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Yi H, Liu L, Zhang J, Guo K, Cao Y, Sun P, Wang H. GALNT2 targeted by miR-139-5p promotes proliferation of clear cell renal cell carcinoma via inhibition of LATS2 activation. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:73. [PMID: 38478152 PMCID: PMC10937861 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-00930-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Polypeptide N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (GALNTs) are critical enzymes that initiate mucin type-O glycosylation, and are closely associated with the occurrence and development of multiple cancers. However, the significance of GALNT2 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) progression remains largely undetermined. Based on public multi-omics analysis, GALNT2 was strongly elevated in ccRCC versus adjoining nontumor tissues, and it displayed a relationship with poor overall survival (OS) of ccRCC patients. In addition, GALNT2 over-expression accelerated proliferation of renal cancer cell (RCC) lines. In contrast, GALNT2 knockdown using shRNAs suppressed cell proliferation, and this was rescued by LATS2 knockdown. Similarly, GALNT2 deficiency enhanced p-LATS2/LATS2 expression. LATS2 is activated by phosphorylation (p-LATS2) and, in turn, phosphorylate the downstream substrate protein YAP. Phosphorylated YAP (p-YAP) stimulated its degradation and cytoplasmic retention, as it was unable to translocate to the nucleus. This resulted in reduced cell proliferation. Subsequently, we explored the upstream miRNAs of GALNT2. Using dual luciferase reporter assay, we revealed that miR-139-5p interacted with the 3' UTR of GALNT2. Low miR-139-5p expression was associated with worse ccRCC patient outcome. Based on our experiments, miR-139-5p overexpression inhibited RCC proliferation, and this phenotype was rescued by GALNT2 overexpression. Given these evidences, the miR-139-5p-GALNT2-LATS2 axis is critical for RCC proliferation, and it is an excellent candidate for a new therapeutic target in ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haisheng Yi
- Department of Andrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Lingyun Liu
- Department of Andrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Jingshun Zhang
- Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Kaimin Guo
- Department of Andrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yin Cao
- Department of Andrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Penghao Sun
- Department of Andrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Hongliang Wang
- Department of Andrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
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2
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Soupir AC, Hayes MT, Peak TC, Ospina O, Chakiryan NH, Berglund AE, Stewart PA, Nguyen J, Segura CM, Francis NL, Echevarria PMR, Chahoud J, Li R, Tsai KY, Balasi JA, Peres YC, Dhillon J, Martinez LA, Gloria WE, Schurman N, Kim S, Gregory M, Mulé J, Fridley BL, Manley BJ. Increased spatial coupling of integrin and collagen IV in the immunoresistant clear cell renal cell carcinoma tumor microenvironment. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.16.567457. [PMID: 38014063 PMCID: PMC10680839 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.16.567457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Background Immunotherapy (IO) has improved survival for patients with advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), but resistance to therapy develops in most patients. We use cellular-resolution spatial transcriptomics in patients with IO naïve and IO exposed primary ccRCC tumors to better understand IO resistance. Spatial molecular imaging (SMI) was obtained for tumor and adjacent stroma samples. Spatial gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and autocorrelation (coupling with high expression) of ligand-receptor transcript pairs were assessed. Multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) validation was used for significant autocorrelative findings and the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) and the clinical proteomic tumor analysis consortium (CPTAC) databases were queried to assess bulk RNA expression and proteomic correlates. Results 21 patient samples underwent SMI. Viable tumors following IO harbored more stromal CD8+ T cells and neutrophils than IO naïve tumors. YES1 was significantly upregulated in IO exposed tumor cells. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition pathway was enriched on spatial GSEA and the associated transcript pair COL4A1 - ITGAV had significantly higher autocorrelation in the stroma. Fibroblasts, tumor cells, and endothelium had the relative highest expression. More integrin αV+ cells were seen in IO exposed stroma on mIF validation. Compared to other cancers in TCGA, ccRCC tumors have the highest expression of both COL4A1 and ITGAV . In CPTAC, collagen IV protein was more abundant in advanced stages of disease. Conclusions On spatial transcriptomics, COL4A1 and ITGAV were more autocorrelated in IO-exposed stroma compared to IO-naïve tumors, with high expression amongst fibroblasts, tumor cells, and endothelium. Integrin represents a potential therapeutic target in IO treated ccRCC.
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Kotulak-Chrzaszcz A, Kiezun J, Czajkowski M, Matuszewski M, Klacz J, Krazinski BE, Godlewski J, Kmiec Z, Wierzbicki PM. The immunoreactivity of GLI1 and VEGFA is a potential prognostic factor in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:1110. [PMID: 37964226 PMCID: PMC10647108 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11622-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) is the most common type of kidney cancer and its pathogenesis is strongly associated with VHL-HIF-VEGF signaling. SHH ligand is the upstream SHH pathway regulator, while GLI1 is its major effector that stimulates as a transcription factor, i.a. expression of VEGFA gene. The aim of present study was to assess the prognostic significance of SHH, GLI1 and VEGFA immunoreactivity in KIRC tissues. The analysis included paired tumor and normal samples from 34 patients with KIRC. The immunoreactivity of SHH, GLI1 and VEGFA proteins was determined by immunohistochemical (IHC) renal tissues staining. The IHC staining results were assessed using the immunoreactive score (IRS) method which takes into account the number of cells showing a positive reaction and the intensity of the reaction. Increased GLI1 protein immunoreactivity was observed in KIRC tissues, especially in early-stage tumors, according to the TNM classification. Elevated expression of the VEGFA protein was noted primarily in high-grade KIRC samples according to the Fuhrman/WHO/ISUP scale. Moreover, a directly proportional correlation was observed between SHH and VEGFA immunoreactivity in TNM 3 + 4 and Fuhrman/ISUP/WHO 3 + 4 tumor tissues as well as in samples of patients with shorter survival. We also observed an association between shorter patient survival as well as increased and decreased immunoreactivity, of the VEGFA and GLI1, respectively. The aforementioned findings suggest that the expression pattern of SHH, GLI1 and VEGFA demonstrates prognostic potential in KIRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kotulak-Chrzaszcz
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki Street, Gdansk, 80211, Poland.
