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Zhang H, Xu C, Zhang J, Yin J, Yao N, Pang Q, Liu Z, Wang C, Shi Y, Shang L, Han Z. The intake of solid fat and cheese may be associated with a reduced risk of Helicobacter pylori infection status: a cross-sectional study based on NHANES 1999-2000. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:493. [PMID: 38745170 PMCID: PMC11092062 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09392-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet plays an important role in Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection, and our objective was to investigate potential connections between dietary patterns, specific food groups, and HP infection status in U.S. adults. METHODS The data for this study was obtained from the NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Survey) database for the year 1999-2000. This cross-sectional study involved the selection of adults aged 20 years and older who had undergone dietary surveys and HP testing. Factor analysis was employed to identify dietary patterns, and logistic regression models were utilized to assess the association between these dietary patterns and specific food groups with HP infection status. RESULT Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, our final analysis included 2,952 individuals. The median age of participants was 51.0 years, and 48.7% were male. In the study population, the overall prevalence of HP infection was 44.9%. Factor analysis revealed three distinct dietary patterns: High-fat and high-sugar pattern (including solid fats, refined grains, cheese, and added sugars); Vegetarian pattern (comprising fruits, juices, and whole grains); Healthy pattern (encompassing vegetables, nuts and seeds, and oils). Adjusted results showed that the high-fat and high-sugar pattern (OR = 0.689, 95% CI: 0.688-0.690), vegetarian pattern (OR = 0.802, 95% CI: 0.801-0.803), and healthy pattern (OR = 0.717, 95% CI: 0.716-0.718) were all linked to a lower likelihood of HP infection. Further analysis of the high-fat and high-sugar pattern revealed that solid fats (OR = 0.717, 95% CI: 0.716-0.718) and cheese (OR = 0.863, 95% CI: 0.862-0.864) were protective factors against HP infection, while refined grains (OR = 1.045, 95% CI: 1.044-1.046) and added sugars (OR = 1.014, 95% CI: 1.013-1.015) were identified as risk factors for HP infection. CONCLUSION Both the Vegetarian pattern and the Healthy pattern are associated with a reduced risk of HP infection. Interestingly, the High-fat and High-sugar pattern, which is initially considered a risk factor for HP infection when the score is low, becomes a protective factor as the intake increases. Within this pattern, animal foods like solid fats and cheese play a protective role, while the consumption of refined grains and added sugars increases the likelihood of HP infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Air Force Medical Center, Fourth Military Medical University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi' an, 710032, China
| | - Chao Xu
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Knee Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ju Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi' an, 710032, China
| | - Jumei Yin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Air Force Medical Center, Fourth Military Medical University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi' an, 710032, China
| | - Nuo Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi' an, 710032, China
| | - Qimeng Pang
- Postgraduate Department, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China
| | - Zhihua Liu
- Postgraduate Department, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China
| | - Chenchen Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730050, China
| | - Yongquan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi' an, 710032, China
| | - Lei Shang
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Zheyi Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, Air Force Medical Center, Fourth Military Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Loechl CU, Datta-Mitra A, Fenlason L, Green R, Hackl L, Itzkowitz L, Koso-Thomas M, Moorthy D, Owino VO, Pachón H, Stoffel N, Zimmerman MB, Raiten DJ. Approaches to Address the Anemia Challenge. J Nutr 2023; 153 Suppl 1:S42-S59. [PMID: 37714779 PMCID: PMC10797550 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Anemia is a multifactorial condition; approaches to address it must recognize that the causal factors represent an ecology consisting of internal (biology, genetics, and health) and external (social/behavioral/demographic and physical) environments. In this paper, we present an approach for selecting interventions, followed by a description of key issues related to the multiple available interventions for prevention and reduction of anemia. We address interventions for anemia using the following 2 main categories: 1) those that address nutrients alone, and, 2) those that address nonnutritional causes of anemia. The emphasis will be on interventions of public health relevance, but we also consider the clinical context. We also focus on interventions at different stages of the life course, with a particular focus on women of reproductive age and preschool-age children, and present evidence on various factors to consider when selecting an intervention-inflammation, genetic mutations, nutrient delivery, bioavailability, and safety. Each section on an intervention domain concludes with a brief discussion of key research areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia U Loechl
- Division of Human Health, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ananya Datta-Mitra
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Lindy Fenlason
- Bureau for Global Health, USAID, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Ralph Green
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Laura Hackl
- USAID Advancing Nutrition, John Snow Inc., Arlington, VA, United States
| | - Laura Itzkowitz
- Bureau for Global Health, USAID, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Marion Koso-Thomas
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, Unites States
| | - Denish Moorthy
- USAID Advancing Nutrition, John Snow Inc., Arlington, VA, United States.
