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Nguyen TT, Mai TN, Dang-Xuan S, Nguyen-Viet H, Unger F, Lee HS. Emerging zoonotic diseases in Southeast Asia in the period 2011-2022: a systematic literature review. Vet Q 2024; 44:1-15. [PMID: 38229485 PMCID: PMC10795789 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2023.2300965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
As COVID-19 has shown, pandemics and outbreaks of emerging infections such as Zika, Nipah, monkeypox and antimicrobial-resistant pathogens, especially emerging zoonotic diseases, continue to occur and may even be increasing in Southeast Asia. In addition, these infections often result from environmental changes and human behaviour. Overall, public health surveillance to identify gaps in the literature and early warning signs are essential in this region. A systematic review investigated the prevalence of emerging zoonotic diseases over 11 years from 2011 to 2022 in Southeast Asia to understand the status of emerging zoonotic diseases, as well as to provide necessary actions for disease control and prevention in the region. During the 2011-2022 period, studies on pigs, poultry, ruminants, companion animals and wildlife in Southeast Asia were reviewed thoroughly to assess the quality of reporting items for inclusion in the systematic review. The review was performed on 26 studies of pigs, 6 studies of poultry, 21 studies of ruminants, 28 studies of companion animals and 25 studies of wildlife in Southeast Asia, which provide a snapshot of the prevalence of the emerging zoonotic disease across the country. The findings from the review showed that emerging zoonotic diseases were prevalent across the region and identified a few zoonotic diseases associated with poultry, mainly stemming from Cambodia and Vietnam, as high priority in Southeast Asia.Clinical relevance: Appropriate prevention and control measures should be taken to mitigate the emerging zoonotic diseases in Southeast Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Trung Nguyen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thi Ngan Mai
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Sinh Dang-Xuan
- International Livestock Research Institute, Regional Office for East and Southeast Asia, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hung Nguyen-Viet
- International Livestock Research Institute, Regional Office for East and Southeast Asia, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Fred Unger
- International Livestock Research Institute, Regional Office for East and Southeast Asia, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hu Suk Lee
- International Livestock Research Institute, Regional Office for East and Southeast Asia, Hanoi, Vietnam
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
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Adhikari G, Carlin N, Choi JJ, Choi S, Ezeribe AC, França LE, Ha C, Hahn IS, Hollick SJ, Jeon EJ, Jo JH, Joo HW, Kang WG, Kauer M, Kim BH, Kim HJ, Kim J, Kim KW, Kim SH, Kim SK, Kim WK, Kim YD, Kim YH, Ko YJ, Lee DH, Lee EK, Lee H, Lee HS, Lee HY, Lee IS, Lee J, Lee JY, Lee MH, Lee SH, Lee SM, Lee YJ, Leonard DS, Luan NT, Manzato BB, Maruyama RH, Neal RJ, Nikkel JA, Olsen SL, Park BJ, Park HK, Park HS, Park KS, Park SD, Pitta RLC, Prihtiadi H, Ra SJ, Rott C, Shin KA, Cavalcante DFFS, Scarff A, Spooner NJC, Thompson WG, Yang L, Yu GH. Search for Boosted Dark Matter in COSINE-100. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:201802. [PMID: 38039466 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.201802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
We search for energetic electron recoil signals induced by boosted dark matter (BDM) from the galactic center using the COSINE-100 array of NaI(Tl) crystal detectors at the Yangyang Underground Laboratory. The signal would be an excess of events with energies above 4 MeV over the well-understood background. Because no excess of events are observed in a 97.7 kg·yr exposure, we set limits on BDM interactions under a variety of hypotheses. Notably, we explored the dark photon parameter space, leading to competitive limits compared to direct dark photon search experiments, particularly for dark photon masses below 4 MeV and considering the invisible decay mode. Furthermore, by comparing our results with a previous BDM search conducted by the Super-Kamionkande experiment, we found that the COSINE-100 detector has advantages in searching for low-mass dark matter. This analysis demonstrates the potential of the COSINE-100 detector to search for MeV electron recoil signals produced by the dark sector particle interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Adhikari
- Department of Physics and Wright Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - N Carlin
- Physics Institute, University of São Paulo, 05508-090, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J J Choi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - S Choi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - A C Ezeribe
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - L E França
- Physics Institute, University of São Paulo, 05508-090, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C Ha
- Department of Physics, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06973, Republic of Korea
| | - I S Hahn
- Department of Science Education, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
- Center for Exotic Nuclear Studies, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
- IBS School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - S J Hollick
- Department of Physics and Wright Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - E J Jeon
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - J H Jo
- Department of Physics and Wright Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - H W Joo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - W G Kang
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - M Kauer
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - B H Kim
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - H J Kim
- Department of Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - J Kim
- Department of Physics, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06973, Republic of Korea
| | - K W Kim
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - S H Kim
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - S K Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - W K Kim
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
- IBS School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Y D Kim
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
- IBS School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Y H Kim
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
- IBS School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Y J Ko
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - D H Lee
- Department of Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - E K Lee
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - H Lee
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
- IBS School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - H S Lee
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
- IBS School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - H Y Lee
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - I S Lee
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - J Lee
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - J Y Lee
- Department of Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - M H Lee
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
- IBS School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - S H Lee
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
- IBS School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - S M Lee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Y J Lee
- Department of Physics, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06973, Republic of Korea
| | - D S Leonard
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - N T Luan
- Department of Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - B B Manzato
- Physics Institute, University of São Paulo, 05508-090, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R H Maruyama
- Department of Physics and Wright Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - R J Neal
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - J A Nikkel
- Department of Physics and Wright Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - S L Olsen
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - B J Park
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
- IBS School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - H K Park
- Department of Accelerator Science, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - H S Park
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - K S Park
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - S D Park
- Department of Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - R L C Pitta
- Physics Institute, University of São Paulo, 05508-090, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - H Prihtiadi
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - S J Ra
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - C Rott
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - K A Shin
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - D F F S Cavalcante
- Physics Institute, University of São Paulo, 05508-090, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A Scarff
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - N J C Spooner
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - W G Thompson
- Department of Physics and Wright Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - L Yang
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - G H Yu
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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Yoon HK, Kim YJ, Lee HS, Seo JH, Kim HS. A randomised controlled trial of the analgesia nociception index for intra-operative remifentanil dose and pain after gynaecological laparotomy. Anaesthesia 2023; 78:988-994. [PMID: 36960477 DOI: 10.1111/anae.16008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the effect of the analgesia nociception index on postoperative pain. We randomly allocated 170 women scheduled for gynaecological laparotomy and analysed results from 159: in 80 women, remifentanil was infused to maintain analgesia nociception indices 50-70; and in 79 women, remifentanil was infused to maintain systolic blood pressure < 120% of baseline values. The primary outcome was the proportion of women with pain scores ≥ 5 (scale 0-10) within 40 min of admission to recovery. The proportion of women with pain scores ≥ 5 was 62/80 (78%) vs. 64/79 (81%), p = 0.73. Mean (SD) doses of fentanyl in recovery were 53.6 (26.9) μg vs. 54.8 (20.8) μg, p = 0.74. Intra-operative remifentanil doses were 0.124 (0.050) μg.kg-1 .min-1 vs. 0.129 (0.044) μg.kg-1 .min-1 , p = 0.55.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-K Yoon
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y J Kim
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H S Lee
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J-H Seo
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H-S Kim
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Lee DW, Lee HS, Kim SG, Kim KJ, Jung SJ. The rocky road to freedom: number of countries transited during defection and risk of metabolic syndrome among North Korean Refugees in South Korea. Public Health 2023; 221:208-215. [PMID: 37490839 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES North Korean Refugees (NKRs) undergo defection, and this has been shown to impact their current health status in South Korea. However, little is understood about how the defection process is related to metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study regarded the defection process to be a quasi-measurement of traumatic experience and investigated whether defection was a risk factor for MetS among NKRs living in South Korea. STUDY DESIGN This cross-sectional study obtained data from the Korea University Anam Hospital in Seoul. NKRs (N = 847) voluntarily completed questionnaires and underwent at least one medical examination between October 2008 and July 2021. METHODS Multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate whether the number of countries transited by NKRs was associated with MetS by controlling for covariates. RESULTS The prevalence of MetS among male and female NKRs in South Korea was 12.3% and 13.3%, respectively. The highest prevalence of MetS (33.4%) was among NKRs who had transited two countries. The number of months in transit countries (mean: 49.9 ± 51.7) and period of residence in South Korea (mean: 40.9 ± 40.9 months) were also considered. NKRs who transited three countries had a higher probability of MetS (odds ratio [OR] 2.660, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.161-6.097) than those who travelled directly to South Korea. NKRs who transited three countries and had only resided in South Korea for a short period had a higher probability of MetS (OR 3.424, 95% CI 1.149-10.208) than those who have lived in South Korea for a longer period. CONCLUSIONS Considering the social vulnerability of NKRs and consequential health problems, there is an urgent need for appropriate support from the government and society.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea; Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - H S Lee
- Research Investment for Global Health Technology Fund Foundation, Seoul, 03145, Republic of Korea
| | - S G Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Department of Healthcare and Medicine for Unified Korea, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02842, Republic of Korea
| | - K J Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - S J Jung
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea; Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea; Center for Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA; Harvard Center for Population and Developmental Studies, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
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Oh SI, Bui NA, Bui VN, Dao DT, Cho A, Lee HG, Jung YH, Do YJ, Kim E, Bok EY, Hur TY, Lee HS. Pathobiological analysis of african swine fever virus contact-exposed pigs and estimation of the basic reproduction number of the virus in Vietnam. Porcine Health Manag 2023; 9:30. [PMID: 37386526 PMCID: PMC10311738 DOI: 10.1186/s40813-023-00330-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND African swine fever (ASF), caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV), is a fatal disease affecting wild and domestic pigs. Since China reported the first ASF outbreak in August 2018, ASFV has swept over the neighbouring Asian countries. However, studies involving experimental pig-to-pig ASFV transmission in Vietnam are lacking. The main objective of this experimental study was to demonstrate the pathobiological characteristics of ASFV contact-exposed pigs and estimate their basic reproduction number (R0) in Vietnam. Fifteen pigs were randomly divided into two groups: experimental (n = 10) and negative control (n = 5) groups. One pig in the experimental group was intramuscularly inoculated with ASFV strain from Vietnam in 2020 and housed with the uninoculated pigs during the study period (28 days). RESULTS The inoculated pig died 6 days post-inoculation, and the final survival rate was 90.0%. We started observing viremia and excretion of ASFV 10 days post-exposure in contact-exposed pigs. Unlike the surviving and negative control pigs, all necropsied pigs showed severe congestive splenomegaly and moderate-to-severe haemorrhagic lesions in the lymph nodes. The surviving pig presented with mild haemorrhagic lesions in the spleen and kidneys. We used Susceptible-Infectious-Removed models for estimating R0. The R0 values for exponential growth (EG) and maximum likelihood (ML) were calculated to be 2.916 and 4.015, respectively. In addition, the transmission rates (β) were estimated to be 0.729 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.379-1.765) for EG and 1.004 (95% CI: 0.283-2.450) for ML. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed pathobiological and epidemiological information in about pig-to-pig ASFV transmission. Our findings suggested that culling infected herds within a brief period of time may mitigate the spread of ASF outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Ik Oh
- Division of Animal Diseases & Health, Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
- Bio-Safety Research Institute and Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Ngoc Anh Bui
- Virology Department, National Institute of Veterinary Research, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Vuong Nghia Bui
- Virology Department, National Institute of Veterinary Research, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Duy Tung Dao
- Virology Department, National Institute of Veterinary Research, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ara Cho
- Division of Animal Diseases & Health, Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Gyu Lee
- Division of Animal Diseases & Health, Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hun Jung
- Division of Animal Diseases & Health, Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Jung Do
- Division of Animal Diseases & Health, Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunju Kim
- Division of Animal Diseases & Health, Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Yeong Bok
- Division of Animal Diseases & Health, Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Tai-Young Hur
- Division of Animal Diseases & Health, Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hu Suk Lee
- International Livestock Research Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
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Bui VN, Dao TD, Tran LH, Vu TT, Nguyen TH, Nguyen GH, Tran KVD, Nguyen HX, Bui AN, Unger F, Nguyen-Viet H, Lee HS. SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Hippopotamus, Hanoi, Vietnam. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:658-661. [PMID: 36823956 PMCID: PMC9973694 DOI: 10.3201/eid2903.220915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
While investigating the death of a hippopotamus at a zoo in Hanoi, Vietnam, we isolated SARS-CoV-2 and sequenced the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene from different organs. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the SARS-CoV-2 strain was closely related to 3 human SARS-CoV-2 strains in Vietnam.
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Hasahya E, Thakur K, Dione MM, Kerfua SD, Mugezi I, Lee HS. Analysis of patterns of livestock movements in the Cattle Corridor of Uganda for risk-based surveillance of infectious diseases. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1095293. [PMID: 36756309 PMCID: PMC9899994 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1095293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The knowledge of animal movements is key to formulating strategic animal disease control policies and carrying out targeted surveillance. This study describes the characteristics of district-level cattle, small ruminant, and pig trade networks in the Cattle Corridor of Uganda between 2019 and 2021. Methodology The data for the study was extracted from 7,043 animal movement permits (AMPs) obtained from the Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries (MAAIF) of Uganda. Most of the data was on cattle (87.2%), followed by small ruminants (11.2%) and pigs (1.6%). Two types of networks representing animal shipments between districts were created for each species based on monthly (n = 30) and seasonal (n = 10) temporal windows. Measures of centrality and cohesiveness were computed for all the temporal windows and our analysis identified the most central districts in the networks. Results The median in-degree for monthly networks ranged from 0-3 for cattle, 0-1 for small ruminants and 0-1 for pigs. The highest median out-degrees for cattle, small ruminant and pig monthly networks were observed in Lira, Oyam and Butambala districts, respectively. Unlike the pig networks, the cattle and small ruminant networks were found to be of small-world and free-scale topologies. Discussion The cattle and small ruminant trade movement networks were also found to be highly connected, which could facilitate quick spread of infectious animal diseases across these networks. The findings from this study highlighted the significance of characterizing animal movement networks to inform surveillance, early detection, and subsequent control of infectious animal disease outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Hasahya
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Kampala, Uganda
| | - Krishna Thakur
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada,*Correspondence: Krishna Thakur ✉
| | - Michel M. Dione
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Dakar, Senegal
| | - Susan D. Kerfua
- National Livestock Resources Research Institute (NaLIRRI), Kampala, Uganda
| | - Israel Mugezi
- Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries (MAAIF), Kampala, Uganda
| | - Hu Suk Lee
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Hanoi, Vietnam,College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea,Hu Suk Lee ✉ ; ✉
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Oh SI, Nguyen TTH, Yang MS, Nga BTT, Bui VN, Le VP, Yi SW, Kim E, Hur TY, Lee HS, Kim B. Blood parameters and pathological lesions in pigs experimentally infected with Vietnam's first isolated African swine fever virus. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:978398. [PMID: 36157181 PMCID: PMC9495444 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.978398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a notable virus and one of the most serious global threats to the pig industry. Improving awareness about host–virus interactions could facilitate the understanding of the disease pathogenesis. Therefore, we investigated changes in blood parameters, viral loads, and pathological changes in ASFV-inoculated pigs according to the time of death after the onset of viremia. For the analyses, the ASFV-infected pigs (n = 10) were divided into two groups (five pigs/group) according to their time of death after the onset of viremia. The blood cell count dynamics and serum biochemistry profiles were similar between the groups; however, viral load distribution was different. A comparison of the histopathological changes and immunohistochemistry results between the two groups indicated that the lymphoid system, particularly the spleen, was more damaged in the early stage of the disease than in the last stage. Additionally, the virus-induced lesions in other organs (liver and kidney) were more severe in the late stage than in the early stage. Our findings provide invaluable information on the characteristics of blood parameters and pathological lesions in pigs infected with the Asia-epidemic ASFV strain and the course of ASF, targeting internal organs in pigs. Overall, this study characterizes the host-pathogen interaction in ASFV infection, offering insight for the establishment of ASF control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Ik Oh
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, South Korea
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea
- Sang-Ik Oh
| | - Thi Thu Huyen Nguyen
- Bac Giang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hanoi, Vietnam
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Myeon-Sik Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Bui Thi To Nga
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Vuong Nghia Bui
- Virology Department, National Institute of Veterinary Research, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Van Phan Le
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Seung-Won Yi
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Eunju Kim
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Tai-Young Hur
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Hu Suk Lee
- International Livestock Research Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
- Hu Suk Lee
| | - Bumseok Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Bumseok Kim
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9
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Song R, Liu P, Yang Y, Lee HS, Chen C, Wu X, Li X. Development of a Duplex Insulated Isothermal PCR Assay for Rapid On-Site Detection and Differentiation of Genotypes 1 and 2 of African Swine Fever Virus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:948771. [PMID: 35873169 PMCID: PMC9300913 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.948771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Genotype II African swine fever virus (ASFV) has been plaguing Asian pig industry since 2018. Recently, genotype I ASFV was reported for the first time in China. Since there is no commercial vaccine available against ASFV, early onsite detection and quick culling procedures are commonly used by many countries all over the world. It is important that the above two genotypes of ASFV could be quickly differentiated during onsite detection at the same time. In this study, we established a sensitive and simple Fluorescent Probe Hydrolysis-Insulated isothermal PCR (iiPCR) that can detect and differentiate two genotypes of ASFV within 40 minutes. The positive or negative results of tested samples were displayed on the screen of the device automatically after PCR amplification was complete. The detection limit of the iiPCR was tested to be 20 copies for both genotype I and genotype II ASFVs. There was no cross-reactivity with other swine viruses by using the established iiPCR. Fifty-eight ASFV positive samples confirmed by National ASF Reference Laboratory were subjected to the established duplex iiPCR for genotype differentiation. The results showed that all these ASFV-positive samples belong to genotype II. At last, we found serum samples could be directly used as the templates for iiPCR without comprising sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, the duplex iiPCR established in study provide a useful tool for ASFV onsite detection and genotype differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruilong Song
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Penggang Liu
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hu Suk Lee
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Changhai Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaodong Wu
- National African Swine Fever (ASF) Reference Laboratory, National Exotic Animal Disease Center, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaodong Wu, ; Xiangdong Li,
| | - Xiangdong Li
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaodong Wu, ; Xiangdong Li,
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10
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Jeong MJ, Lee KE, Chae YK, Nam OH, Lee HS, Choi SC. Correlations between skeletal maturity and dental calcification stages in Korean children. Eur J Paediatr Dent 2022; 23:101-105. [PMID: 35722843 DOI: 10.23804/ejpd.2022.23.02.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the relationship between dental calcification and skeletal maturity and to identify the tooth with the highest correlation with skeletal maturity index in Korean children. MATERIALS For 447 children (205 boys and 242 girls) aged between 5 and 13 years, hand-wrist and lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken to assess skeletal maturity by Fishman's skeletal maturity indicators (SMI) and Baccetti's cervical vertebrae maturation (CVM) stages. Dental panoramic radiographs were taken to assess dental maturity of the permanent mandibular canine, first and second premolar, and second molar using the method devised by Dermirjian. CONCLUSION Dental calcification stages determined by panoramic radiographs can be clinically used as useful indices to predict skeletal maturity in Korean children.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Jeong
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - K E Lee
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Kyung Hee University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y K Chae
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - O H Nam
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Kyung Hee University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H S Lee
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Kyung Hee University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S C Choi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Kyung Hee University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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11
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Joliat GR, de Man R, Rijckborst V, Cimino M, Torzilli G, Choi GH, Lee HS, Goh B, Kokudo T, Shirata C, Hasegawa K, Nishioka Y, Vauthey JN, Baimas-George M, Vrochides D, Demartines N, Halkic N, Labgaa I. Long-term outcomes of ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma: An international multicentric propensity score-matched study. Br J Surg 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znac178.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
Long-term outcomes of patients with ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma (rHCC) remain scant. This study aimed to assess disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) after surgical resection of rHCC compared to non-ruptured HCC (nrHCC).