| | - Jacek Kiezun
- Department of Human Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, 10082, Poland
| | - Mateusz Czajkowski
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, 80402, Poland
| | - Marcin Matuszewski
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, 80402, Poland
| | - Jakub Klacz
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, 80402, Poland
| | - Bartlomiej E Krazinski
- Department of Human Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, 10082, Poland
| | - Janusz Godlewski
- Department of Human Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, 10082, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Kmiec
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki Street, Gdansk, 80211, Poland
| | - Piotr M Wierzbicki
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki Street, Gdansk, 80211, Poland
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Park MA, Lee YH, Gu MJ. High TEAD4 Expression is Associated With Aggressive Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma, Regardless of YAP1 Expression. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2023; 31:649-656. [PMID: 37779294 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000001164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) and transcriptional coactivator TEA domain transcription factor 4 (TEAD4) are the main effectors of the Hippo signaling pathway. Deregulation of the Hippo signaling pathway significantly impacts tumorigenesis and tumor progression. We evaluated the mRNA expression level of YAP1 and TEAD4 using the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis database and investigated the roles of YAP1 and TEAD4 in 349 surgically resected clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) samples through immunohistochemical analysis. High YAP1 and TEAD4 expression were observed in 57 (16.3%) and 131 (37.5%) cases, respectively. High YAP1 expression was associated with a low nuclear grade only. High TEAD4 expression was significantly associated with large tumor size, high nuclear grade, lymphovascular invasion, advanced pT classification, advanced clinical stage, sarcomatous differentiation, and metastasis. CCRCC with YAP1-low/TEAD4-high expression was significantly associated with aggressive clinicopathological variables and poor outcomes. For CCRCC, higher tumor stage, sarcomatous differentiation, and metastasis were the independent prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). High TEAD4 expression was significantly associated with short OS and DFS but was not an independent prognostic factor. High TEAD4 and YAP1-low/TEAD4-high expression significantly correlated with adverse clinicopathological factors and worse OS and DFS in patients with CCRCC. YAP1 expression was not significantly associated with clinicopathological factors or patient survival. Therefore, TEAD4 plays a critical role in CCRCC tumor progression independent of YAP1 and may be a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for CCRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min A Park
- Department of Pathology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Nam-gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Bai ZY, Peng LS, Li RQ, Peng X, Yang Z. STK4 is a prognostic biomarker correlated with immune infiltrates in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:11286-11297. [PMID: 37870765 PMCID: PMC10637789 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mammalian STE20-like kinase 1 (MST1/STK4/KRS2) is a highly conserved serine/threonine kinase and a central member of the Hippo signaling pathway. STK4 has been reported to play important roles in various tumors, but a systematic and comprehensive study of its function in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) has not been conducted. METHODS In this study, we used immunohistochemistry (IHC), western blot (WB), quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) experiments, and bioinformatics analysis to comprehensively analyze the expression, prognostic value, and immune infiltration of STK4 in ccRCC. RESULTS Analysis of the TCGA database showed that the expression level of the STK4 gene in ccRCC patients depended on tumor stage, grade, and distant lymphatic metastasis. This was further confirmed by the results of IHC, WB, and qPCR. In addition, we used the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) to elucidate the diagnostic value of STK4 in ccRCC patients. According to the findings of the TIMER database, the high expression of STK4 is significantly associated with the survival of kidney cancer (including ccRCC) patients (p < 0.001), suggesting that STK4 is a reliable prognostic predictor. We then used gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) to explore the mechanisms behind STK4 function in ccRCC. We found that STK4 may play a role in immune regulation interactions. Subsequently, we performed immune infiltration analysis of STK4. The results showed that STK4 may regulate the development of ccRCC by affecting the immune infiltration of NK and pDC cells. CONCLUSIONS STK4 may be a prognostic marker for ccRCC and may help identify new strategies for treating ccRCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yuan Bai
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Lu-Shan Peng
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410031, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Run-Qi Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410031, Hunan, China
| | - Xianchu Peng
- School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410031, Hunan, China
| | - Zhe Yang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, China
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6
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Lv L, Zhou X. Targeting Hippo signaling in cancer: novel perspectives and therapeutic potential. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e375. [PMID: 37799806 PMCID: PMC10547939 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As highly conserved among diverse species, Hippo signaling pathway regulates various biological processes, including development, cell proliferation, stem cell function, tissue regeneration, homeostasis, and organ size. Studies in the last two decades have provided a good framework for how these fundamental functions of Hippo signaling are tightly regulated by a network with numerous intracellular and extracellular factors. The Hippo signaling pathway, when dysregulated, may lead to a wide variety of diseases, especially cancer. There is growing evidence demonstrating that dysregulated Hippo signaling is closely associated with tumorigenesis, cancer cell invasion, and migration, as well as drug resistance. Therefore, the Hippo pathway is considered an appealing therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer. Promising novel agents targeting the Hippo signaling pathway for cancers have recently emerged. These novel agents have shown antitumor activity in multiple cancer models and demonstrated therapeutic potential for cancer treatment. However, the detailed molecular basis of the Hippo signaling-driven tumor biology remains undefined. Our review summarizes current advances in understanding the mechanisms by which Hippo signaling drives tumorigenesis and confers drug resistance. We also propose strategies for future preclinical and clinical development to target this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liemei Lv
- Department of HematologyShandong Provincial HospitalShandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
| | - Xiangxiang Zhou
- Department of HematologyShandong Provincial HospitalShandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
- Department of HematologyShandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanShandongChina
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic DiseasesJinanShandongChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseasesthe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
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7