| | | | - Helena Pachón
- Food Fortification Initiative, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Nicole Stoffel
- Laboratory of Human Nutrition, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zu¨rich, Switzerland; MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael B Zimmerman
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel J Raiten
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, Unites States
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3
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Lowe NM, Qualter P, Sinclair JK, Gupta S, Zaman M. School Feeding to Improve Cognitive Performance in Disadvantaged Children: A 3-Arm Parallel Controlled Trial in Northwest Pakistan. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071768. [PMID: 37049608 PMCID: PMC10097018 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Malnutrition is associated with reduced learning aptitude and growth during childhood. We examined the impact of providing two school lunch variants, a standard school meal (school feeding, n = 70), or the standard meal with additional micronutrients (school feeding + micronutrient powder (MNP), n = 70), in children attending two schools in northwest Pakistan. A third local government school, where no lunch was provided (no school feeding, n = 70), served as the control. The primary outcome, cognitive function, was assessed using the Raven’s Coloured Progressive Matrices (RCPM) test, alongside haemoglobin, at three-time points: T1 (baseline, before the initiation of the school lunch programme), T2 and T3 (5 and 12 months, respectively, after the introduction of the school lunch). Data were analysed using linear mixed-effects models to contrast between trial groups, the changes from T1 to T2 and T3. Adjusted for T1 and other co-variates, improvements in the RCPM scores were significantly greater in the school feeding group at T2 (b = 1.61, (95% CI = 0.71–2.52), t = 3.52, p = 0.001) and T3 (b = 1.28, (95% CI = 0.22–2.35), t = 2.38, p = 0.019) compared with no school feeding. In addition, at T2 (b = 1.63, (95% CI = −0.10–3.37), t = 1.86, p = 0.065), there were no significant differences between school feeding + MNP and no school feeding groups. However, improvements in the RCPM scores were significantly greater in the school feeding + MNP group at T3 (b = 2.35, (95% CI = 0.51–4.20), t = 2.53, p = 0.013) compared with no school feeding. The findings indicate an improvement in cognitive performance in children who received a school meal with and without MNP, over a 12-month period. Currently there is no operational school feeding programme at the national or provincial level in Pakistan. Our findings, therefore, highlight the need for school feeding programmes to improve learning opportunities for children from underprivileged communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola M. Lowe
- Centre for Global Development, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Pamela Qualter
- Institute of Education, School of Environment, Education and Development, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Jonathan K. Sinclair
- Centre for Global Development, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Swarnim Gupta
- Centre for Global Development, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
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Kien NT, Duc TQ, Chi VTQ, Quang PN, Tuyen BTT, Hoa DTP. Declining trend in anemia prevalence among non-pregnant women of reproductive age in Vietnam over two decades: A systematic review and meta-analysis of population studies. Health Promot Perspect 2022; 12:231-239. [PMID: 36686045 PMCID: PMC9808904 DOI: 10.34172/hpp.2022.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Anaemia is a public health concern in developing nations, particularly among women of reproductive age. However, the present prevalence and recent trend in anaemia among this population are unclear. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the prevalence of anaemia among non-pregnant women in Vietnam. Methods: We systematically searched databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and reference lists of earlier prevalence studies from their inception until July 2022. For statistical analysis to check for heterogeneity, random or fixed effects models were employed to summarize the prevalence of anaemia. Visual examination of a funnel plot was used to determine the presence of publication bias, which was then verified using the Egger regression test. Subgroup analyses were also undertaken to evaluate how the proportion of anaemia differs across various study groups. Results: A total of 188 studies were found as a result of the bibliographical search. Finally, of the 12 included studies, anaemia affected 5089 non-pregnant women out of a total of 19744, making the prevalence of this condition 23.2% (95% CI: 16.1-32.2). From 1995 to 2013, the prevalence of anaemia in this population declined significantly, from 42.6% to 16.9%. Notably, the prevalence of anaemia among non-pregnant women differed by geography and increased by mountains, Northern Vietnam, rural areas, and ethnic minority groups. Furthermore, no publication bias was found in this meta-analysis. Conclusion: To enhance the health of women and meet global objectives for eliminating anaemia, more efforts are required in specific regions and ethnic minority groups in Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Trung Kien
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Thai Binh University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Binh, 06121, Vietnam
| | | | | | - Phan Ngoc Quang
- The Center Service for Technology Science of Medi-Phar, Thai Binh University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Binh, 06121, Vietnam
