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Armand A, Khodaparast SA, Nazari S, Zibaee A. Morpho-molecular study of entomopathogenic fungi associated with citrus orchard pests in Northern Iran. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:202. [PMID: 38568380 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03944-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Entomopathogenic fungi play a significant role in regulating insect populations in nature and have potential applications in pest management strategies in different regions. Citrus spp. are among the important horticultural products in northern Iran, and the orchards are affected by different insect pests, especially mealybugs. This study aimed to isolate and identify entomopathogenic fungi associated with citrus orchard pests in northern Iran, focusing on Akanthomyces and Lecanicillium species on mealybugs. Through the samples collected from different regions within Guilan province, 12 fungal isolates were collected and identified based on the combination of morphological characteristics and molecular data. Akanthomyces lecanii, A. muscarius, Engyodontium rectidentatum, Lecanicillium aphanocladii and Lecanicillium rasoulzarei sp. nov. were identified. Of these, A. muscarius on Lepidosaphes sp., E. rectidentatum on Coccidae, and L. aphanocladii on Tetranychus urticae are reported as new fungal-host records from Iran. Moreover, a new species, Lecanicillium rasoulzarei, is illustrated, described, and compared with closely related species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Armand
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
| | - Seyed Akbar Khodaparast
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Saeed Nazari
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Arash Zibaee
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
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2
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Pereira DS, Hilário S, Gonçalves MFM, Phillips AJL. Diaporthe Species on Palms: Molecular Re-Assessment and Species Boundaries Delimitation in the D. arecae Species Complex. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2717. [PMID: 38004729 PMCID: PMC10673533 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to cryptic diversification, phenotypic plasticity and host associations, multilocus phylogenetic analyses have become the most important tool in accurately identifying and circumscribing species in the Diaporthe genus. However, the application of the genealogical concordance criterion has often been overlooked, ultimately leading to an exponential increase in novel Diaporthe spp. Due to the large number of species, many lineages remain poorly understood under the so-called species complexes. For this reason, a robust delimitation of the species boundaries in Diaporthe is still an ongoing challenge. Therefore, the present study aimed to resolve the species boundaries of the Diaporthe arecae species complex (DASC) by implementing an integrative taxonomic approach. The Genealogical Phylogenetic Species Recognition (GCPSR) principle revealed incongruences between the individual gene genealogies. Moreover, the Poisson Tree Processes' (PTPs) coalescent-based species delimitation models identified three well-delimited subclades represented by the species D. arecae, D. chiangmaiensis and D. smilacicola. These results evidence that all species previously described in the D. arecae subclade are conspecific, which is coherent with the morphological indistinctiveness observed and the absence of reproductive isolation and barriers to gene flow. Thus, 52 Diaporthe spp. are reduced to synonymy under D. arecae. Recent population expansion and the possibility of incomplete lineage sorting suggested that the D. arecae subclade may be considered as ongoing evolving lineages under active divergence and speciation. Hence, the genetic diversity and intraspecific variability of D. arecae in the context of current global climate change and the role of D. arecae as a pathogen on palm trees and other hosts are also discussed. This study illustrates that species in Diaporthe are highly overestimated, and highlights the relevance of applying an integrative taxonomic approach to accurately circumscribe the species boundaries in the genus Diaporthe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana S. Pereira
- Faculdade de Ciências, Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Sandra Hilário
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Porto, Portugal;
- Faculty of Sciences, Biology Department, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Edifício FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Micael F. M. Gonçalves
- Faculty of Sciences, Biology Department, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Edifício FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, Campus Universitário de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Alan J. L. Phillips
- Faculdade de Ciências, Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal;
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Apirajkamol NB, Hogarty TM, Mainali B, Taylor PW, Walsh TK, Tay WT. Virulence of Beauveria sp. and Metarhizium sp. fungi towards fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda). Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:328. [PMID: 37676308 PMCID: PMC10495518 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03669-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of effective pest management strategies for Spodoptera frugiperda is a high priority for crop protection across its invasive ranges. Here, we examined six Beauveria and five Metarhizium fungal isolates against this pest. Two Beauveria isolates (B-0571, B-1311) induced high mortality toward 3rd and 6th instar caterpillars and adults. For B-0571 mortality was 82.81 ± 5.75%, 61.46 ± 6.83%, and 93.75 ± 3.61%, and 73.72 ± 2.51%, 71.88 ± 5.41%, and 97.92 ± 2.08% for B-1311, with deaths in caterpillars largely occurring under 24 h (3rd instar control 0.74 ± 0.33%, B-0571 73.96 ± 7.85% and B-1311 62.08 ± 3.67%; 6th instar control 0%, B-0571 66.67% ± 11.02% and B-1311 62.5% ± 9.55%). Infection from both Beauveria isolates fully prevented reproduction in surviving S. frugiperda females. In contrast, all five Metarhizium isolates tested and the remaining four Beauveria isolates exhibited lower virulence. The discovery of two highly virulent Beauveria fungal isolates to S. frugiperda opens avenues to develop novel biological control tools against this highly invasive pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nonthakorn Beatrice Apirajkamol
- Applied BioSciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
- Black Mountain Laboratories, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.
