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Nguyen TT, Mai TN, Dang-Xuan S, Nguyen-Viet H, Unger F, Lee HS. Emerging zoonotic diseases in Southeast Asia in the period 2011-2022: a systematic literature review. Vet Q 2024; 44:1-15. [PMID: 38229485 PMCID: PMC10795789 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2023.2300965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
As COVID-19 has shown, pandemics and outbreaks of emerging infections such as Zika, Nipah, monkeypox and antimicrobial-resistant pathogens, especially emerging zoonotic diseases, continue to occur and may even be increasing in Southeast Asia. In addition, these infections often result from environmental changes and human behaviour. Overall, public health surveillance to identify gaps in the literature and early warning signs are essential in this region. A systematic review investigated the prevalence of emerging zoonotic diseases over 11 years from 2011 to 2022 in Southeast Asia to understand the status of emerging zoonotic diseases, as well as to provide necessary actions for disease control and prevention in the region. During the 2011-2022 period, studies on pigs, poultry, ruminants, companion animals and wildlife in Southeast Asia were reviewed thoroughly to assess the quality of reporting items for inclusion in the systematic review. The review was performed on 26 studies of pigs, 6 studies of poultry, 21 studies of ruminants, 28 studies of companion animals and 25 studies of wildlife in Southeast Asia, which provide a snapshot of the prevalence of the emerging zoonotic disease across the country. The findings from the review showed that emerging zoonotic diseases were prevalent across the region and identified a few zoonotic diseases associated with poultry, mainly stemming from Cambodia and Vietnam, as high priority in Southeast Asia.Clinical relevance: Appropriate prevention and control measures should be taken to mitigate the emerging zoonotic diseases in Southeast Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Trung Nguyen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thi Ngan Mai
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Sinh Dang-Xuan
- International Livestock Research Institute, Regional Office for East and Southeast Asia, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hung Nguyen-Viet
- International Livestock Research Institute, Regional Office for East and Southeast Asia, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Fred Unger
- International Livestock Research Institute, Regional Office for East and Southeast Asia, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hu Suk Lee
- International Livestock Research Institute, Regional Office for East and Southeast Asia, Hanoi, Vietnam
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
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Evans TJ, Siratana V, Venkatesan T, Davong V, Thanadabouth K, Ashley EA. Case Report: A case of disseminated cutaneous listeriosis following appendicitis from Lao PDR. Wellcome Open Res 2023; 8:504. [PMID: 38434737 PMCID: PMC10905163 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.20210.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne pathogen that is a rare cause of bacteraemia and meningitis in immunosuppressed patients, and carries a high mortality rate. Cutaneous manifestations of listeriosis are rare, and are usually associated with direct inoculation of the skin. Case A 41-year-old woman who initially presented to a hospital in Laos with appendicitis was diagnosed with disseminated cutaneous listeriosis without recognised risk factors. Intra-abdominal pathology probably contributed to bacterial bloodstream invasion. Initial treatment with meropenem was switched to ampicillin based on best practice, however our patient died 5 days after diagnosis. Conclusions This case highlights listeriosis as an important cause of mortality in low- and middle-income countries, exacerbated by poor availability of laboratory diagnostics and ineffective empiric antibiotic regimens. Improvements in food hygiene, surveillance, and increased laboratory capacity are important strategies to reduce rates of infection and clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry John Evans
- Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic
| | - Vannavong Siratana
- Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic
| | - Timothy Venkatesan
- Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Viengmon Davong
- Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic
- Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic
| | | | - Elizabeth A. Ashley
- Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, England, UK
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Rondinaud E, Clermont O, Petitjean M, Ruppé E, Esposito-Farèse M, Nazimoudine A, Coignard B, Matheron S, Andremont A, Denamur E, Armand-Lefevre L. Acquisition of Enterobacterales carrying the colistin resistance gene mcr following travel to the tropics. J Travel Med 2023; 30:6851135. [PMID: 36444951 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taac141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colistin is an antibiotic of last resort in the management of highly drug-resistant Enterobacterales infections. Travel to some destinations presents a high risk of acquiring multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales, but little data are available on the risk of acquiring colistin-resistant strains. Here, we use the VOYAG-R sample collection (2012-2013) in order to evaluate the rate of acquisition of colistin-resistant Enterobacterales, excluding species with intrinsic resistance (CRE), following travel to tropical regions. METHODS A total of 574 frozen stool samples of travellers returning from tropical regions were screened for colistin-resistant strains using ChromID Colistin R agar (bioMerieux®) after pre-enrichment culture with 1 mg/L of colistin. Genomes were obtained by Illumina sequencing and genetic determinants of colistin resistance (mutational events and mcr genes) were searched. RESULTS A total of 22 travellers (3.8%) acquired colistin-resistant Enterobacterales carrying an mcr gene. Acquisition rates varied between visited regions: 9.2% (18/195) for Asia (southeast Asia: 17/18), 2.2% (4/184) for Latin America (Peru: 4/4) and 0% from Africa (0/195). Acquired strains were predominantly Escherichia coli (92%) and carried mostly the mcr-1 variant (83%). Escherichia coli strains belonged mainly to commensal phylogroups A and B1, and were genetically highly diverse (5 non-clonal sequence type (ST)10 and 17 ST singletons). Only four non mcr colistin-resistant strains (two E. coli and two Enterobacter cloacae complex) were identified. Among all the strains, two also carried extended-spectrum beta-lactamase genes. CONCLUSIONS Travel to tropical regions, and particularly to Southeast Asia, is a risk factor for the acquisition of mcr-carrying Enterobacterales. This study highlights the community dissemination of mcr in humans as early as 2012, 4 years prior to its first published description.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Rondinaud
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, AP-HP Nord-Université Paris Cité, F-75018 Paris, France
- University of Paris Cité, INSERM UMR 1137 IAME, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Clermont
- University of Paris Cité, INSERM UMR 1137 IAME, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - Marie Petitjean
- University of Paris Cité, INSERM UMR 1137 IAME, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - Etienne Ruppé
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, AP-HP Nord-Université Paris Cité, F-75018 Paris, France
- University of Paris Cité, INSERM UMR 1137 IAME, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - Marina Esposito-Farèse