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Vitting-Seerup K. Most protein domains exist as variants with distinct functions across cells, tissues and diseases. NAR Genom Bioinform 2023; 5:lqad084. [PMID: 37745975 PMCID: PMC10516350 DOI: 10.1093/nargab/lqad084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein domains are the active subunits that provide proteins with specific functions through precise three-dimensional structures. Such domains facilitate most protein functions, including molecular interactions and signal transduction. Currently, these protein domains are described and analyzed as invariable molecular building blocks with fixed functions. Here, I show that most human protein domains exist as multiple distinct variants termed 'domain isotypes'. Domain isotypes are used in a cell, tissue and disease-specific manner and have surprisingly different 3D structures. Accordingly, domain isotypes, compared to each other, modulate or abolish the functionality of protein domains. These results challenge the current view of protein domains as invariable building blocks and have significant implications for both wet- and dry-lab workflows. The extensive use of protein domain isotypes within protein isoforms adds to the literature indicating we need to transition to an isoform-centric research paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristoffer Vitting-Seerup
- The Bioinformatics Section, Department of Health Technology, The Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Denmark
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8
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Xu T, Wei D, Yang Z, Xie S, Yan Z, Chen C, Hu W, Shi Z, Zhao Y, Cui M, Xu Z, Wang J. ApoM suppresses kidney renal clear cell carcinoma growth and metastasis via the Hippo-YAP signaling pathway. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 743:109642. [PMID: 37211224 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma is one of the most common malignancies worldwide, and kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) is the most common histopathological type of renal cell carcinoma. However, the mechanism of KIRC progression remains poorly understood. Apolipoprotein M (ApoM) is a plasma apolipoprotein and a member of the lipid transport protein superfamily. Lipid metabolism is essential for tumor progression, and its related proteins can be used as therapeutic targets for tumors. ApoM influences the development of several cancers, but its relationship with KIRC remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the biological function of ApoM in KIRC and to reveal its potential molecular mechanisms. We found that ApoM expression was significantly reduced in KIRC and was strongly correlated with patient prognosis. ApoM overexpression significantly inhibited KIRC cell proliferation in vitro, suppressed the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) of KIRC cells, and decreased their metastatic capacity. Additionally, the growth of KIRC cells was inhibited by ApoM overexpression in vivo. In addition, we found that overexpression of ApoM in KIRC attenuated Hippo-YAP protein expression and YAP stability and thus inhibited KIRC growth and progression. Therefore, ApoM may be a potential target for the treatment of KIRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xu
- Clinical Medical College, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, PR China; Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation and Nephrosis, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, PR China
| | - Dan Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, PR China
| | - Zhe Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation and Nephrosis, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, PR China
| | - Shanghuan Xie
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation and Nephrosis, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, PR China; Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Zhangbin Yan
- Clinical Medical College, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, PR China; Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation and Nephrosis, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, PR China
| | - Cong Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation and Nephrosis, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, PR China
| | - Wenxin Hu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation and Nephrosis, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, PR China
| | - Zhida Shi
- Reproductive Center, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, PR China
| | - Yihan Zhao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation and Nephrosis, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, PR China
| | - Minghu Cui
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation and Nephrosis, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, PR China; Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Zhipeng Xu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation and Nephrosis, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, PR China.
| | - Jianning Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation and Nephrosis, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, PR China.
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9
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Duong NX, Le M, Kondo T, Mitsui T. Heterogeneity of Hippo signalling activity in different histopathologic subtypes of renal cell carcinoma. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 27:66-75. [PMID: 36478130 PMCID: PMC9806300 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to reveal the prognostic role of the Hippo pathway in different histopathological subtypes of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The TCGA-KIRC (n = 537), TCGA-KIRP (n = 291) and TCGA-KICH (n = 113), which contain data about clear cell (ccRCC), papillary (pRCC) and chromophobe RCC (chRCC), respectively, were investigated. Gene Set Variation Analysis was used to compare the activity of many pathways within a single sample. Oncogenic pathway-related expression differed between cases of ccRCC involving low and high Hippo pathway activity. There were two subsets of ccRCC, in which the cancer exhibited lower and higher Hippo signalling activity, respectively, compared with normal tissue. In the ccRCC cohort, lower Hippo pathway activity was associated with a higher clinical stage (p < 0.001). The Hippo pathway (HR = 0.29; 95% CI = 0.17-0.50, p < 0.001), apoptosis (HR = 6.02; 95% CI = 1.47-24.61; p = 0.013) and the p53 pathway (HR = 0.09; 95% CI = 0.02-0.36; p < 0.001) were identified as independent prognostic factors for ccRCC. The 5-year overall survival of the ccRCC patients with low and high Hippo pathway activity were 51.9% (95% CI = 45.0-59.9) and 73.6% (95% CI = 67.8-79.9), respectively. In conclusion, the Hippo pathway plays an important role in the progression of ccRCC. Low Hippo pathway activity is associated with poor outcomes in ccRCC, indicating the tumour suppressor function of this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Xuong Duong
- Department of UrologyUniversity of Yamanashi Graduate School of Medical SciencesChuo‐cityJapan
| | - Minh‐Khang Le
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Yamanashi Graduate School of Medical SciencesChuo‐cityJapan
| | - Tetsuo Kondo
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Yamanashi Graduate School of Medical SciencesChuo‐cityJapan
| | - Takahiko Mitsui
- Department of UrologyUniversity of Yamanashi Graduate School of Medical SciencesChuo‐cityJapan
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10