| | - Timothy Michael Hogarty
- Black Mountain Laboratories, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Bishwo Mainali
- Applied BioSciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | | | - Thomas Kieran Walsh
- Applied BioSciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
- Black Mountain Laboratories, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Wee Tek Tay
- Applied BioSciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
- Black Mountain Laboratories, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
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Solano-González S, Castro-Vásquez R, Molina-Bravo R. Genomic Characterization and Functional Description of Beauveria bassiana Isolates from Latin America. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:711. [PMID: 37504700 PMCID: PMC10381237 DOI: 10.3390/jof9070711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Beauveria bassiana is an entomopathogenic fungus used in agriculture as a biological controller worldwide. Despite being a well-studied organism, there are no genomic studies of B. bassiana isolates from Central American and Caribbean countries. This work characterized the functional potential of eight Neotropical isolates and provided an overview of their genomic characteristics, targeting genes associated with pathogenicity, the production of secondary metabolites, and the identification of CAZYmes as tools for future biotechnological applications. In addition, a comparison between these isolates and reference genomes was performed. Differences were observed according to geographical location and the lineages of the B. bassiana complex to which each isolate belonged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefany Solano-González
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática Aplicada (LABAP), Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional, Heredia 40104, Costa Rica
| | - Ruth Castro-Vásquez
- Centro de Investigación en Biología Celular y Molecular, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501, Costa Rica
| | - Ramón Molina-Bravo
- Biotecnología Vegetal y Recursos Genéticos para el Fitomejoramiento (BIOVERFI), Escuela de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional, Heredia 40104, Costa Rica
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Picciotti U, Araujo Dalbon V, Ciancio A, Colagiero M, Cozzi G, De Bellis L, Finetti-Sialer MM, Greco D, Ippolito A, Lahbib N, Logrieco AF, López-Llorca LV, Lopez-Moya F, Luvisi A, Mincuzzi A, Molina-Acevedo JP, Pazzani C, Scortichini M, Scrascia M, Valenzano D, Garganese F, Porcelli F. "Ectomosphere": Insects and Microorganism Interactions. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020440. [PMID: 36838405 PMCID: PMC9967823 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This study focuses on interacting with insects and their ectosymbiont (lato sensu) microorganisms for environmentally safe plant production and protection. Some cases help compare ectosymbiont microorganisms that are insect-borne, -driven, or -spread relevant to endosymbionts' behaviour. Ectosymbiotic bacteria can interact with insects by allowing them to improve the value of their pabula. In addition, some bacteria are essential for creating ecological niches that can host the development of pests. Insect-borne plant pathogens include bacteria, viruses, and fungi. These pathogens interact with their vectors to enhance reciprocal fitness. Knowing vector-phoront interaction could considerably increase chances for outbreak management, notably when sustained by quarantine vector ectosymbiont pathogens, such as the actual Xylella fastidiosa Mediterranean invasion episode. Insect pathogenic viruses have a close evolutionary relationship with their hosts, also being highly specific and obligate parasites. Sixteen virus families have been reported to infect insects and may be involved in the biological control of specific pests, including some economic weevils. Insects and fungi are among the most widespread organisms in nature and interact with each other, establishing symbiotic relationships ranging from mutualism to antagonism. The associations can influence the extent to which interacting organisms can exert their effects on plants and the proper management practices. Sustainable pest management also relies on entomopathogenic fungi; research on these species starts from their isolation from insect carcasses, followed by identification using conventional light or electron microscopy techniques. Thanks to the development of omics sciences, it is possible to identify entomopathogenic fungi with evolutionary histories that are less-shared with the target insect and can be proposed as pest antagonists. Many interesting omics can help detect the presence of entomopathogens in different natural matrices, such as soil or plants. The same techniques will help localize ectosymbionts, localization of recesses, or specialized morphological adaptation, greatly supporting the robust interpretation of the symbiont role. The manipulation and modulation of ectosymbionts could be a more promising way to counteract pests and borne pathogens, mitigating the impact of formulates and reducing food insecurity due to the lesser impact of direct damage and diseases. The promise has a preventive intent for more manageable and broader implications for pests, comparing what we can obtain using simpler, less-specific techniques and a less comprehensive approach to Integrated Pest Management (IPM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Picciotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Department of Marine Science and Applied Biology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Aurelio Ciancio
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (CNR), Via G. Amendola 122/D, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Mariantonietta Colagiero
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (CNR), Via G. Amendola 122/D, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cozzi
- Institute of Food Production Sciences, National Research Council (CNR), Via G. Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Luigi De Bellis
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | | | - Davide Greco
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Antonio Ippolito
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Nada Lahbib
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El-Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Antonio Francesco Logrieco
- Institute of Food Production Sciences, National Research Council (CNR), Via G. Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | | | - Federico Lopez-Moya