- URC HUPNVS, Paris, France; INSERM CIC 1425-EC, UMR1123, Clinical Investigation Center, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, AP-HP Nord-Université Paris Cité, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - Anissa Nazimoudine
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, AP-HP Nord-Université Paris Cité, F-75018 Paris, France
| | | | | | - Sophie Matheron
- University of Paris Cité, INSERM UMR 1137 IAME, F-75018 Paris, France
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, AP-HP Nord-Paris Cité University, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - Antoine Andremont
- University of Paris Cité, INSERM UMR 1137 IAME, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - Erick Denamur
- University of Paris Cité, INSERM UMR 1137 IAME, F-75018 Paris, France
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, AP-HP Nord-Université Paris Cité, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - Laurence Armand-Lefevre
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, AP-HP Nord-Université Paris Cité, F-75018 Paris, France
- University of Paris Cité, INSERM UMR 1137 IAME, F-75018 Paris, France
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Dang M, Dien TD, Ha VT, Hua VC, Thanh NTH, Nowak BF. Epitheliocystis in armoured catfish (Pterygoplichthys spp.), anabas (Anabas testudineus) and tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in central Vietnam. J Fish Dis 2022; 45:755-760. [PMID: 35180313 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mai Dang
- Institute for Veterinary Research and Development of Central Vietnam, Nha Trang, Vietnam
| | - Tran Duc Dien
- Coastal Branch, Vietnam - Russia Tropical Center, Nha Trang, Vietnam
| | - Vo Thi Ha
- Coastal Branch, Vietnam - Russia Tropical Center, Nha Trang, Vietnam
| | - Viet Cuong Hua
- Institute for Veterinary Research and Development of Central Vietnam, Nha Trang, Vietnam
| | | | - Barbara F Nowak
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
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Abstract
AIM The objective of this paper is to examine the level of psychiatric symptoms and associated factors among Thai migrants from the southernmost Thai provinces of Pattani, Yala, and Narithiwat who are working in Malaysia. Comparisons will be made with the sending population in the southernmost provinces of Thailand. METHODS Data are drawn from survey and in-depth interviews with Thai migrants who are working in Malaysia. Comparisons are made with a probability sample of working age adults in Thailand. The twenty item Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) was the measure of mental health. RESULTS The study found that the migrants, on average, have normal levels of psychiatric symptoms. However, although about 24% of migrants reported more eight or more symptoms that may indicate a need for evaluation. There are many stressors in their lives including distance from families, reduced social support, legal matters surrounding immigration, and discrimination/exploitation of migrant groups. CONCLUSION The study highlights the need for policy makers and non-governmental organizations to give attention to migrants' mental health, well-being and sustainable livelihoods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Ford
- Institute of Population and Social Research, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Aree Jampaklay
- Institute of Population and Social Research, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Aphichat Chamatrithirong
- Institute of Population and Social Research, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
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Rai SS, Syurina EV, Peters RMH, Putri AI, Irwanto I, Zweekhorst MBM. How do Positive Deviants Overcome Health-Related Stigma? An Exploration of Development of Positive Deviance Among People With Stigmatized Health Conditions in Indonesia. Qual Health Res 2022; 32:622-634. [PMID: 34904455 PMCID: PMC8853968 DOI: 10.1177/10497323211058164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A constructivist grounded theory approach was used to understand how some people living with stigmatized health conditions develop positive deviance to overcome stigma. We examined interviews from 13 identified positive deviants living with four different stigmatized health conditions (HIV, leprosy, schizophrenia, and diabetes) in Indonesia. Positive deviance develops in the form of psychological empowerment through improvement of self-belief and perception (intrapersonal component), development of understanding and skill to exert control in life (interactional component), and self-discovery of successful behaviors and strategies to avert stigma (behavioral component). Positive deviants, after being empowered, start empowering others affected by sharing their knowledge and fostering social awareness and acceptance. The findings revealed the presence of problem-solving ability and agency within the community of stigmatized individuals in Indonesia and warrant researchers to partner with the community to expedite the diffusion of transferable positive deviant strategies within and outside the communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarju Sing Rai
- Athena Institute, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena V. Syurina
- Athena Institute, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruth M. H. Peters
- Athena Institute, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annisa Ika Putri
- Athena Institute, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Irwanto Irwanto
- Faculty of Psychology, Atma Jaya Catholic University, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Lay KK, Jeamsripong S, Sunn KP, Angkititrakul S, Prathan R, Srisanga S, Chuanchuen R. Colistin Resistance and ESBL Production in Salmonella and Escherichia coli from Pigs and Pork in the Thailand, Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Myanmar Border Area. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:657. [PMID: 34072965 PMCID: PMC8226727 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10060657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to examine the prevalence and genetic characteristics of ESBL-production and colistin resistance in Salmonella and Escherichia coli from pigs and pork in the border area among Thailand, Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Myanmar. Salmonella (n = 463) and E. coli (n = 767) isolates were collected from pig rectal swab from slaughterhouses (n = 441) and pork from retail markets (n = 368) during October 2017 and March 2018. All were determined for susceptibility to colistin and cephalosporins, ESBL production and mcr and ESBL genes. Salmonella was predominantly found in Cambodia (65.8%). Serovars Rissen (35.6%) and Anatum (15.3%) were the most common. The E. coli prevalence in pork was above 91% in all countries. Colistin-resistance rate in E. coli (10.4%) was significantly higher than Salmonella (2.6%). ESBL-producing Salmonella (1.9%) and E. coli (6.3%) were detected. The blaCTX-M-55 and blaCTX-M-14 were identified. The mcr-1 gene was detected in Salmonella (n = 12) and E. coli (n = 68). The mcr-1/blaCTX-M-55 and mcr-3/blaCTX-M-55 co-concurrence was observed in one Salmonella and three E. coli isolates, respectively. In conclusion, pigs and pork serve as carriers of colistin and new generation cephalosporins resistance. Testing for resistance to last line antibiotics should be included in national AMR surveillance program using One Health approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khin Khin Lay
- Department of Animal Science, University of Veterinary Science, Nay Phi Tau 15013, Myanmar;
| | - Saharuetai Jeamsripong
- Research Unit in Microbial Food Safety and Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (S.J.); (K.P.S.); (R.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Kyaw Phyoe Sunn
- Research Unit in Microbial Food Safety and Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (S.J.); (K.P.S.); (R.P.); (S.S.)
