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Mousa H, Thanassoulas A, Zughaier SM. ApoM binds endotoxin contributing to neutralization and clearance by High Density Lipoprotein. Biochem Biophys Rep 2023; 34:101445. [PMID: 36915826 PMCID: PMC10006442 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2023.101445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background HDL possesses anti-inflammatory properties, however, the exact mechanism is not fully understood. Endotoxin is a potent inducers of TLR4 signaling, leading to inflammatory mediators' release. It has been estimated that TLR4 recognizes about 5% of circulating lipopolysaccharide whereas 95% is cleared by plasma lipoproteins, mainly HDL. ApoM is required for HDL biogenesis and 95% of plasma ApoM is found associated with HDL, both are significantly reduced during sepsis. Aim The aim of this study is to investigate whether ApoM binds endotoxin and contributes to anti-inflammatory activity of HDL. Methods Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC) was used to determine the binding of ultrapure E. coli LPS to the recombinant ApoM protein. Purified human HDL and recombinant ApoM was used to investigate LPS neutralization using human and murine macrophages and computational simulation was performed. Result ApoM shows high affinity for E. coli LPS, forming 1:1 complexes with Kd values below 1 μΜ, as revealed by ITC. The binding process is strongly exothermic and enthalpy-driven (ΔrH = -36.5 kJ/mol), implying the formation of an extensive network of interactions between ApoM and LPS in the bound state. Computational simulation also predicted high-affinity binding between ApoM and E. coli LPS and the best scoring models showed E. coli LPS docking near the calyx of ApoM without blocking the pocket. The biological significance of this interaction was further demonstrated in macrophages where purified HDL neutralized an E. coli LPS effect and significantly reduced TNFα release from human THP-1 cells. Conclusion ApoM binds LPS to facilitate endotoxin neutralization and clearance by HDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa Mousa
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Angelos Thanassoulas
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Susu M Zughaier
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
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Xu T, Wei D, Yang Z, Xie S, Yan Z, Chen C, Hu W, Shi Z, Zhao Y, Cui M, Xu Z, Wang J. ApoM suppresses kidney renal clear cell carcinoma growth and metastasis via the Hippo-YAP signaling pathway. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 743:109642. [PMID: 37211224 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma is one of the most common malignancies worldwide, and kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) is the most common histopathological type of renal cell carcinoma. However, the mechanism of KIRC progression remains poorly understood. Apolipoprotein M (ApoM) is a plasma apolipoprotein and a member of the lipid transport protein superfamily. Lipid metabolism is essential for tumor progression, and its related proteins can be used as therapeutic targets for tumors. ApoM influences the development of several cancers, but its relationship with KIRC remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the biological function of ApoM in KIRC and to reveal its potential molecular mechanisms. We found that ApoM expression was significantly reduced in KIRC and was strongly correlated with patient prognosis. ApoM overexpression significantly inhibited KIRC cell proliferation in vitro, suppressed the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) of KIRC cells, and decreased their metastatic capacity. Additionally, the growth of KIRC cells was inhibited by ApoM overexpression in vivo. In addition, we found that overexpression of ApoM in KIRC attenuated Hippo-YAP protein expression and YAP stability and thus inhibited KIRC growth and progression. Therefore, ApoM may be a potential target for the treatment of KIRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xu
- Clinical Medical College, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, PR China; Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation and Nephrosis, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, PR China
| | - Dan Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, PR China
| | - Zhe Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation and Nephrosis, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, PR China
| | - Shanghuan Xie
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation and Nephrosis, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, PR China; Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Zhangbin Yan
- Clinical Medical College, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, PR China; Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation and Nephrosis, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, PR China
| | - Cong Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation and Nephrosis, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, PR China
| | - Wenxin Hu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation and Nephrosis, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, PR China
| | - Zhida Shi
- Reproductive Center, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, PR China
| | - Yihan Zhao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation and Nephrosis, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, PR China
| | - Minghu Cui
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation and Nephrosis, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, PR China; Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Zhipeng Xu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation and Nephrosis, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, PR China.
| | - Jianning Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation and Nephrosis, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, PR China.