- Department of Marine Science and Applied Biology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain
| | - Andrea Luvisi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Annamaria Mincuzzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Juan Pablo Molina-Acevedo
- Colombian Corporation for Agricultural Research Agrosavia C. I. Turipana-AGROSAVIA, Km. 13, Vía Montería-Cereté 230558, Colombia
| | - Carlo Pazzani
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Biotecnologie e Ambiente (DBBA), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Scortichini
- Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), 00134 Roma, Italy
| | - Maria Scrascia
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Biotecnologie e Ambiente (DBBA), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Domenico Valenzano
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesca Garganese
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Francesco Porcelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
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Van Caenegem W, Ceryngier P, Romanowski J, Pfister DH, Haelewaters D. Hesperomyces (Fungi, Ascomycota) associated with Hyperaspis ladybirds (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae): Rethinking host specificity. FRONTIERS IN FUNGAL BIOLOGY 2023; 3:1040102. [PMID: 37746211 PMCID: PMC10512334 DOI: 10.3389/ffunb.2022.1040102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota, Laboulbeniomycetes) are biotrophic microfungi always attached to the exoskeleton of their arthropod hosts. They do not form hyphae or a mycelium; instead, they undergo determinate growth, developing from a two-celled ascospore to form a multicellular thallus. Hesperomyces virescens has been reported on over 30 species of ladybirds (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae); in reality, it represents a complex of species, presumably segregated by host genus association. In this study, we report on Hesperomyces thalli on Hyperaspis vinciguerrae from the Canary Islands and compare them with the Hesperomyces hyperaspidis described on Hyperaspis sp. from Trinidad. We generated the sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, the large subunit (LSU) nuclear ribosomal RNA gene, and the minichromosome maintenance complex component 7 (MCM7) protein-coding gene. Our phylogenetic reconstruction of Hesperomyces based on a concatenated ITS-LSU-MCM7 dataset revealed Hesperomyces sp. ex Hy. vinciguerrae as a member of the He. virescens species complex distinct from He. virescens sensu stricto (s.s.). It also revealed that the Hesperomyces sp. ex Chilocorus bipustulatus from Algeria is different from He. virescens s.s., which is associated with Chilocorus stigma from the USA. This suggests that the species of Hesperomyces are not solely segregated by host association, but that there is also a biogeographical component involved. Based on these data, we refrained from referring our material from Hy. vinciguerrae to He. hyperaspidis. Finally, we discuss the usefulness of MCM7 as a useful marker for species delimitation in Hesperomyces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warre Van Caenegem
- Research Group Mycology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Piotr Ceryngier
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Romanowski
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Donald H. Pfister
- Farlow Reference Library and Herbarium of Cryptogamic Botany, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Danny Haelewaters
- Research Group Mycology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czechia
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czechia
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FERNANDEZ-GÜIMAC SLJ, PEREZ J, MENDOZA JE, BUSTAMANTE DE, CALDERON MS. Exploring the diversity of microorganisms and potential pectinase activity isolated from wet fermentation of coffee in northeastern Peru. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.81922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jhordy PEREZ
- Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza, Peru
| | | | - Danilo Edson BUSTAMANTE
- Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza, Peru; Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza, Peru
| | - Martha Steffany CALDERON
- Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza, Peru; Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza, Peru
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Ramírez-Ordorica A, Contreras-Cornejo HA, Orduño-Cruz N, Luna-Cruz A, Winkler R, Macías-Rodríguez L. Volatiles released by Beauveria bassiana induce oviposition behavior in the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2022; 98:6724240. [PMID: 36166365 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiac114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial volatile organic compounds may act as semiochemicals, inciting different behavioral responses in insects. Beauveria bassiana is an entomopathogenic fungus, and physiological and environmental factors are positively related to fungal virulence. In this study, we examined the volatile profiles produced by eight B. bassiana strains, isolated from soil plots and mycosed insect cadavers, with different speeds of kill and determined if these compounds induce oviposition behavior in Spodoptera frugiperda. Fungal volatilome analysis revealed differences between the isolates. Isolates from mycosed insects showed higher virulence, larger egg mass area and length, and a higher number of eggs by mass, than those obtained from soil. Furthermore, a dilution of the fungal odoriferous compounds increased the insect response, suggesting that S. frugiperda is highly susceptible to the fungal compound's fingerprint. Otherwise, the insect response to the natural blend of volatiles released by the fungus was different from that obtained with 3-methylbutanol, which was the most abundant compound in all isolates. The ability of an entomopathogen to produce volatiles that can induce olfactory stimulation of egg-laying behavior could represent an ecological adaptive advantage in which the entomopathogen stimulates the insect population growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Ramírez-Ordorica
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, 58030, México
| | - Hexon Angel Contreras-Cornejo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, 58030, México
| | - Nuvia Orduño-Cruz
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrotecnológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Chihuahua, 31350, México
| | - Alfonso Luna-Cruz