- Division of Public Health, Department of Livestock Breeding and Veterinary, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation, Nay Phi Tau 15011, Myanmar
| | - Sunpetch Angkititrakul
- Research Group for Prevention Technology in Livestock, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
| | - Ransiya Prathan
- Research Unit in Microbial Food Safety and Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (S.J.); (K.P.S.); (R.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Songsak Srisanga
- Research Unit in Microbial Food Safety and Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (S.J.); (K.P.S.); (R.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Rungtip Chuanchuen
- Research Unit in Microbial Food Safety and Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (S.J.); (K.P.S.); (R.P.); (S.S.)
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Brands B, Chomtho S, Suthutvoravut U, Chiong Meng Boey C, Tang SF, Godfrey KM, Koletzko B. Early Nutrition eAcademy Southeast Asia e-Learning for Enhancing Knowledge on Nutrition during the First 1000 Days of Life. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1817. [PMID: 32570814 PMCID: PMC7353257 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The double burden of both under- and overnutrition during the first 1000 days is highly prevalent in Southeast Asia (SEA), with major implications for lifelong health. Tackling this burden requires healthcare professionals (HCPs) to acquire evidence-based current knowledge and counselling skills. We assessed the needs of HCPs in SEA and developed a continuing medical education/professional development (CME/CPD) program using an e-learning platform to reduce existing gaps. METHODS European, Thai and Malaysian universities collaborated with SEA national nutrition associations in the Early Nutrition eAcademy Southeast Asia (ENeA SEA) project. We assessed HCPs' needs using questionnaires and mapped CME/CPD programmes and regulations through stakeholder questionnaires. Using a co-creation approach, we established an e-learning platform. Evaluation in users was undertaken using questionnaires. RESULTS HCPs in SEA reported major training gaps relating to the first 1000 days of nutrition and limited impact of existing face-to-face training. Existing pre/postgraduate, residency and CME/CPD programmes did not adequately address the topic. To address these gaps, we produced a targeted e-learning platform with six modules and CME-tests. National ministries, Thai and Malaysian universities, and professional associations endorsed the training platform. To date, over 2600 HCPs have registered. Evaluation shows high acceptance and a very positive assessment. CONCLUSIONS Dedicated e-learning can reduce major gaps in HCP training in SEA regarding nutrition during the first 1000 days of life at scale and is highly valued by both users and key stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Brands
- Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, University Hospital, LMU—Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, D-80377 Munich, Germany;
| | - Sirinuch Chomtho
- Pediatric Nutrition STAR, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Umaporn Suthutvoravut
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | | | - Swee Fong Tang
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia;
| | - Keith M. Godfrey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK;
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, University Hospital, LMU—Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, D-80377 Munich, Germany;
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Wang P, Che J, Liu Q, Li K, Jin JQ, Jiang K, Shi L, Guo P. A revised taxonomy of Asian snail-eating snakes Pareas (Squamata, Pareidae): evidence from morphological comparison and molecular phylogeny. Zookeys 2020; 939:45-64. [PMID: 32577082 PMCID: PMC7297803 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.939.49309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Asian snail-eating snakes Pareas is the largest genus of the family Pareidae (formerly Pareatidae), and widely distributed in Southeast Asia. However, potential diversity remains poorly explored due to their highly conserved morphology and incomplete samples. Here, on basis of more extensive sampling, interspecific phylogenetic relationships of the genus Pareas were reconstructed using two mitochondrial fragments (cyt b and ND4) and two nuclear genes (c-mos and Rag1), and multivariate morphometrics conducted for external morphological data. Both Bayesian Inference and Maximum Likelihood analyses consistently showed that the genus Pareas was comprised of two distinct, monophyletic lineages with moderate to low support values. Based on evidences from molecular phylogeny and morphological data, cryptic diversity of this genus was uncovered and two new species were described. In additional, the validity of P.macularius is confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin 644007, China Xinjiang Agricultural University Urumqi China.,College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China Yibin University Yibin China
| | - Jing Che
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China
| | - Qin Liu
- College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin 644007, China Xinjiang Agricultural University Urumqi China
| | - Ke Li
- College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin 644007, China Xinjiang Agricultural University Urumqi China
| | - Jie Qiong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China
| | - Ke Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China
| | - Lei Shi
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China Yibin University Yibin China
| | - Peng Guo
- College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin 644007, China Xinjiang Agricultural University Urumqi China
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10
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Jang S, Ekyalongo Y, Kim H. Systematic Review of Displacement and Health Impact From Natural Disasters in Southeast Asia. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2021; 15:105-14. [PMID: 31959272 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2019.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Disaster-induced displacement is associated with an increased risk of physical and mental health disorders. We aim to understand (1) the magnitude and pattern of natural disasters, affected-population, and deaths by analyzing the surveillance data by the Emergency Events Database and (2) health outcomes by a systematic review of previous studies (1975-2017), which reported physical or mental health outcomes and epidemiological measure of association among population displaced by natural disasters in Southeast Asia. A total of 674 disasters, mainly floods, storms, and earthquakes, occurred between 2004 and 2017. From the systematic review, among 6 studies met inclusion criteria, which focused on mental health (n = 5) and physical health (n = 1). All studies describing mental health resulted from the 2004 tsunami in Ache, Indonesia. We found over 7 times more publications for the disasters in Far East Asia. Selected studies revealed significantly worse mental health outcomes and poor physical health among displaced population compared with nondisplaced population. Despite the alarmingly large population displaced by natural disasters in Southeast Asia, very few studies investigate physical and mental health outcomes of such crisis. Following the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030, researcher and policy-makers have to present more resources toward preventing and mitigating health outcomes.