Methods
Patients with rHCC and nrHCC were collected from 8 centers in Europe, Asia, and North America. Resected rHCC patients were matched 1:1 to patients undergoing surgery for nrHCC using propensity score and nearest-neighbor method (matching criteria: age, tumor size, cirrhosis, Child-Pugh score, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage, resection status, grade, and microvascular invasion). Survival rates were calculated using Kaplan-Meier method.
Results
A total of 2033 patients were included: 226 rHCC patients (172 operated: 68 with upfront surgery and 104 after embolization) and 1807 nrHCC patients. Median DFS and OS of rHCC patients (all treatments confounded) were 10 months (95% CI 7–13) and 22 months (95% CI 13–31). Prognostic factors for worse OS among rHCC patients were absence of preoperative arterial embolization (HR 2.3, 95% CI 1.2–4.6, p=0.016), cirrhosis Child B/C (HR 2.4, 95% CI 1.1–5.4, p=0.040), and R1/R2 margins (HR 2, 95% CI 1–5, p=0.049). Survivals were similar between Western and Eastern rHCC patients.
After propensity score matching, 106 rHCC patients and 106 nrHCC patients displayed similar characteristics. Patients with rHCC had shorter median DFS (12 months, 95% CI 7–17 vs. 22 months, 95% CI 12–32, p=0.011), but similar median OS compared to nrHCC patients (43 months, 95% CI 21–65 vs. 63 months, 95% CI 21–105, p=0.060).
Conclusion
In this large dataset including Eastern and Western patients, rHCC was associated with shorter DFS compared to nrHCC, while OS was similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- G-R Joliat
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital , Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - R de Man
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus Medical Center , Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - V Rijckborst
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus Medical Center , Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Cimino
- Department of General and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Humanitas Clinical and Research Hospital , Milan, Italy
| | - G Torzilli
- Department of General and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Humanitas Clinical and Research Hospital , Milan, Italy
| | - G H Choi
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul, South Korea
| | - H S Lee
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul, South Korea
| | - B Goh
- Department of Surgery, Singapore General Hospital , Singapore, Singapore
| | - T Kokudo
- Department of Surgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital , Tokyo, Japan
| | - C Shirata
- Department of Surgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital , Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital , Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - K Hasegawa
- Department of Surgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Nishioka
- Department of Surgical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, USA
| | - J-N Vauthey
- Department of Surgical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, USA
| | - M Baimas-George
- Department of Surgery, Atrium Health, Carolinas Medical Center , Charlotte, USA
| | - D Vrochides
- Department of Surgery, Atrium Health, Carolinas Medical Center , Charlotte, USA
| | - N Demartines
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital , Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - N Halkic
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital , Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - I Labgaa
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital , Lausanne, Switzerland
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12
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Aaltonen T, Amerio S, Amidei D, Anastassov A, Annovi A, Antos J, Apollinari G, Appel JA, Arisawa T, Artikov A, Asaadi J, Ashmanskas W, Auerbach B, Aurisano A, Azfar F, Badgett W, Bae T, Barbaro-Galtieri A, Barnes VE, Barnett BA, Barria P, Bartos P, Bauce M, Bedeschi F, Behari S, Bellettini G, Bellinger J, Benjamin D, Beretvas A, Bhatti A, Bland KR, Blumenfeld B, Bocci A, Bodek A, Bortoletto D, Boudreau J, Boveia A, Brigliadori L, Bromberg C, Brucken E, Budagov J, Budd HS, Burkett K, Busetto G, Bussey P, Butti P, Buzatu A, Calamba A, Camarda S, Campanelli M, Carls B, Carlsmith D, Carosi R, Carrillo S, Casal B, Casarsa M, Castro A, Catastini P, Cauz D, Cavaliere V, Cerri A, Cerrito L, Chen YC, Chertok M, Chiarelli G, Chlachidze G, Cho K, Chokheli D, Clark A, Clarke C, Convery ME, Conway J, Corbo M, Cordelli M, Cox CA, Cox DJ, Cremonesi M, Cruz D, Cuevas J, Culbertson R, d'Ascenzo N, Datta M, de Barbaro P, Demortier L, Deninno M, D'Errico M, Devoto F, Di Canto A, Di Ruzza B, Dittmann JR, Donati S, D'Onofrio M, Dorigo M, Driutti A, Ebina K, Edgar R, Elagin A, Erbacher R, Errede S, Esham B, Farrington S, Fernández Ramos JP, Field R, Flanagan G, Forrest R, Franklin M, Freeman JC, Frisch H, Funakoshi Y, Galloni C, Garfinkel AF, Garosi P, Gerberich H, Gerchtein E, Giagu S, Giakoumopoulou V, Gibson K, Ginsburg CM, Giokaris N, Giromini P, Glagolev V, Glenzinski D, Gold M, Goldin D, Golossanov A, Gomez G, Gomez-Ceballos G, Goncharov M, González López O, Gorelov I, Goshaw AT, Goulianos K, Gramellini E, Grosso-Pilcher C, Guimaraes da Costa J, Hahn SR, Han JY, Happacher F, Hara K, Hare M, Harr RF, Harrington-Taber T, Hatakeyama K, Hays C, Heinrich J, Herndon M, Hocker A, Hong Z, Hopkins W, Hou S, Hughes RE, Husemann U, Hussein M, Huston J, Introzzi G, Iori M, Ivanov A, James E, Jang D, Jayatilaka B, Jeon EJ, Jindariani S, Jones M, Joo KK, Jun SY, Junk TR, Kambeitz M, Kamon T, Karchin PE, Kasmi A, Kato Y, Ketchum W, Keung J, Kilminster B, Kim DH, Kim HS, Kim JE, Kim MJ, Kim SH, Kim SB, Kim YJ, Kim YK, Kimura N, Kirby M, Kondo K, Kong DJ, Konigsberg J, Kotwal AV, Kreps M, Kroll J, Kruse M, Kuhr T, Kurata M, Laasanen AT, Lammel S, Lancaster M, Lannon K, Latino G, Lee HS, Lee JS, Leo S, Leone S, Lewis JD, Limosani A, Lipeles E, Lister A, Liu Q, Liu T, Lockwitz S, Loginov A, Lucchesi D, Lucà A, Lueck J, Lujan P, Lukens P, Lungu G, Lys J, Lysak R, Madrak R, Maestro P, Malik S, Manca G, Manousakis-Katsikakis A, Marchese L, Margaroli F, Marino P, Matera K, Mattson ME, Mazzacane A, Mazzanti P, McNulty R, Mehta A, Mehtala P, Menzione A, Mesropian C, Miao T, Michielin E, Mietlicki D, Mitra A, Miyake H, Moed S, Moggi N, Moon CS, Moore R, Morello MJ, Mukherjee A, Muller T, Murat P, Mussini M, Nachtman J, Nagai Y, Naganoma J, Nakano I, Napier A, Nett J, Nigmanov T, Nodulman L, Noh SY, Norniella O, Oakes L, Oh SH, Oh YD, Okusawa T, Orava R, Ortolan L, Pagliarone C, Palencia E, Palni P, Papadimitriou V, Parker W, Pauletta G, Paulini M, Paus C, Phillips TJ, Piacentino G, Pianori E, Pilot J, Pitts K, Plager C, Pondrom L, Poprocki S, Potamianos K, Pranko A, Prokoshin F, Ptohos F, Punzi G, Redondo Fernández I, Renton P, Rescigno M, Rimondi F, Ristori L, Robson A, Rodriguez T, Rolli S, Ronzani M, Roser R, Rosner JL, Ruffini F, Ruiz A, Russ J, Rusu V, Sakumoto WK, Sakurai Y, Santi L, Sato K, Saveliev V, Savoy-Navarro A, Schlabach P, Schmidt EE, Schwarz T, Scodellaro L, Scuri F, Seidel S, Seiya Y, Semenov A, Sforza F, Shalhout SZ, Shears T, Shepard PF, Shimojima M, Shochet M, Shreyber-Tecker I, Simonenko A, Sliwa K, Smith JR, Snider FD, Song H, Sorin V, St Denis R, Stancari M, Stentz D, Strologas J, Sudo Y, Sukhanov A, Suslov I, Takemasa K, Takeuchi Y, Tang J, Tecchio M, Teng PK, Thom J, Thomson E, Thukral V, Toback D, Tokar S, Tollefson K, Tomura T, Torre S, Torretta D, Totaro P, Trovato M, Ukegawa F, Uozumi S, Vázquez F, Velev G, Vellidis K, Vernieri C, Vidal M, Vilar R, Vizán J, Vogel M, Volpi G, Wagner P, Wallny R, Wang SM, Waters D, Wester WC, Whiteson D, Wicklund AB, Wilbur S, Williams HH, Wilson JS, Wilson P, Winer BL, Wittich P, Wolbers S, Wolfmeister H, Wright T, Wu X, Wu Z, Yamamoto K, Yamato D, Yang T, Yang UK, Yang YC, Yao WM, Yeh GP, Yi K, Yoh J, Yorita K, Yoshida T, Yu GB, Yu I, Zanetti AM, Zeng Y, Zhou C, Zucchelli S. High-precision measurement of the W boson mass with the CDF II detector. Science 2022; 376:170-176. [PMID: 35389814 DOI: 10.1126/science.abk1781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The mass of the W boson, a mediator of the weak force between elementary particles, is tightly constrained by the symmetries of the standard model of particle physics. The Higgs boson was the last missing component of the model. After observation of the Higgs boson, a measurement of the W boson mass provides a stringent test of the model. We measure the W boson mass, MW, using data corresponding to 8.8 inverse femtobarns of integrated luminosity collected in proton-antiproton collisions at a 1.96 tera-electron volt center-of-mass energy with the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron collider. A sample of approximately 4 million W boson candidates is used to obtain [Formula: see text], the precision of which exceeds that of all previous measurements combined (stat, statistical uncertainty; syst, systematic uncertainty; MeV, mega-electron volts; c, speed of light in a vacuum). This measurement is in significant tension with the standard model expectation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - T Aaltonen
- Division of High Energy Physics, Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki Institute of Physics, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Amerio
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy.,University of Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - D Amidei
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - A Anastassov
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - A Annovi
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - J Antos
- Comenius University, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia.,Institute of Experimental Physics, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - G Apollinari
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - J A Appel
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | | | - A Artikov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna RU-141980, Russia
| | - J Asaadi
- Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - W Ashmanskas
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - B Auerbach
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - A Aurisano
- Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - F Azfar
- University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
| | - W Badgett
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - T Bae
- Center for High Energy Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.,Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.,Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.,Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.,Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.,Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.,Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - A Barbaro-Galtieri
- Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - V E Barnes
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - B A Barnett
- The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - P Barria
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.,University of Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - P Bartos
- Comenius University, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia.,Institute of Experimental Physics, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - M Bauce
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy.,University of Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - F Bedeschi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - S Behari
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - G Bellettini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.,University of Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - J Bellinger
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | | | - A Beretvas
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - A Bhatti
- The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - K R Bland
- Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - B Blumenfeld
- The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - A Bocci
- Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - A Bodek
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - D Bortoletto
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - J Boudreau
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - A Boveia
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - L Brigliadori
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy.,University of Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - C Bromberg
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - E Brucken
- Division of High Energy Physics, Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki Institute of Physics, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Budagov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna RU-141980, Russia
| | - H S Budd
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - K Burkett
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - G Busetto
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy.,University of Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - P Bussey
- Glasgow University, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - P Butti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.,University of Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Buzatu
- Glasgow University, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - A Calamba
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - S Camarda
- Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies, ICREA, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
| | | | - B Carls
- University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - D Carlsmith
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - R Carosi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - S Carrillo
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - B Casal
- Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria, CSIC-University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - M Casarsa
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - A Castro
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy.,University of Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - P Catastini
- Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - D Cauz
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.,Gruppo Collegato di Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy.,University of Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - V Cavaliere
- University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - A Cerri
- Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - L Cerrito
- University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Y C Chen
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 11529, Republic of China
| | - M Chertok
- University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - G Chiarelli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Chlachidze
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - K Cho
- Center for High Energy Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.,Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.,Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.,Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.,Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.,Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.,Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - D Chokheli
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna RU-141980, Russia
| | - A Clark
- University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - C Clarke
- Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - M E Convery
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - J Conway
- University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - M Corbo
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - M Cordelli
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - C A Cox
- University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - D J Cox
- University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - M Cremonesi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - D Cruz
- Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - J Cuevas
- Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria, CSIC-University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - R Culbertson
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - N d'Ascenzo
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - M Datta
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - P de Barbaro
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - L Demortier
- The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - M Deninno
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - M D'Errico
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy.,University of Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - F Devoto
- Division of High Energy Physics, Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki Institute of Physics, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Di Canto
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.,University of Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - B Di Ruzza
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | | | - S Donati
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.,University of Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - M D'Onofrio
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, UK
| | - M Dorigo
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.,University of Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - A Driutti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.,Gruppo Collegato di Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy.,University of Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - K Ebina
- Waseda University, Tokyo 169, Japan
| | - R Edgar
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - A Elagin
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - R Erbacher
- University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - S Errede
- University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - B Esham
- University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | | | - J P Fernández Ramos
- Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas Medioambientales y Tecnologicas, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - R Field
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - G Flanagan
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - R Forrest
- University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - M Franklin
- Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - J C Freeman
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - H Frisch
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | | | - C Galloni
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.,University of Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - P Garosi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.,University of Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - H Gerberich
- University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - E Gerchtein
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - S Giagu
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma 1, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - V Giakoumopoulou
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 71 Athens, Greece
| | - K Gibson
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - C M Ginsburg
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - N Giokaris
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 71 Athens, Greece
| | - P Giromini
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - V Glagolev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna RU-141980, Russia
| | - D Glenzinski
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - M Gold
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - D Goldin
- Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - A Golossanov
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - G Gomez
- Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria, CSIC-University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | | | - M Goncharov
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - O González López
- Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas Medioambientales y Tecnologicas, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - I Gorelov
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | | | - K Goulianos
- The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - E Gramellini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - C Grosso-Pilcher
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | | | - S R Hahn
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - J Y Han
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - F Happacher
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - K Hara
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - M Hare
- Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - R F Harr
- Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | | | | | - C Hays
- University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
| | - J Heinrich
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - M Herndon
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - A Hocker
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - Z Hong
- Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - W Hopkins
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - S Hou
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 11529, Republic of China
| | - R E Hughes
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - U Husemann
- Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - M Hussein
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - J Huston
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - G Introzzi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy.,University of Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - M Iori
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma 1, I-00185 Roma, Italy.,Sapienza Università di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - A Ivanov
- University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - E James
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - D Jang
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - B Jayatilaka
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - E J Jeon
- Center for High Energy Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.,Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.,Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.,Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.,Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.,Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.,Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - S Jindariani
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - M Jones
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - K K Joo
- Center for High Energy Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.,Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.,Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.,Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.,Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.,Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.,Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - S Y Jun
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - T R Junk
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - M Kambeitz
- Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - T Kamon
- Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.,Center for High Energy Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.,Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.,Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.,Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.,Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.,Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.,Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - P E Karchin
- Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - A Kasmi
- Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Y Kato
- Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - W Ketchum
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - J Keung
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - B Kilminster
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - D H Kim
- Center for High Energy Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.,Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.,Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.,Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.,Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.,Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.,Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - H S Kim
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - J E Kim
- Center for High Energy Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.,Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.,Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.,Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.,Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.,Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.,Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - M J Kim
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - S H Kim
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - S B Kim
- Center for High Energy Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.,Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.,Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.,Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.,Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.,Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.,Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Y J Kim
- Center for High Energy Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.,Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.,Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.,Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.,Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.,Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.,Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Y K Kim
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - N Kimura
- Waseda University, Tokyo 169, Japan
| | - M Kirby
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - K Kondo
- Waseda University, Tokyo 169, Japan
| | - D J Kong
- Center for High Energy Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.,Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.,Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.,Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.,Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.,Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.,Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - J Konigsberg
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | | | - M Kreps
- Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Kroll
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - M Kruse
- Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - T Kuhr
- Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Kurata
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - A T Laasanen
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - S Lammel
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - M Lancaster
- University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - K Lannon
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - G Latino
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.,University of Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - H S Lee
- Center for High Energy Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.,Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.,Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.,Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.,Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.,Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.,Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - J S Lee
- Center for High Energy Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.,Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.,Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.,Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.,Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.,Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.,Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - S Leo
- University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - S Leone
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J D Lewis
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | | | - E Lipeles
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - A Lister
- University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Q Liu
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - T Liu
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - S Lockwitz
- Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - A Loginov
- Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - D Lucchesi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy.,University of Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - A Lucà
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA.,Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - J Lueck
- Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P Lujan
- Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - P Lukens
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - G Lungu
- The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - J Lys
- Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - R Lysak
- Comenius University, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia.,Institute of Experimental Physics, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - R Madrak
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - P Maestro
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.,University of Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - S Malik
- The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - G Manca
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, UK
| | | | - L Marchese
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - F Margaroli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma 1, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - P Marino
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.,Scuola Normale Superiore, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - K Matera
- University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - M E Mattson
- Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - A Mazzacane
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - P Mazzanti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - R McNulty
