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Jin Q, Liang Y, Miao J, Xiong Y, Liu Z, Xue H, Li Z. Association between food intake and mental health problems among preschoolers in China. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1003416. [PMID: 36339145 PMCID: PMC9627167 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1003416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Our knowledge of associations between specific types of food and mental health problems in preschool children, an important developmental period, remains scarce. Using a large sample size and a brief measure, we aimed to examine associations between food groups and mental health problems in preschoolers. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 19,548 preschoolers in nine counties in China using a two-stage cluster sampling method. Information on food frequencies, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep conditions was collected by a parent-reported questionnaire. Mental health status was assessed by a parent-reported Strength and Difficulty Questionnaire (SDQ). Height and weight were measured, and BMI was calculated. Relationships between specific types of food groups and mental health status were examined using multivariable regression modeling. Results Of the present study sample, 47.45% of children were girls. Boys had higher scores relating to total difficulties, conduct problems, hyperactivity, and peer problems than girls but lower scores in emotional symptoms and prosocial behavior. Children with more types of food categories tended to get lower SDQ total scores even after adjusting for confounding variables (p < 0.0001). The subscale scores of SDQ varied depending on the types and numbers of food consumed. Notably, boys' mental health problems were more likely to be associated with their consumed food type. Processed meat frequency intake among boys and girls was positively related to prosocial behavior (Girls: pickled food: p = 0.003, fried food: p < 0.0001, barbecued food: p = 0.006, smoked food: p = 0.005; Boys: pickled food: p = 0.3, fried food: p < 0.0001, barbecued food: p = 0.006, smoked food: p = 0.005) and negatively associated with the SDQ total and the other subscale scores (Girls: pickled food: p ≤ 0.02, fried food: p ≤ 0.005 except for emotions (p = 0.1), barbecued food: p ≤ 0.047, smoked food: p ≤ 0.04 (except for emotions (p = 0.06) and conduct behaviors (p = 0.2)); Boys: pickled food: p < 0.01 except for hyperactivity (p = 0.5), fried food: p ≤ 0.005 except for emotions (p = 0.1), barbecued food: p ≤ 0.007 except for hyperactivity (p = 0.8), smoked food: p ≤ 0.001 except for hyperactivity (p = 0.1) and peer problem (p = 0.08)). Adequate intake frequency of confectionery (2-4 times/week) was beneficial to their emotions, conduct, and total difficulties and was also beneficial for peer and prosocial behavior for boys (Girls: emotions: p = 0.02, conduct: p = 0.02, hyperactivity: p = 0.4, peer: p = 0.06, total difficulties: p = 0.01, prosocial behavior: p = 0.1; Boys: emotions: p = 0.009, conduct: p = 0.0009, hyperactivity: p = 0.7, peer: p = 0.02: total difficulties: p = 0.003, prosocial behavior: p = 0.0002). Conclusion Diverse food categories and adequate frequency of confectionery were found to be beneficial for children's mental health, with the exception of processed meat. These findings provide novel information and supportive data for children's dietary guidelines and the improvement of mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyun Jin
- Department of Child Healthcare, Zunyi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Zunyi, China
| | - Yi Liang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Junjie Miao
- School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yi Xiong
- Department of Child Healthcare, Zunyi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Zunyi, China
| | - Zhijun Liu
- Department of Applied Psychology, School of Management, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Hongmei Xue
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China,Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Health, Shijiazhuang, China,College of Public Health, Hebei University, Baoding, China,Hongmei Xue
| | - Zengning Li
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China,Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Health, Shijiazhuang, China,*Correspondence: Zengning Li