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Leong KF, Sato R, Oh GGK, Surana U, Pramono ZAD. Blau Syndrome Associated with Nucleotide-binding Oligomerization Domain Containing 2 Mutation in a Baby from Malaysia. Indian J Dermatol 2019; 64:400-403. [PMID: 31543536 PMCID: PMC6749758 DOI: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_44_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Blau syndrome (BS) is a very rare autosomal dominant juvenile inflammatory disorder caused by mutation in nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2). Usually, dermatitis is the first symptom that appears in the 1st year of life. About 220 BS cases with confirmed NOD2 mutation have been reported. However, the rarity and lack of awareness of the disease, especially in the regions where genetic tests are very limited, often result in late diagnosis and misdiagnosis. Here, we report a de novo BS case from Malaysia, which may be the first report from southeast Asia. PCR and DNA sequencing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells were performed to screen the entire coding region of NOD2 gene. A heterozygous c.1000C>T transition in exon 4, p. R334W, of the NOD2 gene was identified in the patient. This report further reaffirms the ubiquitousness of the disease and recurrency of p. R334W mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kin Fon Leong
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Pediatric, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Jalan Pahang, Kuala Lumpur 50586, Malaysia
| | - Reiko Sato
- Department of Research, National Skin Center, Singapore 308205, Singapore
| | | | - Uttam Surana
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, AStar, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore.,Singapore Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Singapore 138668, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117660, Singapore
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12
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Taylor PG, Cleveland CC, Soper F, Wieder WR, Dobrowski SZ, Doughty CE, Townsend AR. Greater stem growth, woody allocation, and aboveground biomass in Paleotropical forests than in Neotropical forests. Ecology 2019; 100:e02589. [PMID: 30801709 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Forest dynamics and tree species composition vary substantially between Paleotropical and Neotropical forests, but these broad biogeographic regions are treated uniformly in many land models. To assess whether these regional differences translate into variation in productivity and carbon (C) storage, we compiled a database of climate, tree stem growth, litterfall, aboveground net primary production (ANPP), and aboveground biomass across tropical rainforest sites spanning 33 countries throughout Central and South America, Asia, and Australasia, but excluding Africa due to a paucity of available data. Though the sum of litterfall and stem growth (ANPP) did not differ between regions, both stem growth and the ratio of stem growth to litterfall were higher in Paleotropical forests compared to Neotropical forests across the full observed range of ANPP. Greater C allocation to woody growth likely explains the much larger aboveground biomass estimates in Paleotropical forests (~29%, or ~80 Mg DW/ha, greater than in the Neotropics). Climate was similar in Paleo- and Neotropical forests, thus the observed differences in C likely reflect differences in the evolutionary history of species and forest structure and function between regions. Our analysis suggests that Paleotropical forests, which can be dominated by tall-statured Dipterocarpaceae species, may be disproportionate hotspots for aboveground C storage. Land models typically treat these distinct tropical forests with differential structures as a single functional unit, but our findings suggest that this may overlook critical biogeographic variation in C storage potential among regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip G Taylor
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, 80309-0450, USA
| | - Cory C Cleveland
- Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, 59812, USA
| | - Fiona Soper
- Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, 59812, USA
| | - William R Wieder
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, 80309-0450, USA.,Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, 80307, USA
| | - Solomon Z Dobrowski
- Department of Forest Management, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, 59812, USA
| | - Christopher E Doughty
- School of Informatics, Computing and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, 86011, USA
| | - Alan R Townsend
- Environmental Program, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, Colorado, 80903, USA
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13
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Horwood PF, Horm SV, Suttie A, Thet S, Y P, Rith S, Sorn S, Holl D, Tum S, Ly S, Karlsson EA, Tarantola A, Dussart P. Co-circulation of Influenza A H5, H7, and H9 Viruses and Co-infected Poultry in Live Bird Markets, Cambodia. Emerg Infect Dis 2019; 24:352-355. [PMID: 29350140 PMCID: PMC5782910 DOI: 10.3201/eid2402.171360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Longitudinal surveillance of 2 live bird markets in Cambodia revealed year-round, high co-circulation of H5, H7, and H9 influenza viruses. We detected influenza A viruses in 51.3% of ducks and 39.6% of chickens, and co-infections, mainly by H5 and H9 viruses, in 0.8% of ducks and 4.5% of chickens.
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14
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Lourenço WR, Košulič O. A new remarkable species of Alloscorpiops Vachon, 1980 from Myanmar (Burma) (Scorpiones, Scorpiopidae). Zookeys 2018; 775:47-58. [PMID: 30057470 PMCID: PMC6058010 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.775.24248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the genera of the family Scorpiopidae Kraepelin, 1905 Alloscorpiops remains yet rather discrete. New species were added to this genus only recently, increasing its number from two to six. Therefore, species of Alloscorpiops can be considered rare and uncommonly collected. One particular new species, Alloscorpiops viktoriaesp. n., is described based on two females and one pre-adult male collected from the northern part of central Myanmar (Burma). The new species presents most features exhibited by scorpions of the genus Alloscorpiops, but it is characterised by a moderate to small size, very strongly marked granulation, and a particular trichobothrial pattern. Aspects of the ecology and distribution of the new species are discussed and compared with those of other species of genus Alloscorpiops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson R. Lourenço
- Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), UMR7205-CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE, CP 53, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Ondřej Košulič
- Department of Forest Protection and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, Brno, Czech Republic
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15
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Aung YL, Mu AT, Jin X. Odontochilus putaoensis (Cranichideae, Orchidaceae), a new species from Myanmar. PhytoKeys 2018; 103:19-26. [PMID: 29997446 PMCID: PMC6037650 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.103.25913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Odontochilus putaoensis, a new species of Orchidaceae, is described and illustrated from Putao Township, Kachin State, Myanmar. Odontochilus putaoensis is close to O. duplex, but can be easily distinguished from the latter by having a light yellow lip, a bisaccate hypochile with a small, erect, blade-like and emarginate callus within each sac, a mesochile with a pair of dentate-pectinate flanges and a bilobed epichile with a pair of widely diverging lobes that are erect and concave. An identification key to the Southeast Asian species of Odontochilus and colour photographs of O. putaoensis are provided. A preliminary conservation assessment according to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria is given for the new species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Lwin Aung
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Aye Thin Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Xiaohua Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw 05282, Myanmar