- CONACYT-Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, 58030, México
| | - Robert Winkler
- Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, CINVESTAV-Irapuato, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Irapuato, Guanajuato, 36824, México
| | - Lourdes Macías-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, 58030, México
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Soth S, Glare TR, Hampton JG, Card SD, Brookes JJ. Biological Control of Diamondback Moth—Increased Efficacy with Mixtures of Beauveria Fungi. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10030646. [PMID: 35336221 PMCID: PMC8955574 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10030646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diamondback moth (DBM) is an important horticultural pest worldwide as the larvae of these moths feed on the leaves of cruciferous vegetables. As DBM has developed resistance to more than 100 classes of synthetic insecticides, new biological control options are urgently required. Beauveria species are entomopathogenic fungi recognized as the most important fungal genus for controlling a wide range of agricultural, forestry, and veterinary arthropod pests. Previous research, aimed at developing new Beauveria-based biopesticides for DBM, has focused on screening single isolates of Beauveria bassiana. However, these fungal isolates have individual requirements, which may limit their effectiveness in some environments. This current study separately assessed 14 Beauveria isolates, from a range of habitats and aligned to four different species (Beauveria bassiana, B. caledonica, B. malawiensis, and B. pseudobassiana), to determine the most effective isolate for the control of DBM. Further assays then assessed whether selected combinations of these fungal isolates could increase the overall efficacy against DBM. Six Beauveria isolates (three B. bassiana and three B. pseudobassiana) achieved high DBM mortality at a low application rate with the first documented report of B. pseudobassiana able to kill 100% of DBM larvae. Further research determined that applications of low-virulent Beauveria isolates improved the control of DBM compared to mixtures containing high-virulent isolates. This novel approach increased the DBM pest mortality and shortened the time to kill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sereyboth Soth
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, P.O. Box 85084, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand; (T.R.G.); (J.G.H.); (J.J.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Travis R. Glare
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, P.O. Box 85084, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand; (T.R.G.); (J.G.H.); (J.J.B.)
| | - John G. Hampton
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, P.O. Box 85084, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand; (T.R.G.); (J.G.H.); (J.J.B.)
| | - Stuart D. Card
- Resilient Agriculture, AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand;
| | - Jenny J. Brookes
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, P.O. Box 85084, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand; (T.R.G.); (J.G.H.); (J.J.B.)
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10
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Wang Y, Fan Q, Wang D, Zou WQ, Tang DX, Hongthong P, Yu H. Species Diversity and Virulence Potential of the Beauveria bassiana Complex and Beauveria scarabaeidicola Complex. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:841604. [PMID: 35317260 PMCID: PMC8934399 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.841604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Beauveria is a very important fungal resource. Some Beauveria species have great economic and ecological value. Through surveying Beauveria in China and Thailand over the past 4 years, 15 Beauveria spp. were collected and identified. Three new species—namely, B. polyrhachicola, B. songmingensis, and B. subscarabaeidicola—were described and illustrated based on morphological characteristics and molecular data. The phylogenetic positions of the 15 species were evaluated according to phylogenetic inferences based on six loci (nrSSU, nrLSU, TEF, RPB1, RPB2, and Bloc). Nine species of Beauveria in our study were isolated from adult scarab beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). The pathogenicity of the isolates from the B. bassiana complex and B. scarabaeidicola complex was determined with three bioassays using B. mori and T. molitor larvae, in addition to Protaetia brevitarsis adults. The results indicated that the B. bassiana complex isolates had great potential in the biocontrol of the three insects; by contrast, the B. scarabaeidicola complex isolates showed obvious host specificity and low virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- The International Joint Research Center for Sustainable Utilization of Cordyceps Bioresources in China and Southeast Asia, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Qi Fan
- Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- The International Joint Research Center for Sustainable Utilization of Cordyceps Bioresources in China and Southeast Asia, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- The International Joint Research Center for Sustainable Utilization of Cordyceps Bioresources in China and Southeast Asia, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Wei-Qiu Zou
- Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- The International Joint Research Center for Sustainable Utilization of Cordyceps Bioresources in China and Southeast Asia, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - De-Xiang Tang
- Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- The International Joint Research Center for Sustainable Utilization of Cordyceps Bioresources in China and Southeast Asia, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Preeyanat Hongthong
- Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology, Thanyaburi, Thailand
| | - Hong Yu
- Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- The International Joint Research Center for Sustainable Utilization of Cordyceps Bioresources in China and Southeast Asia, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Hong Yu,