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Le GB, Dinh DX. Prevalence and associated factors of overweight and obesity among primary school children: a cross-sectional study in Thanhhoa City, Vietnam. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e058504. [PMID: 35459674 PMCID: PMC9036463 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence and associated factors of overweight and obesity among primary school children (6-11 years old) in Thanhhoa city in 2021. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Seven primary schools in Thanhhoa city, Vietnam. PARTICIPANTS 782 children (and their parents). PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Two-stage cluster random sampling was used for selecting children and data were collected from January to February 2021. A self-administrated questionnaire was designed for children and their parents. Children's height and weight were measured and body mass index (BMI)-for-age z-scores were computed using the WHO Anthro software V.1.0.4. Data were analysed using R software V.4.1.2. The associations between potential factors and childhood overweight/obesity were analysed through univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Variables were selected using the Bayesian Model Averaging method. RESULTS The prevalence of overweight/obesity among primary school children in Thanhhoa city was 35.93% (overweight 21.61% and obesity 14.32%). The proportion of overweight girls was nearly equal to that of boys (20.78% and 22.52%, respectively, p=0.6152) while the proportion of boys with obesity was four times as many as that of girls (23.86% and 5.62%, respectively, p<0.0001). Child's sex was the factor significantly associated with childhood overweight/obesity. Boys had double the risk of being overweight/obese than girls (adjusted OR: aOR=2.48, p<0.0001). Other potential factors which may be associated with childhood overweight/obesity included mode of transport to school, the people living with the child, mother's occupation, father's education, eating confectionery, the total time of doing sports, and sedentary activities. CONCLUSION One in every three primary school children in Thanhhoa city were either overweight or obese. Parents, teachers and policy-makers can implement interventions in the aforementioned factors to reduce the rate of childhood obesity. In forthcoming years, longitudinal studies should be conducted to determine the causal relationships between potential factors and childhood overweight/obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giang Ba Le
- Faculty of Public Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Dai Xuan Dinh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Management and Pharmacoeconomics, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Hanoi, Viet Nam
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Bibiloni MDM, Gallardo-Alfaro L, Gómez SF, Wärnberg J, Osés-Recalde M, González-Gross M, Gusi N, Aznar S, Marín-Cascales E, González-Valeiro MA, Serra-Majem L, Terrados N, Segu M, Lassale C, Homs C, Benavente-Marín JC, Labayen I, Zapico AG, Sánchez-Gómez J, Jiménez-Zazo F, Alcaraz PE, Sevilla-Sánchez M, Herrera-Ramos E, Pulgar S, Sistac C, Schröder H, Bouzas C, Tur JA. Determinants of Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Spanish Children and Adolescents: The PASOS Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14040738. [PMID: 35215388 PMCID: PMC8874357 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A progressive shift away from traditional healthy dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), has been observed in recent decades. The aim of this study was to assess determinants of optimal adherence to the MedDiet in Spanish children and adolescents. A cross-sectional analysis was included in the PASOS nationwide representative study in Spain. Participants were 3607 children and adolescents; 8-16 years old. Primary and secondary outcome measures of weight and height were measured. Adherence to the MedDiet, physical activity, and sedentary behavior in children and adolescents, as well as parental physical activity and dietary habits, were assessed. Optimal adherence to the MedDiet was observed in 45.5% of primary school students and 34.8% of secondary school students (OR: 0.65; 95%CI: 0.56-0.75). Optimal adherence to the MedDiet was higher in children/adolescents meeting daily recommended moderate and vigorous physical activity (OR: 2.39, 95%CI: 1.97-2.89) and in those meeting daily recommended screen time on weekdays (OR: 2.05, 95%CI: 1.77-2.38) and weekends (OR: 1.76, 95%CI: 1.48-2.10). Participants with optimal adherence to the MedDiet were more likely to have mothers with a high-level education and high-tercile of SDQS, mothers who never smoked or were former smokers, and mothers who met the recommended physical activity and screen time. It can be concluded that a low prevalence of optimal adherence to the MedDiet was found among current Spanish children and adolescents. Optimal adherence to the MedDiet was associated with reaching the recommendations on physical activity and screen time, with the highest maternal educational level, and healthier maternal lifestyles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria del Mar Bibiloni
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS & Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IDISBA), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.d.M.B.); (L.G.-A.); (C.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.W.); (M.G.-G.); (L.S.-M.)
| | - Laura Gallardo-Alfaro
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS & Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IDISBA), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.d.M.B.); (L.G.-A.); (C.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.W.); (M.G.-G.); (L.S.-M.)
| | - Santiago F. Gómez
- Gasol Foundation, Sant Boi de Llobregat, 08830 Barcelona, Spain; (S.F.G.); (C.H.)