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Sun Y, Jin D, Zhang Z, Jin D, Xue J, Duan L, Zhang Y, Kang X, Lian F. The critical role of the Hippo signaling pathway in kidney diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:988175. [PMID: 36483738 PMCID: PMC9723352 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.988175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hippo signaling pathway is involved in cell growth, proliferation, and apoptosis, and it plays a key role in regulating organ size, tissue regeneration, and tumor development. The Hippo signaling pathway also participates in the occurrence and development of various human diseases. Recently, many studies have shown that the Hippo pathway is closely related to renal diseases, including renal cancer, cystic kidney disease, diabetic nephropathy, and renal fibrosis, and it promotes the transformation of acute kidney disease to chronic kidney disease (CKD). The present paper summarizes and analyzes the research status of the Hippo signaling pathway in different kidney diseases, and it also summarizes the expression of Hippo signaling pathway components in pathological tissues of kidney diseases. In addition, the present paper discusses the positive therapeutic significance of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in regulating the Hippo signaling pathway for treating kidney diseases. This article introduces new targets and ideas for drug development, clinical diagnosis, and treatment of kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Sun
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - De Jin
- Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Jilin, China
| | - Di Jin
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Jilin, China
| | - JiaoJiao Xue
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Jilin, China
| | - LiYun Duan
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - YuQing Zhang
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - XiaoMin Kang
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - FengMei Lian
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Jilin, China
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11
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Hu X, Zhang Y, Yu H, Zhao Y, Sun X, Li Q, Wang Y. The role of YAP1 in survival prediction, immune modulation, and drug response: A pan-cancer perspective. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1012173. [PMID: 36479120 PMCID: PMC9719955 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1012173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dysregulation of the Hippo signaling pathway has been implicated in multiple pathologies, including cancer, and YAP1 is the major effector of the pathway. In this study, we assessed the role of YAP1 in prognostic value, immunomodulation, and drug response from a pan-cancer perspective. Methods We compared YAP1 expression between normal and cancerous tissues and among different pathologic stages survival analysis and gene set enrichment analysis were performed. Additionally, we performed correlation analyses of YAP1 expression with RNA modification-related gene expression, tumor mutation burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), immune checkpoint regulator expression, and infiltration of immune cells. Correlations between YAP1 expression and IC50s (half-maximal inhibitory concentrations) of drugs in the CellMiner database were calculated. Results We found that YAP1 was aberrantly expressed in various cancer types and regulated by its DNA methylation and post-transcriptional modifications, particularly m6A methylation. High expression of YAP1 was associated with poor survival outcomes in ACC, BLCA, LGG, LUAD, and PAAD. YAP1 expression was negatively correlated with the infiltration of CD8+ T lymphocytes, CD4+ Th1 cells, T follicular helper cells, NKT cells, and activated NK cells, and positively correlated with the infiltration of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in pan-cancer. Higher YAP1 expression showed upregulation of TGF-β signaling, Hedgehog signaling, and KRAS signaling. IC50s of FDA-approved chemotherapeutic drugs capable of inhibiting DNA synthesis, including teniposide, dacarbazine, and doxorubicin, as well as inhibitors of hypoxia-inducible factor, MCL-1, ribonucleotide reductase, and FASN in clinical trials were negatively correlated with YAP1 expression. Discussion In conclusion, YAP1 is aberrantly expressed in various cancer types and regulated by its DNA methylation and post-transcriptional modifications. High expression of YAP1 is associated with poor survival outcomes in certain cancer types. YAP1 may promote tumor progression through immunosuppression, particularly by suppressing the infiltration of CD8+ T lymphocytes, CD4+ Th1 cells, T follicular helper cells, NKT cells, and activated NK cells, as well as recruiting MDSCs and CAFs in pan-cancer. The tumor-promoting activity of YAP1 is attributed to the activation of TGF-β, Hedgehog, and KRAS signaling pathways. AZD2858 and varlitinib might be effective in cancer patients with high YAP1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingru Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiyang Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoting Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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12
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Ahmad US, Uttagomol J, Wan H. The Regulation of the Hippo Pathway by Intercellular Junction Proteins. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1792. [PMID: 36362947 PMCID: PMC9696951 DOI: 10.3390/life12111792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway is an evolutionarily conserved pathway that serves to promote cell death and differentiation while inhibiting cellular proliferation across species. The downstream effectors of this pathway, yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), are considered vital in promoting the output of the Hippo pathway, with activation of upstream kinases negatively regulating YAP/TAZ activity. The upstream regulation of the Hippo pathway is not entirely understood on a molecular level. However, several studies have shown that numerous cellular and non-cellular mechanisms such as cell polarity, contact inhibition, soluble factors, mechanical forces, and metabolism can convey external stimuli to the intracellular kinase cascade, promoting the activation of key components of the Hippo pathway and therefore regulating the subcellular localisation and protein activity of YAP/TAZ. This review will summarise what we have learnt about the role of intercellular junction-associated proteins in the activation of this pathway, including adherens junctions and tight junctions, and in particular our latest findings about the desmosomal components, including desmoglein-3 (DSG3), in the regulation of YAP signalling, phosphorylation, and subcellular translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usama Sharif Ahmad
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Jutamas Uttagomol
- Oral Diagnosis Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Hong Wan
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
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13
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Collins K, Hwang M, Antic T, Paintal A, Argani P, Matoso A, Gopinath A, Baskovich B, Mehra R, Williamson SR, Idrees MT, Barletta JA, Anderson WJ, Hirsch MS, Hornick JL, Acosta AM. Merlin Immunohistochemistry Is Useful in Diagnosis of Tumors within the Spectrum of Biphasic Hyalinizing Psammomatous Renal Cell Carcinoma. Histopathology 2022; 81:577-586. [DOI: 10.1111/his.14731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Collins
- The Department of Pathology of Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN USA
| | - Michael Hwang
- The Department of Pathology of Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN USA
| | - Tatjana Antic
- The Department of Pathology of The University of Chicago Chicago IL USA
| | - Ajit Paintal
- The Department of Pathology of NorthShore University HealthSystem Evanston IL USA
| | - Pedram Argani
- The Department of Pathology ofJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore USA
| | - Andres Matoso
- The Department of Pathology ofJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore USA
| | - Arun Gopinath
- The Department of Pathology of University of Florida College of Medicine Jacksonville Jacksonville FL USA
| | - Brett Baskovich