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, UK
| | - A Mehta
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, UK
| | - P Mehtala
- Division of High Energy Physics, Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki Institute of Physics, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Menzione
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - C Mesropian
- The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - T Miao
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - E Michielin
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy.,University of Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - D Mietlicki
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - A Mitra
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 11529, Republic of China
| | - H Miyake
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - S Moed
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - N Moggi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - C S Moon
- Center for High Energy Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.,Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.,Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.,Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.,Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.,Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.,Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - R Moore
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - M J Morello
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.,Scuola Normale Superiore, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Mukherjee
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - Th Muller
- Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P Murat
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - M Mussini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy.,University of Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - J Nachtman
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - Y Nagai
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | | | - I Nakano
- Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - A Napier
- Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - J Nett
- Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - T Nigmanov
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - L Nodulman
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - S Y Noh
- Center for High Energy Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.,Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.,Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.,Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.,Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.,Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.,Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - O Norniella
- University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - L Oakes
- University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
| | - S H Oh
- Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Y D Oh
- Center for High Energy Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.,Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.,Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.,Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.,Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.,Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.,Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - T Okusawa
- Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - R Orava
- Division of High Energy Physics, Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki Institute of Physics, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - L Ortolan
- Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies, ICREA, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
| | - C Pagliarone
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - E Palencia
- Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria, CSIC-University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - P Palni
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - V Papadimitriou
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - W Parker
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - G Pauletta
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.,Gruppo Collegato di Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy.,University of Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - M Paulini
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - C Paus
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - G Piacentino
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - E Pianori
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - J Pilot
- University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - K Pitts
- University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - C Plager
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - L Pondrom
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - S Poprocki
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - K Potamianos
- Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - A Pranko
- Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - F Prokoshin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna RU-141980, Russia
| | - F Ptohos
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - G Punzi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.,University of Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - I Redondo Fernández
- Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas Medioambientales y Tecnologicas, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - P Renton
- University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
| | - M Rescigno
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma 1, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - F Rimondi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - L Ristori
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA.,Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Robson
- Glasgow University, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - T Rodriguez
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - S Rolli
- Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - M Ronzani
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.,University of Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - R Roser
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - J L Rosner
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - F Ruffini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.,University of Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - A Ruiz
- Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria, CSIC-University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - J Russ
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - V Rusu
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - W K Sakumoto
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | | | - L Santi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.,Gruppo Collegato di Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy.,University of Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - K Sato
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - V Saveliev
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - A Savoy-Navarro
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - P Schlabach
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - E E Schmidt
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - T Schwarz
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - L Scodellaro
- Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria, CSIC-University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - F Scuri
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - S Seidel
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Y Seiya
- Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - A Semenov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna RU-141980, Russia
| | - F Sforza
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.,University of Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - S Z Shalhout
- University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - T Shears
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, UK
| | - P F Shepard
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - M Shimojima
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - M Shochet
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - I Shreyber-Tecker
- Institution for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, ITEP, Moscow 117259, Russia
| | - A Simonenko
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna RU-141980, Russia
| | - K Sliwa
- Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - J R Smith
- University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - F D Snider
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - H Song
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - V Sorin
- Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies, ICREA, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
| | | | - M Stancari
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - D Stentz
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - J Strologas
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Y Sudo
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - A Sukhanov
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - I Suslov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna RU-141980, Russia
| | - K Takemasa
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - Y Takeuchi
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - J Tang
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - M Tecchio
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - P K Teng
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 11529, Republic of China
| | - J Thom
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - E Thomson
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - V Thukral
- Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - D Toback
- Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - S Tokar
- Comenius University, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia.,Institute of Experimental Physics, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - K Tollefson
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - T Tomura
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - S Torre
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - D Torretta
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - P Totaro
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Trovato
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.,Scuola Normale Superiore, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - F Ukegawa
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - S Uozumi
- Center for High Energy Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.,Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.,Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.,Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.,Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.,Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.,Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - F Vázquez
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - G Velev
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - K Vellidis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 71 Athens, Greece
| | - C Vernieri
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.,Scuola Normale Superiore, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Vidal
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - R Vilar
- Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria, CSIC-University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - J Vizán
- Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria, CSIC-University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - M Vogel
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - G Volpi
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - P Wagner
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - R Wallny
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - S M Wang
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 11529, Republic of China
| | - D Waters
- University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - W C Wester
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - D Whiteson
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - A B Wicklund
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - S Wilbur
- University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - H H Williams
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - J S Wilson
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - P Wilson
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - B L Winer
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - P Wittich
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - S Wolbers
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | | | - T Wright
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - X Wu
- University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Z Wu
- Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - K Yamamoto
- Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - D Yamato
- Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - T Yang
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - U K Yang
- Center for High Energy Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.,Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.,Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.,Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.,Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.,Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.,Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Y C Yang
- Center for High Energy Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.,Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.,Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.,Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.,Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.,Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.,Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - W-M Yao
- Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - G P Yeh
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - K Yi
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - J Yoh
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - K Yorita
- Waseda University, Tokyo 169, Japan
| | - T Yoshida
- Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - G B Yu
- Center for High Energy Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.,Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.,Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.,Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.,Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.,Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.,Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - I Yu
- Center for High Energy Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.,Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.,Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.,Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.,Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.,Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.,Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - A M Zanetti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Y Zeng
- Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - C Zhou
- Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - S Zucchelli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy.,University of Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
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13
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Lee HS, Dao TD, Huyen LTT, Bui VN, Bui AN, Ngo DT, Pham UB. Spatiotemporal Analysis and Assessment of Risk Factors in Transmission of African Swine Fever Along the Major Pig Value Chain in Lao Cai Province, Vietnam. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:853825. [PMID: 35425836 PMCID: PMC9002011 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.853825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a contagious and lethal hemorrhagic disease with a case fatality rate approaching 100% in domestic pigs. The main objectives of this study were to describe the spatiotemporal analysis as well as to assess the potential risk factors along the pig value chain in Lao Cai province, Vietnam. A total of 925 outbreaks were reported from 2019 to 2020. The three clusters (primary, secondary and 5th) were observed near the Chinese border. The most temporal clusters were detected between May and August during the study period. In addition, we evaluated the association between ASF outbreak locations to the nearest main roads and elevation. For ASF outbreak locations to the nearest main roads, compared with the reference (<5,000 m), <1,000 m (10.22 times) and 1,000–2,000 m (1.98 times) were significantly higher occurrences of ASF. For elevation, compared to the reference (>1,500 m), the farm locations with <500 m (55.31 times) showed a significantly increased risk of ASF outbreaks. Farmers perceived that the highest risk of ASF transmission may come from collectors and slaughterers, intermediaries inside and outside the commune, feed agents and maize agents in the commune, and pig retailers. Both commercial and household pig producers considered minimizing the number of people going in and out of pig stables and improving healthcare and husbandry procedures to be both very important and feasible. There is a need for compliance by all pig producers and other actors in the pig value chain to adopt biosecurity practices. Therefore, awareness, knowledge and understanding of infection and risks of ASF need to be improved. Veterinary officials at the provincial and district levels need to improve capacity and resources to perform laboratory analysis for ASF and need to coordinate with local actors on the control and prevention of ASF in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Suk Lee
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Animal and Human Health Program, Hanoi, Vietnam
- *Correspondence: Hu Suk Lee
| | - Tung Duy Dao
- Virology Department, National Institute of Veterinary Research, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Le Thi Thanh Huyen
- Livestock System and Environment Research Department, National Institute of Animal Science, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Vuong Nghia Bui
- Livestock System and Environment Research Department, National Institute of Animal Science, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Anh Ngoc Bui
- Livestock System and Environment Research Department, National Institute of Animal Science, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dung Tien Ngo
- Lao Cai Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Branch, Lao Cai, Vietnam
| | - Uyen Ba Pham
- Lao Cai Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Branch, Lao Cai, Vietnam
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14
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Roh JH, Bui NA, Lee HS, Bui VN, Dao DT, Vu TT, Hoang TT, So KM, Yi SW, Kim E, Hur TY, Oh SI. Age-dependent immune response in pigs against foot-and-mouth disease virus in vitro. J Anim Sci Technol 2021; 63:1376-1385. [PMID: 34957451 PMCID: PMC8672249 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2021.e103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease, one of the most contagious diseases in cloven-hoofed
animals, causes significant economic losses. The pathogenesis of foot-and-mouth
disease virus (FMDV) infection is known to differ with age of the animals. In
this study, we aimed to reveal the difference in immunological response in the
initial stage of FMDV infection between piglets and adult pigs. Peripheral blood
mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from 3 piglets (8 weeks old) and 3 pigs
(35 weeks old) that were not vaccinated against FMDV. O-type FMDV (2 ×
102 median tissue culture infectious dose) was inoculated into
porcine PBMCs and the cells were incubated at 37.0°C under 5%
CO2 for various time periods (0, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h). The
total RNA was obtained from the FMDV-inoculated PBMCs after each time point, and
the virus titer was investigated in these RNA samples. Furthermore, dynamics of
mRNA expression of the six tested cytokines (interferon [IFN]-α,
IFN-γ, interleukin [IL]-6, IL-8, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor
[TNF]-α) in FMDV-inoculated porcine PBMCs were evaluated by time-series
analysis to determine the differences, if any, based on the age of the pigs. The
PBMCs of piglets contained the highest quantity of FMDV mRNA at 6 hours
post-inoculation (hpi), and the PBMCs of pigs had the highest quantity of FMDV
mRNA at 3 hpi. The mean cycle threshold-value in the PBMCs steadily decreased
after the peak time point in the piglets and pigs (6 and 3 hpi, respectively).
The dynamics of mRNA expression of all cytokines except TNF-α showed
age-dependent differences in FMDV-inoculated PBMCs. The mRNA expression of most
cytokines was more pronounced in the piglets than in the pigs, implying that the
immune response against FMDV showed an age-dependent difference in pigs. In
conclusion, within 48 hpi, the 8-week-old piglets responded more rapidly and
were more sensitive to FMDV infection than the 35-week-old pigs, which could be
associated with the difference in the pathogenesis of FMDV infection among the
pigs. These results provide valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying the
age-dependent differences in immune response in pigs against FMDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hee Roh
- Division of Animal Diseases & Health, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea.,Department of Pet Health, Kwangju Women's University, Gwangju 62396, Korea
| | - Ngoc Anh Bui
- Virology Department, National Institute of Veterinary Research, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Hu Suk Lee
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Hanoi 111111, Vietnam
| | - Vuong Nghia Bui
- Virology Department, National Institute of Veterinary Research, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Duy Tung Dao
- Virology Department, National Institute of Veterinary Research, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Thi Vu
- Virology Department, National Institute of Veterinary Research, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Thuy Thi Hoang
- Virology Department, National Institute of Veterinary Research, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Kyoung-Min So
- Division of Animal Diseases & Health, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Seung-Won Yi
- Division of Animal Diseases & Health, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Eunju Kim
- Division of Animal Diseases & Health, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Tai-Young Hur
- Division of Animal Diseases & Health, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Sang-Ik Oh
- Division of Animal Diseases & Health, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
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15
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Nguyen-Thi T, Pham-Thi-Ngoc L, Nguyen-Ngoc Q, Dang-Xuan S, Lee HS, Nguyen-Viet H, Padungtod P, Nguyen-Thu T, Nguyen-Thi T, Tran-Cong T, Rich KM. An Assessment of the Economic Impacts of the 2019 African Swine Fever Outbreaks in Vietnam. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:686038. [PMID: 34760953 PMCID: PMC8573105 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.686038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The 2019 African swine fever (ASF) outbreaks in Vietnam imposed considerable impacts on the pig sector in Vietnam, resulting in the death or culling of nearly six million pigs, or more than 20% of the country's pig population. In order to assess the magnitude of the outbreak at sector level (both on farm and at value chain level), on livelihoods, and on the broader national economy, a comprehensive impact assessment was conducted using a mixed methods approach that integrated a value chain assessment with the use of quantitative modeling tools at sector and national levels. The results showed that the outbreak caused severe direct and indirect economic losses among farmers, particularly medium- and large-farmers whose livelihoods are largely derived from pig production. The outbreaks also affected other value chain actors due to a halving in the volume of pigs traded. At sector level, the outbreaks posed adverse impacts on the domestic supply and demand for pork, especially in the traditional sector. Meanwhile, the modern sector with higher levels of biosecurity and high technology growth was less likely to be affected and even benefited from the outbreak, which was evidenced by increased supply and income throughout the simulation period in this sector. At national level, different model simulation scenarios showed a sharp reduction in total gross domestic product (GDP) and a substantial loss of jobs. Improvements in the system of ASF compensation scheme are needed, both in terms of its administration, but also in its targeting, with greater emphasis needed on developing improved risk-sharing and funding mechanisms across national and local levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thinh Nguyen-Thi
- International Livestock Research Institute, Regional Office for East and Southeast Asia, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Linh Pham-Thi-Ngoc
- Institute of Policy and Strategy for Agriculture and Rural Development, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Que Nguyen-Ngoc
- Institute of Policy and Strategy for Agriculture and Rural Development, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Sinh Dang-Xuan
- International Livestock Research Institute, Regional Office for East and Southeast Asia, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hu Suk Lee
- International Livestock Research Institute, Regional Office for East and Southeast Asia, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Pawin Padungtod
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thuy Nguyen-Thu
- Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thuy Nguyen-Thi
- Institute of Policy and Strategy for Agriculture and Rural Development, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thang Tran-Cong
- Institute of Policy and Strategy for Agriculture and Rural Development, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Karl M Rich
- International Livestock Research Institute, Dakar, Senegal
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16
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Hasahya E, Thakur KK, Dione MM, Wieland B, Oba P, Kungu J, Lee HS. Modeling the Spread of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Among Pig Farms in Lira District of Northern Uganda. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:727895. [PMID: 34527717 PMCID: PMC8435599 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.727895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) is a viral swine disease that causes reproductive failure in breeding sows and respiratory distress in growing pigs. The main objectives were to simulate the transmission patterns of PRRS in Uganda using North American Animal Disease Spread Model (NAADSM) and to evaluate the potential effect of prevention and control options such as vaccination and movement control. The median number of infectious farms at the end of 52 weeks for the baseline scenario was 735 (36.75% of the 2,000 farms). The best effects of vaccination were observed in scenarios 60% farm coverage and 80% farm coverage, which resulted in 82 and 98.2% reduction in the median number of infectious farms at the end of the simulation, respectively. Vaccination of all medium and large farms only (33% of the farms) resulted in a 71.2% decrease in the median number of infectious farms at the end of 52 weeks. Movement control (MC) results showed that the median number of infectious farms at the end of 52 weeks decreased by 21.6, 52.3, 79.4, and 92.4% for scenarios MC 20, MC 40, MC 60, and MC 80%, respectively. This study provides new insights to the government of Uganda on how PRRS can be controlled. The large and medium farms need to be prioritized for vaccination, which would be a feasible and effective way to limit the spread of PRRS in Uganda. Scavenging pigs should be confined at all times, whether in the presence or absence of any disease outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Hasahya
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Kampala, Uganda
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity (COVAB), Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Krishna K. Thakur
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Michel M. Dione
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Dakar, Senegal
| | - Barbara Wieland
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Peter Oba
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Kampala, Uganda
| | - Joseph Kungu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity (COVAB), Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Hu Suk Lee
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Hanoi, Vietnam
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17
