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Hein PP, Arunachalam K, Fu Y, Zaw M, Yang Y, Yang X. Diversity of medicinal plants and their therapeutic usages of Kachin people (Jinghpaw) in the central part of Kachin State, Myanmar. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 302:115921. [PMID: 36403741 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The traditional medical system plays a major role in healthcare in Kachin State, Myanmar, where long-term political instability persists and conventional healthcare facilities are inadequate. A knowledge of the traditional medicinal plants therefore benefits the Kachin people, yet documentation and records of the uses of these plants are rare. In this study, we attempt to answer the questions on what medicinal plants and how they are used by the Kachin people. AIM OF THE STUDY We aimed to document knowledge of the traditional medicinal plants and to identify those most frequently used by the Kachin people. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty-two informants from eight villages in three townships were interviewed, and their knowledge of medicinal plants was recorded. The reported ailments were classified to the standard categories of the International Classification of Primary Care-2 (ICPC-2) system. Use reports (UR) were employed to evaluate the knowledge consensus of the informants. RESULTS We recorded a total of 117 species used as medicinal plants, of which 22 are newly recorded medicinal plant species for Myanmar. The plants belonged to 103 genera in 52 families, and were used to treat a total of 72 ailments from 17 ICPC-2 disease categories. Fabaceae and Lamiaceae were the most highly represented families of medicinal plants, with eleven and eight species used, respectively. The most cited species based on URs were Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Hook.f. & Thomson (URs = 39), Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz (URs = 28), Aquilaria malaccensis Lam. (URs = 26), Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M.King & H.Rob. (URs = 24), and Chloranthus elatior Link. (URs = 22). Digestive system disorder was the most prevalent disease category, and was treated with 47 different medicinal plants (URs = 142). Leaves were the most commonly used plant part; decoction was the dominant method of preparation; and oral consumption was the most frequent method of administration. CONCLUSION Our study documented a list of 117 medicinal plants and their uses in traditional medicine based on the local knowledge of the Kachin people. The study also identified the five most frequently cited species and found that the plants investigated are used to treat a total of 72 diseases. The 642 therapeutic reports we collected showcase a rich and diverse living knowledge of medicinal plant use by the Kachin people. Moreover, we present 22 new medicinal records, enriching the list of known medicinal plants in Myanmar. This exploratory study has enabled us to assemble the local knowledge of the Kachin people into solid dataset that will allow further scientific validation and will potentially contribute to better integration of medicinal plants into the healthcare provision for Kachin people in Myanmar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pyae Phyo Hein
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology and the Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China; Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, 05282, Myanmar; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Karuppusamy Arunachalam
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology and the Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China; Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, 05282, Myanmar
| | - Yao Fu
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology and the Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China; Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, 05282, Myanmar
| | - Moe Zaw
- Forest Research Institute, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, 05282, Myanmar
| | - Yongping Yang
- Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xishuangbanna, 666303, China.
| | - Xuefei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology and the Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China; Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, 05282, Myanmar.
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Zhou Y, Abbas F, Wang Z, Yu Y, Yue Y, Li X, Yu R, Fan Y. HS-SPME-GC-MS and Electronic Nose Reveal Differences in the Volatile Profiles of Hedychium Flowers. Molecules 2021; 26:5425. [PMID: 34500858 PMCID: PMC8433901 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Floral fragrance is one of the most important characteristics of ornamental plants and plays a pivotal role in plant lifespan such as pollinator attraction, pest repelling, and protection against abiotic and biotic stresses. However, the precise determination of floral fragrance is limited. In the present study, the floral volatile compounds of six Hedychium accessions exhibiting from faint to highly fragrant were comparatively analyzed via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Electronic nose (E-nose). A total of 42 volatile compounds were identified through GC-MS analysis, including monoterpenoids (18 compounds), sesquiterpenoids (12), benzenoids/phenylpropanoids (8), fatty acid derivatives (2), and others (2). In Hedychium coronarium 'ZS', H. forrestii 'Gaoling', H. 'Jin', H. 'Caixia', and H. 'Zhaoxia', monoterpenoids were abundant, while sesquiterpenoids were found in large quantities in H. coccineum 'KMH'. Hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) divided the 42 volatile compounds into four different groups (I, II, III, IV), and Spearman correlation analysis showed these compounds to have different degrees of correlation. The E-nose was able to group the different accessions in the principal component analysis (PCA) corresponding to scent intensity. Furthermore, the pattern-recognition findings confirmed that the E-nose data validated the GC-MS results. The partial least squares (PLS) analysis between floral volatile compounds and sensors suggested that specific sensors were highly sensitive to terpenoids. In short, the E-nose is proficient in discriminating Hedychium accessions of different volatile profiles in both quantitative and qualitative aspects, offering an accurate and rapid reference technique for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Zhou
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Z.); (F.A.); (Z.W.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Y.); (X.L.)