- GREpS, Health Education Research Group, Nursing and Physiotherapy Department, University of Lleida, 25008 Lleida, Spain
| | - Julia Wärnberg
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.W.); (M.G.-G.); (L.S.-M.)
- Epi-Phaan Research Group, Institute of Biomedical research of Malaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, 29016 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Maddi Osés-Recalde
- ELIKOS Group, Department of Health Sciences, Institute for Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain (IS-FOOD), Public University of Navarre, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.O.-R.); (I.L.)
| | - Marcela González-Gross
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.W.); (M.G.-G.); (L.S.-M.)
- ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Narcís Gusi
- Physical Activity and Quality of Life Research Group (AFYCAV), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (N.G.); (J.S.-G.)
| | - Susana Aznar
- PAFS Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, La Mancha-Toledo Campus, University of Castilla, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (S.A.); (F.J.-Z.)
| | - Elena Marín-Cascales
- Research Center for High Performance Sport, San Antonio Catholic University of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (E.M.-C.); (P.E.A.)
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, San Antonio Catholic University of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Miguel A. González-Valeiro
- Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, Universidade da Coruña, 15001 A Coruña, Spain; (M.A.G.-V.); (M.S.-S.)
| | - Lluís Serra-Majem
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.W.); (M.G.-G.); (L.S.-M.)
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain;
- Preventive Medicine Service, Centro Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno Infantil (CHUIMI), Canarian Health Service, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Nicolás Terrados
- Regional Unit of Sports Medicine of Principado de Asturias, Municipal Sports Foundation of Avilés, 33401 Avilés, Spain; (N.T.); (S.P.)
| | - Marta Segu
- Probitas Foundation, 08022 Barcelona, Spain; (M.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Camille Lassale
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (C.L.); (H.S.)
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Institute for Medical Research, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clara Homs
- Gasol Foundation, Sant Boi de Llobregat, 08830 Barcelona, Spain; (S.F.G.); (C.H.)
- Global Research on Wellbeing (GRoW), Blanquerna Faculty of Health Sciences, Ramon Llull University, 08022 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Benavente-Marín
- Epi-Phaan Research Group, Institute of Biomedical research of Malaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, 29016 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Idoia Labayen
- ELIKOS Group, Department of Health Sciences, Institute for Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain (IS-FOOD), Public University of Navarre, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.O.-R.); (I.L.)
| | - Augusto G. Zapico
- ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Didactics of Language, Arts and Physical Education, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Sánchez-Gómez
- Physical Activity and Quality of Life Research Group (AFYCAV), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (N.G.); (J.S.-G.)
| | - Fabio Jiménez-Zazo
- PAFS Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, La Mancha-Toledo Campus, University of Castilla, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (S.A.); (F.J.-Z.)
| | - Pedro E. Alcaraz
- Research Center for High Performance Sport, San Antonio Catholic University of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (E.M.-C.); (P.E.A.)
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, San Antonio Catholic University of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Marta Sevilla-Sánchez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, Universidade da Coruña, 15001 A Coruña, Spain; (M.A.G.-V.); (M.S.-S.)
| | - Estefanía Herrera-Ramos
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain;
| | - Susana Pulgar
- Regional Unit of Sports Medicine of Principado de Asturias, Municipal Sports Foundation of Avilés, 33401 Avilés, Spain; (N.T.); (S.P.)
| | - Clara Sistac
- Probitas Foundation, 08022 Barcelona, Spain; (M.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Helmut Schröder
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (C.L.); (H.S.)