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Abazov VM, Abbott B, Acharya BS, Adams M, Adams T, Agnew JP, Alexeev GD, Alkhazov G, Alton A, Alves GA, Antchev G, Askew A, Aspell P, Assis Jesus ACS, Atanassov I, Atkins S, Augsten K, Aushev V, Aushev Y, Avati V, Avila C, Badaud F, Baechler J, Bagby L, Baldenegro Barrera C, Baldin B, Bandurin DV, Banerjee S, Barberis E, Baringer P, Barreto J, Bartlett JF, Bassler U, Bazterra V, Bean A, Begalli M, Bellantoni L, Berardi V, Beri SB, Bernardi G, Bernhard R, Berretti M, Bertram I, Besançon M, Beuselinck R, Bhat PC, Bhatia S, Bhatnagar V, Blazey G, Blessing S, Bloom K, Boehnlein A, Boline D, Boos EE, Borchsh V, Borissov G, Borysova M, Bossini E, Bottigli U, Bozzo M, Brandt A, Brandt O, Brochmann M, Brock R, Bross A, Brown D, Bu XB, Buehler M, Buescher V, Bunichev V, Burdin S, Burkhardt H, Buszello CP, Cafagna FS, Camacho-Pérez E, Carvalho W, Casey BCK, Castilla-Valdez H, Catanesi MG, Caughron S, Chakrabarti S, Chan KM, Chandra A, Chapon E, Chen G, Cho SW, Choi S, Choudhary B, Cihangir S, Claes D, Clutter J, Cooke M, Cooper WE, Corcoran M, Couderc F, Cousinou MC, Csanád M, Csörgő T, Cuth J, Cutts D, da Motta H, Das A, Davies G, Deile M, de Jong SJ, De La Cruz-Burelo E, De Leonardis F, Déliot F, Demina R, Denisov D, Denisov SP, De Oliveira Martins C, Desai S, Deterre C, DeVaughan K, Diehl HT, Diesburg M, Ding PF, Dominguez A, Doubek M, Drutskoy A, Druzhkin D, Dubey A, Dudko LV, Duperrin A, Dutt S, Eads M, Edmunds D, Eggert K, Ellison J, Elvira VD, Enari Y, Eremin V, Evans H, Evdokimov A, Evdokimov VN, Fauré A, Feng L, Ferbel T, Ferro F, Fiedler F, Fiergolski A, Filthaut F, Fisher W, Fisk HE, Forthomme L, Fortner M, Fox H, Franc J, Fuess S, Garbincius PH, Garcia F, Garcia-Bellido A, García-González JA, Gavrilov V, Geng W, Georgiev V, Gerber CE, Gershtein Y, Giani S, Ginther G, Gogota O, Golovanov G, Grannis PD, Greder S, Greenlee H, Grenier G, Gris P, Grivaz JF, Grohsjean A, Grünendahl S, Grünewald MW, Grzanka L, Guillemin T, Gutierrez G, Gutierrez P, Haley J, Hammerbauer J, Han L, Harder K, Harel A, Hauptman JM, Hays J, Head T, Hebbeker T, Hedin D, Hegab H, Heinson AP, Heintz U, Hensel C, Heredia-De La Cruz I, Herner K, Hesketh G, Hildreth MD, Hirosky R, Hoang T, Hobbs JD, Hoeneisen B, Hogan J, Hohlfeld M, Holzbauer JL, Howley I, Hubacek Z, Hynek V, Iashvili I, Ilchenko Y, Illingworth R, Isidori T, Ito AS, Ivanchenko V, Jabeen S, Jaffré M, Janda M, Jayasinghe A, Jeong MS, Jesik R, Jiang P, Johns K, Johnson E, Johnson M, Jonckheere A, Jonsson P, Joshi J, Jung AW, Juste A, Kajfasz E, Karev A, Karmanov D, Kašpar J, Katsanos I, Kaur M, Kaynak B, Kehoe R, Kermiche S, Khalatyan N, Khanov A, Kharchilava A, Kharzheev YN, Kiselevich I, Kohli JM, Kopal J, Kozelov AV, Kraus J, Kumar A, Kundrát V, Kupco A, Kurča T, Kuzmin VA, Lami S, Lammers S, Latino G, Lebrun P, Lee HS, Lee SW, Lee WM, Le X, Lellouch J, Li D, Li H, Li L, Li QZ, Lim JK, Lincoln D, Lindsey C, Linhart R, Linnemann J, Lipaev VV, Lipton R, Liu H, Liu Y, Lobodenko A, Lokajicek M, Lokajíček MV, Lopes de Sa R, Losurdo L, Lucas Rodríguez F, Luna-Garcia R, Lyon AL, Maciel AKA, Macrí M, Madar R, Magaña-Villalba R, Malawski M, Malbouisson HB, Malik S, Malyshev VL, Mansour J, Martínez-Ortega J, McCarthy R, McGivern CL, Meijer MM, Melnitchouk A, Menezes D, Mercadante PG, Merkin M, Meyer A, Meyer J, Miconi F, Minafra N, Minutoli S, Molina J, Mondal NK, Mulhearn M, Mundim L, Naaranoja T, Nagy E, Narain M, Nayyar R, Neal HA, Negret JP, Nemes F, Neustroev P, Nguyen HT, Niewiadomski H, Novák T, Nunnemann T, Oguri V, Oliveri E, Oljemark F, Orduna J, Oriunno M, Osman N, Österberg K, Pal A, Palazzi P, Parashar N, Parihar V, Park SK, Partridge R, Parua N, Pasechnik R, Passaro V, Patwa A, Penning B, Perfilov M, Peroutka Z, Peters Y, Petridis K, Petrillo G, Pétroff P, Pleier MA, Podstavkov VM, Popov AV, Prado da Silva WL, Prewitt M, Price D, Procházka J, Prokopenko N, Qian J, Quadt A, Quinn B, Quinto M, Raben TG, Radermacher E, Radicioni E, Rangel M, Ratoff PN, Ravotti F, Razumov I, Ripp-Baudot I, Rizatdinova F, Robutti E, Rodrigues RF, Rominsky M, Ross A, Royon C, Rubinov P, Ruchti R, Ruggiero G, Saarikko H, Sajot G, Samoylenko VD, Sánchez-Hernández A, Sanders MP, Santoro A, Santos AS, Savage G, Savitskyi M, Sawyer L, Scanlon T, Schamberger RD, Scheglov Y, Schellman H, Schott M, Schwanenberger C, Schwienhorst R, Scribano A, Sekaric J, Severini H, Shabalina E, Shary V, Shaw S, Shchukin AA, Shkola O, Simak V, Siroky J, Skubic P, Slattery P, Smajek J, Snoeys W, Snow GR, Snow J, Snyder S, Söldner-Rembold S, Sonnenschein L, Soustruznik K, Stark J, Stefaniuk N, Stefanovitch R, Ster A, Stoyanova DA, Strauss M, Suter L, Svoisky P, Szanyi I, Sziklai J, Taylor C, Tcherniaev E, Titov M, Tokmenin VV, Tsai YT, Tsybychev D, Tuchming B, Tully C, Turini N, Urban O, Uvarov L, Uvarov S, Uzunyan S, Vacek V, Van Kooten R, van Leeuwen WM, Varelas N, Varnes EW, Vasilyev IA, Vavroch O, Verkheev AY, Vertogradov LS, Verzocchi M, Vesterinen M, Vilanova D, Vokac P, Wahl HD, Wang C, Wang MHLS, Warchol J, Watts G, Wayne M, Weichert J, Welti J, Welty-Rieger L, Williams J, Williams MRJ, Wilson GW, Wobisch M, Wood DR, Wyatt TR, Xie Y, Yamada R, Yang S, Yasuda T, Yatsunenko YA, Ye W, Ye Z, Yin H, Yip K, Youn SW, Yu JM, Zennamo J, Zhao TG, Zhou B, Zhu J, Zich J, Zielinski K, Zielinski M, Zieminska D, Zivkovic L. Odderon Exchange from Elastic Scattering Differences between pp and pp[over ¯] Data at 1.96 TeV and from pp Forward Scattering Measurements. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 127:062003. [PMID: 34420329 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.062003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We describe an analysis comparing the pp[over ¯] elastic cross section as measured by the D0 Collaboration at a center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV to that in pp collisions as measured by the TOTEM Collaboration at 2.76, 7, 8, and 13 TeV using a model-independent approach. The TOTEM cross sections, extrapolated to a center-of-mass energy of sqrt[s]=1.96 TeV, are compared with the D0 measurement in the region of the diffractive minimum and the second maximum of the pp cross section. The two data sets disagree at the 3.4σ level and thus provide evidence for the t-channel exchange of a colorless, C-odd gluonic compound, also known as the odderon. We combine these results with a TOTEM analysis of the same C-odd exchange based on the total cross section and the ratio of the real to imaginary parts of the forward elastic strong interaction scattering amplitude in pp scattering for which the significance is between 3.4σ and 4.6σ. The combined significance is larger than 5σ and is interpreted as the first observation of the exchange of a colorless, C-odd gluonic compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M Abazov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141980, Russia
| | - B Abbott
- University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
| | - B S Acharya
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai-400 005, India
| | - M Adams
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - T Adams
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - J P Agnew
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - G D Alexeev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141980, Russia
| | - G Alkhazov
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg 188300, Russia
| | - A Alton
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - G A Alves
- LAFEX, Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22290, Brazil
| | - G Antchev
- INRNE-BAS, Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - A Askew
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - P Aspell
- CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - A C S Assis Jesus
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550, Brazil
| | - I Atanassov
- INRNE-BAS, Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - S Atkins
- Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana 71272, USA
| | - K Augsten
- Czech Technical University in Prague, 116 36 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - V Aushev
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kiev 01601, Ukraine
| | - Y Aushev
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kiev 01601, Ukraine
| | - V Avati
- AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
- CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - C Avila
- Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - F Badaud
- LPC, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, Clermont, F-63178 Aubière Cedex, France
| | | | - L Bagby
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | | | - B Baldin
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - D V Bandurin
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - S Banerjee
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai-400 005, India
| | - E Barberis
- Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - P Baringer
- University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - J Barreto
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550, Brazil
| | - J F Bartlett
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - U Bassler
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - V Bazterra
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - A Bean
- University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - M Begalli
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550, Brazil
| | - L Bellantoni
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - V Berardi
- INFN Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - S B Beri
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - G Bernardi
- LPNHE, Universités Paris VI and VII, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - R Bernhard
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Berretti
- Helsinki Institute of Physics, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - I Bertram
- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | - M Besançon
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - R Beuselinck
- Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - P C Bhat
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - S Bhatia
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | | | - G Blazey
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115, USA
| | - S Blessing
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
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- University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
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- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - D Boline
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - E E Boos
- Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - V Borchsh
- Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
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- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
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- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kiev 01601, Ukraine
| | - E Bossini
- Università degli Studi di Siena and Gruppo Collegato INFN di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
- CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - U Bottigli
- Università degli Studi di Siena and Gruppo Collegato INFN di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - M Bozzo
- INFN Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - A Brandt
- University of Texas, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
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- II. Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - M Brochmann
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - A Bross
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - D Brown
- LPNHE, Universités Paris VI and VII, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75005 Paris, France
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- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
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- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - V Buescher
- Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - V Bunichev
- Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - S Burdin
- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | - W Carvalho
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550, Brazil
| | - B C K Casey
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | | | | | - S Caughron
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - S Chakrabarti
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
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- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - A Chandra
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
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- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
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- University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - S W Cho
- Korea Detector Laboratory, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - S Choi
- Korea Detector Laboratory, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | | | - S Cihangir
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - D Claes
- University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - J Clutter
- University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
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- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - W E Cooper
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M Corcoran
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - F Couderc
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - M-C Cousinou
- CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, F-13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - M Csanád
- Eötvös University, 1117 Budapest, Pázmány P. sétány 1/A, Hungary
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, RMI, 1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - T Csörgő
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, RMI, 1121 Budapest, Hungary
- MATE Institute of Technology KRC, 3200 Gyöngyös, Hungary
| | - J Cuth
- Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - D Cutts
- Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - H da Motta
- Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - A Das
- Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - G Davies
- Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - M Deile
- CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - S J de Jong
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - F De Leonardis
- INFN Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica e dell'Informazione-Politecnico di Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - F Déliot
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - R Demina
- University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - D Denisov
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - S P Denisov
- Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Moscow region 142281, Russia
| | | | - S Desai
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - C Deterre
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - K DeVaughan
- University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - H T Diehl
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M Diesburg
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - P F Ding
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - A Dominguez
- University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - M Doubek
- Czech Technical University in Prague, 116 36 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - A Drutskoy
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow 117259, Russia
| | - D Druzhkin
- Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
- CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - A Dubey
- Delhi University, Delhi-110 007, India
| | - L V Dudko
- Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - A Duperrin
- CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, F-13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - S Dutt
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - M Eads
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115, USA
| | - D Edmunds
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - K Eggert
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Physics, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - J Ellison
- University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - V D Elvira
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - Y Enari
- LPNHE, Universités Paris VI and VII, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - V Eremin
- Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194021, Russian Federation
| | - H Evans
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - A Evdokimov
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - V N Evdokimov
- Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Moscow region 142281, Russia
| | - A Fauré
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - L Feng
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115, USA
| | - T Ferbel
- University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - F Ferro
- INFN Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - F Fiedler
- Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - F Filthaut
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - W Fisher
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - H E Fisk
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - L Forthomme
- Helsinki Institute of Physics, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Physics, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Fortner
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115, USA
| | - H Fox
- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | - J Franc
- Czech Technical University in Prague, 116 36 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - S Fuess
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - P H Garbincius
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - F Garcia
- Helsinki Institute of Physics, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - V Gavrilov
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow 117259, Russia
| | - W Geng
- CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, F-13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - V Georgiev
- University of West Bohemia, 301 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - C E Gerber
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Y Gershtein
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08855, USA
| | - S Giani
- CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - G Ginther
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - O Gogota
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kiev 01601, Ukraine
| | - G Golovanov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141980, Russia
| | - P D Grannis
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - S Greder
- IPHC, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS/IN2P3, F-67037 Strasbourg, France
| | - H Greenlee
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - G Grenier
- IPNL, Université Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France and Université de Lyon, F-69361 Lyon CEDEX 07, France
| | - Ph Gris
- LPC, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, Clermont, F-63178 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - J-F Grivaz
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - A Grohsjean
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - S Grünendahl
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | | | - L Grzanka
- AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - T Guillemin
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - G Gutierrez
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - P Gutierrez
- University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
| | - J Haley
- Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, USA
| | - J Hammerbauer
- University of West Bohemia, 301 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - L Han
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - K Harder
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - A Harel
- University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | | | - J Hays
- Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - T Head
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - T Hebbeker
- III. Physikalisches Institut A, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - D Hedin
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115, USA
| | - H Hegab
- Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, USA
| | - A P Heinson
- University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - U Heintz
- Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - C Hensel
- LAFEX, Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22290, Brazil
| | | | - K Herner
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - G Hesketh
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - M D Hildreth
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - R Hirosky
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - T Hoang
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - J D Hobbs
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - B Hoeneisen
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito 170157, Ecuador
| | - J Hogan
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - M Hohlfeld
- Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - J L Holzbauer
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - I Howley
- University of Texas, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - Z Hubacek
- Czech Technical University in Prague, 116 36 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - V Hynek
- Czech Technical University in Prague, 116 36 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - I Iashvili
- State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
| | - Y Ilchenko
- Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - R Illingworth
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - T Isidori
- University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
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- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
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- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
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- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - M Janda
- Czech Technical University in Prague, 116 36 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - A Jayasinghe
- University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
| | - M S Jeong
- Korea Detector Laboratory, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - R Jesik
- Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - P Jiang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - K Johns
- University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - E Johnson
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - M Johnson
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A Jonckheere
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - P Jonsson
- Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - J Joshi
- University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - A W Jung
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A Juste
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) and Institut de Física d'Altes Energies (IFAE), 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
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- CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, F-13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
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- CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - D Karmanov
- Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - J Kašpar
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic
- CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - I Katsanos
- University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - M Kaur
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - B Kaynak
- Istanbul University, 34134 Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - R Kehoe
- Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - S Kermiche
- CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, F-13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - N Khalatyan
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A Khanov
- Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, USA
| | - A Kharchilava
- State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
| | - Y N Kharzheev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141980, Russia
| | - I Kiselevich
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow 117259, Russia
| | - J M Kohli
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - J Kopal
- CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - A V Kozelov
- Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Moscow region 142281, Russia
| | - J Kraus
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - A Kumar
- State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
| | - V Kundrát
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A Kupco
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - T Kurča
- IPNL, Université Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France and Université de Lyon, F-69361 Lyon CEDEX 07, France
| | - V A Kuzmin
- Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - S Lami
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - S Lammers
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - G Latino
- Università degli Studi di Siena and Gruppo Collegato INFN di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - P Lebrun
- IPNL, Université Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France and Université de Lyon, F-69361 Lyon CEDEX 07, France
| | - H S Lee
- Korea Detector Laboratory, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - S W Lee
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - W M Lee
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - X Le
- University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - J Lellouch
- LPNHE, Universités Paris VI and VII, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - D Li
- LPNHE, Universités Paris VI and VII, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - H Li
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - L Li
- University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - Q Z Li
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J K Lim
- Korea Detector Laboratory, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - D Lincoln
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - C Lindsey
- University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - R Linhart
- University of West Bohemia, 301 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - J Linnemann
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - V V Lipaev
- Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Moscow region 142281, Russia
| | - R Lipton
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - H Liu
- Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - Y Liu
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - A Lobodenko
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg 188300, Russia
| | - M Lokajicek
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M V Lokajíček
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - R Lopes de Sa
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - L Losurdo
- Università degli Studi di Siena and Gruppo Collegato INFN di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | | | | | - A L Lyon
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A K A Maciel
- LAFEX, Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22290, Brazil
| | - M Macrí
- INFN Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - R Madar
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - M Malawski
- AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - H B Malbouisson
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550, Brazil
| | - S Malik
- University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - V L Malyshev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141980, Russia
| | - J Mansour
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - R McCarthy
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - C L McGivern
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - M M Meijer
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - A Melnitchouk
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - D Menezes
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115, USA
| | - P G Mercadante
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP 09210, Brazil
| | - M Merkin
- Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - A Meyer
- III. Physikalisches Institut A, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - J Meyer
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - F Miconi
- IPHC, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS/IN2P3, F-67037 Strasbourg, France
| | - N Minafra
- University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - S Minutoli
- INFN Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - J Molina
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550, Brazil
| | - N K Mondal
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai-400 005, India
| | - M Mulhearn
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - L Mundim
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550, Brazil
| | - T Naaranoja
- Helsinki Institute of Physics, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Physics, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - E Nagy
- CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, F-13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - M Narain
- Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - R Nayyar
- University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - H A Neal
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - J P Negret
- Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - F Nemes
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, RMI, 1121 Budapest, Hungary
- CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - P Neustroev
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg 188300, Russia
| | - H T Nguyen
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - H Niewiadomski
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Physics, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - T Novák
- MATE Institute of Technology KRC, 3200 Gyöngyös, Hungary
| | - T Nunnemann
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539 München, Germany
| | - V Oguri
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550, Brazil
| | | | - F Oljemark
- Helsinki Institute of Physics, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Physics, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Orduna
- Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - M Oriunno
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94025, USA
| | - N Osman
- CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, F-13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - K Österberg
- Helsinki Institute of Physics, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Physics, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Pal
- University of Texas, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | | | - N Parashar
- Purdue University Calumet, Hammond, Indiana 46323, USA
| | - V Parihar
- Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - S K Park
- Korea Detector Laboratory, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - R Partridge
- Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - N Parua
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - R Pasechnik
- Department of Astronomy and Theoretical Physics, Lund University, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - V Passaro
- INFN Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica e dell'Informazione-Politecnico di Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - A Patwa
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - B Penning
- Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - M Perfilov
- Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Z Peroutka
- University of West Bohemia, 301 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Y Peters
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - K Petridis
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - G Petrillo
- University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - P Pétroff
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - M-A Pleier
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - V M Podstavkov
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A V Popov
- Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Moscow region 142281, Russia
| | - W L Prado da Silva
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550, Brazil
| | - M Prewitt
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - D Price
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - J Procházka
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - N Prokopenko
- Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Moscow region 142281, Russia
| | - J Qian
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - A Quadt
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - B Quinn
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - M Quinto
- INFN Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - T G Raben
- University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | | | | | - M Rangel
- LAFEX, Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22290, Brazil
| | - P N Ratoff
- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | | | - I Razumov
- Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Moscow region 142281, Russia
| | - I Ripp-Baudot
- IPHC, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS/IN2P3, F-67037 Strasbourg, France
| | - F Rizatdinova
- Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, USA
| | - E Robutti
- INFN Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - R F Rodrigues
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550, Brazil
| | - M Rominsky
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A Ross
- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | - C Royon
- University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - P Rubinov
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - R Ruchti
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | | | - H Saarikko
- Helsinki Institute of Physics, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Physics, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - G Sajot
- LPSC, Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble 1, CNRS/IN2P3, Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble, F-38026 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - V D Samoylenko
- Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Moscow region 142281, Russia
| | | | - M P Sanders
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539 München, Germany
| | - A Santoro
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550, Brazil
| | - A S Santos
- LAFEX, Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22290, Brazil
| | - G Savage
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M Savitskyi
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kiev 01601, Ukraine
| | - L Sawyer
- Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana 71272, USA
| | - T Scanlon
- Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - R D Schamberger
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Y Scheglov
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg 188300, Russia
| | - H Schellman
- Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
- Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - M Schott
- Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Schwanenberger
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - R Schwienhorst
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | | | - J Sekaric
- University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - H Severini
- University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
| | - E Shabalina
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - V Shary
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - S Shaw
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - A A Shchukin
- Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Moscow region 142281, Russia
| | - O Shkola
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kiev 01601, Ukraine
| | - V Simak
- Czech Technical University in Prague, 116 36 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - J Siroky
- University of West Bohemia, 301 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - P Skubic
- University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
| | - P Slattery
- University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - J Smajek
- CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - W Snoeys
- CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - G R Snow
- University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - J Snow
- Langston University, Langston, Oklahoma 73050, USA
| | - S Snyder
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | | | - L Sonnenschein
- III. Physikalisches Institut A, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - K Soustruznik
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Center for Particle Physics, 116 36 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - J Stark
- LPSC, Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble 1, CNRS/IN2P3, Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble, F-38026 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - N Stefaniuk
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kiev 01601, Ukraine
| | | | - A Ster
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, RMI, 1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - D A Stoyanova
- Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Moscow region 142281, Russia
| | - M Strauss
- University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
| | - L Suter
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - P Svoisky
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - I Szanyi
- Eötvös University, 1117 Budapest, Pázmány P. sétány 1/A, Hungary
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, RMI, 1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - J Sziklai
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, RMI, 1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - C Taylor
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Physics, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | | | - M Titov
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - V V Tokmenin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141980, Russia
| | - Y-T Tsai
- University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - D Tsybychev
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - B Tuchming
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - C Tully
- Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - N Turini
- Università degli Studi di Siena and Gruppo Collegato INFN di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - O Urban
- University of West Bohemia, 301 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - L Uvarov
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg 188300, Russia
| | - S Uvarov
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg 188300, Russia
| | - S Uzunyan
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115, USA
| | - V Vacek
- Czech Technical University in Prague, 116 36 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - R Van Kooten
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | | | - N Varelas
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - E W Varnes
- University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - I A Vasilyev
- Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Moscow region 142281, Russia
| | - O Vavroch
- University of West Bohemia, 301 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - A Y Verkheev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141980, Russia
| | | | - M Verzocchi
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M Vesterinen
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - D Vilanova
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - P Vokac
- Czech Technical University in Prague, 116 36 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - H D Wahl
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - C Wang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - M H L S Wang
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J Warchol
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - G Watts
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - M Wayne
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - J Weichert
- Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - J Welti
- Helsinki Institute of Physics, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Physics, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - J Williams
- University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | | | - G W Wilson
- University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - M Wobisch
- Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana 71272, USA
| | - D R Wood
- Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - T R Wyatt
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Y Xie
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - R Yamada
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - S Yang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - T Yasuda
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - Y A Yatsunenko
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141980, Russia
| | - W Ye
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Z Ye
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - H Yin
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - K Yip
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - S W Youn
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J M Yu
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - J Zennamo
- State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
| | - T G Zhao
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - B Zhou
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - J Zhu
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - J Zich
- University of West Bohemia, 301 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - K Zielinski
- AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - M Zielinski
- University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - D Zieminska
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - L Zivkovic
- LPNHE, Universités Paris VI and VII, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75005 Paris, France
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Grace D, Lee HS, Smith J. Introduction - Veterinary Services in a changing world: climate change and other external factors. REV SCI TECH OIE 2021; 40:371-382. [PMID: 34542108 DOI: 10.20506/rst.40.2.3230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Ha TV, Kim W, Nguyen-Tien T, Lindahl J, Nguyen-Viet H, Thi NQ, Nguyen HV, Unger F, Lee HS. Spatial distribution of Culex mosquito abundance and associated risk factors in Hanoi, Vietnam. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009497. [PMID: 34153065 PMCID: PMC8248591 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis (JE) is the major cause of viral encephalitis (VE) in most Asian-Pacific countries. In Vietnam, there is no nationwide surveillance system for JE due to lack of medical facilities and diagnoses. Culex tritaeniorhynchus, Culex vishnui, and Culex quinquefasciatus have been identified as the major JE vectors in Vietnam. The main objective of this study was to forecast a risk map of Culex mosquitoes in Hanoi, which is one of the most densely populated cities in Vietnam. A total of 10,775 female adult Culex mosquitoes were collected from 513 trapping locations. We collected temperature and precipitation information during the study period and its preceding month. In addition, the other predictor variables (e.g., normalized difference vegetation index [NDVI], land use/land cover and human population density), were collected for our analysis. The final model selected for estimating the Culex mosquito abundance included centered rainfall, quadratic term rainfall, rice cover ratio, forest cover ratio, and human population density variables. The estimated spatial distribution of Culex mosquito abundance ranged from 0 to more than 150 mosquitoes per 900m2. Our model estimated that 87% of the Hanoi area had an abundance of mosquitoes from 0 to 50, whereas approximately 1.2% of the area showed more than 100 mosquitoes, which was mostly in the rural/peri-urban districts. Our findings provide better insight into understanding the spatial distribution of Culex mosquitoes and its associated environmental risk factors. Such information can assist local clinicians and public health policymakers to identify potential areas of risk for JE virus. Risk maps can be an efficient way of raising public awareness about the virus and further preventive measures need to be considered in order to prevent outbreaks and onwards transmission of JE virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuyen V. Ha
- Faculty of Resources Management, Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry (TUAF), Thai Nguyen, Vietnam
| | - Wonkook Kim
- Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | | | - Johanna Lindahl
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Hanoi, Vietnam
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hung Nguyen-Viet
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Quang Thi
- Faculty of Resources Management, Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry (TUAF), Thai Nguyen, Vietnam
| | - Huy Van Nguyen
- Faculty of Resources Management, Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry (TUAF), Thai Nguyen, Vietnam
| | - Fred Unger
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hu Suk Lee
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Hanoi, Vietnam
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Lee HS, Bui VN, Dao DT, Bui NA, Le TD, Kieu MA, Nguyen QH, Tran LH, Roh JH, So KM, Hur TY, Oh SI. Pathogenicity of an African swine fever virus strain isolated in Vietnam and alternative diagnostic specimens for early detection of viral infection. Porcine Health Manag 2021; 7:36. [PMID: 33934707 PMCID: PMC8091783 DOI: 10.1186/s40813-021-00215-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background African swine fever (ASF), caused by the ASF virus (ASFV), was first reported in Vietnam in 2019 and spread rapidly thereafter. Better insights into ASFV characteristics and early detection by surveillance could help control its spread. However, the pathogenicity and methods for early detection of ASFV isolates from Vietnam have not been established. Therefore, we investigated the pathogenicity of ASFV and explored alternative sampling methods for early detection. Results Ten pigs were intramuscularly inoculated with an ASFV strain from Vietnam (titer, 103.5 HAD50/mL), and their temperature, clinical signs, and virus excretion patterns were recorded. In addition, herd and environmental samples were collected daily. The pigs died 5–8 days-post-inoculation (dpi), and the incubation period was 3.7 ± 0.5 dpi. ASFV genome was first detected in the blood (2.2 ± 0.8) and then in rectal (3.1 ± 0.7), nasal (3.2 ± 0.4), and oral (3.6 ± 0.7 dpi) swab samples. ASFV was detected in oral fluid samples collected using a chewed rope from 3 dpi. The liver showed the highest viral loads, and ear tissue also exhibited high viral loads among 11 tissues obtained from dead pigs. Overall, ASFV from Vietnam was classified as peracute to acute form. The rope-based oral fluid collection method could be useful for early ASFV detection and allows successful ASF surveillance in large pig farms. Furthermore, ear tissue samples might be a simple alternative specimen for diagnosing ASF infection in dead pigs. Conclusions Our data provide valuable insights into the characteristics of a typical ASFV strain isolated in Vietnam and suggest an alternative, non-invasive specimen collection strategy for early detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Suk Lee
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Vuong Nghia Bui
- Virology Department, National Institute of Veterinary Research, 86 Truong Chinh, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Duy Tung Dao
- Virology Department, National Institute of Veterinary Research, 86 Truong Chinh, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ngoc Anh Bui
- Virology Department, National Institute of Veterinary Research, 86 Truong Chinh, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Duy Le
- Virology Department, National Institute of Veterinary Research, 86 Truong Chinh, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Minh Anh Kieu
- Virology Department, National Institute of Veterinary Research, 86 Truong Chinh, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Quang Huy Nguyen
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Hanoi, Vietnam.,Virology Department, National Institute of Veterinary Research, 86 Truong Chinh, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Long Hoang Tran
- Virology Department, National Institute of Veterinary Research, 86 Truong Chinh, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Jae-Hee Roh
- Division of Animal Disease & Health, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, 55365, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Min So
- Division of Animal Disease & Health, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, 55365, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tai-Young Hur
- Division of Animal Disease & Health, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, 55365, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ik Oh
- Division of Animal Disease & Health, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, 55365, Wanju, Republic of Korea.
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Lee HS, Thakur KK, Bui VN, Pham TL, Bui AN, Dao TD, Thanh VT, Wieland B. A stochastic simulation model of African swine fever transmission in domestic pig farms in the Red River Delta region in Vietnam. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 68:1384-1391. [PMID: 32810366 PMCID: PMC8246747 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The main objectives of this study were to model various scenarios of African swine fever (ASF) virus transmission among farms in Vietnam and to evaluate the impact of control strategies using North American Animal Disease Spread Model (NAADSM). A total of 7,882 pig farms in the Red River Delta (RRD) region were obtained from the General Statistics Office, and then, random points corresponding to the number of farms in each province were generated as exact farm locations were not available. A total of 10 models were developed, including movement control scenarios. In addition, we conducted sensitivity analysis to assess the impact of indirect contact transmission probability (TP). Overall, the indirect contact exhibited an important role in transmitting the ASF virus. In order to minimize ASF transmission between farms, we found that movement restriction needed to reach a certain level (approximately between 50% and 75%) and that the restriction had to be applied in a timely manner. This study offers valuable insight into how ASF virus can be transmitted via direct and indirect contact and controlled among farms under the various simulation scenarios. Our results suggest that the enforcement of movement restriction was an effective control measure as soon as the outbreaks were reported. In addition, this study provided evidence that high standards of biosecurity can contribute to the reduction of disease spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Suk Lee
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI)HanoiVietnam
| | - Krishna K. Thakur
- Department of Health ManagementAtlantic Veterinary CollegeUniversity of Prince Edward IslandCharlottetownPEICanada
| | | | - Thanh Long Pham
- Department of Animal HealthEpidemiology DivisionHanoiVietnam
| | - Anh Ngoc Bui
- National Institute of Veterinary ResearchHanoiVietnam
| | - Tung Duy Dao
- National Institute of Veterinary ResearchHanoiVietnam
| | - Vu Thi Thanh
- National Institute of Veterinary ResearchHanoiVietnam
| | - Barbara Wieland
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI)Addis AbabaEthiopia
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22
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Estee J, Lynch WG, Tsang CY, Barney J, Jhang G, Tsang MB, Wang R, Kaneko M, Lee JW, Isobe T, Kurata-Nishimura M, Murakami T, Ahn DS, Atar L, Aumann T, Baba H, Boretzky K, Brzychczyk J, Cerizza G, Chiga N, Fukuda N, Gasparic I, Hong B, Horvat A, Ieki K, Inabe N, Kim YJ, Kobayashi T, Kondo Y, Lasko P, Lee HS, Leifels Y, Łukasik J, Manfredi J, McIntosh AB, Morfouace P, Nakamura T, Nakatsuka N, Nishimura S, Otsu H, Pawłowski P, Pelczar K, Rossi D, Sakurai H, Santamaria C, Sato H, Scheit H, Shane R, Shimizu Y, Simon H, Snoch A, Sochocka A, Sumikama T, Suzuki H, Suzuki D, Takeda H, Tangwancharoen S, Toernqvist H, Togano Y, Xiao ZG, Yennello SJ, Zhang Y, Cozma MD. Probing the Symmetry Energy with the Spectral Pion Ratio. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 126:162701. [PMID: 33961456 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.162701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Many neutron star properties, such as the proton fraction, reflect the symmetry energy contributions to the equation of state that dominate when neutron and proton densities differ strongly. To constrain these contributions at suprasaturation densities, we measure the spectra of charged pions produced by colliding rare isotope tin (Sn) beams with isotopically enriched Sn targets. Using ratios of the charged pion spectra measured at high transverse momenta, we deduce the slope of the symmetry energy to be 42<L<117 MeV. This value is slightly lower but consistent with the L values deduced from a recent measurement of the neutron skin thickness of ^{208}Pb.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - M D Cozma
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- IFIN-HH, Reactorului 30, 077125 Măgurele-Bucharest, Romania
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23
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Pham-Thanh L, Nguyen-Tien T, Magnusson U, Bui-Nghia V, Bui-Ngoc A, Le-Thanh D, Lundkvist Å, Can-Xuan M, Nguyen-Thi Thu T, Vu-Thi Bich H, Lee HS, Nguyen-Viet H, Lindahl J. Dogs as Sentinels for Flavivirus Exposure in Urban, Peri-Urban and Rural Hanoi, Vietnam. Viruses 2021; 13:v13030507. [PMID: 33808552 PMCID: PMC8003331 DOI: 10.3390/v13030507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diseases caused by flaviviruses, including dengue fever and Japanese encephalitis, are major health problems in Vietnam. This cross-sectional study explored the feasibility of domestic dogs as sentinels to better understand risks of mosquito-borne diseases in Hanoi city. A total of 475 dogs serum samples from 221 households in six districts of Hanoi were analyzed by a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) for antibodies to the pr-E protein of West Nile virus and other flaviviruses due to cross-reactivity. The overall flavivirus seroprevalence in the dog population was 70.7% (95% CI = 66.4–74.8%). At the animal level, significant associations between seropositive dogs and district location, age, breed and keeping practice were determined. At the household level, the major risk factors were rural and peri-urban locations, presence of pigs, coil burning and households without mosquito-borne disease experience (p < 0.05). Mosquito control by using larvicides or electric traps could lower seropositivity, but other measures did not contribute to significant risk mitigation of flavivirus exposure in dogs. These results will support better control of mosquito-borne diseases in Hanoi, and they indicate that dogs can be used as sentinels for flavivirus exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Pham-Thanh
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Hanoi 10000, Vietnam; (T.N.-T.); (H.S.L.); (H.N.-V.); (J.L.)
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden;
- Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +84-934-109-999
| | - Thang Nguyen-Tien
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Hanoi 10000, Vietnam; (T.N.-T.); (H.S.L.); (H.N.-V.); (J.L.)
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Ulf Magnusson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Vuong Bui-Nghia
- National Institute for Veterinary Research, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam; (V.B.-N.); (A.B.-N.); (D.L.-T.)
| | - Anh Bui-Ngoc
- National Institute for Veterinary Research, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam; (V.B.-N.); (A.B.-N.); (D.L.-T.)
| | - Duy Le-Thanh
- National Institute for Veterinary Research, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam; (V.B.-N.); (A.B.-N.); (D.L.-T.)
| | - Åke Lundkvist
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Minh Can-Xuan
- Hanoi Sub-Department of Livestock Production and Animal Health, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam;
| | - Thuy Nguyen-Thi Thu
- National Institute for Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam; (T.N.-T.T.); (H.V.-T.B.)
| | - Hau Vu-Thi Bich
- National Institute for Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam; (T.N.-T.T.); (H.V.-T.B.)
| | - Hu Suk Lee
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Hanoi 10000, Vietnam; (T.N.-T.); (H.S.L.); (H.N.-V.); (J.L.)
| | - Hung Nguyen-Viet
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Hanoi 10000, Vietnam; (T.N.-T.); (H.S.L.); (H.N.-V.); (J.L.)
| | - Johanna Lindahl
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Hanoi 10000, Vietnam; (T.N.-T.); (H.S.L.); (H.N.-V.); (J.L.)
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden;
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden;
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24
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Lee HS, Thakur KK, Pham-Thanh L, Dao TD, Bui AN, Bui VN, Quang HN. A stochastic network-based model to simulate farm-level transmission of African swine fever virus in Vietnam. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247770. [PMID: 33657173 PMCID: PMC7928462 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus is highly contagious, and mortality rates reach up to 100% depending on the host, virus dose, and the transmission routes. The main objective of this study was to develop a network-based simulation model for the farm-level transmission of ASF virus to evaluate the impact of changes in farm connectivity on ASF spread in Vietnam. A hypothetical population of 1,000 pig farms was created and used for the network-based simulation, where each farm represented a node, and the connection between farms represented an edge. The three scenarios modelled in this way (baseline, low, and high) evaluated the impact of connectivity on disease transmission. The median number of infected farms was higher as the connectivity increased (low: 659, baseline: 968 and high: 993). In addition, we evaluated the impact of the culling strategy on the number of infected farms. A total of four scenarios were simulated depending on the timing of culling after a farm was infected. We found that the timing of culling at 16, 12, 8, and 6 weeks had resulted in a reduction of the number of median infected farms by 81.92%, 91.63%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. Finally, our evaluation of the implication of stability of ties between farms indicated that if the farms were to have the same trading partners for at least six months could significantly reduce the median number of infected farms to two (95th percentile: 413) than in the basic model. Our study showed that pig movements among farms had a significant influence on the transmission dynamics of ASF virus. In addition, we found that the either timing of culling, reduction in the number of trading partners each farm had, or decreased mean contact rate during the outbreaks were essential to prevent or stop further outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Suk Lee
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Hanoi, Vietnam
- * E-mail:
| | - Krishna K. Thakur
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Long Pham-Thanh
- Epidemiology Division, Department of Animal Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tung Duy Dao
- National Institute of Veterinary Research, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Anh Ngoc Bui
- National Institute of Veterinary Research, Hanoi, Vietnam
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25
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Hwang SU, Lee JH, Choi SY, Lee YT, Park SY, Lee HS, Jae JW, Jung NC, Wang Y, Lim DS. A simple and efficient method of generating HCMV pp65-specific T cells using overlapping peptides. Acta Virol 2020; 64:470-479. [PMID: 33151741 DOI: 10.4149/av_2020_414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The methods for expansion of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)-specific T lymphocytes are limited due to the complex culture process, long culture duration, and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) restriction. Here, we report that in vitro stimulation with pp65 kDa phosphoprotein (pp65)-derived overlapping synthetic peptides rapidly generates large numbers of HCMV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) regardless of HLA type. Treatment of PBMCs from healthy volunteers expressing HLA-A*02:01 or HLA-A*24:02 with 138 pp65 overlapping peptides (OLP) resulted in an expansion of HCMV pp65 NLVPMVATV (NLV) pentamer-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes that expressed interferon (IFN)-γ, but the pp65 NLV peptide did not generate HCMV-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes in PBMCs obtained from an HLA-A*24:02 donor due to HLA restriction. The OLP-induced T lymphocytes specific for HCMV derived from PBMCs of HLA-A*02:01- and HLA-A*24:02-expressing donors showed effective cytolytic responses against target cells loaded with OLP or the NLV epitope, but pp65 NLV peptide-induced T lymphocytes did not. Phenotypic analyses demonstrated that OLP increased the frequency of CD3+ CD8+ cells, but not CD3+ CD4+, CD14+, or CD56+ cells, in donor PBMCs. Thus, this study provides evidence that in vitro stimulation with OLP efficiently generates sufficient numbers of HCMV pp65-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes for adoptive cell therapy. Keywords: human cytomegalovirus; cytotoxic T lymphocyte; overlapping peptides; pp65; cytotoxicity.