| | - Farhat Abbas
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Z.); (F.A.); (Z.W.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Y.); (X.L.)
| | - Zhidong Wang
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Z.); (F.A.); (Z.W.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Y.); (X.L.)
| | - Yunyi Yu
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Z.); (F.A.); (Z.W.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Y.); (X.L.)
| | - Yuechong Yue
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Z.); (F.A.); (Z.W.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Y.); (X.L.)
| | - Xinyue Li
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Z.); (F.A.); (Z.W.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Y.); (X.L.)
| | - Rangcai Yu
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
| | - Yanping Fan
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Z.); (F.A.); (Z.W.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Y.); (X.L.)
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Uncharted Source of Medicinal Products: The Case of the Hedychium Genus. MEDICINES 2020; 7:medicines7050023. [PMID: 32354114 PMCID: PMC7281329 DOI: 10.3390/medicines7050023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A current research topic of great interest is the study of the therapeutic properties of plants and of their bioactive secondary metabolites. Plants have been used to treat all types of health problems from allergies to cancer, in addition to their use in the perfumery industry and as food. Hedychium species are among those plants used in folk medicine in several countries and several works have been reported to verify if and how effectively these plants exert the effects reported in folk medicine, studying their essential oils, extracts and pure secondary metabolites. Hedychium coronarium and Hedychium spicatum are the most studied species. Interesting compounds have been identified like coronarin D, which possesses antibacterial, antifungal and antitumor activities, as well as isocoronarin D, linalool and villosin that exhibit better cytotoxicity towards tumor cell lines than the reference compounds used, with villosin not affecting the non-tumor cell line. Linalool and α-pinene are the most active compounds found in Hedychium essential oils, while β-pinene is identified as the most widespread compound, being reported in 12 different Hedychium species. Since only some Hedychium species have been investigated, this review hopes to shed some light on the uncharted territory that is the Hedychium genus.
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Li R, Shine L, Li W, Zhou SS. A new species of Zingiber (Zingiberaceae) from Natma Taung National Park, Chin State, Myanmar. PHYTOKEYS 2020; 138:131-137. [PMID: 31988608 PMCID: PMC6969034 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.138.46719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Zingiber natmataungense S.S.Zhou & R.Li (Zingiberaceae), a new species from Natma Taung National Park, Chin State, Myanmar, is described and illustrated. The new species is morphologically similar to Z. yunnanense, but differs by: leaf blade abaxially light green, glabrous, ligule sparsely pubescent, ca. 2-3 mm, bracts glabrous; calyx white 20-21 × 3.2-3.5 mm, glabrous, apex obviously 3-toothed; corolla tube white, ca. 3.9-4.1 cm, labellum lateral lobes, ca. 1.5-1.7 × 0.6-0.7 cm; stamen with sparse pubescent, filament white, glabrous, 1-2 mm; anther connective appendage yellowish proximally, purplish distally; ovary white, sparsely white pubescent, epigynous glands, ca. 6-7 mm long, tapered, apex whorled, yellow. This new species is also similar to Z. teres, but has a different flower colour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Li
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, ChinaCenter for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesMenglunChina
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw 05282, MyanmarSoutheast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of SciencesNay Pyi TawMyanmar
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Law Shine
- Natma Taung National Park, Natural and Wildlife Conservation Division, Forest Department, MyanmarNatural and Wildlife Conservation DivisionKanpletletMyanmar
| | - Wu Li
- College of Agriculture and Forestry, Pu’er University, Pu’er, Yunnan 66500, ChinaPu’er UniversityPu’erChina
| | - Shi-Shun Zhou
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, ChinaCenter for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesMenglunChina
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw 05282, MyanmarSoutheast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of SciencesNay Pyi TawMyanmar
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Aung YL, Mu AT, Aung MH, Liu Q, Jin X. An annotated checklist of Myanmar orchid flora. PHYTOKEYS 2020; 138:49-112. [PMID: 31988605 PMCID: PMC6969046 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.138.36144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Myanmar is situated in Southeast Asia, where species richness and diversity are very high. Myanmar orchid flora is very rich, but still poorly known because botanical explorations have sharply decreased in Myanmar since 1950. The present study provides a checklist of Myanmar orchid flora which includes 1040 species and 151 genera currently known from Myanmar, based on the herbarium specimens, literature and online databases. The number of species is increased by approximately 200 species more than that given in the checklist of Kress et al. (2003), mainly due to recent discoveries of new species to science and new records for Myanmar. There are 76 endemic species of Orchidaceae in Myanmar. It is estimated that ca. 150-300 species still remain as unidentified and are expected to be discovered in further studies on Myanmar orchid flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Lwin Aung