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Institute for Medical Research, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Bouzas
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS & Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IDISBA), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.d.M.B.); (L.G.-A.); (C.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.W.); (M.G.-G.); (L.S.-M.)
| | - Josep A. Tur
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS & Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IDISBA), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.d.M.B.); (L.G.-A.); (C.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.W.); (M.G.-G.); (L.S.-M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-97-1173-146l; Fax: +34-971-173-184
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Makri R, Katsoulis M, Fotiou A, Kanavou E, Stavrou M, Richardson C, Kanellopoulou A, Orfanos P, Benetou V, Kokkevi A. Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity and Associated Diet-Related Behaviours and Habits in a Representative Sample of Adolescents in Greece. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9010119. [PMID: 35053743 PMCID: PMC8774704 DOI: 10.3390/children9010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Excessive body weight during adolescence represents a significant public health problem worldwide. Identifying factors associated with its development is crucial. We estimated the prevalence of overweight and obesity in a representative sample of 11, 13 and, 15-year-olds living in Greece and explored the association with diet-related behaviours and habits. Self-reported data on weight, height, diet-related behaviours and habits were used from 3816 students (1898 boys, 1918 girls) participants in the Greek arm of the international Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC) study during 2018. Overweight and obesity were defined using the 2007 WHO growth charts classification. Prevalence of overweight was 19.4% in the total sample, 24.1% for boys and 14.7% for girls, and prevalence of obesity was 5.3% in the total sample, 7.3% for boys and 3.4% for girls, respectively. In the total sample, overweight (including obesity) was positively associated with male gender, low family affluence, skipping breakfast, and being on a diet, and inversely associated with age and being physically active. Eating rarely with the family was positively associated with overweight only among boys and eating snacks/meals in front of screens only among girls. No association was noted for eating in fast-food restaurants, consuming vegetables, fruits, sweets, and sugar-sweetened beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Makri
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115-27 Athens, Greece; (R.M.); (P.O.)
| | - Michail Katsoulis
- Institute of Health Informatics, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London ΝW1 2DA, UK;
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, London WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Anastasios Fotiou
- University Mental Health, Neurosciences, & Precision Medicine Research Institute “Costas Stefanis” (UMHRI), 115-27 Athens, Greece; (A.F.); (E.K.); (M.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Eleftheria Kanavou
- University Mental Health, Neurosciences, & Precision Medicine Research Institute “Costas Stefanis” (UMHRI), 115-27 Athens, Greece; (A.F.); (E.K.); (M.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Myrto Stavrou
- University Mental Health, Neurosciences, & Precision Medicine Research Institute “Costas Stefanis” (UMHRI), 115-27 Athens, Greece; (A.F.); (E.K.); (M.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Clive Richardson
- Department of Economic and Regional Development, Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences, 176-71 Athens, Greece;
| | - Afroditi Kanellopoulou
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 451-10 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Philippos Orfanos
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115-27 Athens, Greece; (R.M.); (P.O.)
| | - Vassiliki Benetou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115-27 Athens, Greece; (R.M.); (P.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-210-7462074
| | - Anna Kokkevi
- University Mental Health, Neurosciences, & Precision Medicine Research Institute “Costas Stefanis” (UMHRI), 115-27 Athens, Greece; (A.F.); (E.K.); (M.S.); (A.K.)
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Zhu J, Tan Y, Lu W, He Y, Yu Z. Current Assessment of Weight, Dietary and Physical Activity Behaviors among Middle and High School Students in Shanghai, China-A 2019 Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124331. [PMID: 34959883 PMCID: PMC8707717 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Poor nutrition or insufficient physical activity (PA) are risk factors for obesity and chronic diseases. This 2019 cross-sectional study from the school health survey examined the dietary and PA behaviors of Chinese adolescents. A total of 12,860 adolescents aged 11–18 participated through multistage and stratified cluster random sampling. A questionnaire collected data on weight, PA, sedentary lifestyle, and eating habits. Unhealthy behaviors were identified and summed up for each behavior. Participants were then classified into high and low amounts of risk behaviors. Weight status was defined using Body Mass Index (BMI) cutoff points for Chinese individuals aged 6–18. Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess effects of lifestyle behaviors on weight status. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 22.3% among all participants (30.6% in boys, 13.2% in girls). Females engaged in more risk physical activities (4.12 vs. 3.80, p < 0.05), while males engaged in more risk dietary activities (2.20 vs. 2.02, p < 0.05). Higher number of risk dietary, PA, and sedentary behaviors were all significantly correlated with higher BMI (dietary: r = 0.064; PA: r = 0.099; sedentary: r = 0.161; p < 0.001 for all) and body weight (dietary: r = 0.124; PA: r = 0.128; sedentary: r = 0.222; p < 0.001 for all). Risk sedentary behaviors was a significant risk factor for overweight/obesity (Adjusted Odds Ratio AOR = 1.30, 95% Confidence Interval CI 1.11–1.52). Obesity and unhealthy lifestyle behaviors remain a concern among Chinese adolescents. These results provide an update on the factors contributing to overweight/obesity among adolescents and call for efforts to address obesity among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfen Zhu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China; (J.Z.); (Y.T.); (W.L.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yinliang Tan
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China; (J.Z.); (Y.T.); (W.L.); (Y.H.)
