA-based testing technology development. As many primary care visits result in a prescription, the use of PGx testing may be particularly beneficial in this setting. However, integration of PGx testing may be limited as no uniform approach to delivery of tests has been established and providers are ill-prepared to integrate PGx testing into routine care. Areas covered In this paper, the readiness of primary care practitioners are reviewed as well as strategies to address these barriers based on published research and ongoing activities on education and implementation of PGx testing. Expert Commentary Widespread integration of PGx testing will warrant continued education and point-of-care decisional support. Primary care providers may also benefit from consultation services or team-based care with laboratory medicine specialists, pharmacists, and genetic counselors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne B Haga
- Center for Applied Genomics & Precision Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, 304 Research Drive, Durham, NC 27708, USA,
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