| | - Bui Thi Thanh Tuyen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Thai Binh University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Binh, 06121, Vietnam
| | - Dinh Thi Phuong Hoa
- Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, 1010, Auckland
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Andrews C, Shrestha R, Ghosh S, Appel K, Gurung S, Ausman LM, Marino Costello E, Webb P. Consumption of animal source foods, especially fish, is associated with better nutritional status among women of reproductive age in rural Bangladesh. MATERNAL & CHILD NUTRITION 2022; 18:e13287. [PMID: 34816603 PMCID: PMC8710098 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
In rural Bangladesh, intake of nutrient-rich foods, such as animal source foods (ASFs), is generally suboptimal. Diets low in nutrients and lacking in diversity put women of reproductive age (WRA) at risk of malnutrition as well as adverse birth outcomes. The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between maternal dietary diversity, consumption of specific food groups and markers of nutritional status, including underweight [body mass index (BMI) < 18.5 kg/m2 ], overweight (BMI ≥ 23 kg/m2 ) and anaemia (haemoglobin < 120 g/dl) among WRA in Bangladesh. This analysis used data from the third round of a longitudinal observational study, collected from February through May of 2017. Dietary data were collected with a questionnaire, and Women's Dietary Diversity Score (WDDS) was calculated. Associations between WDDS, food group consumption and markers of nutritional status were assessed with separate adjusted logistic regression models. Among WRA, the prevalence of underweight, overweight and anaemia was 13.38%, 40.94% and 39.99%, respectively. Women who consumed dark green leafy vegetables (DGLV) or eggs were less likely to be anaemic or underweight, respectively, and women who consumed ASFs, particularly fish, were less likely to be underweight compared with women who did not consume these foods. WDDS did not show any consistent relationship with WRA outcomes. Interventions that focus on promoting optimal nutritional status among WRA in Bangladesh should emphasise increasing consumption of specific nutrient-rich foods, including ASFs, DGLV and eggs, rather than solely focusing on improving diet diversity in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Andrews
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and PolicyTufts UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Robin Shrestha
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and PolicyTufts UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Shibani Ghosh
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and PolicyTufts UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Katherine Appel
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and PolicyTufts UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Sabi Gurung
- Helen Keller International BangladeshGulshanDhakaBangladesh
| | - Lynne M. Ausman
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and PolicyTufts UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Patrick Webb
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and PolicyTufts UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
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Nguyen VQ, Lam PV, Goto A, Nguyen TVT, Vuong TNT, Nguyen TM, Nguyen MH, Truong ATT, Tran TPT, Vo CD. Prevalence and Correlates of Zinc Deficiency Among Vietnamese Women of Reproductive Age in Ho Chi Minh City: A Single Hospital-Based Survey. Front Glob Womens Health 2021; 2:733191. [PMID: 34927136 PMCID: PMC8678106 DOI: 10.3389/fgwh.2021.733191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Zinc is a micronutrient that plays an important role in metabolism, cell growth regulation, and differentiation. Vietnam has many population groups living in poverty. The daily food of Vietnamese people is mainly rice, which contains very little zinc. This cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of, and factors related to, zinc deficiency in women of reproductive age. Methods and Study Design: The sample population was non-pregnant women of reproductive age (18–49 years old) who visited Nguyen Tri Phuong Hospital Gynecological Outpatient Clinic. The subjects were interviewed and data on background characteristics, anthropometric measurements, and blood tests (serum zinc concentration, complete blood count, albumin, and ferritin) were collected. Results: The prevalence of zinc deficiency, as defined by the International Zinc Nutrition Consultative Group (IZiNCG), was 85% [61/72; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 74–91%], and the prevalence of severe zinc deficiency was 37% (27/72; 95% CI = 26–50%). There were significant associations of albumin concentration, marital status, and past pregnancy history with severe zinc deficiency. Conclusions: More than three-fourths of Vietnamese women of reproductive age had zinc deficiency at our study site in Ho Chi Minh City. This health issue requires greater attention in order to swiftly promote preventive actions, and further surveillance to confirm our study findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinh Quang Nguyen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nguyen Tri Phuong Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Phong Van Lam
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Nguyen Tri Phuong Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Aya Goto
- Center for Integrated Science and Humanities, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tu Van T Nguyen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tan Tao University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Nhan T Vuong