- The Department of Pathology of University of Florida College of Medicine Jacksonville Jacksonville FL USA
| | - Rohit Mehra
- The Department of Pathology of Michigan Medicine and University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
| | | | - Muhammad T. Idrees
- The Department of Pathology of Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN USA
| | - Justine A. Barletta
- The Department of Pathology of Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - William J. Anderson
- The Department of Pathology of Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Michelle S. Hirsch
- The Department of Pathology of Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Jason L. Hornick
- The Department of Pathology of Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Andres M. Acosta
- The Department of Pathology of Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
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14
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Hsu SC, Lin CY, Lin YY, Collins CC, Chen CL, Kung HJ. TEAD4 as an Oncogene and a Mitochondrial Modulator. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:890419. [PMID: 35602596 PMCID: PMC9117765 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.890419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
TEAD4 (TEA Domain Transcription Factor 4) is well recognized as the DNA-anchor protein of YAP transcription complex, which is modulated by Hippo, a highly conserved pathway in Metazoa that controls organ size through regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis. To acquire full transcriptional activity, TEAD4 requires co-activator, YAP (Yes-associated protein) or its homolog TAZ (transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif) the signaling hub that relays the extracellular stimuli to the transcription of target genes. Growing evidence suggests that TEAD4 also exerts its function in a YAP-independent manner through other signal pathways. Although TEAD4 plays an essential role in determining that differentiation fate of the blastocyst, it also promotes tumorigenesis by enhancing metastasis, cancer stemness, and drug resistance. Upregulation of TEAD4 has been reported in several cancers, including colon cancer, gastric cancer, breast cancer, and prostate cancer and serves as a valuable prognostic marker. Recent studies show that TEAD4, but not other members of the TEAD family, engages in regulating mitochondrial dynamics and cell metabolism by modulating the expression of mitochondrial- and nuclear-encoded electron transport chain genes. TEAD4’s functions including oncogenic activities are tightly controlled by its subcellular localization. As a predominantly nuclear protein, its cytoplasmic translocation is triggered by several signals, such as osmotic stress, cell confluency, and arginine availability. Intriguingly, TEAD4 is also localized in mitochondria, although the translocation mechanism remains unclear. In this report, we describe the current understanding of TEAD4 as an oncogene, epigenetic regulator and mitochondrial modulator. The contributing mechanisms will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Chieh Hsu
- Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Vancouver Prostate Centre and Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ching-Yu Lin
- Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Yi Lin
- Vancouver Prostate Centre and Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Colin C. Collins
- Vancouver Prostate Centre and Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Chia-Lin Chen
- Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Vancouver Prostate Centre and Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Chia-Lin Chen, ; Hsing-Jien Kung,
| | - Hsing-Jien Kung
- Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Chia-Lin Chen, ; Hsing-Jien Kung,
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15
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Chen X, Zhang X, Jiang Y, Zhang X, Liu M, Wang S, Liu S, Liang H, Liu C. YAP1 activation promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cell survival of renal cell carcinoma cells under shear stress. Carcinogenesis 2022; 43:301-310. [PMID: 35147702 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgac014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is characterized by substantial vasculatures and increased fluid movement in tumor microenvironment, and the fluid shear stress modulates malignance, extravasation and metastatic seeding of tumor cells. However, the precise mechanism remains largely unclear. In this study, we found that low shear stress induced the Yes-associated protein (YAP1) activation and nuclear localization in RCC cells, as well as the downregulation of phosphorylated YAP1 at Ser127. Moreover, inhibition of ROCK or RhoA partially abolished YAP1 accumulation in the nucleus, and targeting YAP1 activation by small molecular inhibitor or genetic manipulation decreased the low shear stress-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of RCC cells, and led to a decreased expression of N-cadherin as accompanied by downregulation of Snail1 and Twist, accompanied by high shear stress-induced cell apoptosis. Salvianolic acid B, an aqueous component of danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza), inhibited YAP1 and Hippo signaling activation, and abrogated low shear stress-induced EMT as a consequence. Taken together, our study suggests YAP1 is a fluid mechanosensor that transforms mechanical stimuli to cell signals, thereby facilitates anoikis resistance and tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Chen
- Department of Urology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Yitong Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Functional laboratory, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Min Liu
- Functional laboratory, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Shanna Wang
- Functional laboratory, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Shaoqiong Liu
- Functional laboratory, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Haiyan Liang
- Functional laboratory, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Chunhua Liu
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
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16
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LncRNAs in the Regulation of Genes and Signaling Pathways through miRNA-Mediated and Other Mechanisms in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011193. [PMID: 34681854 PMCID: PMC8539140 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The fundamental novelty in the pathogenesis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) was discovered as a result of the recent identification of the role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Here, we discuss several mechanisms for the dysregulation of the expression of protein-coding genes initiated by lncRNAs in the most common and aggressive type of kidney cancer-clear cell RCC (ccRCC). A model of competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) is considered, in which lncRNA acts on genes through the lncRNA/miRNA/mRNA axis. For the most studied oncogenic lncRNAs, such as HOTAIR, MALAT1, and TUG1, several regulatory axes were identified in ccRCC, demonstrating a number of sites for various miRNAs. Interestingly, the LINC00973/miR-7109/Siglec-15 axis represents a novel agent that can suppress the immune response in patients with ccRCC, serving as a valuable target in addition to the PD1/PD-L1 pathway. Other mechanisms of action of lncRNAs in ccRCC, involving direct binding with proteins, mRNAs, and genes/DNA, are also considered. Our review briefly highlights methods by which various mechanisms of action of lncRNAs were verified. We pay special attention to protein targets and signaling pathways with which lncRNAs are associated in ccRCC. Thus, these new data on the different mechanisms of lncRNA functioning provide a novel basis for understanding the pathogenesis of ccRCC and the identification of new prognostic markers and targets for therapy.