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Calderon MS, Bustamante DE, Gabrielson PW, Martone PT, Hind KR, Schipper SR, Mansilla A. Type specimen sequencing, multilocus analyses, and species delimitation methods recognize the cosmopolitan Corallina berteroi and establish the northern Japanese C. yendoi sp. nov. (Corallinaceae, Rhodophyta). JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2021; 57:1659-1672. [PMID: 34310713 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A partial rbcL sequence of the lectotype specimen of Corallina berteroi shows that it is the earliest available name for C. ferreyrae. Multilocus species delimitation analyses (ABGD, SPN, GMYC, bPTP, and BPP) using independent or concatenated COI, psbA, and rbcL sequences recognized one, two, or three species in this complex, but only with weak support for each species hypothesis. Conservatively, we recognize a single worldwide species in this complex of what appears to be multiple, evolving populations. Included in this species, besides C. ferreyrae, are C. caespitosa, the morphologically distinct C. melobesioides, and, based on a partial rbcL sequence of the holotype specimen, C. pinnatifolia. Corallina berteroi, not C. officinalis, is the cosmopolitan temperate species found thus far in the NE Atlantic, Mediterranean Sea, warm temperate NW Atlantic and NE Pacific, cold temperate SW Atlantic (Falkland Islands), cold and warm temperate SE Pacific, NW Pacific and southern Australia. Also proposed is C. yendoi sp. nov. from Hokkaido, Japan, which was recognized as distinct by 10 of the 13 species discrimination analyses, including the multilocus BPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha S Calderon
- Laboratorio de Ecosistemas Marinos Antárticos y Sub-antárticos (LEMAS), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Santiago, Chile
| | - Danilo E Bustamante
- Instituto de Investigación para el Desarrollo Sustentable de Ceja de Selva (INDES-CES), Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza, Chachapoyas, Peru
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (FICIAM), Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza, Chachapoyas, Peru
| | - Paul W Gabrielson
- Biology Department and Herbarium, Coker Hall CB 3280, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-3280, USA
| | - Patrick T Martone
- Botany Department & Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Katharine R Hind
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 Station CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Soren R Schipper
- Botany Department & Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Andrés Mansilla
- Laboratorio de Ecosistemas Marinos Antárticos y Sub-antárticos (LEMAS), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Santiago, Chile
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12
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Becchimanzi A, Zimowska B, Nicoletti R. Cryptic Diversity in Cladosporium cladosporioides Resulting from Sequence-Based Species Delimitation Analyses. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10091167. [PMID: 34578199 PMCID: PMC8472012 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10091167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cladosporium cladosporioides is an extremely widespread fungus involved in associations ranging from mutualistic to pathogenic and is the most frequently represented Cladosporium species in sequence databases, such as Genbank. The taxonomy of Cladosporium species, currently based on the integration of molecular data with morphological and cultural characters, is in frequent need of revision. Hence, the recently developed species delimitation methods can be helpful to explore cryptic diversity in this genus. Considering a previous study that reported several hypothetical species within C. cladosporioides, we tested four methods of species delimitation using the combined DNA barcodes internal transcribed spacers, translation elongation factor 1-α and actin 1. The analyses involved 105 isolates, revealing that currently available sequences of C. cladosporioides in GenBank actually represent more than one species. Moreover, we found that eight isolates from this set should be ascribed to Cladosporium anthropophilum. Our results revealed a certain degree of discordance among species delimitation methods, which can be efficiently treated using conservative approaches in order to minimize the risk of considering false positives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Becchimanzi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (A.B.); (R.N.)
| | - Beata Zimowska
- Department of Plant Protection, University of Life Sciences, 20-069 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Rosario Nicoletti
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (A.B.); (R.N.)
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, 81100 Caserta, Italy
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15
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Castro-Vásquez RM, Molina-Bravo R, Hernández-Villalobos S, Vargas-Martínez A, González-Herrera A, Montero-Astúa M. Identification and phylogenetic analysis of a collection of Beauveria spp. Isolates from Central America and Puerto Rico. J Invertebr Pathol 2021; 184:107642. [PMID: 34216626 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2021.107642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The genus Beauveria comprises economically important entomopathogenic fungi, widely used for biological control in agriculture. Interest in these organisms in Costa Rica prompted surveys and establishment of collections in the past two decades. However, there was neither a formal identification nor a characterization of the isolates. With that purpose, the morphology and genetic variation by microsatellites and partial sequencing of Bloc, TEF-1α and RPB2 regions were studied for 32 isolates of Beauveria, which included 26 from Costa Rica, five from Puerto Rico and one from Honduras. The isolates were identified as B. bassiana (29) and B. caledonica (3). Ninety-three percent of B. bassiana isolates belonged to a monophyletic group of African and Neotropical isolates. A total of 105 alleles were recorded with 11 SSR markers, and the results suggested high diversity within the collection. Mantel tests showed low association between geographic origin and the variation among isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth M Castro-Vásquez
- Centro de Investigación en Biología Celular y Molecular, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica; Escuela de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional, Heredia 86-3000, Costa Rica
| | - Ramón Molina-Bravo
- Escuela de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional, Heredia 86-3000, Costa Rica
| | | | | | | | - Mauricio Montero-Astúa
- Centro de Investigación en Biología Celular y Molecular, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica; Escuela de Agronomía, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica.