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26
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Lee HS, Dao DT, Bui VN, Bui NA, Le TD, Nguyen-Viet H, Grace D, Thakur KK, Hagiwara K. Prevalence and phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis E virus in pigs in Vietnam. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:333. [PMID: 32928220 PMCID: PMC7489210 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02537-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a zoonotic disease and has been reported around the world. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the sero-prevalence and phylogenetic analysis of HEV in Vietnam. Pig blood and fecal pooled samples were collected to assess the prevalence of HEV. We assessed the true prevalence (TP) of HEV from apparent prevalence (AP) by taking into account the sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic tests using a Bayesian approach. For phylogenetic analysis, the data compared with worldwide HEV reference strains including all eight genotypes (G1-G8) which were identified in previous study. Results A total of 475 sera and 250 fecal pooled samples were collected at slaughterhouses and pig farms from five provinces, in Viet Nam. Overall, the sero-AP of HEV was 58.53% (95% confidence interval: 53.95–62.70) while the sero-TP was slightly higher (65.43, 95% credible interval: 47.19–84.70). In terms of pooled samples, overall, the RNA-AP was 6.80% (95% confidence interval: 4.01–10.66). One strain in Hanoi, two strains in Dak Lak, seven strains in An Giang, four strains in Son La and two strains in Nghe An were isolated. The phylogenetic tree demonstrated that 19 Vietnamese strains were clustered into HEV 3 and 4. Conclusions This study provided evidence that HEV is circulating in domestic pigs in Vietnam. From a public health perspective, it is very important to raise public awareness for high-risk groups (e.g. slaughterhouse workers, pig traders, farmers and market sellers) who have more opportunities to come in contact with pig and contaminated meats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Suk Lee
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Regional Office for East and Southeast Asia, Room 301-302, B1 Building, Van Phuc Diplomatic Compound, 298 Kim Ma Street, Ba Dinh District, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Duy Tung Dao
- National Institute of Veterinary Research, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Ngoc Anh Bui
- National Institute of Veterinary Research, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Duy Le
- National Institute of Veterinary Research, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hung Nguyen-Viet
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Regional Office for East and Southeast Asia, Room 301-302, B1 Building, Van Phuc Diplomatic Compound, 298 Kim Ma Street, Ba Dinh District, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Delia Grace
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya.,Natural Resources Institute, Chatham, UK
| | - Krishna K Thakur
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Canada
| | - Katsuro Hagiwara
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyodai, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, 069-8501, Japan.
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27
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Cho BH, Cheon K, Lee KY, Jung YH, Han SW, Park JH, Choi HY, Cho HJ, Park HJ, Nam HS, Heo JH, Lee HS, Kim S, Kim YD. Association between body mass index and stroke severity in acute ischaemic stroke with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Eur J Neurol 2020; 27:1672-1679. [PMID: 32392368 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The objective of this study was to investigate the association between body mass index (BMI) and both initial stroke severity at presentation and functional outcomes after acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). METHODS Patients were categorized on the basis of their BMI into underweight (BMI <18.5, n = 111), normal (18.5 ≤ BMI <25, n = 1036) and overweight to obese (BMI ≥25, n = 472) groups. Initial stroke severity was assessed using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score and functional outcomes were assessed using the modified Rankin Scale score at discharge. The differences in stroke severity and functional outcomes were compared between groups using robust log-linear regression with a Poisson distribution and binary logistic regression analysis. RESULTS A total of 1619 AIS patients with NVAF from six hospitals were included. Compared with the NIHSS scores [median 5, interquartile range (IQR) 2-14] of normal-weight patients, the NIHSS scores (median 9, IQR 4-19) of underweight patients were more likely to be higher, whereas those of overweight to obese patients were lower (median 4, IQR 1-12) (P < 0.001). In terms of functional outcomes after stroke, underweight patients had a higher risk of poor functional outcomes (odds ratio 1.78, 95% confidence interval 1.09-2.56, P = 0.01) but overweight to obese patients had no significant difference in functional outcomes compared with normal-weight patients. CONCLUSION An inverse association was found between BMI and stroke severity in AIS patients with NVAF. This suggests the presence of an obesity paradox for short-term outcomes in patients with NVAF.
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Affiliation(s)
- B-H Cho
- Department of Neurology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Neurology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Severance Institute for Vascular and Metabolic Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - K Cheon
- Department of Neurology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Severance Institute for Vascular and Metabolic Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - K-Y Lee
- Department of Neurology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Severance Institute for Vascular and Metabolic Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y H Jung
- Department of Neurology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Severance Institute for Vascular and Metabolic Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Neurology, Changwon Fatima Hospital, Changwon, Korea
| | - S W Han
- Department of Neurology, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J H Park
- Department of Neurology, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - H-Y Choi
- Department of Neurology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Gangdong, Seoul, Korea
| | - H-J Cho
- Department of Neurology, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University College of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Busan, Korea
| | - H J Park
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - H S Nam
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J H Heo
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - H S Lee
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S Kim
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y D Kim
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Bui VN, Nguyen TT, Nguyen-Viet H, Bui AN, McCallion KA, Lee HS, Than ST, Coleman KK, Gray GC. Bioaerosol Sampling to Detect Avian Influenza Virus in Hanoi's Largest Live Poultry Market. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 68:972-975. [PMID: 30184114 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciy583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Newly emergent and virulent strains of H7N9 avian influenza virus are rapidly spreading in China and threaten to invade Vietnam. We sought to introduce aerosol sampling for avian influenza viruses in Vietnam. METHODS During October 2017, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health 2-stage aerosol samplers were assembled on a tripod and run for 4 hours. Concomitantly, up to 20 oropharyngeal (OP) swab samples were collected from chickens and ducks distanced at 0.2-1.5 m from each sampler. RESULTS The 3 weeks of sampling yielded 30 aerosol samples that were 90% positive for influenza A, by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, and 116 OP swab sample pools (5 samples per pool) that were 47% positive. Egg cultures yielded 1 influenza A virus (not H5 or H7) from aerosol and 25 influenza A viruses from OP swab sample pools (5 were H5 positive). The association between positive sample types (over time and position) was strong, with 91.7% of positive OP pooled swab samples confirmed by positive aerosol samples and 81% of influenza A positive aerosol samples confirmed by positive OP swab samples. CONCLUSIONS We posit that aerosol sampling might be used for early warning screening of poultry markets for novel influenza virus detection, such as H7N9. Markets with positive aerosol samples might be followed up with more focused individual bird or cage swabbing, and back-tracing could be performed later to locate specific farms harboring novel virus. Culling birds in such farms could reduce highly pathogenic avian influenza virus spread among poultry and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vuong N Bui
- Virology Department, National Institute of Veterinary Research, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tham T Nguyen
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Hung Nguyen-Viet
- International Livestock Research Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Center for Public Health and Ecosystem Research, Hanoi University of Public Health, Vietnam
| | - Anh N Bui
- Virology Department, National Institute of Veterinary Research, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Katie A McCallion
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Hu Suk Lee
- International Livestock Research Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Son T Than
- Virology Department, National Institute of Veterinary Research, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Kristen K Coleman
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Gregory C Gray
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Global Health Institute, and Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.,Global Health Research Center, Duke-Kunshan University, China
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29
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Yoo DH, Cho YD, Lee HS, Kim SH, Jang D, Lee SH, Cho WS, Kang HS, Kim JE, Han MH. Suspected Metallic Embolization Distal to Coiled Intracranial Aneurysms Detectable by Susceptibility-Weighted MR Imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2020; 41:619-623. [PMID: 32273325 PMCID: PMC7144647 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE After endovascular coiling of intracranial aneurysms, round dark parenchymal lesions believed to be particulate metal are sometimes encountered in MR imaging studies of the brain. We used SWI to assess the frequency of such occurrences, in addition to exploring likely causes and clinical implications. MATERIALS AND METHODS We reviewed 700 MR imaging studies performed between September 2018 and March 2019 at our institution as follow-up monitoring of coiled intracranial aneurysms. Any sizeable (>5 mm) rounded dark-signal lesions encountered were presumed to be metallic. The magnitudes and locations of such lesions were recorded. In patients with these lesions, pertinent procedural documentation was screened for devices used, including coils, microcatheters, microguidewires, and stents. Medical records were also examined to determine whether any related symptoms ensued. RESULTS Twenty patients (2.8%) exhibited a total of 25 lesions on SWI. Diameters ranged from 5 to 11 mm (median, 8 mm). All except 2 lesions were located in brain regions downstream from aneurysms, but all lesions occupied vascular territories of vessels used to place guiding catheters. Other than the Synchro 14, which was routinely deployed, no device was regularly used in patients with SWI-detectable lesions; and none of the affected patients developed focal neurologic symptoms as a consequence. CONCLUSIONS Although the origins remain unclear, distal embolization of particulate metal distal to coiled cerebral aneurysms is occasionally observed on follow-up MR imaging studies. Such lesions, however, seem to have no apparent clinical impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Yoo
- From the Departments of Radiology (D.H.Y., Y.D.C., H.S.L., S.H.K., M.H.H.), and
| | - Y D Cho
- From the Departments of Radiology (D.H.Y., Y.D.C., H.S.L., S.H.K., M.H.H.), and
| | - H S Lee
- From the Departments of Radiology (D.H.Y., Y.D.C., H.S.L., S.H.K., M.H.H.), and
| | - S H Kim
- From the Departments of Radiology (D.H.Y., Y.D.C., H.S.L., S.H.K., M.H.H.), and
| | - D Jang
- Neurosurgery (D.J., S.H.L., W.-S.C., H.-S.K., J.E.K.), Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S H Lee
- Neurosurgery (D.J., S.H.L., W.-S.C., H.-S.K., J.E.K.), Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - W-S Cho
- Neurosurgery (D.J., S.H.L., W.-S.C., H.-S.K., J.E.K.), Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - H-S Kang
- Neurosurgery (D.J., S.H.L., W.-S.C., H.-S.K., J.E.K.), Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J E Kim
- Neurosurgery (D.J., S.H.L., W.-S.C., H.-S.K., J.E.K.), Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - M H Han
- From the Departments of Radiology (D.H.Y., Y.D.C., H.S.L., S.H.K., M.H.H.), and
- Department of Neurosurgery and Radiology (M.H.H.), Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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Lee HS, Bui VN, Nguyen HX, Bui AN, Hoang TD, Nguyen-Viet H, Grace Randolph D, Wieland B. Seroprevalences of multi-pathogen and description of farm movement in pigs in two provinces in Vietnam. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:15. [PMID: 31937298 PMCID: PMC6958752 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-2236-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In Vietnam, lack of animal health information is considered a major challenge for pig production. The main objective of this study was to assess the seroprevalences of five pathogens [porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyo), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and leptospirosis] and to better characterize the farm movements through a survey. Results A total of 600 samples were collected from 120 farms from Bac Giang and Nghe An. Among unvaccinated herds, the highest seroprevalence was found for JE with 73.81% (95% CI: 68.39–78.74) in Bac Giang and 53.51% (95% CI 47.68–59.27) in Nghe An. Seroprevalences for PCV2 and M.hyo were 49.43% (95% CI: 45.06–53.80) and 46.06% (95% CI: 41.48–50.69) among unvaccinated animals. Accumulative co-infections for JE (86.25%) showed the highest level followed by M. hyo (66.25%) and PCV2 (62.50%). Three co-infections with JE had the highest positive rate (28.75%) followed by four co-infections (25.0%). Medium farms had relatively higher herd prevalences for all pathogens, except from leptospirosis. Overall, farmers exported/imported their pigs at the most 1–2 times every 6 months. Some respondents (5% for exportation and 20% for importation) had moved pigs more than 6 times over the last 6 months. Conclusions Our study provided another pool of evidence that showed that PCV2, PRRS and H. hyo are endemic in pigs in Vietnam. Given the economic impacts of these pathogens elsewhere, the findings confirm the need for studies to evaluate the association between antibody response and clinical relevance as well as to assess the economic impact of co-infections at farm level. We also found that high seroprevalences of JE and leptospirosis were detected in pigs. From a pubic health point of view, it is crucial to raise public awareness especially for high risk occupations (mainly pig farm workers).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Suk Lee
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Room 301-302, B1 Building, Van Phuc Diplomatic Compound, 298 Kim Ma Street, Ba Dinh District, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Vuong Nghia Bui
- National Institute of Veterinary Research, 86 Truong Chinh, Phuong Mai, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Huyen Xuan Nguyen
- National Institute of Veterinary Research, 86 Truong Chinh, Phuong Mai, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Anh Ngoc Bui
- National Institute of Veterinary Research, 86 Truong Chinh, Phuong Mai, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Trung Duc Hoang
- National Institute of Veterinary Research, 86 Truong Chinh, Phuong Mai, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hung Nguyen-Viet
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Room 301-302, B1 Building, Van Phuc Diplomatic Compound, 298 Kim Ma Street, Ba Dinh District, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Barbara Wieland
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Lee JH, Lee HS, Lee YJ. Lung function as a predictor of incident type 2 diabetes in community-dwelling adults: A longitudinal finding over 12 years from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. Diabetes Metab 2019; 46:392-399. [PMID: 31884177 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM Reduced lung function is associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D), but there are limited data in East Asian populations on the relationship between them. For this reason, this study investigated the longitudinal relationship of lung function with incident T2D in Korean adults. METHODS The study included 7583 non-diabetic adults aged 40-69 years from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. Participants were divided into four groups according to gender-specific quartiles (Q1-Q4) of %PFVC and %PFEV1. Also, HRs with 95% CIs for incident T2D were prospectively analyzed as per American Diabetes Association criteria using multivariate Cox proportional-hazards regression models. RESULTS During a 12-year follow-up, 1403 (18.5%) participants presented with newly developed T2D. HRs (95% CIs) of incident T2D in Q1 vs. Q4 (reference) of %PFVC were 1.67 (1.35-2.07) for men and 1.77 (1.39-2.24) for women and, of %PFEV1, 1.58 (1.28-1.95) for men and 1.61 (1.27-2.03) for women, after adjusting for age, waist circumference, smoking status, alcohol intake, regular exercise, education levels, monthly household income, family history of diabetes, HOMA-IR, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels. CONCLUSION Reduced lung function precedes and significantly predicts the future development of T2D independently of obesity, smoking and inflammation in community-dwelling middle-aged and elderly people.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H S Lee
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Department of Research Affairs, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y J Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Bett B, Grace D, Lee HS, Lindahl J, Nguyen-Viet H, Phuc PD, Quyen NH, Tu TA, Phu TD, Tan DQ, Nam VS. Spatiotemporal analysis of historical records (2001-2012) on dengue fever in Vietnam and development of a statistical model for forecasting risk. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224353. [PMID: 31774823 PMCID: PMC6881000 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue fever is the most widespread infectious disease of humans transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. It is the leading cause of hospitalization and death in children in the Southeast Asia and western Pacific regions. We analyzed surveillance records from health centers in Vietnam collected between 2001-2012 to determine seasonal trends, develop risk maps and an incidence forecasting model. METHODS The data were analyzed using a hierarchical spatial Bayesian model that approximates its posterior parameter distributions using the integrated Laplace approximation algorithm (INLA). Meteorological, altitude and land cover (LC) data were used as predictors. The data were grouped by province (n = 63) and month (n = 144) and divided into training (2001-2009) and validation (2010-2012) sets. Thirteen meteorological variables, 7 land cover data and altitude were considered as predictors. Only significant predictors were kept in the final multivariable model. Eleven dummy variables representing month were also fitted to account for seasonal effects. Spatial and temporal effects were accounted for using Besag-York-Mollie (BYM) and autoregressive (1) models. Their levels of significance were analyzed using deviance information criterion (DIC). The model was validated based on the Theil's coefficient which compared predicted and observed incidence estimated using the validation data. Dengue incidence predictions for 2010-2012 were also used to generate risk maps. RESULTS The mean monthly dengue incidence during the period was 6.94 cases (SD 14.49) per 100,000 people. Analyses on the temporal trends of the disease showed regular seasonal epidemics that were interrupted every 3 years (specifically in July 2004, July 2007 and September 2010) by major fluctuations in incidence. Monthly mean minimum temperature, rainfall, area under urban settlement/build-up areas and altitude were significant in the final model. Minimum temperature and rainfall had non-linear effects and lagging them by two months provided a better fitting model compared to using unlagged variables. Forecasts for the validation period closely mirrored the observed data and accurately captured the troughs and peaks of dengue incidence trajectories. A favorable Theil's coefficient of inequality of 0.22 was generated. CONCLUSIONS The study identified temperature, rainfall, altitude and area under urban settlement as being significant predictors of dengue incidence. The statistical model fitted the data well based on Theil's coefficient of inequality, and risk maps generated from its predictions identified most of the high-risk provinces throughout the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Bett
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
- * E-mail:
| | - Delia Grace
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Hu Suk Lee
- International Livestock Research Institute, Regional Office for East and Southeast Asia, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Johanna Lindahl
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
- Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hung Nguyen-Viet
- International Livestock Research Institute, Regional Office for East and Southeast Asia, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Centre for Public Health and Ecosystem Research (CENPHER), Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Pham-Duc Phuc
- Centre for Public Health and Ecosystem Research (CENPHER), Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Huu Quyen
- Vietnam Institute of Meteorology, Hydrology and Climate Change (IMHEN), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tran Anh Tu
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tran Dac Phu
- General Department of Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dang Quang Tan
- General Department of Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Vu Sinh Nam
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Park HJ, Cho JH, Kim HJ, Park JY, Lee HS, Byun MK. The effect of low body mass index on the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and mortality. J Intern Med 2019; 286:573-582. [PMID: 31215064 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia may worsen disease progression and lead to poor outcomes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine the effect of BMI on the development of COPD and mortality. METHODS We enrolled 437 584 participants registered in the physical health check-up cohort database of the Korean National Health Interview Survey from 2002 to 2003, and we defined COPD diagnosis based on the ICD-10 code and prescribed medication. BMI (kg m-2 ) classified them to five groups (low BMI < 18.5, normal BMI 18.5-23, overweight 23-25, obesity 25-30, severe obesity ≥30) at baseline. RESULTS Participants in the low BMI group had a significantly higher rate of COPD development for 13 years (7.6%) than those in other groups (3.4-4.1%, P < 0.0001). Amongst never or light smokers, COPD development in the low BMI group (5.6-6.7%) was significantly higher than that in other groups (2.8-4.7%). Similarly, amongst participants with a smoking history of ≥30 years, COPD development in the low BMI group (20.1%) was higher than those in other groups (8.4-12.4%). On multivariable analysis, normal or higher than normal body weight was significantly protective against the development of COPD (hazard ratio [HR], 0.609-0.739,) compared to low BMI. COPD-free-survival (HR, 0.491-0.622) and overall survival (HR, 0.440-0.585) were also better in them compared to those with low BMI (all P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Low BMI is an important risk factor for COPD development and mortality. Maintaining adequate body weight may reduce the risk for COPD development and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J H Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - H J Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J-Y Park
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - H S Lee
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - M K Byun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Lee HS, Pham TL, Wieland B. Temporal patterns and space-time cluster analysis of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) cases from 2007 to 2017 in Vietnam. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 67:584-591. [PMID: 31544348 PMCID: PMC7079069 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In Vietnam, Foot‐and‐mouth disease (FMD) is endemic, but no nationwide studies have been conducted to assess the monthly variations and space‐time clusters of FMD. The main objective was to identify the temporal patterns and space‐time clusters of FMD from 2007 to 2017 using national surveillance data in Vietnam. A total of 163,733 cases were reported from 2007 to 2017. Among them, the proportion of buffaloes (43.31% of total reported cases; 70,909 cases) was highest followed by cattle (30.11%; 49,306 cases), pigs (26.67%; 43,662 cases) and sheep/goats (0.41%; 675 cases). The serotype O was widely distributed across the country while serotype A was observed in Northeast, Central and Southern part of Vietnam while Asia 1 has been not identified since 2007. For monthly variations, most cases were observed during the dry season (from November to March) except Central Highlands. Under the spatial window was set at 50%, a total of seven clusters were identified. The primary cluster was observed from Dec 2009 to Dec 2010 in the northwest (radius: 101.67 km), showing a ratio of 3.75. The secondary cluster was detected in the northeast region (radius: 76.54 km) with a ratio of 3.53 in Feb 2017. The 3rd cluster was the largest with a radius of 176.69 km and located in the southern part of Vietnam. Interestingly, the most temporal clusters included between December and March during the study period. Our findings provide better insight into the temporal patterns and distribution of clusters of FMD in Vietnam. This study provides useful information to policymakers on the hotspot areas and timing of outbreaks. It also identifies when and where national surveillance and control programmes could be implemented more efficiently for the prevention and control of FMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Suk Lee
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Long Pham
- Epidemiology Division, Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Barbara Wieland
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Han BH, Yoon JJ, Kim HY, Ahn YM, Jin SN, Wen JF, Lee HS, Lee YJ, Kang DG. Inhibitory effects of herbal decoction Ojeoksan on proliferation and migration in vascular smooth muscle cells. J Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 70. [PMID: 31443091 DOI: 10.26402/jpp.2019.2.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells plays a crucial role in pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. The principal objective of this study was to determine the effects of Ojeoksan (OJS) on human aortic smooth muscle cell (HASMC) proliferation induced by tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-aα). Thymidine incorporation after TNF-α treatment was increased and this effect was inhibited significantly by OJS treatment. HASMC proliferation and migration by kinetic live cell imaging were also reduced by treatment with OJS. TNF-α induced the expression of cyclins/cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and reduced the expression of p21waf1/cip1/p27kip1. However, OJS also attenuated the expression of TNF-α-induced cell-cycle regulatory proteins. The results of Western blot analysis demonstrated that the TNF-α treated HASMC secreted gelatinases, probably including MMP-2/-9, which may be involved in the invasion and migration of HASMC. Additionally, OJS suppressed the mRNA expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2/-9 (MMP-2/-9) in a dose-dependent manner. OJS inhibited the production of TNF-α-induced hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the formation of DCF-sensitive intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Further, OJS suppressed the nuclear translocation and phosphorylation of inhibitor of kappa B-α (IκB-α) of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) under TNF-α conditions. Our results demonstrate that OJS exerts inhibitory effects on TNF-α-induced HASMC proliferation and migration, suggesting the involvement of the inhibition of both MMP-2 and MMP-9 expressions, and the downregulation of ROS/NF-κB signaling. Thus, herbal decoction OJS may be a possible therapeutic approach to the inhibition of cardiovascular disease including atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H Han
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea.,College of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - J J Yoon
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea.,College of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - H Y Kim
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea.,College of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Y M Ahn
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea.,College of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - S N Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - J F Wen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - H S Lee
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea.,College of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Y J Lee
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - D G Kang
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea.,College of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea.