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17
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Xu L, Zhou J, Che J, Wang H, Yang W, Zhou W, Zhao H. Mitochondrial DNA enables AIM2 inflammasome activation and hepatocyte pyroptosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 320:G1034-G1044. [PMID: 33728991 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00431.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria damage exacerbates NAFLD through trigerring AIM2 inflammasome activation and hepatocyte pyroptosis. This study provides novel insights into the underlying mechanisms of mitochondrial DNA synthesis in NAFLD and also suggests potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Xu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobillary Surgery, Xuzhou City Cancer Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingyang Zhou
- Class 182, Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jinhui Che
- Department of Hepatopancreatobillary Surgery, Xuzhou City Cancer Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haihong Wang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobillary Surgery, Xuzhou City Cancer Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weizhong Yang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobillary Surgery, Xuzhou City Cancer Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wuyuan Zhou
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Xuzhou City Cancer Hospital, Gulou District, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongying Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Xuzhou City Cancer Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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18
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Wang X, Ou H, Zhou L, Liu H, Liu X, Zhang H. Long non-coding RNA LUCAT1 promotes the progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma via the microRNA-375/YAP1 axis. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:754. [PMID: 34035851 PMCID: PMC8135135 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a common renal cell carcinoma with a high mortality rate. Lung cancer-associated transcript 1 (LUCAT1) has been reported to be a potential biomarker of prognosis in human ccRCC. However, the underlying mechanism of the function of LUCAT1 in ccRCC remains poorly understood. The present study aimed to investigate the role and underlying mechanism of LUCAT1 in ccRCC. The expression level of LUCAT1, microRNA-375 (miR-375) and yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) in ccRCC tissues and cells was detected by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, and the protein level of YAP1 was detected by western blotting. The effects of LUCAT1 on cell proliferation, migration and invasion were analyzed using Cell Counting Kit-8 and Transwell assays. The association between miR-375 and LUCAT1 or miR-375 and YAP1 was predicted by lncBase Predicted v.2 or TargetScan and verified using dual-luciferase reporter assay. The effect of LUCAT1 on ccRCC progression in vivo was evaluated using a xenograft tumor model. The results revealed that LUCAT1 and YAP1 were upregulated and miR-375 was downregulated in ccRCC tissues and cells. LUCAT1 knockdown suppressed cell proliferation, migration and invasion, which were reversed by the inhibition of miR-375. In addition, YAP1 overexpression attenuated the inhibitory effects of miR-375 overexpression on cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Subsequent experiments suggested that LUCAT1 regulated YAP1 expression by sponging miR-375. Therefore, LUCAT1 exerted its role by regulating the miR-375/YAP1 axis in vitro. Moreover, LUCAT1 knockdown suppressed the growth of ccRCC xenograft tumors in vivo. These results collectively revealed that LUCAT1 promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of ccRCC by the upregulation of YAP1 via sponging miR-375, which may be used as a potential therapeutic target for ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Wang
- Department of Oncology, Chenzhou No. 1 People's Hospital, Chenzhou, Hunan 423000, P.R. China
| | - Hui Ou
- Department of Oncology, Chenzhou No. 1 People's Hospital, Chenzhou, Hunan 423000, P.R. China
| | - Liangfen Zhou
- Department of Neonatology, Chenzhou No. 1 People's Hospital, Chenzhou, Hunan 423000, P.R. China
| | - Hengyu Liu
- Department of Oncology, Chenzhou No. 1 People's Hospital, Chenzhou, Hunan 423000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobao Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Second People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Chenzhou, Hunan 423000, P.R. China
| | - Huiyun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Chenzhou No. 1 People's Hospital, Chenzhou, Hunan 423000, P.R. China
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19
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Kumar B, Ahmad R, Giannico GA, Zent R, Talmon GA, Harris RC, Clark PE, Lokeshwar V, Dhawan P, Singh AB. Claudin-2 inhibits renal clear cell carcinoma progression by inhibiting YAP-activation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:77. [PMID: 33622361 PMCID: PMC7901196 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-01870-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Claudin-2 expression is upregulated in multiple cancers and promotes cancer malignancy. Remarkably, the regulation of claudin-2 expression in kidney cell lines contrasts its reported regulation in other organs. However, claudin-2 role in renal clear cell carcinoma (RCC) remains unknown despite its predominant expression in the proximal tubular epithelium (PTE), the site of RCC origin. Methods Publicly available and independent patient databases were examined for claudin-2 association with RCC. The novel protein function was validated in vitro and in vivo by gain or loss of function assays. Mechanistic results were concluded by Mass spectroscopy, immunoprecipitation and mutational studies, and functional evaluations. Results We show that the significant decrease in claudin-2 expression characterized PTE cells and Ex-vivo cultured mouse kidney subjected to dedifferentiation. Inhibition of claudin-2 was enough to induce mesenchymal plasticity and invasive mobility in these models. Further, a progressive loss of claudin-2 expression associated with the RCC progression and poor patient survival. Overexpression of claudin-2 in RCC-derived cancer cells inhibited tumorigenic abilities and xenograft tumor growth. These data supported a novel tumor-suppressive role of claudin-2 in RCC. Mechanistic insights further revealed that claudin-2 associates with YAP-protein and modulates its phosphorylation (S127) and nuclear expression. The tumor suppressive effects of claudin-2 expression were lost upon deletion of its PDZ-binding motif emphasizing the critical role of the PDZ-domain in claudin-2 interaction with YAP in regulating RCC malignancy. Conclusions Our results demonstrate a novel kidney specific tumor suppressive role for claudin-2 protein and further demonstrate that claudin-2 co-operates with the YAP signaling in regulating the RCC malignancy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-021-01870-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balawant Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
| | - Rizwan Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
| | - Giovanna A Giannico
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Roy Zent
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Geoffrey A Talmon
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Raymond C Harris
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Vinata Lokeshwar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Punita Dhawan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA.,Member, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA.,VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Amar B Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA. .,Member, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA. .,VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA.