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Hilário S, Gonçalves MFM, Alves A. Using Genealogical Concordance and Coalescent-Based Species Delimitation to Assess Species Boundaries in the Diaporthe eres Complex. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:507. [PMID: 34202282 PMCID: PMC8307253 DOI: 10.3390/jof7070507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA sequence analysis has been of the utmost importance to delimit species boundaries in the genus Diaporthe. However, the common practice of combining multiple genes, without applying the genealogical concordance criterion has complicated the robust delimitation of species, given that phylogenetic incongruence between loci has been disregarded. Despite the several attempts to delineate the species boundaries in the D. eres complex, the phylogenetic limits within this complex remain unclear. In order to bridge this gap, we employed the Genealogical Phylogenetic Species Recognition principle (GCPSR) and the coalescent-based model Poisson Tree Processes (PTPs) and evaluated the presence of recombination within the D. eres complex. Based on the GCPSR principle, presence of incongruence between individual gene genealogies, i.e., conflicting nodes and branches lacking phylogenetic support, was evident. Moreover, the results of the coalescent model identified D. eres complex as a single species, which was not consistent with the current large number of species within the complex recognized in phylogenetic analyses. The absence of reproductive isolation and barriers to gene flow as well as the high haplotype and low nucleotide diversity indices within the above-mentioned complex suggest that D. eres constitutes a population rather than different lineages. Therefore, we argue that a cohesive approach comprising genealogical concordance criteria and methods to detect recombination must be implemented in future studies to circumscribe species in the genus Diaporthe.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Artur Alves
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, Campus Universitário de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (S.H.); (M.F.M.G.)
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Bustamante DE, Calderon MS, Leiva S, Mendoza JE, Arce M, Oliva M. Three new species of Trichoderma in the Harzianum and Longibrachiatum lineages from Peruvian cacao crop soils based on an integrative approach. Mycologia 2021; 113:1056-1072. [PMID: 34128770 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2021.1917243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The hyperdiverse genus Trichoderma is one of most useful groups of microbes for a number of human activities, and their accurate identification is crucial. The structural simplicity and lack of distinctive phenotypic variation in this group enable the use of DNA-based species delimitation methods in combination with phylogenies (and morphology when feasible) to establish well-supported boundaries among species. Our study employed a multilocus phylogeny and four DNA-based methods (automated barcode gap discovery [ABGD], statistical parsimony [SPN], generalized mixed Yule coalescent [GMYC], and Bayesian phylogenetics and phylogeography [BPP]) for four molecular markers (acl1, act, rpb2, and tef1) to delimit species of two lineages of Trichoderma. Although incongruence among these methods was observed in our analyses, the genetic distance (ABGD) and coalescence (BPP) methods and the multilocus phylogeny strongly supported and confirmed recognition of 108 and 39 different species in the Harzianum and Longibrachiatum lineages, including three new species associated with cacao farms in northern Peru, namely, T.awajun, sp. nov., T. jaklitschii, sp. nov., and T. peruvianum, sp. nov. Morphological distinctions between the new species and their close relatives are primarily related to growth rates, colony appearance, and size of phialides and conidia. This study confirmed that an integrative approach (DNA-based methods, multilocus phylogeny, and phenotype) is more likely to reliably verify supported species boundaries in Trichoderma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo E Bustamante
- Instituto de Investigación para el Desarrollo Sustentable de Ceja de Selva, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza, Chachapoyas, Amazonas, Peru.,Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Ambiental, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza, Chachapoyas, Amazonas, Peru
| | - Martha S Calderon
- Instituto de Investigación para el Desarrollo Sustentable de Ceja de Selva, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza, Chachapoyas, Amazonas, Peru.,Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Ambiental, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza, Chachapoyas, Amazonas, Peru
| | - Santos Leiva
- Instituto de Investigación para el Desarrollo Sustentable de Ceja de Selva, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza, Chachapoyas, Amazonas, Peru
| | - Jani E Mendoza
- Instituto de Investigación para el Desarrollo Sustentable de Ceja de Selva, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza, Chachapoyas, Amazonas, Peru
| | - Marielita Arce
- Instituto de Investigación para el Desarrollo Sustentable de Ceja de Selva, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza, Chachapoyas, Amazonas, Peru
| | - Manuel Oliva
- Instituto de Investigación para el Desarrollo Sustentable de Ceja de Selva, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza, Chachapoyas, Amazonas, Peru
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18
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Zimowska B, Becchimanzi A, Krol ED, Furmanczyk A, Bensch K, Nicoletti R. New Cladosporium Species from Normal and Galled Flowers of Lamiaceae. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10030369. [PMID: 33808618 PMCID: PMC8003538 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10030369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of isolates of Cladosporium spp. were recovered in the course of a cooperative study on galls formed by midges of the genus Asphondylia (Diptera, Cecidomyidae) on several species of Lamiaceae. The finding of these fungi in both normal and galled flowers was taken as an indication that they do not have a definite relationship with the midges. Moreover, identification based on DNA sequencing showed that these isolates are taxonomically heterogeneous and belong to several species which are classified in two different species complexes. Two new species, Cladosporium polonicum and Cladosporium neapolitanum, were characterized within the Cladosporium cladosporioides species complex based on strains from Poland and Italy, respectively. Evidence concerning the possible existence of additional taxa within the collective species C. cladosporioides and C. pseudocladosporioides is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Zimowska
- Department of Plant Protection, University of Life Sciences, 20-068 Lublin, Poland; (B.Z.); (E.D.K.); (A.F.)