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Blachnio-Zabielska A, Hajduch E, Le Stunff H. Editorial: The Role of Sphingolipid Metabolism in the Development of Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:835751. [PMID: 35069458 PMCID: PMC8777266 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.835751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric Hajduch
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Hervé Le Stunff
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 9197, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
- *Correspondence: Hervé Le Stunff,
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Fan Y, Chen J, Liu D, Li W, Wang H, Huang Y, Gao C. HDL-S1P protects endothelial function and reduces lung injury during sepsis in vivo and in vitro. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 126:105819. [PMID: 32750426 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2020.105819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In sepsis, the protection of the vascular endothelium is essential and the maintenance of its function is critical to prevent further deterioration. High-density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lipid in plasma and its role in sepsis has not been extensively studied. This study aimed to investigate the effects of HDL-S1P on sepsis in cellular and animal models, as well as human plasma samples. MEASUREMENTS We established an animal model of sepsis with different severities achieved by caecal ligation and puncture (CLP) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection, and then explored the relationship between HDL-S1P and lung endothelial dysfunction in vivo. To determine the effects of HDL-S1P in the pulmonary endothelium of septic rats, we then injected HDL-S1P into septic rats to find out if it can reduce the lung injury caused by sepsis. Further, we explored the mechanism in vitro by studying the role of S1P-specific receptor agonists and inhibitors in LPS-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells. We also explored the relationship between plasma HDL-S1P content and sepsis severity in septic patients by analysing their plasma samples. RESULTS HDL-S1P concentrations in plasma were negatively correlated with endothelial functional damage in sepsis, both in the animal model and in the septic patients in our study. In vivo, HDL-S1P injection significantly reduced pulmonary oedema and endothelial leakage in septic rats. In vitro, cell experiments showed that HDL-S1P effectively protected the proliferation and migration abilities of endothelial cells, which could be partly explained by its biased activation of the S1P receptor 1. CONCLUSION Our study preliminary explored the function of HDL-S1P in sepsis in cellular and animal models, as well as human subjects. The results indicate HDL-S1P protected endothelial functions in septic patients. Thus, it has therapeutic potential and can be used for the clinical treatment of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- YiWen Fan
- Department of Emergency, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - JiaMeng Chen
- Department of Emergency, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Emergency, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - WenJie Li
- Department of Emergency, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - HuiQi Wang
- Department of Emergency, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - YingYing Huang
- Department of Emergency, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - ChengJin Gao
- Department of Emergency, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Yang L, Li T. LncRNA TUG1 regulates ApoM to promote atherosclerosis progression through miR-92a/FXR1 axis. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:8836-8848. [PMID: 32597038 PMCID: PMC7412710 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to explore the possible mechanism of TUG1 regulating ApoM in AS. To this end, expression levels of TUG1 and ApoM were measured in high fat dieted C57BL/6J mice, normal dieted C57BL/6J mice, ob/ob mice and db/db mice. LV‐TUG1 or sh‐TUG1 was injected into C57BL/6J mice before isolating peritoneal macrophages to measure cholesterol efflux (CE) and expression levels of ABCA1, ABCG1 and SR‐BI. Meanwhile, CE in RAW264.7 cells was also measured after cell transfection. Dual luciferase reporter assay and anti‐AGO2 RIP were applied to verify the relationship among TUG1, FXR1 and miR‐92a. Total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterin (LDL‐C), high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) as well as expressions of inflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α, IL‐1β and IL‐6) in plasma were measured. Knock‐down or expressed TUG1, FXR1 or miR‐92a in NCTC 1469 cells or in ApoE−/− AS mice to determine the alteration on ApoM and plaque size. TUG1 was highly expressed while ApoM was down‐regulated in high fat dieted C57BL/6J mice, b/ob and db/db mice. Overexpression of TUG1 could reduce the expression of ApoM, ABCA1 and ABCG1 in addition to slowing down CE rate. Reversed expression pattern was found in cells with knock‐down of TUG1. TUG1 can compete with FXR1 to bind miR‐92a. FXR1 negatively target ApoM. Overexpression of TUG1 in ApoE−/− mice can increase plaque size and enhance macrophage contents accordingly. TUG1 can inhibit ApoM in both liver tissues and plasma to inhibit CE through regulating miR‐92a/ FXR1 axis. TUG1 is a promising target for AS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- International Medical Center, Geriatric Department, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tie Li