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16
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Ségéral O, Nerrienet E, Neth S, Spire B, Khol V, Ferradini L, Sarun S, Mom C, Ngin S, Charpentier C, Men P, Mora M, Mean Chhi V, Ly P, Saphonn V. Positive Virological Outcomes of HIV-Infected Patients on Protease Inhibitor-Based Second-Line Regimen in Cambodia: The ANRS 12276 2PICAM Study. Front Public Health 2018; 6:63. [PMID: 29662875 PMCID: PMC5890147 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Assessment of virological outcomes among HIV-infected patients receiving protease (PR) inhibitor-based second-line regimen are uncommon in Cambodia. The objective of this study is to assess the virological effectiveness of this regimen as well as impact of adherence boosting for patients experiencing virological failure. Methods The 2PICAM study (Clinicaltrial: NCT01801618) is a cross-sectional study of HIV-infected adults on PR inhibitor-based second-line regimen since at least 6 months, conducted in 13 representative sites, comprising more than 90% of the target population. Adults with HIV RNA above 250 copies/mL (threshold of the assay) at inclusion received boosted adherence counseling during 3 months followed by HIV RNA control. For confirmed virological failure, genotype resistance test was performed and expert committee used results for therapeutic decision. Results Among the 1,317 adults enrolled, the median duration of second-line regimen was 5 years. At inclusion, 1,182 (89.7%) patients achieved virological success (<250 copies/mL) and 135 (10.3%) experienced a virological failure (>250 copies/mL). In multivariable analysis, factors associated with virological success were: CD4 cell count between 201 and 350/mm3 (OR: 4.66, 95% CI: 2.57–8.47, p < 0.0001) and >350/mm3 (OR: 6.67, 95% CI: 4.02–11.06, p < 0.0001), duration of PI-based regimen >2 years (OR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.03–2.62, p = 0.037), ATV-containing regimen (0R: 1.65, 95% CI: 1.04–2.63, p = 0.034) and high level of adherence (OR: 2.41, 95% CI: 1.07–5.41, p = 0.033). After adherence counseling, 63 (46.7%) patients were rescued while 72 (53.3%) were not. For the 54 patients with genotype resistance tests available, high or intermediate levels of resistance to lopinavir, atazanavir, and darunavir were reported for 13 (24%), 12 (22.2%), and 2 (3.7%) patients, respectively. Change to an alternative PR inhibitor-based regimen was recommended for 17 patients and to third-line regimen, including integrase inhibitors for 12. Conclusion This study reports high rate of virological suppression of second-line regimen and importance of adherence boosting prior to deciding any change of ART regimen. Genotype resistance tests appear necessary to guide decisions. Such information was of great importance for National HIV Program to adapt guidelines and program needs for third-line regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Ségéral
- French Agency for Research on AIDS and Viral Hepatitis (ANRS), Paris, France.,University of Health Sciences (UHS), Phnom-Penh, Cambodia
| | - Eric Nerrienet
- Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,France Expertise Internationale, Paris, France
| | - Sansothy Neth
- University of Health Sciences (UHS), Phnom-Penh, Cambodia
| | - Bruno Spire
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale, Marseille, France
| | - Vohith Khol
- National Center for HIV/AIDS, Dermatology and STD (NCHADS), Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | | | - Saramony Sarun
- University of Health Sciences (UHS), Phnom-Penh, Cambodia
| | - Chandara Mom
- National Center for HIV/AIDS, Dermatology and STD (NCHADS), Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sopheak Ngin
- National Center for HIV/AIDS, Dermatology and STD (NCHADS), Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Charlotte Charpentier
- INSERM, IAME, UMR 1137, Paris, France.,Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, Laboratoire de Virologie, Paris, France
| | | | - Marion Mora
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale, Marseille, France
| | - Vun Mean Chhi
- University of Health Sciences (UHS), Phnom-Penh, Cambodia
| | - Penhsun Ly
- National Center for HIV/AIDS, Dermatology and STD (NCHADS), Phnom Penh, Cambodia
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17
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Pomeroy-Stevens A, Shrestha MB, Biradavolu M, Hachhethu K, Houston R, Sharma I, Wun J. Prioritizing and Funding Nepal's Multisector Nutrition Plan. Food Nutr Bull 2017; 37:S151-S169. [PMID: 27909260 DOI: 10.1177/0379572116674555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nepal has a long tradition of designing good multisectoral nutrition policy. However, success of policy implementation has varied. More evidence on how to successfully carry out multisector nutrition policy is needed. OBJECTIVE We tracked the influence of Nepal's multisectoral nutrition plan (MSNP) on the process of priority setting and budgeting from 2014 to 2016. METHODS This study used a mixed-method longitudinal design to track qualitative and budgetary changes related to MSNP processes nationally as well as in 3 districts. Qualitative changes in each study area were assessed through interviews, observation, news content, and meeting notes. Changes in allocations and expenditures were calculated based on budget documents, work plans, and validation interviews. RESULTS Improved understanding of the MSNP was documented nationally and in study districts but not in VDCs. Human resources, ownership, bottom-up planning, coordination, advocacy, and sustainable structures all emerged as important factors within the enabling environment. Evidence suggests the MSNP influenced improvements in the last 3 factors. We also found notable increases in activities and financing for nutrition-allocations increased steadily between FY 2013-2014 and FY 2015-2016, and 28% of total nutrition allocations in the final year came from new or expanded MSNP-affiliated activities. Data from 3 districts highlight challenges linking local planning and budgeting to central-level structures. CONCLUSIONS The MSNP appears to have strengthened the nutrition system in Nepal and increased priority and funding for nutrition. Next steps include strengthening linkages to the districts and below. Other countries can learn from the MSNP's success in increasing investment for nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jolene Wun
- SPRING Project, Arlington, VA, USA.,John Snow Inc (JSI), Arlington, VA, USA
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18
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Watiroyram S, Sanoamuang LO. A new species of Mongolodiaptomus Kiefer, 1938 from northeast Thailand and a key to the species (Crustacea, Copepoda, Calanoida, Diaptomidae). Zookeys 2017:15-32. [PMID: 29118642 PMCID: PMC5674175 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.710.13941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This study describes the new species Mongolodiaptomusloeiensissp. n. collected from a temporary pond nearby a cave located in Loei Province, in northeastern Thailand. Mongolodiaptomusloeiensissp. n. is similar to M.calcarus (Shen & Tai, 1965) in the male but can be distinguished from its congeners by the following unique characteristics in the males: (1) the right caudal ramus has 3 ventral chitinous prominences; (2) intercoxal plate of P5 is produced into 2 spine-like lobes on distal margin; (3) the basis of right P5 has a subglobular chitinous prominence on mid-distal caudal surface; and (4) the principal lateral spine on the right Exp-2 P5 is extremely bent at its tip. The occurrence of diaptomid copepods in the study area is discussed and an identification key to worldwide species of the genus Mongolodiaptomus Kiefer, 1938 is presented herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santi Watiroyram
- Division of Biology, Faculty of Science, Nakhon Phanom University, Nakhon Phanom 48000, Thailand
| | - La-Orsri Sanoamuang
- Applied Taxonomic Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,International College, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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19