| | - Weiyi Lu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China; (J.Z.); (Y.T.); (W.L.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yaping He
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China; (J.Z.); (Y.T.); (W.L.); (Y.H.)
| | - Zhiping Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-904-6201442
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Navidad L, Padial-Ruz R, González MC. Nutrition, Physical Activity, and New Technology Programs on Obesity Prevention in Primary Education: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph181910187. [PMID: 34639488 PMCID: PMC8507778 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph181910187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Early acquisition of healthy lifestyle habits is crucial for good adult health. For this reason, the primary stage of education is a critical period to implement educational policies in this regard. The aim of this review is to compile the published evidence regarding school interventions at the primary stage aimed at preventing obesity, and which integrate as part of their action plan two features: an improvement in knowledge or nutrition habits and the promotion of physical activity (PA), and the use of new information and communications technologies (ICT) to do this. The method used for this review is the searching of different databases for publications that include these criteria. The results show beneficial effects of such interventions in improved eating habits and increased PA. The effect on BMI is limited, and the use of ICT can be of help at a motivational level for the maintenance and fulfilment of the health objectives. However, studies of this type in elementary school are very limited, so it would be necessary to continue researching on this line. In conclusion, this review demonstrates the suitability of carrying out mixed interventions (improved nutrition and PA) together with the use of new technologies to improve health and prevent obesity at an early age.
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The Contribution of Foods and Beverages of Low Nutritional Value to the Diets of Swedish Adolescents, by Food Group, Time and Place. A Nationally Representative Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072450. [PMID: 34371960 PMCID: PMC8308806 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is a time in life when lifestyle behaviours are acquired. One indicator of poor diet quality is the intake of foods and beverages with a relatively low nutritional value. Using the Australian classification of such foods, termed "discretionary", we classified the intakes of Swedish adolescents who participated in the Riksmaten Adolescent 2016-17 national dietary survey. From selected schools, 3099 adolescents in age groups 11-12, 14-15 and 17-18 years provided two 24-h recalls. Intakes and healthy dietary scores were calculated. Plasma ferritin, folate and 25(OH)D were available for a third. Almost 40% of total energy came from discretionary foods/beverages. Adolescents with higher intakes were more likely to be female, older, from a low socioeconomic position-household and born in Sweden. Most discretionary foods/beverages were consumed on weekend days and during in-between meals, outside of the home and at school. Percent energy from discretionary intake was associated with healthy dietary scores but not nutritional status. A substantial amount of energy was obtained from discretionary foods/beverages, and we found that consumption is pervasive across sociodemographic factors, time and place. Addressing this pattern will require a comprehensive approach to food environments and behaviours to reach all adolescents in an equitable manner.