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20
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Xu S, Zhang H, Liu T, Wang Z, Yang W, Hou T, Wang X, He D, Zheng P. 6-Gingerol suppresses tumor cell metastasis by increasing YAP ser127 phosphorylation in renal cell carcinoma. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22609. [PMID: 32926756 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, the incidence and mortality rates of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are rapidly increasing worldwide. Serious side effects caused by immune therapy and resistance to targeted drug therapy are urgent clinical problems facing kidney treatment. There is increasing global interest in developing natural products with a reduced number of side effects as adjunctive therapeutic options for RCC. Ginger is a spice and herbal remedy used worldwide, and 6-gingerol is a major pharmacologically active ingredient in ginger. In our study, we found that 6-gingerol suppressed RCC cell migration and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, reduction in MMP2, Slug, and Vimentin protein levels was observed following 6-gingerol treatment of 786-O and ACHN cells. Furthermore, we revealed the mechanisms underlying the ability of 6-gingerol to inhibit RCC cell migration and metastasis. 6-Gingerol increased yes-associated protein (YAP)ser127 phosphorylation and reduced YAP levels in cell nuclei. We also used a series of loss-of-function and gain-of-function experiments to support our results. Western blot results showed that MMP2, Slug, and Vimentin protein expression was downregulated in YAP-silenced cells and upregulated in YAP-overexpressing cells. Transwell data demonstrated that YAP suppressed RCC migration ability. Immunofluorescence images showed that 6-gingerol decreased YAP levels, leading to disordered F-actin and a reduction in cell lamellipodia. Overall, our results indicated that 6-gingerol is a potential antimetastatic compound for use in kidney therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Xu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Xi'an Jiaotong university, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haibao Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Xi'an Jiaotong university, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tianjie Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Xi'an Jiaotong university, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zixi Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Xi'an Jiaotong university, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenjie Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Xi'an Jiaotong university, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tao Hou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Xi'an Jiaotong university, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinyang Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Xi'an Jiaotong university, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dalin He
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Xi'an Jiaotong university, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pengsheng Zheng
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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21
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Samji P, Rajendran MK, Warrier VP, Ganesh A, Devarajan K. Regulation of Hippo signaling pathway in cancer: A MicroRNA perspective. Cell Signal 2020; 78:109858. [PMID: 33253912 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that Hippo signaling is not only involved in controlling organ size in Drosophila but can also regulate cell proliferation, tissue homeostasis, differentiation, apoptosis and regeneration. Any dysregulation of Hippo signaling, especially the hyper activation of its downstream effectors YAP/TAZ, can lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation and malignant transformation. In majority of cancers, expression of YAP/TAZ is extremely high and this increased expression of YAP/TAZ has been shown to be an independent predictor of prognosis and indicator of increased cell proliferation, metastasis and poor survival. In this review, we have summarized the most recent findings about the cross talk of Hippo signaling pathway with other signaling pathways and its regulation by different miRNAs in various cancer types. Recent evidence has suggested that Hippo pathway is also involved in mediating the resistance of different cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs and in a few cancer types, this is brought about by regulating miRNAs. Therefore, the delineation of the underlying mechanisms regulating the chemotherapeutic resistance might help in developing better treatment options. This review has attempted to provide an overview of different drugs/options which can be utilized to target oncogenic YAP/TAZ proteins for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Samji
- Cancer Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, IIT Madras, Chennai, India.
| | - Manoj K Rajendran
- Cancer Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, IIT Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Vidya P Warrier
- Cancer Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, IIT Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Akshayaa Ganesh
- Cancer Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, IIT Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Karunagaran Devarajan
- Cancer Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, IIT Madras, Chennai, India
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22
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Thompson BJ. YAP/TAZ: Drivers of Tumor Growth, Metastasis, and Resistance to Therapy. Bioessays 2020; 42:e1900162. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.201900162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Barry J. Thompson
- EMBL AustraliaJohn Curtin School of Medical ResearchThe Australian National University 131 Garran Rd, Acton 2602 Canberra ACT Australia
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23
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Wu Y, Hou Y, Xu P, Deng Y, Liu K, Wang M, Tian T, Dai C, Li N, Hao Q, Song D, Zhou LH, Dai Z. The prognostic value of YAP1 on clinical outcomes in human cancers. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:8681-8700. [PMID: 31613226 PMCID: PMC6814621 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: As an important downstream factor in the Hippo pathway, yes-associated protein 1(YAP1) has been detected to be elevated in various cancers and demonstrated to play a role in tumor development. Therefore, we evaluated by a meta-analysis the prognostic value of YAP1 in cancer patients. Results: Sixty-eight studies with 8631 patients were identified. The results indicated that YAP1 overexpression predicted unfavorable patient prognosis in studies with overall survival (OS) (HR=1.76, 95%CI: 1.50-2.06, p<0.001) and disease-free survival (DFS) (HR=1.39, 95%CI: 1.22-1.59, p<0.001), as well as in studies with recurrence-free survival (RFS) (HR=2.38, 95%CI: 1.73-3.27, p<0.001), and disease-specific survival (DSS) (HR=2.04, 95%CI: 1.55-2.70, p<0.001). Meanwhile, YAP1 overexpression was also observed to be significantly associated with worse OS in GEPIA (HR=1.2, p<0.001). Conclusions: Overexpression of YAP1 showed great association with poorer prognosis in patients with various cancers, particularly liver cancer. Therefore, YAP1 might be an important prognostic marker and a novel target of cancer therapy. Methods: We searched for potential publications in several online databases and retrieved relevant data. Overall and subgroup analyses were performed. Begg’s and Egger’s tests were used to assess publication bias. Online dataset GEPIA was used to generate the survival curves and verify the prognostic role of YAP1 in patients with tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanshen Hou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The 3rd Affiliated Teaching Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University (Affiliated Tumor Hospital), Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Oncology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yujiao Deng
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Oncology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Oncology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Cong Dai
- Department of Oncology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qian Hao
- Department of Oncology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dingli Song
- Department of Oncology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ling Hui Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhijun Dai
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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24