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Chanabun R, Inkavilay K, Panha S. New species of semi-aquatic freshwater earthworm genus Glyphidrilus Horst, 1889 from Thailand and Laos (Oligochaeta, Almidae). Zookeys 2017:1-34. [PMID: 28769665 PMCID: PMC5527339 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.672.10212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Seven new species of semi-aquatic freshwater earthworms belonging to the genus Glyphidrilus Horst, 1889 are described from Thailand and Laos, Glyphidrilusnanensis Chanabun & Panha sp. n., G.satunensis Chanabun & Panha sp. n., G.chiangraiensis Chanabun & Panha sp. n., G.namphao Chanabun & Panha sp. n., G.sekongensis Chanabun & Panha sp. n., G.namdonensis Chanabun & Panha sp. n., and G.champasakensis Chanabun & Panha sp. n. The species are characterized by their external and internal morphological characteristics, as well as body sizes. Other morphological character differences between these seven species were also compared, and an identification key is provided. The relationships of the new species to congeners are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratmanee Chanabun
- Program in Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture Technology, Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand.,Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Khamla Inkavilay
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, National University of Laos, Vientiane, Laos P.D.R
| | - Somsak Panha
- Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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20
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Lasko K, Vadrevu KP, Tran VT, Ellicott E, Nguyen TTN, Bui HQ, Justice C. Satellites may underestimate rice residue and associated burning emissions in Vietnam. Environ Res Lett 2017; 12:085006. [PMID: 30705690 PMCID: PMC6350917 DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/aa751d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we estimate rice residue, associated burning emissions, and compare results with existing emissions inventories employing a bottom-up approach. We first estimated field-level post-harvest rice residues, including separate fuel-loading factors for rice straw and rice stubble. Results suggested fuel-loading factors of 0.27 kg m-2 (±0.033), 0.61 kg m-2 (±0.076), and 0.88 kg m-2 (±0.083) for rice straw, stubble, and total post-harvest biomass, respectively. Using these factors, we quantified potential emissions from rice residue burning and compared our estimates with other studies. Our results suggest total rice residue burning emissions as 2.24 Gg PM2.5, 36.54 Gg CO and 567.79 Gg CO2 for Hanoi Province, which are significantly higher than earlier studies. We attribute our higher emission estimates to improved fuel-loading factors; moreover, we infer that some earlier studies relying on residue-to-product ratios could be underestimating rice residue emissions by more than a factor of 2.3 for Hanoi, Vietnam. Using the rice planted area data from the Vietnamese government, and combining our fuel-loading factors, we also estimated rice residue PM2.5 emissions for the entirety of Vietnam and compared these estimates with an existing all-sources emissions inventory, and the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED). Results suggest 75.98 Gg of PM2.5 released from rice residue burning accounting for 12.8% of total emissions for Vietnam. The GFED database suggests 42.56 Gg PM2.5 from biomass burning with 5.62 Gg attributed to agricultural waste burning indicating satellite-based methods may be significantly underestimating emissions. Our results not only provide improved residue and emission estimates, but also highlight the need for emissions mitigation from rice residue burning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristofer Lasko
- Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States of America
- Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed.,
| | - Krishna P Vadrevu
- Earth Science Office, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, United States of America
| | - Vinh T Tran
- Faculty of Information Technology, Hanoi Pedagogical University 2, Vinh Phuc, Viet Nam
| | - Evan Ellicott
- Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States of America
| | - Thanh T N Nguyen
- University of Engineering and Technology, Vietnam National University Ha Noi, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | - Hung Q Bui
- University of Engineering and Technology, Vietnam National University Ha Noi, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | - Christopher Justice
- Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States of America
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21
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Poyarkov NA, Duong TV, Orlov NL, Gogoleva SS, Vassilieva AB, Nguyen LT, Nguyen VDH, Nguyen SN, Che J, Mahony S. Molecular, morphological and acoustic assessment of the genus Ophryophryne (Anura, Megophryidae) from Langbian Plateau, southern Vietnam, with description of a new species. Zookeys 2017:49-120. [PMID: 28769667 PMCID: PMC5527341 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.672.10624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Asian Mountain Toads (Ophryophryne) are a poorly known genus of mostly small-sized anurans from southeastern China and Indochina. To shed light on the systematics within this group, the most comprehensive mitochondrial DNA phylogeny for the genus to date is presented, and the taxonomy and biogeography of this group is discussed. Complimented with extensive morphological data (including associated statistical analyses), molecular data indicates that the Langbian Plateau, in the southern Annamite Mountains, Vietnam, is one of the diversity centres of this genus where three often sympatric species of Ophryophryne are found, O.gerti, O.synoria and an undescribed species. To help resolve outstanding taxonomic confusion evident in literature (reviewed herein), an expanded redescription of O.gerti is provided based on the examination of type material, and the distributions of both O.gerti and O.synoria are considerably revised based on new locality records. We provide the first descriptions of male mating calls for all three species, permitting a detailed bioacoustics comparison of the species. We describe the new species from highlands of the northern and eastern Langbian Plateau, and distinguish it from its congeners by a combination of morphological, molecular and acoustic characters. The new species represents one of the smallest known members of the genus Ophryophryne. At present, the new species is known from montane evergreen forest between 700–2200 m a.s.l. We suggest the species should be considered Data Deficient following IUCN’s Red List categories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay A Poyarkov
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Biological faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory, Moscow, GSP-1, 119991, Russia.,Joint Russian-Vietnamese Tropical Research and Technological Center, 63 Nguyen Van Huyen Road, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tang Van Duong
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Biological faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory, Moscow, GSP-1, 119991, Russia.,Vietnam National Museum of Nature, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nikolai L Orlov
- Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab., 1, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Svetlana S Gogoleva
- Joint Russian-Vietnamese Tropical Research and Technological Center, 63 Nguyen Van Huyen Road, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam.,A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr., 33, Moscow 119071, Russia.,Zoological Museum of the Lomonosov Moscow State University, Bolshaya Nikitskaya st. 6, Moscow 125009, Russia
| | - Anna B Vassilieva
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Biological faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory, Moscow, GSP-1, 119991, Russia.,Joint Russian-Vietnamese Tropical Research and Technological Center, 63 Nguyen Van Huyen Road, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam.,A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr., 33, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Luan Thanh Nguyen
- Institute of Tropical Biology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 85 Tran Quoc Toan St., District 3, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Vu Dang Hoang Nguyen