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Lee HS, Thanh TL, Ly NK, Nguyen-Viet H, Thakur KK, Grace D. Seroprevalence of leptospirosis and Japanese encephalitis in swine in ten provinces of Vietnam. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214701. [PMID: 31369564 PMCID: PMC6675114 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leptospirosis is an important zoonotic disease with a global distribution, affecting a wide range of mammalian animals and humans. Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus is the major vector-borne zoonotic disease in the Asia-Pacific region. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of serovar-specific Leptospira and JE in swine from 10 provinces in Vietnam. METHODS Samples were initially collected for swine influenza surveillance from March to April 2017 at large-scale farms (with at least 50 sows and/or 250 fattening pigs) with pigs that tested positive for influenza in the previous surveillance period (2015-16). FINDINGS A total of 2,000 sera samples were analyzed from 10 provinces. Overall, the seroprevalence of leptospirosis was 21.05% (95% CI: 19.28-22.90) using a cut-off titer of ≥ 1:100. The apparent prevalence of JE was 73.45% (95% CI: 71.46-75.37) while the true prevalence was slightly higher (74.46%, 95% credible interval: 73.73-86.41). We found a relatively high presence of leptospirosis and JE in pigs kept on large farms. Prevalence was comparable with other studies suggesting opportunistic testing of samples collected for other surveillance purposes can be a valuable tool to better understand and prevent the potential transmission of these zoonotic diseases from pigs to people in Vietnam. CONCLUSION Our study provides evidence to veterinarians and animal health professionals for evidence-based practice such as diagnosis, vaccination and zoonotic control. Further investigation into the possible role of different domestic animals, wildlife species or environmental factors is needed to identify the potential risk factors and transmission routes in Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Suk Lee
- International Livestock Research Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - To Long Thanh
- National Center for Veterinary Diagnosis, 15/78 Duong Giai Phong-Phuong Mai Dong Da Hanoi, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Khanh Ly
- National Center for Veterinary Diagnosis, 15/78 Duong Giai Phong-Phuong Mai Dong Da Hanoi, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Krishna K Thakur
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PEI, Canada
| | - Delia Grace
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
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Adhikari G, Adhikari P, de Souza EB, Carlin N, Choi S, Djamal M, Ezeribe AC, Ha C, Hahn IS, Jeon EJ, Jo JH, Joo HW, Kang WG, Kang W, Kauer M, Kim GS, Kim H, Kim HJ, Kim KW, Kim NY, Kim SK, Kim YD, Kim YH, Ko YJ, Kudryavtsev VA, Lee HS, Lee J, Lee JY, Lee MH, Leonard DS, Lynch WA, Maruyama RH, Mouton F, Olsen SL, Park BJ, Park HK, Park HS, Park KS, Pitta RLC, Prihtiadi H, Ra SJ, Rott C, Shin KA, Scarff A, Spooner NJC, Thompson WG, Yang L, Yu GH. Search for a Dark Matter-Induced Annual Modulation Signal in NaI(Tl) with the COSINE-100 Experiment. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 123:031302. [PMID: 31386435 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.031302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present new constraints on the dark matter-induced annual modulation signal using 1.7 years of COSINE-100 data with a total exposure of 97.7 kg yr. The COSINE-100 experiment, consisting of 106 kg of NaI(Tl) target material, is designed to carry out a model-independent test of DAMA/LIBRA's claim of WIMP discovery by searching for the same annual modulation signal using the same NaI(Tl) target. The crystal data show a 2.7 cpd/kg/keV background rate on average in the 2-6 keV energy region of interest. Using a χ-squared minimization method we observe best fit values for modulation amplitude and phase of 0.0092±0.0067 cpd/kg/keV and 127.2±45.9 d, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Adhikari
- Department of Physics, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - P Adhikari
- Department of Physics, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - E Barbosa de Souza
- Department of Physics and Wright Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - N Carlin
- Physics Institute, University of São Paulo, 05508-090, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S Choi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - M Djamal
- Department of Physics, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - A C Ezeribe
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - C Ha
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - I S Hahn
- Department of Science Education, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - E J Jeon
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - J H Jo
- Department of Physics and Wright Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - H W Joo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - W G Kang
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - W Kang
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - M Kauer
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - G S Kim
- Department of Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - H Kim
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - H J Kim
- Department of Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - K W Kim
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - N Y Kim
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - S K Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Y D Kim
- Department of Physics, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
- IBS School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Y H Kim
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
- IBS School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Y J Ko
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - V A Kudryavtsev
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - H S Lee
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
- IBS School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - J Lee
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - J Y Lee
- Department of Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - M H Lee
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
- IBS School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - D S Leonard
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - W A Lynch
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - R H Maruyama
- Department of Physics and Wright Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - F Mouton
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - S L Olsen
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - B J Park
- IBS School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - H K Park
- Department of Accelerator Science, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - H S Park
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - K S Park
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - R L C Pitta
- Physics Institute, University of São Paulo, 05508-090, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - H Prihtiadi
- Department of Physics, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - S J Ra
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - C Rott
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - K A Shin
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - A Scarff
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - N J C Spooner
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - W G Thompson
- Department of Physics and Wright Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - L Yang
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - G H Yu
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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Lee HS, Thakur KK, Bui VN, Bui AN, Dang MV, Wieland B. Simulation of control scenarios of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome in Nghe An Province in Vietnam. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 66:2279-2287. [PMID: 31233273 PMCID: PMC6899877 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to develop various models using North American Animal Disease Spread Model (NAADSM) to simulate the transmission of Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus between farms in Nghe An Province in Vietnam in order to inform the prevention and control of this important disease. Using real data from the household survey, credible parameters for direct/indirect mean contact rates between different farms were estimated. A total of eleven models were developed, including immunization scenarios. In addition, we conducted sensitive analysis on how the mean contact rates influenced the results. The immunization scenarios showed that a high proportion of pigs in medium size farms needs to be vaccinated in order to reduce the transmission to pigs in small farms under the Vietnamese pig production system. In order to promote the use of vaccinations, incentives (such as a vaccine subsidy) for medium size farms may be needed. It could be the most cost-effective control and prevention strategy for pig diseases in Vietnam. Our study provides insights on how pig diseases can be spread between pig farms via direct and indirect contact in Nghe An under the various hypothetical scenarios. Our results suggest that medium/large farms may play an important role in the transmission of pig diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Suk Lee
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Krishna K Thakur
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Canada
| | | | - Anh Ngoc Bui
- National Institute of Veterinary Research, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Barbara Wieland
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Park JH, Young Park H, Lee HS, Han CY, Lee S. Effects of α-lipoic acid on chronic cerebrovascular hypoperfusion in an animal model of vascular dementia. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2019; 23:2587-2595. [PMID: 30964187 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_201903_17408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Given the aging population, the treatment of vascular dementia (VaD) is becoming increasingly important. The antioxidant α-lipoic acid (α-LA) protects against neurodegeneration in VaD, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Hence, we aimed to identify the effects of α-LA on cognitive function following chronic cerebrovascular hypoperfusion in a VaD animal model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice were categorized into the sham, bilateral common carotid artery stenosis (BCAS), or BCAS + α-LA group. The BCAS + α-LA group was intraperitoneally injected (100 mg/kg) once daily with α-LA for 4 weeks after BCAS surgery, while the BCAS and sham groups were injected with saline. After the last injection, we examined cognitive function and exploration behavior using the Morris water maze. Mice brains were then harvested for Western blot analyses. RESULTS The BCAS group, but not the BCAS + α-LA group, showed cognitive dysfunction in the Morris water maze. Apoptosis pathways involving poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage, phosphorylated-mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR), phosphorylated-3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1, and phosphorylated-protein kinase B (p-AKT) were enhanced in the BCAS group than the α-LA group. The BCAS + α-LA group demonstrated less PARP cleavage and p-mTOR function than did the BCAS group. The activity of autophagy pathways involving LC3B was higher in the BCAS and BCAS + α-LA groups than the sham group, but there were no significant differences between the BCAS and BCAS + α-LA groups. CONCLUSIONS In the BCAS rodent model, cognitive dysfunction and apoptosis mediated by the phosphatase and tensin homolog/AKT/mTOR pathway were observed in the hippocampus. However, acting on the mTOR pathway, α-LA improved cognitive function and led to hippocampal cell survival. Thus, α-LA may be useful for treating VaD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Park
- Brain Research Institute, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Korea.
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Ha C, Adhikari G, Adhikari P, Barbosa de Souza E, Carlin N, Choi S, Djamal M, Ezeribe AC, Hahn IS, Jeon EJ, Jo JH, Joo HW, Kang WG, Kang W, Kauer M, Kim GS, Kim H, Kim HJ, Kim KW, Kim NY, Kim SK, Kim YD, Kim YH, Ko YJ, Kudryavtsev VA, Lee HS, Lee J, Lee JY, Lee MH, Leonard DS, Lynch WA, Maruyama RH, Mouton F, Olsen SL, Park BJ, Park HK, Park HS, Park KS, Pitta RLC, Prihtiadi H, Ra SJ, Rott C, Shin KA, Scarff A, Spooner NJC, Thompson WG, Yang L, Yu GH. First Direct Search for Inelastic Boosted Dark Matter with COSINE-100. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 122:131802. [PMID: 31012610 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.131802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A search for inelastic boosted dark matter (IBDM) using the COSINE-100 detector with 59.5 days of data is presented. This relativistic dark matter is theorized to interact with the target material through inelastic scattering with electrons, creating a heavier state that subsequently produces standard model particles, such as an electron-positron pair. In this study, we search for this electron-positron pair in coincidence with the initially scattered electron as a signature for an IBDM interaction. No excess over the predicted background event rate is observed. Therefore, we present limits on IBDM interactions under various hypotheses, one of which allows us to explore an area of the dark photon parameter space that has not yet been covered by other experiments. This is the first experimental search for IBDM using a terrestrial detector.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ha
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - G Adhikari
- Department of Physics, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - P Adhikari
- Department of Physics, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - E Barbosa de Souza
- Department of Physics and Wright Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - N Carlin
- Physics Institute, University of São Paulo, 05508-090, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S Choi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - M Djamal
- Department of Physics, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - A C Ezeribe
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - I S Hahn
- Department of Science Education, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - E J Jeon
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - J H Jo
- Department of Physics and Wright Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - H W Joo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - W G Kang
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - W Kang
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - M Kauer
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - G S Kim
- Department of Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - H Kim
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - H J Kim
- Department of Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - K W Kim
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - N Y Kim
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - S K Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Y D Kim
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Y H Kim
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Y J Ko
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - V A Kudryavtsev
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - H S Lee
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - J Lee
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - J Y Lee
- Department of Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - M H Lee
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - D S Leonard
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - W A Lynch
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - R H Maruyama
- Department of Physics and Wright Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - F Mouton
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - S L Olsen
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - B J Park
- IBS School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - H K Park
- Department of Accelerator Science, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - H S Park
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - K S Park
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - R L C Pitta
- Physics Institute, University of São Paulo, 05508-090, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - H Prihtiadi
- Department of Physics, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - S J Ra
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - C Rott
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - K A Shin
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - A Scarff
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - N J C Spooner
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - W G Thompson
- Department of Physics and Wright Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - L Yang
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - G H Yu
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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Rozita Z, Lim MT, Lee HS. Prevalence of elevated body mass index condition and its associated demographic variables among adults in urban areas in Johor, Malaysia. Med J Malaysia 2019; 74:145-150. [PMID: 31079126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing at an alarming rate. It is a major factor for many other metabolic disorders. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of increase body mass index (BMI) and obesity and their associated demographic characteristics among adults in an urban area. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted where data was extracted from the Health Status Screening Form (BSSK) at health clinics in Johor Bahru. Using the World Health Organization (WHO), criteria for obesity, BMI≥30.0 kg/m2 was specified as obese and combination of both BMI ranges for overweight (25.0-30.0kg/m2) and obesity (≥30.0kg/m2) as elevated BMI. RESULTS The overall prevalence of elevated BMI and obesity was 54.6% and 20.1% respectively. Men had a higher prevalence of elevated BMI (57.4%) with odds of 1.28 higher (95%CI: 1.04-1.58). High prevalence of elevated BMI and obesity were seen among the Indians (elevated BMI - 60.2%, obesity - 19.4%) followed by Malays (elevated BMI -57.8%, obesity - 23.1%) and Chinese showed the lowest (elevated BMI - 39.0%, obesity - 8.8%). The odds of elevated BMI and obesity were lower among younger adults as compared to older adults (≥30 years old). CONCLUSION Using WHO criteria, about one in two adults had elevated BMI while one in five were obese. Elevated BMI and obesity disparities were evident in age and ethnicity, but sex differences were encountered in elevated BMI group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Rozita
- Putrajaya Precinct 18 Health Clinic, Department of Family Medicine, Putrajaya, Malaysia.
| | - M T Lim
- Institute for Clinical Research, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - H S Lee
- Sultanah Aminah Hospital, Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
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Song JE, Lee HS. Correction to: Mite color alteration and acaricidal activity of 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal and its structural analogues against the stored food pest mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae. Exp Appl Acarol 2019; 77:583. [PMID: 31098762 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-019-00365-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Due to an unfortunate turn of events, an incorrect funding note was provided in the original publication as it should have read.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Song
- Department of Bioenvironmental Chemistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - H S Lee
- Department of Bioenvironmental Chemistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea.
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McDonald ES, Carlin S, Maxwell KN, Nayak A, Doot RK, Pantel AR, Farwell MD, Pryma DA, Clark AS, Shah P, DeMichele AM, Ziober A, Schubert EK, Palmer K, Lee HS, Matro J, de la Cruz L, Tchou J, Anderson DN, Feldman MD, Sheffer RE, Knollman H, Schnall MD, Makvandi M, Domchek S, Hubbard RA, Mach RH, Mankoff DA. Abstract PD4-07: PET imaging of PARP-1 expression in breast cancer. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-pd4-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
18F-FluorThanatrace ([18F]-FTT) is a novel radiotracer shown to quantify Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 (PARP-1) expression in vitro and in vivo through a receptor-ligand interaction. A recent study at the University of Pennsylvania in women with ovarian cancer demonstrated in vivo visualization of PARP-1 expression in tumors using this radiotracer that closely correlated with an in vitro assay of PARP-1 in tumor tissue (Makvandi, M. J. Clin. Invest. 128:2116, 2018). A radioligand with PARP-1 specificity, [125I]-KX1, was also developed as a companion tool for ex vivo evaluation of PARP-1 expression and PARP inhibitor (PARPi) drug occupancy by radioligand binding assay (Makvandi, M. Cancer Res. 76:4516, 2016). As the first step in validating this biomarker in breast cancer, we performed a prospective clinical trial comparing in vivo [18F]-FTTuptake and ex vivo PARP-1 expression in women with primary breast cancer.