| | - Andrea Becchimanzi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Ewa Dorota Krol
- Department of Plant Protection, University of Life Sciences, 20-068 Lublin, Poland; (B.Z.); (E.D.K.); (A.F.)
| | - Agnieszka Furmanczyk
- Department of Plant Protection, University of Life Sciences, 20-068 Lublin, Poland; (B.Z.); (E.D.K.); (A.F.)
| | - Konstanze Bensch
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Rosario Nicoletti
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy;
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, 81100 Caserta, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Hilário S, Santos L, Alves A. Diaporthe amygdali, a species complex or a complex species? Fungal Biol 2021; 125:505-518. [PMID: 34140147 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Delimitation of species boundaries within the fungal genus Diaporthe has been challenging, but the analyses of combined multilocus DNA sequences has become an important tool to infer phylogenetic relationships and to circumscribe species. However, analyses of congruence between individual gene genealogies and the application of the genealogical concordance principle have been somehow overlooked. We noted that a group of species including D. amygdali, D. garethjonesii, D. sterilis, D. kadsurae, D. ternstroemia, D. ovoicicola, D. fusicola, D. chongqingensis and D. mediterranea, commonly known as D. amygdali complex, occupy a monophyletic clade in Diaporthe phylogenies but the limits of all species within the complex are not entirely clear. To assess the boundaries of species within this complex we employed the Genealogical Concordance Phylogenetic Species Recognition principle (GCPSR) and coalescence-based models: General Mixed Yule-Coalescent (GMYC) and Poisson Tree Processes (PTP). The incongruence detected between individual gene phylogenies, as well as the results of coalescent methods do not support the recognition of lineages within the complex as distinct species. Moreover, results support the absence of reproductive isolation and barriers to gene flow in this complex, thus providing further evidence that the D. amygdali species complex constitutes a single species. This study highlights the relevance of the application of the GCPSR principle, showing that concatenation analysis of multilocus DNA sequences, although being a powerful tool, might lead to an erroneous definition of species limits. Additionally, it further shows that coalescent methods are useful tools to assist in a more robust delimitation of species boundaries in the genus Diaporthe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Hilário
- Departamento de Biologia, CESAM (Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar), Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Liliana Santos
- Departamento de Biologia, CESAM (Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar), Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Artur Alves
- Departamento de Biologia, CESAM (Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar), Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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Tineo D, Bustamante DE, Calderon MS, Mendoza JE, Huaman E, Oliva M. An integrative approach reveals five new species of highland papayas (Caricaceae, Vasconcellea) from northern Peru. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242469. [PMID: 33301452 PMCID: PMC7728213 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The assignment of accurate species names is crucial, especially for those with confirmed agronomic potential such as highland papayas. The use of additional methodologies and data sets is recommended to establish well-supported boundaries among species of Vasconcellea. Accordingly, six chloroplast (trnL-trnF, rpl20-rps12, psbA-trnH intergenic spacers, matK and rbcL genes) and nuclear (ITS) markers were used to delimit species in the genus Vasconcellea using phylogeny and four DNA-based methods. Our results demonstrated congruence among different methodologies applied in this integrative study (i.e., morphology, multilocus phylogeny, genetic distance, coalescence methods). Genetic distance (ABGD, SPN), a coalescence method (BPP), and the multilocus phylogeny supported 22–25 different species of Vasconcellea, including the following five new species from northern Peru: V. badilloi sp. nov., V. carvalhoae sp. nov., V. chachapoyensis sp. nov., V. pentalobis sp. nov., and V. peruviensis sp. nov. Genetic markers that gave better resolution for distinguishing species were ITS and trnL-trnF. Phylogenetic diversity and DNA-species delimitation methods could be used to discover taxa within traditionally defined species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Tineo