- Institute of Tropical Biology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 85 Tran Quoc Toan St., District 3, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Sang Ngoc Nguyen
- Institute of Tropical Biology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 85 Tran Quoc Toan St., District 3, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Jing Che
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution State, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China.,Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw 05282, Myanmar
| | - Stephen Mahony
- UCD School of Biology and Environmental Science, UCD Science Centre (West), University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.,Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, South Kensington, London, United Kingdom
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22
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Che Jusoh MR, Stannard SR, Mündel T. Sago supplementation for recovery from cycling in a warm-humid environment and its influence on subsequent cycling physiology and performance. Temperature (Austin) 2017; 3:444-454. [PMID: 28349084 PMCID: PMC5079217 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2016.1179382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study determined whether sago porridge ingested immediately after exercise (Exercise 1) in warm-humid conditions (30 ± 1°C, 71 ± 4 % RH; 20 km·h−1 frontal airflow) conferred more rapid recovery, as measured by repeat performance (Exercise 2), compared to a control condition. Eight well-trained, male cyclists/triathletes (34 ± 9 y, VO2peak 70 ± 10 ml·kg−1·min−1, peak aerobic power 413 ± 75 W) completed two 15-min time-trials pre-loaded with 15-min warm-up cycling following >24h standardization of training and diet. Mean power output was not different between trials during Exercise 1 (286 ± 67 vs. 281 ± 59 W), however, was reduced during Exercise 2 for control (274 ± 61 W) but not sago (283 ± 60 W) that led to a significant performance decrement (vs. Exercise 1) of 3.9% for control and an improvement (vs. control) of 3.7% for sago during Exercise 2 (P < 0.05). Sago ingestion was also associated with higher blood glucose concentrations during recovery compared to control. These results indicate that feeding sago during recovery from exercise in a warm-humid environment improves recovery of performance during a subsequent exercise bout when compared to a water-only control. As these effects were larger than the test-retest coefficient of variation for work completed during the 15-min time-trial (2.3%) it can be confidently concluded that the observed effects are real.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen R Stannard
- School of Sport and Exercise, Massey University , Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Toby Mündel
- School of Sport and Exercise, Massey University , Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Lin Y, Koh JKH, Koponen S, Li S. Taxonomic notes on the armored spiders of the families Pacullidae and Tetrablemmidae (Arachnida, Araneae) from Singapore. Zookeys 2017; 661:15-60. [PMID: 28769602 PMCID: PMC5539366 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.661.10677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Eight species of armored spiders belonging to two families, Pacullidae Simon, 1894 and Tetrablemmidae O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873, are reported from Singapore. Five species are documented as new to science: Paculla bukittimahensis Lin & Li, sp. n. (male and female), Paculla globosa Lin & Li, sp. n. (male and female), Ablemma malacca Lin & Li, sp. n. (male and female), Singaporemma lenachanae Lin & Li, sp. n. (male and female), and Sulaimania brevis Lin & Li, sp. n. (male). The three known species are Brignoliella besutensis Lin, Li & Jäger, 2012, Brignoliella michaeli Lehtinen, 1981, and Singaporemma singulare Shear, 1978, of which the female of Brignoliella besutensis is described for the first time. For comparison, types of Singaporemma adjacens Lehtinen, 1981 from Vietnam, Singaporemma halongense Lehtinen, 1981 from Vietnam, Singaporemma singulare from Singapore and Sulaimania vigelandi Lehtinen, 1981 from Malaysia are studied and photographed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucheng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw 05282, Myanmar
| | - Joseph K H Koh
- National Biodiversity Centre, National Parks Board, Singapore 259569
| | - Seppo Koponen
- Zoological Museum, Biodiversity Unit, FI-20014 University of Turku, Finland
| | - Shuqiang Li
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Le M, Penaloza F, Martins R, Nguyen TV, Nguyen HM, Nguyen DX, Nguyen LD, Wilting A. Complete mitochondrial genomes of the Laotian Rock Rat ( Laonastes aenigmamus) confirm deep divergence within the species. Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2016; 1:479-482. [PMID: 33473528 PMCID: PMC7800421 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2016.1186520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial genomes of five Laotian Rock Rat (Laonastes aenigmamus) samples from Vietnam and Laos were sequenced using an Illumina platform. After de novo assembly, 13 protein-coding genes and two rRNA (12S and 16S) of the five genomes were aligned and analyzed with those from other related species under maximum likelihood and Bayesian inferences. Both methods revealed congruent tree topologies, which support two independently evolving clades of L. aenigmamus from Laos and Vietnam. The relaxed time calibration analysis showed that the two major lineages of the Laotian Rock Rat split about 8 million years ago, which was consistent with the results from previous studies using only cytochrome b sequences. Such a deep divergence time suggests the recognition of two rock rat species, but further nuclear DNA and morphological data are needed to solve the taxonomy of this taxon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Le
- Department of Environmental Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Science, Hanoi University of Science, VNU, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Centre for Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, VNU, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Renata Martins
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thanh V Nguyen
- Centre for Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, VNU, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ha M Nguyen
- U.S. Agency for International Development, Governance for Inclusive Growth Program, Chemonics International Inc, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dang X Nguyen
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Andreas Wilting
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany
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25
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Woodrow CJ, White NJ. The clinical impact of artemisinin resistance in Southeast Asia and the potential for future spread. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2016; 41:34-48. [PMID: 27613271 PMCID: PMC5424521 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuw037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Artemisinins are the most rapidly acting of currently available antimalarial drugs. Artesunate has become the treatment of choice for severe malaria, and artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) are the foundation of modern falciparum malaria treatment globally. Their safety and tolerability profile is excellent. Unfortunately, Plasmodium falciparum infections with mutations in the ‘K13’ gene, with reduced ring-stage susceptibility to artemisinins, and slow parasite clearance in patients treated with ACTs, are now widespread in Southeast Asia. We review clinical efficacy data from the region (2000–2015) that provides strong evidence that the loss of first-line ACTs in western Cambodia, first artesunate-mefloquine and then DHA-piperaquine, can be attributed primarily to K13 mutated parasites. The ring-stage activity of artemisinins is therefore critical for the sustained efficacy of ACTs; once it is lost, rapid selection of partner drug resistance and ACT failure are inevitable consequences. Consensus methods for monitoring artemisinin resistance are now available. Despite increased investment in regional control activities, ACTs are failing across an expanding area of the Greater Mekong subregion. Although multiple K13 mutations have arisen independently, successful multidrug-resistant parasite genotypes are taking over and threaten to spread to India and Africa. Stronger containment efforts and new approaches to sustaining long-term efficacy of antimalarial regimens are needed to prevent a global malaria emergency. Artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum malaria is causing failure of artemisinin-based combination therapies across an expanding area of Southeast Asia, undermining control and elimination efforts. The potential global consequences can only be avoided by new approaches that ensure sustained efficacy for antimalarial regimens in malaria affected populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J Woodrow