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Lommi S, Figueiredo RADO, Tuorila H, Viljakainen H. Frequent use of selected sugary products associates with thinness, but not overweight during preadolescence: a cross-sectional study. Br J Nutr 2020; 124:631-640. [PMID: 32312332 PMCID: PMC7525105 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520001361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Convincing evidence suggests that diets laden with added sugar, specifically sugar-sweetened beverages, associate with excess weight in children. The relationships between sugar consumption frequency and BMI remain less well studied. We, therefore, evaluated children's consumption frequency of selected sugary products (n 8461; mean age 11·1 (sd 0·9) years) selected from the Finnish Health in Teens cohort study. Using a sixteen-item FFQ including six sugary products (chocolate/sweets, biscuits/cookies, ice cream, sweet pastry, sugary juice drinks and sugary soft drinks), we calculated a Sweet Treat Index (STI) for the frequency of weekly sugary product consumption and categorised children based on quartiles (Q) into low (Q1, cut-off < 4·0), medium (Q2 + Q3, range 4·0-10·5) and high STI (Q4, cut-off > 10·5), and as thin, normal and overweight/obese based on the measured BMI. Through multinomial logistic regression analyses, we found that subjects with a high STI exhibited a higher risk of being thin (OR 1·20, 95 % CI 1·02, 1·41) and lower risk of being overweight (OR 0·79, 95 % CI 0·67, 0·92), while subjects with a low STI were at higher risk of being overweight (OR 1·32, 95 % CI 1·14, 1·53). High consumption frequencies of salty snacks, pizza and hamburgers most closely were associated with a high STI. Our findings suggest that consuming sugary products at a high frequency does not associate with being overweight. The relationship between a low consumption frequency and being overweight suggests that overweight children's consumption frequency of sugary products may be controlled, restricted or underreported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohvi Lommi
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, 00250Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Hely Tuorila
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, 00014Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heli Viljakainen
- Folkhälsan Research Center, 00250Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, 00014Helsinki, Finland
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9
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Smith L, Grabovac I, Jackson SE, Veronese N, Shang C, López-Sánchez GF, Schuch FB, Koyanagi A, Jacob L, Soysal P, Yang L, Zhu X. Chocolate Consumption and Indicators of Adiposity in US Adults. Am J Med 2020; 133:1082-1087. [PMID: 32067980 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2020.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this research is to investigate the association between consumption of chocolate and measures of adiposity in a large, representative sample of US adults. METHODS Cross-sectional data from 13,626 nondiabetic adults (≥20 years) participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey study were aggregated using 5 study cycles from 2005-2006 through 2013-2014. Chocolate consumption was determined based on 2 24-hour dietary recalls. Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference were objectively measured. We used multivariable linear regression to test associations of 1) any chocolate consumption (yes/no), and 2) the total amount of chocolate consumption (grams/day, in quartiles) with BMI and waist circumference. Models controlled for sociodemographic, lifestyle, health-related, and dietary covariates. RESULTS Overall, 11.1% of the population self-reported any chocolate consumption in either of their 2 24-hour dietary recalls. Adjusted linear regression models showed that individuals who reported any chocolate consumption had 0.92 kg/m2 (95% confidence interval, 0.53-1.32) lower BMI, and 2.07 cm (95% confidence intervals, 1.22-2.92) lower waist circumference than those who reported no chocolate consumption. In models examining the association of amount of chocolate consumption and weight status, compared with those who did not consume chocolate, lower BMI (P for trend = .003) and waist circumference (P for trend = .001) were observed in the first, second, and third quartiles of total chocolate consumption. CONCLUSIONS In this representative sample of US adults, chocolate consumption was associated with lower markers of adiposity. Further research using a longitudinal or experimental design is needed to establish the direction of causation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Smith
- The Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Igor Grabovac
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Sarah E Jackson
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, UK
| | - Nicola Veronese
- National Research Council, Neuroscience Institute, Aging Branch, Padova, Italy
| | - Ce Shang
- Oklahoma Tobacco Research Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City
| | | | - Felipe B Schuch
- Department of Sports Methods and Techniques, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain; ICREA, Pg. Lluis Companys 23, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Louis Jacob
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Pinar Soysal
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Lin Yang
- Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Canada
| | - Xiangzhu Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn
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Brouns F. Saccharide Characteristics and Their Potential Health Effects in Perspective. Front Nutr 2020; 7:75. [PMID: 32733909 PMCID: PMC7357269 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand the effects of saccharides on our metabolism and health, we need a clear understanding of what they are, how they differ, and why some types are deemed "less healthy" and others "better for health." There are various ways to look at this topic. Firstly, saccharides can be classified according to their degree of polymerization (DP). This classification is useful when qualitative or quantitative analysis and calculation of intakes are required or for food-labeling definitions. However, it does not account for the fact that saccharides with a similar DP can differ in molecular composition, which will influence digestion, absorption, and metabolism. Secondly, another approach widely used in the biomedical and nutritional sciences is therefore a physiological classification, which addresses the rate and degree of digestibility and absorption, the glycemic response, and the metabolic fate. The individual health status also plays a role in this respect. An active, lean person will have a metabolic response that differs from an inactive person with overweight and insulin resistance. However, this approach will not give a complete answer either because the characteristics of the matrix/meal in which these carbohydrates (CHOs) are present will also influence the responses of our body. Thirdly, one can also rank CHOs by comparing their functional/technological properties, such as relative sweetness, viscosity, and solubility. Understanding CHO characteristics and related physiological responses will help understand health and disease implications. Therefore, a brief outline of different carbohydrate classifications is presented. This outline will be placed in the context of potential overall effects after consumption. The answer to the question whether we should we eat less of certain sugars depends on the angle from which you look at this matter; for example, do you address this question from a single molecular characteristic point of view or from a meal quality perspective? Looking at one particular CHO characteristic will almost always lead to a different conclusion (e.g., the labeling of fructose as toxic) than evaluating from a "total perspective" (fructose has adverse effects in certain conditions). Examples are given to help understand this matter for the benefit of justified dietary/food-based recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred Brouns
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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11
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Higher chocolate intake is associated with longer telomere length among adolescents. Pediatr Res 2020; 87:602-607. [PMID: 31574531 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-019-0590-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chocolate intake has shown cardiometabolic health benefits. Whether chocolate has any effect on cellular aging remains unknown. We aimed to test the hypothesis that higher chocolate intake is associated with longer leukocyte telomere length (LTL) in adolescents. METHODS A total of 660 adolescents (aged 14-18 years) were included in the analysis. The chocolate intake was assessed by 7-day, 24-h dietary recalls and split into three groups, which were none, <2 servings/week, and 2 servings/week or more. LTL (T/S ratio) was determined by a modified quantitative polymerase chain reaction-based assay. RESULTS Among the 660 adolescents, 58% did not take any chocolate, 25% consumed <2 servings/week, and 17% consumed ≥2 servings/week. Compared to non-consumers, adolescents who consumed chocolate of ≥2 servings/week had 0.27 standard deviation (SD) longer LTL (p = 0.014). Higher chocolate consumption was associated with increased apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) (p = 0.038) and ApoA1/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (p = 0.046). Moreover, higher ApoA1/HDL levels were correlated with longer LTL (p = 0.026). CONCLUSION Adolescents who consume 2 servings/week or more of chocolate candy have longer LTL compared with non-consumers, and ApoA1/HDL pathway may be involved in this relationship.
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Skeie G, Sandvær V, Grimnes G. Intake of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages in Adolescents from Troms, Norway-The Tromsø Study: Fit Futures. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020211. [PMID: 30678146 PMCID: PMC6412924 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
High intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) has been associated with weight gain and chronic disease. The objective of this paper was to study the intake of SSB and characteristics associated with SSB intake in adolescents from Troms, Norway. We present results from a cross-sectional analysis from the Tromsø Study: Fit Futures, with 426 female and 444 male students aged 15⁻17 years (93% participation rate). Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses were performed. Among females, 31.8% drank at least one glass of SSB per day on average, compared to 61.0% among males. The adjusted OR (odds ratio) of daily SSB drinking for males vs. females was 3.74 (95% CI (confidence interval) 2.68⁻5.22). Other dietary habits such as eating snacks, drinking artificially sweetened beverages, fruit juice, and seldom eating breakfast were associated with higher odds for daily SSB drinking, as was daily snuffing. Weight class was not associated with daily SSB drinking. Students in vocational studies, particularly males tended to be more likely to be daily SSB drinkers. The prevalence of participants who on average were daily drinkers was higher than in national studies. We have identified several possible targets for interventions. Clustering of unhealthy behaviours and tendencies to socioeconomic differences are of particular concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guri Skeie
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Vårin Sandvær
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
- Nordland Fylkeskommune, Seksjon for Folkehelse, N-8048 Bodø, Norway.
| | - Guri Grimnes
- Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, N-9038 Tromsø, Norway.