- Department of Cardiology, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha, China
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Cai H, Yao W, Huang J, Xiao J, Chen W, Hu L, Mai R, Liang M, Chen D, Jiang N, Zhou L, Peng T. Apolipoprotein M, identified as a novel hepatitis C virus (HCV) particle associated protein, contributes to HCV assembly and interacts with E2 protein. Antiviral Res 2020; 177:104756. [PMID: 32119870 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major cause of chronic liver diseases such as steatosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. HCV particles have been found to associate with apolipoproteins, and apolipoproteins not only participate in the HCV life cycle, but also help HCV escape recognition by the host immune system, which pose challenges for the development of both HCV treatments and vaccines. However, no study has reported on the comprehensive identification of apolipoprotein associations with HCV particles. In the present study, we performed proteome analysis by affinity purification coupled with mass spectrometry (AP-MS) to comprehensively identify the apolipoprotein associations with HCV particles, and ApoM was first identified by AP-MS besides the previously reported ApoE, ApoB, ApoA-I and ApoC-I. Additionally, three assays further confirmed that ApoM was a novel virus particle associated protein. We also showed that ApoM was required for HCV production, especially for the assembly/release step of HCV life cycle. Furthermore, ApoM interacted with the HCV E2 protein. Finally, HCV infection reduced ApoM expression both in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, our study demonstrates that ApoM, identified as a novel HCV particle associated protein, contributes to HCV assembly/release and interacts with HCV E2 protein. It provides new insights on how HCV and the host apolipoproteins are reciprocally influenced and lays a basis for research in developing innovative antiviral strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Cai
- Guangzhou Hoffmann Institute of Immunology, College of Basic Sciences, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenxia Yao
- Guangzhou Hoffmann Institute of Immunology, College of Basic Sciences, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jingxian Huang
- Guangzhou Hoffmann Institute of Immunology, College of Basic Sciences, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Guangzhou Hoffmann Institute of Immunology, College of Basic Sciences, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenli Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Longbo Hu
- Guangzhou Hoffmann Institute of Immunology, College of Basic Sciences, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Runming Mai
- Guangzhou Hoffmann Institute of Immunology, College of Basic Sciences, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengdi Liang
- Guangzhou Hoffmann Institute of Immunology, College of Basic Sciences, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Di Chen
- Guangzhou Hoffmann Institute of Immunology, College of Basic Sciences, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhou
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Peng
- Guangzhou Hoffmann Institute of Immunology, College of Basic Sciences, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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7
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Liu Y, Tie L. Apolipoprotein M and sphingosine-1-phosphate complex alleviates TNF-α-induced endothelial cell injury and inflammation through PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2019; 19:279. [PMID: 31791242 PMCID: PMC6889454 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-019-1263-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In spite of the important role of Apolipoprotein-M (ApoM) and Sphingosine-1-Phosphate (S1P) played in atherosclerosis (AS), there was few related research reporting ApoM and S1P complex (ApoM-S1P) on biological activities of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In this study, we explored the effect and mechanism of ApoM-S1P on TNF-α-induced inflammation in HUVECs. Methods TNF-α was utilized to induce HUVEC injury and inflammation. After HUVECs were treated with antagonists of ApoM, S1P, ApoM + S1P, and ApoM + S1P + S1PR, calcein-acetoxymethyl ester was employed for the assessment of the adhesion of HUVECs to THP-1, immunofluorescence for the observation of caspase-1expression in HUVECs, reactive oxygen species (ROS) kit for the detection of ROS level in HUVECs. The impact of TNF-α, ApoM, S1P and S1PR antagonists on inflammatory response, pyroptosis and adhesion of THP-1 monocytes to HUVECs were determined by detecting expressions of pyroptosis related proteins (IL-1β, IL-18, ASC, NLRP3 and caspase-1), inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL-10), adhesion molecules (E-selectin, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1) and p-PI3K/p-AKT by qRT-PCR and Western blot, as well as by ELISA. Results TNF-α could increase adhesion of