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6, Rajvithi Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Nicholas J White
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6, Rajvithi Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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26
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Duong Nguyen TA, Abolafia J, Bonkowski M, Peña-Santiago R. A Third New Species of Aporcelinus (Dorylaimida, Aporcelaimidae) from Vietnam, with the First SEM Study of a Representative of the Genus. J Nematol 2016; 48:104-8. [PMID: 27418703 DOI: 10.21307/jofnem-2017-015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A new species, the third one from Vietnam, of the genus Aporcelinus is described from natural areas. Aporcelinus falcicaudatus sp. n. is characterized by its 1.28 to 1.63 mm long body, lip region offset by weak constriction and 16 to 18 µm broad, odontostyle 18 to 21 µm at its ventral side, neck 354 to 406 µm long, uterus tripartite and 61 to 95 µm long, V = 50 to 55, tail strongly recurved dorsad and conical (23-31 µm, c = 43-58, c' = 0.7-0.9) with finely rounded tip, and male absent. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) study, the first of a representative of the genus, shows a lip region pattern significantly different from that observed in the typical aporcelaimid taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Anh Duong Nguyen
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Zoological Institute, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Straße 47b, D-50674 Cologne, Germany.; Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, Campus 'Las Lagunillas' s/n, Edificio B3, 23071-Jaén, Spain.; Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Joaquín Abolafia
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, Campus 'Las Lagunillas' s/n, Edificio B3, 23071-Jaén, Spain
| | - Michael Bonkowski
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Zoological Institute, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Straße 47b, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Reyes Peña-Santiago
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, Campus 'Las Lagunillas' s/n, Edificio B3, 23071-Jaén, Spain
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Abstract
The ten species of the genus Trypogeus Lacordaire are revised. Trypogeusapicalis Fisher, 1936, is proposed as a new synonym of Trypogeusjavanicus Aurivillius, 1925. A neotype for Trypogeussericeus (Gressitt, 1951) and lectotypes for Toxotusfuscus Nonfried, 1894 and Trypogeusjavanicus are designated. Trypogeusfuscus auct. nec Nonfried is a misidentification of Philusophthalmicus Pascoe. All the species are described and keys are given for distinguishing the species. Photographs of the types of all the Trypogeus species are published for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Vives
- Facultat de Biologia, Departament de Biologia Animal, Avda. Diagonal, 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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28
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Wongprom P, Wiwatwitaya D. One new species of the genus Savarna Huber, 2005 (Araneae, Pholcidae) from southern Thailand. Zookeys 2015:1-5. [PMID: 25931960 PMCID: PMC4410145 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.498.9269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
One new species Savarnakraburiensissp. n. (♂♀) is reported from southern Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasit Wongprom
- Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, Ladyao, Jatujak, Bangkok 10903, Thailand
| | - Decha Wiwatwitaya
- Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, Ladyao, Jatujak, Bangkok 10903, Thailand
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Bunwong S, Chantaranothai P, Keeley SC. Revisions and key to the Vernonieae (Compositae) of Thailand. PhytoKeys 2014; 37:25-101. [PMID: 24843297 PMCID: PMC4023333 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.37.6499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Seventeen genera and 48 species, in five subtribes, are recognized in Thailand. These include 15 endemic taxa, half of which are in the largest genus, Acilepis, with others in the genera Camchaya, Koyamasia, and Okia. A new monotypic genus, Pulicarioidea, is established with P. annamica, the new name for the species formerly known as Vernonia pulicarioides. New combinations are also made for Acilepis kerrii, Cyanthillium montanum, Koyamasia curtisii and Okia pseudobirmanica. Forty-six characters including habit, leaf, flower, achene and pollen morphology were analyzed using UPGMA. Five clusters of taxa were identified. Keys to genera, species and varieties, descriptions, vernacular names, ecological data and illustrations are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhonthip Bunwong
- Maejo University Phrae Campus, Mae Sai, Rong Kwang, Phrae 54140, Thailand
| | - Pranom Chantaranothai
- Applied Taxonomic Research Center, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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Stoev P, Enghoff H. A review of the millipede genus Sinocallipus Zhang, 1993 (Diplopoda, Callipodida, Sinocallipodidae), with notes on gonopods monotony vs. peripheral diversity in millipedes. Zookeys 2011; 90:13-34. [PMID: 21594105 PMCID: PMC3084490 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.90.1291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The millipede genus Sinocallipus is reviewed, with four new cave-dwelling species, Sinocallipus catba, Sinocallipus deharvengi, Sinocallipus jaegeri and Sinocallipus steineri, being described from caves in Laos and Vietnam. With the new records the number of species in the genus reaches six and the genus range is extended to Central Vietnam and North and Central Laos. Both, Sinocallipus jaegeri from Khammouan Province in Laos and Sinocallipus simplipodicus Zhang, 1993 from Yunnan, China, show high level of reduction of eyes, which has not been recorded in other Callipodida. Peripheral characters such as the relative lengths of antennomeres, the number of ocelli, the number of pleurotergites or even the shape of paraprocts and the coloration seem to provide more information for the distinction of the species than do the relatively uniform gonopods. The differences in gonopods mainly concern the shape and length of cannula, the length and shape of coxal processes g and k, and the number of the acicular projections of the femoroid. An explanation is offered for the function of the trochanteral lobe of 9th leg-pair. It provides mechanical support for the cannula and seems to assist sperm charge and insemination during copulation. An identification key to the species in the genus is produced to accommodate the new species. The new species descriptions were automatically exported at the time of publication to a wiki (www.species-id.net) through a specially designed software tool, the Pensoft Wiki Convertor (PWC), implemented here for the first time together with a newly proposed citation mechanism for simultaneous journal/wiki publications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Stoev
- National Museum of Natural History, 1, Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd, 1000 Sofia and Pensoft Publishers, 13a, Geo Milev Str., 1111 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Henrik Enghoff
- Natural History Museum of Denmark (Zoological Museum), University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 København Ø, Denmark
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