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Huang Q, Chen J, Pan G, Reinke AW. Screening of the Pandemic Response Box identifies anti-microsporidia compounds. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011806. [PMID: 38064503 PMCID: PMC10732440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Microsporidia are fungal obligate intracellular pathogens, which infect most animals and cause microsporidiosis. Despite the serious threat that microsporidia pose to humans and agricultural animals, few drugs are available for the treatment and control of microsporidia. To identify novel inhibitors, we took advantage of the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans infected with its natural microsporidian Nematocida parisii. We used this system to screen the Pandemic Response Box, a collection of 400 diverse compounds with known antimicrobial activity. After testing these compounds in a 96-well format at high (100 μM) and low (40 μM) concentrations, we identified four inhibitors that restored the ability of C. elegans to produce progeny in the presence of N. parisii. All four compounds reduced the pathogen load of both N. parisii and Pancytospora epiphaga, a C. elegans-infecting microsporidia related to human-infecting species. One of these compounds, a known inhibitor of a viral protease, MMV1006203, inhibited invasion and prevented the firing of spores. A bis-indole derivative, MMV1593539, decreased spore viability. An albendazole analog, MMV1782387, inhibited proliferation of N. parisii. We tested albendazole as well as 5 other analogs and observed that MMV1782387 was amongst the strongest inhibitors of N. parisii and displayed the least host toxicity. Our study further demonstrates the effectiveness of the C. elegans-N. parisii system for discovering microsporidia inhibitors and the compounds we identified provide potential scaffolds for anti-microsporidia drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guoqing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Aaron W. Reinke
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Shamardl HAMA, Ibrahim NA, Merzeban DH, Elamir AM, Golam RM, Elsayed AM. Resveratrol and Dulaglutide ameliorate adiposity and liver dysfunction in rats with diet-induced metabolic syndrome: Role of SIRT-1 / adipokines / PPARγ and IGF-1. Daru 2023:10.1007/s40199-023-00458-y. [PMID: 36991247 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-023-00458-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adiposity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are common characteristics of metabolic syndrome (MS). Understanding the underlying pathogenesis is crucial for the development of new remedies. Resveratrol controls obesity and glycemic disorders in patients with MS. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the effect of resveratrol and dulaglutide on adipose tissues and liver in rats with MS, declaring their possible mechanisms. METHODS Rats allocated as Control, MS (induced by a high fat/ high sucrose diet for eight weeks), MS + Resveratrol (30 mg/kg/day orally), and MS + Dulaglutide (0.6 mg/kg twice weekly SC); drugs administration was in the last four weeks. Serum biochemical measurements were done. Liver and visceral fat were processed for biochemistry, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS MS results demonstrated significantly increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure, anthropometric measurements, serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), glycemic indices, and lipids with decreased HDL-C. Tissue levels of leptin, malondialdehyde (MDA), and TNF-α reactivity significantly increased. Expression of adiponectin, PPARγ, and insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) decreased. Also, Western blotting mRNA gene expression of liver SIRT-1 was down-regulated. Resveratrol and dulaglutide significantly and effectively reversed MS complexity, ameliorating all findings, particularly NAFLD and adiposity-induced inflammation. Resveratrol significantly appears superior to dulaglutide regarding the effects on hemodynamics, lipids, adipokines, IGF-1 levels, and adipocyte size. Parallel, dulaglutide has more influence on glycemic control. CONCLUSION Protective effects of the drugs may be through correlations between SIRT-1/adipokines/IGF-1 and PPARγ, improving the cross-talk between insulin resistance, obesity markers, liver dysfunction, and TNF-α. Promising multi-beneficial therapies of resveratrol or dulaglutide in MS are recommended clinically for this purpose. Showing the Experimental Design.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Noha A Ibrahim
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, 19052, Egypt
| | - Dina H Merzeban
- Medical Physiology DepartmentFaculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, 19052, Egypt
| | - Azza M Elamir
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, 19052, Egypt
| | - Rehab M Golam
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, 19052, Egypt
| | - Asmaa M Elsayed
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, 19052, Egypt
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Wei J, Fei Z, Pan G, Weiss LM, Zhou Z. Current Therapy and Therapeutic Targets for Microsporidiosis. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:835390. [PMID: 35356517 PMCID: PMC8959712 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.835390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microsporidia are obligate intracellular, spore-forming parasitic fungi which are grouped with the Cryptomycota. They are both opportunistic pathogens in humans and emerging veterinary pathogens. In humans, they cause chronic diarrhea in immune-compromised patients and infection is associated with increased mortality. Besides their role in pébrine in sericulture, which was described in 1865, the prevalence and severity of microsporidiosis in beekeeping and aquaculture has increased markedly in recent decades. Therapy for these pathogens in medicine, veterinary, and agriculture has become a recent focus of attention. Currently, there are only a few commercially available antimicrosporidial drugs. New therapeutic agents are needed for these infections and this is an active area of investigation. In this article we provide a comprehensive summary of the current as well as several promising new agents for the treatment of microsporidiosis including: albendazole, fumagillin, nikkomycin, orlistat, synthetic polyamines, and quinolones. Therapeutic targets which could be utilized for the design of new drugs are also discussed including: tubulin, type 2 methionine aminopeptidase, polyamines, chitin synthases, topoisomerase IV, triosephosphate isomerase, and lipase. We also summarize reports on the utility of complementary and alternative medicine strategies including herbal extracts, propolis, and probiotics. This review should help facilitate drug development for combating microsporidiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory for Sericulture Functional Genomics Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhihui Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory for Sericulture Functional Genomics Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guoqing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory for Sericulture Functional Genomics Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Louis M. Weiss