- Instituto de Investigación para el Desarrollo Sustentable de Ceja de Selva (INDES-CES), Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza, Chachapoyas, Amazonas, Peru
| | - Danilo E. Bustamante
- Instituto de Investigación para el Desarrollo Sustentable de Ceja de Selva (INDES-CES), Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza, Chachapoyas, Amazonas, Peru
- * E-mail:
| | - Martha S. Calderon
- Instituto de Investigación para el Desarrollo Sustentable de Ceja de Selva (INDES-CES), Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza, Chachapoyas, Amazonas, Peru
| | - Jani E. Mendoza
- Instituto de Investigación para el Desarrollo Sustentable de Ceja de Selva (INDES-CES), Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza, Chachapoyas, Amazonas, Peru
| | - Eyner Huaman
- Instituto de Investigación para el Desarrollo Sustentable de Ceja de Selva (INDES-CES), Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza, Chachapoyas, Amazonas, Peru
| | - Manuel Oliva
- Instituto de Investigación para el Desarrollo Sustentable de Ceja de Selva (INDES-CES), Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza, Chachapoyas, Amazonas, Peru
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Spjut R, Simon A, Guissard M, Magain N, Sérusiaux E. The fruticose genera in the Ramalinaceae (Ascomycota, Lecanoromycetes): their diversity and evolutionary history. MycoKeys 2020; 73:1-68. [PMID: 32994702 PMCID: PMC7501315 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.73.47287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We present phylogenetic analyses of the fruticose Ramalinaceae based on extensive collections from many parts of the world, with a special focus on the Vizcaíno deserts in north-western Mexico and the coastal desert in Namibia. We generate a four-locus DNA sequence dataset for accessions of Ramalina and two additional loci for Niebla and Vermilacinia. Four genera are strongly supported: the subcosmopolitan Ramalina, the new genus Namibialina endemic to SW Africa, and a duo formed by Niebla and Vermilacinia, endemic to the New World except the sorediate V. zebrina that disjunctly occurs in Namibia. The latter three genera are restricted to coastal desert and chaparral where vegetation depends on moisture from ocean fog. Ramalina is subcosmopolitan and much more diverse in its ecology. We show that Ramalina and its sister genus Namibialina diverged from each other at c. 48 Myrs, whereas Vermilacinia and Niebla split at c. 30 Myrs. The phylogeny of the fruticose genera remains unresolved to their ancestral crustose genera. Species delimitation within Namibialina and Ramalina is rather straightforward. The phylogeny and taxonomy of Vermilacinia are fully resolved, except for the two youngest clades of corticolous taxa, and support current taxonomy, including four new taxa described here. Secondary metabolite variation in Niebla generally coincides with major clades which are comprised of species complexes with still unresolved phylogenetic relationships. A micro-endemism pattern of allopatric species is strongly suspected for both genera, except for the corticolous taxa within Vermilacinia. Both Niebla and saxicolous Vermilacinia have chemotypes unique to species clades that are largely endemic to the Vizcaíno deserts. The following new taxa are described: Namibialina gen. nov. with N. melanothrix (comb. nov.) as type species, a single new species of Ramalina (R. krogiae) and four new species of Vermilacinia (V. breviloba, V. lacunosa, V. pustulata and V. reticulata). The new combination V. granulans is introduced. Two epithets are re-introduced for European Ramalina species: R. crispans (= R. peruviana auct. eur.) and R. rosacea (= R. bourgeana auct. p.p). A lectotype is designated for Vermilacinia procera. A key to saxicolous species of Vermilacinia is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Spjut
- World Botanical Associates, PO Box 81145, Bakersfield, California 93380, USA World Botanical Associates Bakersfield, CA United States of America
| | - Antoine Simon
- Evolution and Conservation Biology Unit, Sart Tilman B22, Quartier Vallée 1, chemin de la vallée 4, B-4000 Liège, Belgium Evolution and Conservation Biology Unit Liège Belgium
| | - Martin Guissard
- Evolution and Conservation Biology Unit, Sart Tilman B22, Quartier Vallée 1, chemin de la vallée 4, B-4000 Liège, Belgium Evolution and Conservation Biology Unit Liège Belgium
| | - Nicolas Magain
- Evolution and Conservation Biology Unit, Sart Tilman B22, Quartier Vallée 1, chemin de la vallée 4, B-4000 Liège, Belgium Evolution and Conservation Biology Unit Liège Belgium
| | - Emmanuël Sérusiaux
- Evolution and Conservation Biology Unit, Sart Tilman B22, Quartier Vallée 1, chemin de la vallée 4, B-4000 Liège, Belgium Evolution and Conservation Biology Unit Liège Belgium
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