- Tromsø Endocrine Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
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Shariful Islam S, Wang C, Dong Z, Yu A, Razi F, Gupta R, Moni M. The relationship between fat mass and obesity-associated gene polymorphism and obesity among children in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/jncd.jncd_43_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Bidirectional associations between diet and body composition measures from 2 to 15 years: Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. Br J Nutr 2018; 121:212-220. [PMID: 30375296 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114518003173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates how dietary patterns and scores are associated with subsequent BMI and waist:height ratio (WHtR), and how BMI and WHtR are associated with subsequent dietary patterns or scores, from 2-3 to 10-11 and 4-5 to 14-15 years of age. In the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children, height, weight and waist circumference were measured biennially in children, yielding BMI z-score and WHtR. Parents, latterly children, reported frequency of child consumption of 12-16 food/drink items during the previous 24 h. At each wave, we empirically derived dietary patterns using factor analyses, and dietary scores based on the 2013 Australian Dietary Guidelines. We used structural-equation modelling to investigate cross-lagged associations (n 1972-2882) between diet and body composition measures in univariable and multivariable analyses. Dietary scores/patterns did not consistently predict WHtR and BMI z-score in the next wave, nor did BMI z-score and WHtR consistently predict diet in the next wave. The few associations seen were weak and often in the opposite direction to that hypothesised. The largest effect, associated with each standard deviation increase in BMI in wave 5 of the K cohort (age 12-13 years), was a 0·06 standard deviation estimated mean increase in dietary score (higher quality diet) in the subsequent wave (95 % CI 0·02, 0·11, P=0·003). Associations between dietary patterns/scores and body composition were not strongly evident in either direction. Better quantitative childhood dietary tools feasible for large-scale administration are needed to quantify how dietary patterns, energy intake and anthropometry co-develop.
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Kristiansen H, Eide GE, Brannsether B, Roelants M, Bjerknes R, Júlíusson PB. Associations between different weight-related anthropometric traits and lifestyle factors in Norwegian children and adolescents: A case for measuring skinfolds. Am J Hum Biol 2018; 30:e23187. [PMID: 30329195 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between weight-related anthropometric measures and children's eating habits, physical activity and sedentary lifestyle at a population level. METHODS Data from the Bergen Growth Study were used to study the association of z-scores of waist circumference (WC), weight-to-height ratio (WHtR), subscapularis (SSF) and triceps (TSF) skinfolds and BMI, with lifestyle factors in 3063 Norwegian children (1543 boys) aged 4-15 years, using linear regression analysis. Each sex was analyzed separately. RESULTS In a fully adjusted model with additional correction for BMI z-scores, the consumption of vegetables was associated with higher WC (b = 0.03) and TSF (b = 0.05) z-scores in girls. Sedentary behavior was not associated with any of the anthropometric measures. Physical activity was negatively associated with SSF (b = -0.07) and TSF (b = -0.07) z-scores in boys, while a significant negative association was observed with WC (b = -0.02), WHtR (b = -0.03), SSF (b = -0.04) and TSF (b = -0.06) in girls. CONCLUSION Physical activity was negatively associated with skinfolds in both sexes. The BMI was not related to the level of physical activity, and should be complemented with direct measures of fat tissue, like skinfolds, when studying the effect of physical activity on body composition in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hege Kristiansen
- Department of Pediatrics, District General Hospital of Førde, Førde, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, Section for Pediatrics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Geir Egil Eide
- Centre for Clinical Research, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Research Group for Lifestyle Epidemiology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bente Brannsether
- Department of Clinical Science, Section for Pediatrics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Pediatrics, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Mathieu Roelants
- Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robert Bjerknes
- Department of Clinical Science, Section for Pediatrics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Pétur B Júlíusson
- Department of Clinical Science, Section for Pediatrics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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16
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Adams EL, Savage JS. From the children's perspective: What are candy, snacks, and meals? Appetite 2017; 116:215-222. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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