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Yin L, Li W, Wang G, Shi H, Wang K, Yang H, Peng B. NR1B2 suppress kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) progression by regulation of LATS 1/2-YAP signaling. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:343. [PMID: 31391070 PMCID: PMC6686564 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1344-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma (KIRC) accounts for 75% of all renal cancers. Previous study had conflict evidences regarding NR1B2 role in cancer, and its expression and biological role in KIRC remained unclear. Our aims were to characterize the role of NR1B2 in KIRC. METHODS NR1B2 expression in TCGA database were analyzed. Clinical KIRC samples were examined by RT-PCR, western blot and tissue microarray (TMA). The relationship between NR1B2 expression and the clinical characteristics were evaluated. KIRC cell line were stably overexpressed NR1B2 or with an NR1B2 knocked down using lentivirus system. The cells were analyzed by migration and invasion assay, then injected into nude mice to assess tumor growth and metastasis. EMT marker expression and LATS 1/2-YAP pathway demonstration were detected by the TCGA database and western blot. RESULTS The expression of NR1B2 in KIRC was significantly down-regulated in the TCGA database and our clinical samples. Moreover, NR1B2 expression negatively correlated with tumor stage and positively correlated with overall and disease-free survival rate. Univariate and multivariate analyses indicated the expression level of NR1B2 could be used as an independent factor for predicting the prognosis of KIRC. Overexpression NR1B2 significantly inhibited and knockdown NR1B2 markedly promoted KIRC cell invasion and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic investigations revealed that NR1B2 might be a tumor suppressor to inhibit EMT through the LATS1/2-YAP pathway. CONCLUSIONS our results defined NR1B2 as a tumor suppressor in KIRC that restricted EMT by the LATS1/2-YAP pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yin
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine in Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjia Li
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangchun Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine in Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Heng Shi
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine in Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Keyi Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine in Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital,Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Bo Peng
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine in Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
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25
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Wierzbicki PM, Klacz J, Kotulak-Chrzaszcz A, Wronska A, Stanislawowski M, Rybarczyk A, Ludziejewska A, Kmiec Z, Matuszewski M. Prognostic significance of VHL, HIF1A, HIF2A, VEGFA and p53 expression in patients with clear‑cell renal cell carcinoma treated with sunitinib as first‑line treatment. Int J Oncol 2019; 55:371-390. [PMID: 31268155 PMCID: PMC6615924 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common subtype of renal cell cancer, characterized by the highest mortality rate among other RCC subtypes due to the occurrence of metastasis and drug resistance following surgery. The Von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor (VHL)-hypoxia-inducible factor 1 subunit α (HIF1A)/hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (HIF2A)-vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) protein axis is involved in the development and progression of ccRCC, whereas sunitinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, blocks the binding of VEGFA to its receptor. The aim of the present study was to examine the possible association of the gene expression of VHL, HIF1A, HIF2A, VEGFA and tumor protein P53 (P53) in cancer tissue with the outcome of ccRCC patients who were treated with sunitinib as first-line therapy following nephrec-tomy. A total of 36 ccRCC patients were enrolled, 11 of whom were administered sunitinib post-operatively. Tumor and control samples were collected, and mRNA and protein levels were assessed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis, respectively. High mRNA and protein expression levels of HIF2A and VEGFA were found to be associated with shorter overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) rates, as well as with unfavorable risk factors of cancer recurrence and mortality. Resistance to sunitinib was also observed; the OS and PFS rates were shorter (median OS and PFS: 12 and 6 months, respectively, vs. undetermined). Sunitinib resistance was associated with high HIF2A and VEGFA protein levels (b=0.57 and b=0.69 for OS and PFS, respectively; P<0.001). Taken together, the findings of this study suggest that the protein levels of HIF2A and VEGFA in tumor tissue may serve as independent prognostic factors in ccRCC. ccRCC patients with increased intratumoral HIF2A and VEGFA protein levels, and unaltered VHL protein levels, are not likely to benefit from sunitinib treatment following nephrectomy; however, this hypothesis requires verification by large-scale replication studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr M Wierzbicki
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jakub Klacz
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80402 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna Kotulak-Chrzaszcz
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Agata Wronska
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marcin Stanislawowski
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Rybarczyk
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80211 Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Zbigniew Kmiec
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marcin Matuszewski
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80402 Gdansk, Poland
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YAP/TAZ Signaling as a Molecular Link between Fibrosis and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113674. [PMID: 30463366 PMCID: PMC6274979 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue fibrosis is a pathological condition that is associated with impaired epithelial repair and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM). Fibrotic lesions increase the risk of cancer in various tissues, but the mechanism linking fibrosis and cancer is unclear. Yes-associated protein (YAP) and the transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) are core components of the Hippo pathway, which have multiple biological functions in the development, homeostasis, and regeneration of tissues and organs. YAP/TAZ act as sensors of the structural and mechanical features of the cell microenvironment. Recent studies have shown aberrant YAP/TAZ activation in both fibrosis and cancer in animal models and human tissues. In fibroblasts, ECM stiffness mechanoactivates YAP/TAZ, which promote the production of profibrotic mediators and ECM proteins. This results in tissue stiffness, thus establishing a feed-forward loop of fibroblast activation and tissue fibrosis. In contrast, in epithelial cells, YAP/TAZ are activated by the disruption of cell polarity and increased ECM stiffness in fibrotic tissues, which promotes the proliferation and survival of epithelial cells. YAP/TAZ are also involved in the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), which contributes to tumor progression and cancer stemness. Importantly, the crosstalk with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling and Wnt signaling is essential for the profibrotic and tumorigenic roles of YAP/TAZ. In this article, we review the latest advances in the pathobiological roles of YAP/TAZ signaling and their function as a molecular link between fibrosis and cancer.
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27
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The Immunoexpression of YAP1 and LATS1 Proteins in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: Impact on Patients' Survival. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:2653623. [PMID: 29850494 PMCID: PMC5903336 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2653623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine by immunohistochemistry cellular localization and immunoreactivity levels of YAP1 and LATS1 proteins in paired sections of tumor and unchanged renal tissues of 54 clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) patients. Associations between clinical-pathological and overall survival (OS; median follow-up was 40.6 months) data of patients and YAP1 and LATS1 immunoreactivity were analyzed by uni- and multivariate Cox regression model and log-rank test. YAP1 immunoreactivity was found in the nuclei of tumor cells in 64.8% of ccRCC patients, whereas only 24.1% of tumors revealed cytoplasmic YAP1 expression. LATS1 immunoexpression was observed only in the cytoplasm of tumor cells in 59.3% of patients. LATS1 immunoreactivity in cancer cells negatively correlated with the size of primary tumor. The overall YAP1 immunoreactivity did not correlate with clinical-pathological data of patients. However, the subgroup of ccRCC patients who presented with cytoplasmic YAP1 immunoexpression had significantly shorter OS (median = 26.8 months) than patients without cytoplasmic YAP1 expression (median undefined). Multivariate Cox analysis revealed that increased cytoplasmic YAP1 (HR = 4.53) and decreased LATS1 immunoreactivity levels (HR = 0.90) were associated with worse prognosis, being independent prognostic factors. These results suggest that YAP1 and LATS1 can be considered as new prognostic factors in ccRCC.
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