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, ChinaInstitute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Aye Thin Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, ChinaInstitute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Mung Htoi Aung
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, ChinaInstitute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Qiang Liu
- Yunnan Forestry Technological College, Kunming, Yunnan, ChinaYunnan Forestry Technological CollegeYunnanChina
| | - Xiaohua Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, ChinaInstitute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw 05282, MyanmarForest Research Institute, Forest DepartmentYezinMyanmar
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Ding HB, Yang B, Zhou SS, Maw MB, Maung KW, Tan YH. New contributions to the flora of Myanmar Ⅰ. PLANT DIVERSITY 2019; 41:135-152. [PMID: 31453414 PMCID: PMC6702453 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we describe several new taxa belonging to the flora of Myanmar. One new family, Polyosmaceae (Polyosma wallichii Benn.) is recorded. Over ten new genera are recorded for the first time, including Amentotaxus Pilger (Taxaceae), Hydrobryopsis Engler (Podostemaceae), Cyrtosia Blume and Biermannia King & Pantling (Orchidaceae), Eleutharrhena Forman and Haematocarpus Miers (Menispermaceae), Craigia W.W. Smith & W.E. Evans (Malvaceae), Amblyanthopsis Mez (Primulaceae), Huodendron Rehder and Rehderodendron Hu (Styracaceae), Platea Blume (Metteniusaceae), Achyrospermum Blume (Lamiaceae), Christisonia Gardner (Orobanchaceae). In addition, five new species are described and illustrated: Tupistra natmataungensis Y.H. Tan & H.B. Ding, Biermannia burmanica Y.H. Tan & Bin Yang, Impatiens megacalyx Y.H. Tan & H.B. Ding, Amblyanthopsis burmanica Y.H. Tan & H.B. Ding, Platea kachinensis Y.H. Tan & H.B. Ding. The distribution, ecology, phenology, and conservation status of these new species are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Bo Ding
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute & Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute & Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Shi-Shun Zhou
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute & Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Mya Bhone Maw
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute & Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Kyaw Win Maung
- Forest Research Institute, Forest Department, Ministry of Environmental Conservation and Forestry, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw 05282, Myanmar
| | - Yun-Hong Tan
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute & Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
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Ashokan A, Gowda V. Hedychiumziroense (Zingiberaceae), a new species of ginger lily from Northeast India. PHYTOKEYS 2019; 117:73-84. [PMID: 30783381 PMCID: PMC6374353 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.117.24951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We describe Hedychiumziroense sp. nov. from Northeast India (NE India) which was discovered during one of our recent botanical explorations in Arunachal Pradesh. We provide detailed morphological comparison of this species with four other Hedychium species (H.griersonianum R.M.Sm., H.ellipticum Buch.-Ham. ex Sm., H.gomezianum Wall. and H.yunnanense Gagnep.), with which it shares some morphological similarities. The new species is characterised by a dense cylindrical spike, pubescent rachis, folded bracts, 2-3 flowers per cincinnus, deeply cleft labellum and a distinctive late monsoonal flowering phenology from August to September.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajith Ashokan
- Tropical Ecology and Evolution (TrEE) Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal, 462066, IndiaIndian Institute of Science Education and ResearchBhopalIndia
| | - Vinita Gowda
- Tropical Ecology and Evolution (TrEE) Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal, 462066, IndiaIndian Institute of Science Education and ResearchBhopalIndia
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Aung YL, Mu AT, Jin X. Odontochilus putaoensis (Cranichideae, Orchidaceae), a new species from Myanmar. PHYTOKEYS 2018; 103:19-26. [PMID: 29997446 PMCID: PMC6037650 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.103.25913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Odontochilus putaoensis, a new species of Orchidaceae, is described and illustrated from Putao Township, Kachin State, Myanmar. Odontochilus putaoensis is close to O. duplex, but can be easily distinguished from the latter by having a light yellow lip, a bisaccate hypochile with a small, erect, blade-like and emarginate callus within each sac, a mesochile with a pair of dentate-pectinate flanges and a bilobed epichile with a pair of widely diverging lobes that are erect and concave. An identification key to the Southeast Asian species of Odontochilus and colour photographs of O. putaoensis are provided. A preliminary conservation assessment according to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria is given for the new species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Lwin Aung
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Aye Thin Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Xiaohua Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw 05282, Myanmar
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