Methods: 24 patients with Stage I-IV primary breast cancer were imaged with [18F]-FTT prior to any therapy including surgery. We correlated in vivo uptake with ex vivo immunohistochemistry (IHC) for PARP-1 and [125I]-KX1 autoradiography in untreated surgical specimens. Tumors were analyzed for alterations in DNA repair genes, copy number-based as well as mutational signatures indicative of homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) and mutational burden, using our established protocol (Maxwell, KN, Nature Commun. 8:319, 2017).
Results: [18F]-FTT uptake was visualized above background in all primary breast tumors and known metastases. Two areas of unexpected uptake revealed an unknown contralateral breast cancer and an ovarian carcinoid, respectively. We expected that uptake might be highest in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), where PARPi have been most heavily studied. However, a range of tracer uptake was observed in tumors independent of breast cancer subtype (hormone receptor positive/HER2 negative, TNBC, HER2+) and BRCA status. Uptake ratios (SUVmax tumor/SUV max opposite breast) ranged from 1.2-10.5 with a median 4.0. Ex vivo[125I]-KX1 autoradiography was performed on a subset of untreated primary tumors (n=5) and compared with IHC staining for PARP-1 on sequential sections. This revealed a close spatial correspondence between elevated PARP-1 expression by IHC and regions of elevated [125I]-KX1 binding radiographically. There was also a strong positive correlation between in vivo [18F]-FTT uptake and ex vivo quantitative [125I]-KX1 autoradiography (r=0.78). Genomic analysis of HRD in all tumors is pending and will be reported.
Conclusion: Initial analyses support the ability of [18F]-FTT to visualize and measure PARP-1 expression in breast cancer. This is the first step toward developing an imaging companion diagnostic to help guide PARP inhibitor treatment in breast cancer. Ongoing studies are expanding upon these results, testing the extent to which expression of PARP-1 by [18F]-FTT can predict response to PARP inhibitors and measure target engagement during therapy.
Citation Format: McDonald ES, Carlin S, Maxwell KN, Nayak A, Doot RK, Pantel AR, Farwell MD, Pryma DA, Clark AS, Shah P, DeMichele AM, Ziober A, Schubert EK, Palmer K, Lee HS, Matro J, de la Cruz L, Tchou J, Anderson DN, Feldman MD, Sheffer RE, Knollman H, Schnall MD, Makvandi M, Domchek S, Hubbard RA, Mach RH, Mankoff DA. PET imaging of PARP-1 expression in breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PD4-07.
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Affiliation(s)
- ES McDonald
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - S Carlin
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - KN Maxwell
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - A Nayak
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - RK Doot
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - AR Pantel
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - MD Farwell
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - DA Pryma
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - AS Clark
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - P Shah
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - A Ziober
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - EK Schubert
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - K Palmer
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - HS Lee
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - J Matro
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - J Tchou
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - DN Anderson
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - MD Feldman
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - RE Sheffer
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - H Knollman
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - MD Schnall
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - M Makvandi
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - S Domchek
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - RA Hubbard
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - RH Mach
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - DA Mankoff
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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Lee Y, Lee HS, Ahn SH, Son BH, Kim J, Lee SB. Abstract P1-02-04: Is asymptomatic surveillance after standard treatment beneficial? : A 10yr-survival analysis of recurrent breast cancer patients by detection method of recurrence. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-p1-02-04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Surveillance of recurrence after standard treatment of breast cancer (BC) for early detection and it's impact on overall survival are known to differ depending on recurrent site. Current guideline recommends asymptomatic surveillance to only detect loco-regional recurrences. As the evidences depend on historical randomized clinical trials we aimed to address questions whether earlier detection might have impact on survival now that plenty of new treatment strategies can be offered. Also to give answers to heterogeneous surveillance strategy in real-world practice we performed a retrospective 10yr-survival analysis of a large cohort of recurrent BC patients according to their detection method.
From 4188 operable breast cancer patients who completed standard treatment Asan Medical Center from 2006 to 2008 469 patients with recurrent BC were analyzed. Median disease free interval was 35.3 months (range 2.8-97.6) and overall survival (OS) was analyzed as time from initial diagnosis/surgery to death. Among 469 patients who developed recurrence 23.7% were local (ipsilateral breast skin chest wall) 22.6% were regional (ipsilateral axillary internal mammary lymph nodes) and 53.7% developed distant metastasis. 10yr-overall survival was analyzed according to recurrent site and it's detection method.
Detection of recurrence were categorized as 'asymptomatic surveillance (N=162, 34.5%)' and 'symptom-guided (N=307, 65.5%)'. Asymptomatic screening method included mammography breast-ultrasound serum tumor marker (CA15-3) and systemic images (eg. chest X-ray bone scan PET scans). Symptom-guided detection rate for local regional and distant metastasis was 14.9%, 5.5% and 15.1% respectively. Overall asymptomatic vs symptomatic 10yr-OS did not differ (81.3 vs 78.8 months, p=0.778). Among patients with distant metastasis 10ys-OS was not significantly different (70.3 vs 66.7 months p=0.846) and was similar according to stage/subtype. Among patients with local recurrence only 10yr-OS was 95.1 months ('symptomatic' vs 'aymptomatic 94.4 vs 94.5, p=0.809) which may be insufficient number of events to show significant difference. Among regional recurrent BCs, longer OS was observed in asymptomatically detected patients than symptom-guided group (86.1 vs 63.4, p=0.004). In Cox regression analyses asymptomatic detection showed significant better survival (HR=3.9, 95%CI:1.6-9.5) and this observation was more evident in patients with hormone receptor(HR) negative primary BCs (69.9 vs 47.9, p=0.029). Intriguingly, only 8.6% (7/80) of regional recurrence were diagnosed by mammography.
We observed survival benefit with asymptomatic screening in detecting regional recurrence especially in HR-negative primary BC patients. And role of systemic radiology even in advanced high risk breast cancer patients were limited. Although with limitation that surveillance method varied widely we emphasize the role of aymptomatic surveillance of regional nodal evaluation including breast-ultrasound. These findings are to be validated from a prospective clinical study along with using cutting edge modalities other than radiology which enable detection of micro-metastasis.
Citation Format: Lee Y, Lee HS, Ahn SH, Son BH, Kim J, Lee SB. Is asymptomatic surveillance after standard treatment beneficial? : A 10yr-survival analysis of recurrent breast cancer patients by detection method of recurrence [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-02-04.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Lee
- Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - HS Lee
- Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - SH Ahn
- Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - BH Son
- Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J Kim
- Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - SB Lee
- Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Lee HS, Pham TL, Nguyen TN, Lee M, Wieland B. Seasonal patterns and space-time clustering of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) cases from 2008 to 2016 in Vietnam. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 66:986-994. [PMID: 30636103 PMCID: PMC6850339 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is an important disease in pig production and is endemic in Vietnam. No nationwide studies have been carried out to understand the spread of PRRS in Vietnam. The main objective of this study was to identify the seasonal patterns and space‐time clusters of PRRS from 2008 to 2016 using national surveillance data in Vietnam. A total of 614,219 cases were reported during the period. There was a seasonal pattern with single peak by region (except North Central Coast, showing double peaks in March and June). The seasonal plots from the Northern regions showed a higher peak between March and April, whereas the four regions from Southern part displayed a higher peak between June and August. Overall, outbreaks from the northern part of Vietnam tended to occur 3–4 months earlier than the southern part. When the spatial window was set at 50%, space‐time cluster analysis found that the first cluster occurred in the Red River Delta (RRD) (radius: 82.17 km; ratios: 5.5; period: Mar–May/2010) and the second (radius: 50.8 km; ratios: 10.61; period: Aug–Oct/2011) in the Mekong River Delta (MRD) region. Four other clusters were observed in the central and Southern parts. Our findings might provide better insight into the distribution of clusters and temporal patterns of PRRS in Vietnam. This study may provide policy makers with valuable information on the hotspot areas and timing of outbreaks. Also, it identifies when and where national control program could be implemented more efficiently by targeting resources for the prevention and control of PRRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Suk Lee
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Long Pham
- Epidemiology Division, Department of Animal Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tien Ngoc Nguyen
- Epidemiology Division, Department of Animal Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Mihye Lee
- Medical Microbiology Department, The Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth, UK
| | - Barbara Wieland
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Nguyen XTT, Nguyen TTT, Nguyen-Viet H, Tran KN, Lindahl J, Grace Randolph D, Ha TM, Lee HS. Assessment of aflatoxin B1 in maize and awareness of aflatoxins in Son La, Vietnam. Infect Ecol Epidemiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/20008686.2018.1553464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Thi Thanh Nguyen
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Vietnam National University of Agriculture (VNUA), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thuy Thi Thanh Nguyen
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Vietnam National University of Agriculture (VNUA), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hung Nguyen-Viet
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Hanoi, Vietnam
- Center for Public Health and Ecosystem Research (CENPHER), Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Khanh Ngoc Tran
- Plant Protection Research Institute (PPRI), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Johanna Lindahl
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Thanh Minh Ha
- Plant Protection Research Institute (PPRI), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hu Suk Lee
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Hanoi, Vietnam
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Son IT, Lee HS, Ihn MH, Lee KH, Kim DW, Lee KW, Kim JS, Kang SB. Isolation of internal and external sphincter progenitor cells from the human anal sphincter with or without radiotherapy. Colorectal Dis 2019; 21:38-47. [PMID: 30047583 DOI: 10.1111/codi.14351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM We aimed to isolate and propagate internal and external anal sphincter progenitor cells from the human anal sphincter, with or without radiotherapy, for tailored cell therapy of faecal incontinence. METHODS Sphincter progenitor cells were isolated from normal internal and external anal sphincters collected from 10 patients with rectal cancer who had undergone abdominoperineal resection with (n = 6) or without (n = 4) preoperative chemoradiotherapy. The isolated cells and differentiated muscle fibres were identified using immunofluorescence assay, western blotting and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The proliferation of progenitor cells with and without radiotherapy was compared by quantitative 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. RESULTS The immunofluorescence assay before differentiation confirmed that the internal anal sphincter progenitor cells expressed CD34 and neural-glial antigen 2 (NG2), whereas the external anal sphincter progenitor cells expressed CD34 and PAX7. After differentiation, the internal anal sphincter progenitor cells expressed desmin, calponin and α-smooth muscle actin, whereas the external anal sphincter progenitor cells expressed desmin, myogenic factor 4 and myosin heavy chain. The differential expression profiles of both cell types were confirmed by western blotting and RT-PCR. MTT assays showed that the viability of internal and external anal sphincter progenitor cells was significantly lower in the radiotherapy group than that in the nonradiotherapy group. CONCLUSIONS This study describes the differential harvest internal and external sphincter muscle progenitor cells from human anal sphincters. We confirm that radiotherapy decreases the viability of internal and external anal sphincter progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- I T Son
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - H S Lee
- Department of Surgery, Uijeongbu St Mary's Hospital, Catholic University, Uijeongbu-si, South Korea
| | - M H Ihn
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - K H Lee
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - D-W Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - K-W Lee
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - J-S Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - S-B Kang
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
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Song JE, Lee HS. Mite color alteration and acaricidal activity of 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal and its structural analogues against the stored food pest mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae. Exp Appl Acarol 2018; 76:355-363. [PMID: 30343395 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-018-0318-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Acaricidal activities of the active component isolated from Melissa officinalis oil and its structural analogues against Tyrophagus putrescentiae were evaluated using fumigant and contact bioassays. The structure of 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal purified from M. officinalis oil was elucidated with EI-MS, 1H- and 13C-NMR, 1H-1H COSY, and DEPT-NMR. Based on the LD50 values of 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal analogues in fumigant and contact bioassays, respectively, 2,4-octadienal showed the highest activity (LD50 = 2.09 µg/cm3 and 11.08 µg/cm2), followed by 3,7-dimethyl-6-octenal (3.60 µg/cm3 and 29.34 µg/cm2), 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal (6.18 µg/cm3 and 36.17 µg/cm2), 2-octenal (7.45 µg/cm3 and 47.36 µg/cm2) and M. officinalis oil (8.89 µg/cm3 and 23.83 µg/cm2). Comparing the acaricidal activities of the aldehyde group based on the degree of unsaturation, 2,4-octadienal containing two double bonds was more potent than 2-octenal with a single double bond. Based on the acaricidal activities of the methyl group, on the other hand, 3,7-dimethyl-6-octenal containing a single double bond was more acaricidal than 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal with two double bonds. These results indicate that 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal analogues are useful to control food mites.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Song
- Department of Bioenvironmental Chemistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - H S Lee
- Department of Bioenvironmental Chemistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea.
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Dione M, Masembe C, Akol J, Amia W, Kungu J, Lee HS, Wieland B. The importance of on-farm biosecurity: Sero-prevalence and risk factors of bacterial and viral pathogens in smallholder pig systems in Uganda. Acta Trop 2018; 187:214-221. [PMID: 29949731 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The productivity of pigs in smallholder systems is affected by high disease burden, most of which might not be obvious, with their epidemiology and impact being poorly understood. This study estimated the seroprevalence and identified the risk factors of a range of bacterial and viral pathogens of potential economic and public health importance in domestic pigs in Uganda. A total of 522 clinically healthy pigs were randomly selected from 276 pig farms in Masaka (142) and Lira (134) districts of Uganda in 2015. RESULTS Overall the highest animal prevalence was found for Streptococcus suis 73.0% (CI95: 67.0-78.3) in Lira and 68.2% (CI95: 62.7-73.4) in Masaka; followed by Porcine circovirus type 2 with 50.8% (CI95: 44.5-57.2) in Lira and 40.7% (CI95: 35.2-46.5) in Masaka and Actinobacillus pleuro-pneumoniae, 25.6% (CI95: 20.4-31.6) in Lira and 20.5% (CI95: 16.2-25.6) in Masaka. Mycoplasma hyopneumonia prevalence was 20.9% (CI95: 16.2-26.6) in Lira and 10.1% (CI95: 7.1-14.1) in Masaka, while Porcine parvovirus was 6.2% (CI95: 4.0-9.7) in Masaka and 3.4% (CI95: 1.7-6.6) in Lira. Less common pathogens were Influenza A, 8.5% (CI95: 5.6-12.8) in Lira and 2.0% (CI95: 0.9-4.5) in Masaka and Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus, 1.7% (CI95: 0.7-4.3) in Lira and 1.3% (CI95: 0.5-3.5) in Masaka. Even less common was Rotavirus A with 0.8% (CI95: 0.2-3.0) in Lira and 0.7% (CI95: 0.2-2.5) in Masaka; the same was for Aujeszky virus with 0.4% (CI95: 0.7-2.4) in Lira and 0.0% (CI95: 0.0-0.1) in Masaka. Co-infection with two pathogens was common and there was a significant association of M. hyo and PCV2 co-occurrence (p = 0.016). Multivariate analysis showed that for S. suis the use of disinfectant reduced odds of sero-positivitey (OR = 0.15; p = 0.017) and pigs less than 6 months were more likely to be infected than older pigs (OR = 3.35; p = 0.047). For M. hyo, crossbred pigs had higher odd of infection compared to local breeds (OR = 1.59; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The studied pathogens have high prevalences in smallholder pig production systems and might be silent killers, thus affecting productivity and there is a possibility that some pathogens could spread to humans. Given the limited knowledge of veterinary workers and the poor diagnostic capacities and capabilities in these systems, the diseases are potentially usually under-diagnosed. These findings constitute baseline data to measure the impact of future interventions aiming to reduce disease burden in the pig production systems in Uganda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Dione
- International Livestock Research Institute, C/O Bioversity International, P. O. Box 24384 Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Charles Masembe
- College of Natural Sciences, Department of Zoology, Entomology and Fisheries Sciences Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Joyce Akol
- International Livestock Research Institute, C/O Bioversity International, P. O. Box 24384 Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Winfred Amia
- International Livestock Research Institute, C/O Bioversity International, P. O. Box 24384 Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Joseph Kungu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Department of Biosecurity, Ecosystems and Veterinary Public Health, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala Uganda.
| | - Hu Suk Lee
- International Livestock Research Institute, 298 Kim Ma Street, Ba Dinh District, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Barbara Wieland
- International Livestock Research Institute, P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
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Quintero M, Velásquez A, Jutinico LM, Jiménez-Vergara E, Blandón LM, Martinez K, Lee HS, Gómez-León J. Bioprospecting from marine coastal sediments of Colombian Caribbean: screening and study of antimicrobial activity. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 125:753-765. [PMID: 29791769 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To isolate micro-organisms associated with marine coastal sediments of Colombian Caribbean Sea and for evaluating its antimicrobial activity in order to identify the most active strains. METHODS AND RESULTS One hundred and four strains were isolated from sediment samples of the Colombian Caribbean Sea. First at all, an antimicrobial activity screening was made using agar well diffusion method against the pathogens: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Seventeen strains showed strong antimicrobial activity and were identified as members of the Streptomyces, Micrococcus and Bacillus genera. Organic extracts were produced by liquid-liquid extraction and HPLC profiles of the most active extracts were obtained. Then, the antimicrobial activity of the extracts was evaluated with the broth microdilution test, finding antimicrobial activities superior to 90% against S. aureus MRSA and C. albicans. HPLC profiles indicated the presence of different antimicrobial compounds. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that the microorganisms isolated from the Colombian Caribbean Sea are possible sources of antimicrobial compounds against pathogenic strains. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY These results contribute to the knowledge of the biotechnological potential of the Colombian biodiversity for the development of pharmaceutical products that can counteract the increasing problem of pathogen resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Quintero
- Marine and Coastal Research Institute "José Benito Vives de Andréis"- INVEMAR, Santa Marta D.T.C.H., Colombia
| | - A Velásquez
- Marine and Coastal Research Institute "José Benito Vives de Andréis"- INVEMAR, Santa Marta D.T.C.H., Colombia
| | - L M Jutinico
- Marine and Coastal Research Institute "José Benito Vives de Andréis"- INVEMAR, Santa Marta D.T.C.H., Colombia
| | - E Jiménez-Vergara
- Marine and Coastal Research Institute "José Benito Vives de Andréis"- INVEMAR, Santa Marta D.T.C.H., Colombia
| | - L M Blandón
- Marine and Coastal Research Institute "José Benito Vives de Andréis"- INVEMAR, Santa Marta D.T.C.H., Colombia
| | - K Martinez
- Marine and Coastal Research Institute "José Benito Vives de Andréis"- INVEMAR, Santa Marta D.T.C.H., Colombia
| | - H S Lee
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research, Ansan, Korea
| | - J Gómez-León
- Marine and Coastal Research Institute "José Benito Vives de Andréis"- INVEMAR, Santa Marta D.T.C.H., Colombia
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