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Zeyang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory for Sericulture Functional Genomics Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
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Das R, Mitra S, Tareq AM, Emran TB, Hossain MJ, Alqahtani AM, Alghazwani Y, Dhama K, Simal-Gandara J. Medicinal plants used against hepatic disorders in Bangladesh: A comprehensive review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 282:114588. [PMID: 34480997 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Liver disease is a major cause of illness and death worldwide which accounts for approximately 2 million deaths per year worldwide, 1 million due to complications of cirrhosis and 1 million due to viral hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. That's why it is seeking the researchers' attention to find out the effective treatment strategies. Phytochemicals from natural resources are the main leads for the development of noble hepatoprotective drugs. The majority of the natural sources whose active compounds are currently employed actually have an ethnomedical use. Ethnopharmacological research is essential for the development of these bioactive compounds. These studies not only provide scientific evidence on medicinal plants utilized for particular therapeutic purposes, but they also ensure cultural heritage preservation. Plenty of experimental studies have been well-documented that the ethnomedicinal plants are of therapeutics' interest for the advanced pharmacological intervention in terms of hepatic disorders. AIM OF THE STUDY This study summarizes the processes of hepatotoxicity induced by various toxins and explores identified hepatoprotective plants and their phytoconstituents, which can guide the extraction of novel phytochemical constituents from plants to treat liver injury. This review aimed to summarize the hepatoprotective activity of Bangladeshi medicinal plants where the bioactive compounds may be leads for the drug discovery in future. MATERIALS AND METHODS Literature searches in electronic databases, such as Web of Science, Science Direct, SpringerLink, PubMed, Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar, Scopus, BanglaJOL, and so on, were performed using the keywords 'Bangladesh', 'ethnomedicinal plants', 'Hepatoprotective agents' as for primary searches, and secondary search terms were used as follows, either alone or in combination: traditional medicine, medicinal plants, folk medicine, liver, hepatitis, therapeutic uses, and anti-inflammatory. Besides, several books, including the book entitled "Medicinal plants of Bangladesh: chemical constituents and uses" authored by Abdul Ghani, were carefully considered, which contained pharmacological properties and phytoconstituents of many medicinal plants growing and traditionally available in Bangladesh. Among them, the most promising plant species with their latest therapeutic effects against hepatic disorders were deeply considered in this review. RESULTS The results of this study revealed that in most cases, therapy using plant extracts stabilized altered hepatic biochemical markers induced by hepatotoxins. Initially, we investigated 32 plant species for hepatoprotective activity, however after extensive literature searching; we observed that 20 plants offer good pharmacological evidence of hepatoprotective function. Consequently, most bioactive compounds derived from the herbs including berberine, thymoquinone, andrographolide, ursolic acid, luteolin, naringenin, genistein, quercetin, troxerutin, morin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, chlorogenic acid, emodin, curcumin, resveratrol, capsaicin, ellagic acid, etc. are appeared to be effective against hepatic disorders. CONCLUSIONS Flavonoids, phenolic acids, monoterpenoids, diterpenoids, triterpenoids, alkaloids, chromenes, capsaicinoids, curcuminoids, and anthraquinones are among the phytoconstituents were appraised to have hepatoprotective activities. All the actions displayed by these ethnomedicinal plants could make them serve as leads in the formulation of drugs with higher efficacy to treat hepatic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajib Das
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Saikat Mitra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Montakim Tareq
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, 4318, Bangladesh
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, 4381, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Jamal Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, 77 Satmasjid Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Ali M Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yahia Alghazwani
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareil-ly, 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo - Ourense Campus, E32004, Ourense, Spain.
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Babaeenezhad E, Nouryazdan N, Nasri M, Ahmadvand H, Moradi Sarabi M. Cinnamic acid ameliorate gentamicin-induced liver dysfunctions and nephrotoxicity in rats through induction of antioxidant activities. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07465. [PMID: 34278037 PMCID: PMC8264605 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was the first to evaluate the possible protective effects of cinnamic acid (CA) against Gentamicin (GM) induced liver and kidney dysfunctions in rats. Adult male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 4 equal groups (n = 8): Control group (saline, 0.5 ml/day), CA group (CA, 50 mg/kg/day), GM group (GM, 100 mg/kg/day), and GM + CA group (100 & 50 mg/kg/day). Following 12 days of treatments, blood and 24 h urine samples were collected and kidneys were taken out for biochemical, histopathological, and molecular studies. Following CA treatment, renal function markers and transaminases activities including serum urea (59.92%) and creatinine (50.41%), protein excretion rate (43.67%), and serum activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (54.34%) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (47.26%) significantly reduced in the treated group as compared with the GM group (P < 0.05). Also, CA could significantly ameliorate the levels of triglyceride (29.70%), cholesterol (13.02%), very low-density lipoprotein (29.69%) and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (7.28%). CA could also attenuate oxidative stress through a decrease of serum malondialdehyde (MDA) (50.86%) and nitric oxide (NO) (0.85%) and an increase of renal catalase (CAT) (196.14%) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities (45.88%) as well as GPX mRNA expression (44.42-fold) as compared with the GM group (P < 0.05). Moreover, histopathological evaluations revealed attenuated tubular damages and reduced inflammatory cellular infiltration in CA treated animals. Overall, CA alleviates GM-induced nephrotoxicity and alterations in transaminases activities in rats through its antioxidant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmaeel Babaeenezhad
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Nouryazdan
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Maryam Nasri
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Hassan Ahmadvand
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mostafa Moradi Sarabi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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