THP-1 monocytes to HUVECs and induce inflammatory response and pyroptosis in HUVECs, indicated by up-regulated expressions of E-selectin, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, IL-1β, IL-18, caspase-1, ASC, NLRP3, and IL-6, and down-regulated expression of IL-10. Co-treatment of ApoM-S1P on TNF-α treated HUVECs could protect HUVECs from injury and inflammation, evidenced by the attenuation of expressions of pyroptosis related proteins, inflammatory cytokines, and adhesion molecules, as well as the augment of PI3K and AKT phosphorylation. JTE-013, an antagonist of S1PR2, could reverse the amelioration of ApoM-S1P on pyroptosis and inflammation of HUVECs, indicating that ApoM-S1P could bind to S1PR2 to protect HUVECs from injury and inflammation through activating PI3K/AKT pathway. Conclusion ApoM-S1P could attenuate TNF-α induced injury and inflammatory response in HUVECs by binding to S1PR2 to activate PI3K/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- International Medical Center, Geriatric Department, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No 87 of Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Tie
- Department of Cardiology, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
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Christoffersen C, Bartels ED, Aarup A, Nielsen LB, Pedersen TX. ApoB and apoM - New aspects of lipoprotein biology in uremia-induced atherosclerosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 816:154-160. [PMID: 28351665 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease affects as much as 13% of the population, and is associated with a markedly increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease. One of the underlying reasons is accelerated development of atherosclerosis. This can be ascribed both to increased occurrence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors, and to risk factors that may be unique to patients with chronic kidney disease. The latter is reflected in the observation that the current treatment modalities, mainly directed against traditional risk factors, are insufficient to prevent cardiovascular disease in the patient with chronic kidney disease. This review discusses mechanisms accelerating uremic atherosclerosis with a specific focus on the putative roles of apolipoprotein(apo)s B and M that may be particularly important in patients with chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Christoffersen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen Oe, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - Emil D Bartels
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen Oe, Denmark.
| | - Annemarie Aarup
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - Lars B Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen Oe, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - Tanja X Pedersen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
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Ruiz M, Okada H, Dahlbäck B. HDL-associated ApoM is anti-apoptotic by delivering sphingosine 1-phosphate to S1P1 & S1P3 receptors on vascular endothelium. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:36. [PMID: 28179022 PMCID: PMC5299634 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0429-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background High-density Lipoprotein (HDL) attenuates endothelial cell apoptosis induced by different cell-death stimuli such as oxidation or growth factor deprivation. HDL is the main plasma carrier of the bioactive lipid sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), which it is a signaling molecule that promotes cell survival in response to several apoptotic stimuli. In HDL, S1P is bound to Apolipoprotein M (ApoM), a Lipocalin that is only present in around 5% of the HDL particles. The goal of this study is to characterize ApoM-bound S1P role in endothelial apoptosis protection and the signaling pathways involved. Methods Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) cultures were switched to serum/grow factor deprivation medium to induce apoptosis and the effect caused by the addition of ApoM and S1P analyzed. Results The addition of HDL+ApoM or recombinant ApoM-bound S1P promoted cell viability and blocked apoptosis, whereas HDL-ApoM had no protective effect. Remarkably, S1P exerted a more potent anti-apoptotic effect when carried by ApoM as compared to albumin, or when added as free molecule. Mechanistically, cooperation between S1P1 and S1P3 was required for the HDL/ApoM/S1P-mediated anti-apoptotic ability. Furthermore, AKT and ERK phosphorylation was also necessary to achieve the anti-apoptotic effect of the HDL/ApoM/S1P complex. Conclusions Altogether, our results indicate that ApoM and S1P are key elements of the anti-apoptotic activity of HDL and promote optimal endothelial function. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12944-017-0429-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Ruiz
- Department of Translational Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden. .,Department of Translational Medicine, Clinical Chemistry, Wallenberg Laboratory, Lund University, Inga Marie Nilssons gata 53, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Hiromi Okada
- Department of Translational Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Björn Dahlbäck
- Department of Translational Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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Ren K, Mo ZC, Liu X, Tang ZL, Jiang Y, Peng XS, Zhang QH, Shi JF, Yi GH. TGF-β Down-regulates Apolipoprotein M Expression through the TAK-1-JNK-c-Jun Pathway in HepG2 Cells. Lipids 2016; 52:109-117. [PMID: 28039587 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-016-4227-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein M (apoM) is a relatively novel apolipoprotein that plays pivotal roles in many dyslipidemia-associated diseases; however, its regulatory mechanisms are poorly understood. Many cytokines have been identified that down-regulate apoM expression in HepG2 cells, among which transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) exerts the most potent effects. In addition, c-Jun, a member of the activated protein 1 (AP-1) family whose activity is modulated by c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), decreases apoM expression at the transcriptional level by binding to the regulatory element in the proximal apoM promoter. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms through which TGF-β decreases the apoM level in HepG2 cells. The results revealed that TGF-β inhibited apoM expression at both the mRNA and protein levels in a dose- and time-dependent manner and that it suppressed apoM secretion. These effects were attenuated by treatment of cells with either SP600125 (JNK inhibitor) or c-Jun siRNA. 5Z-7-oxozeaenol [(a TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK-1) inhibitor)] also attenuated the TGF-β-mediated inhibition of apoM expression and suppressed the activation of JNK and c-Jun. These results have demonstrated that TGF-β suppresses apoM expression through the TAK-1-JNK-c-Jun pathway in HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Ren
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, 28 W Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Zhong-Cheng Mo
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Xing Liu
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Zhen-Li Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, 28 W Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Yue Jiang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, 28 W Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao-Shan Peng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, 28 W Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Qing-Hai Zhang
- Clinical Research Institution, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Jin-Feng Shi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, 28 W Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.,Department of Histology and Embryology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Guang-Hui Yi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, 28 W Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
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Liu M, Seo J, Allegood J, Bi X, Zhu X, Boudyguina E, Gebre AK, Avni D, Shah D, Sorci-Thomas MG, Thomas MJ, Shelness GS, Spiegel S, Parks JS. Hepatic apolipoprotein M ( apoM) overexpression stimulates formation of larger apoM/sphingosine 1-phosphate-enriched plasma high density lipoprotein. J Biol Chem 2013; 289:2801-14. [PMID: 24318881 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.499913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein M (apoM), a lipocalin family member, preferentially associates with plasma HDL and binds plasma sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), a signaling molecule active in immune homeostasis and endothelial barrier function. ApoM overexpression in ABCA1-expressing HEK293 cells stimulated larger nascent HDL formation, compared with cells that did not express apoM; however, the in vivo role of apoM in HDL metabolism remains poorly understood. To test whether hepatic apoM overexpression increases plasma HDL size, we generated hepatocyte-specific apoM transgenic (APOM Tg) mice, which had an ∼3-5-fold increase in plasma apoM levels compared with wild-type mice. Although HDL cholesterol concentrations were similar to wild-type mice, APOM Tg mice had larger plasma HDLs enriched in apoM, cholesteryl ester, lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase, and S1P. Despite the presence of larger plasma HDLs in APOM Tg mice, in vivo macrophage reverse cholesterol transport capacity was similar to that in wild-type mice. APOM Tg mice had an ∼5-fold increase in plasma S1P, which was predominantly associated with larger plasma HDLs. Primary hepatocytes from APOM Tg mice generated larger nascent HDLs and displayed increased sphingolipid synthesis and S1P secretion. Inhibition of ceramide synthases in hepatocytes increased cellular S1P levels but not S1P secretion, suggesting that apoM is rate-limiting in the export of hepatocyte S1P. Our data indicate that hepatocyte-specific apoM overexpression generates larger nascent HDLs and larger plasma HDLs, which preferentially bind apoM and S1P, and stimulates S1P biosynthesis for secretion. The unique apoM/S1P-enriched plasma HDL may serve to deliver S1P to extrahepatic tissues for atheroprotection and may have other as yet unidentified functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxia Liu
- From the Departments of Pathology-Lipid Sciences and
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