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Nguyen Tri Phuong Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tien Minh Nguyen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nguyen Tri Phuong Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Minh Ha Nguyen
- Department of Laboratory, Nguyen Tri Phuong Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Anh Tuyet T Truong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nguyen Tri Phuong Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Truc Phuong T Tran
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nguyen Tri Phuong Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Chien Duc Vo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nguyen Tri Phuong Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Daba AK, Murimi M, Abegaz K, Hailu D. Determinants and constraints to household-level animal source food consumption in rural communities of Ethiopia. J Nutr Sci 2021; 10:e58. [PMID: 34422260 PMCID: PMC8358840 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2021.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal source foods (ASF) contain quality nutrients important for growth, development, immunity and behavioural outcomes. Plant-based foods also provide the nutrients, but with lower bioavailability than ASF. Evidence on household-level ASF consumption frequency, constraints and determinants are limited for Ethiopia. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the consumption frequency of ASF and to identify determinants and constraints among rural households in Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 422 households. The consumption frequency of ASF was assessed using a food frequency screener over 30 days. Twelve statements with Likert scale responses were used to identify constraints to ASF consumption. Ordinal logistic regression was used to identify determinants of ASF consumption. About a quarter (26 %) of the households consumed milk one to two times per week. One out of five households consumed eggs one to two times per week (20 %) or one to two times per month (19 %). Poultry and meat were never consumed by 92 and 60 % of the households, respectively. Unavailability, unaffordability, consumption tradition and income generation priority were constraints identified. Food insecurity, livestock ownership, income, family size and women's education were associated (P < 0⋅05) with selected ASF consumption. Rural households in Ethiopia did not consume ASF on regular basis. Poor socio-demographic and economic conditions as determined by food insecurity, property ownership, income, educational achievement, family size and ASF unavailability and unaffordability contributed to the lower consumption frequency of ASF by households in rural Ethiopia. Nutrition policies and programmes should focus on nutrition-sensitive agricultural extension, livelihood improvement and women empowerment interventions integrated with nutrition education to improve ASF consumption in rural settings.
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Key Words
- AOR, adjusted odds ratio
- ASF, animal source foods
- Animal source foods
- BMI, body mass index
- Constraints and determinants
- Consumption frequency
- ETB, Ethiopian Birr; ha, hectare
- Households in Ethiopia
- IQR, Inter-quartile Range
- SD, Standard Deviation
- USA, United States of America
- USAID, United States Agency for International Development
- USD, United States' Dollar
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Affiliation(s)
- Alemneh Kabeta Daba
- School of Nutrition, Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
- School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Mary Murimi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Kebede Abegaz
- School of Nutrition, Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Dejene Hailu
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
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Qorbani M, Mahdavi Gorabi A, Ejtahed HS, Namazi N, Khoramdad M, Heshmat R, Kazemian E, Kelishadi R. Percentile values for serum levels of vitamins A and D in Iranian children and adolescents: The CASPIAN-V study. Nutrition 2021; 90:111307. [PMID: 34116487 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The reference values to determine vitamin A and D deficiency may vary based on ethnicity, age, and region of residence. The aim of this study was to determine the reference interval of circulating vitamin A and D levels among Iranian children and adolescents based on sex, age, and region of residence. METHODS This nationwide cross-sectional study was performed with 2596 students 7 to 18 y of age from the CASPIAN-V (Childhood and Adolescence Surveillance and Prevention of Adult Non- communicable disease) study. A parametric method was used to define the age-specific reference values by obtaining smooth centile curves and explicit formulae for the centile estimates and SD scores for both sexes and regions of residence. RESULTS Significant differences were found between the residents of rural and urban regions in terms of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and retinol concentration (P < 0.05). Boys (27 ± 8 versus 26.04 ± 10, P = 0.009). Children ages 7 to 12 y had higher serum 25(OH)D concentration than 13- to 18-y-old adolescents (26.96 ± 8 versus 26.04 ± 10, P = 0.007). The estimated reference interval for circulating 25(OH)D levels corresponding to the range between the 5th and 95th percentiles were 11.45 to 48.40 ng/mL in boys and 9.51 to 47.69 ng/mL in girls. Estimated reference intervals for serum retinol concentration among boys and girls corresponding to the 5th and 95th percentiles were 0.58 to 3.38 and 0.58 to 4.52, respectively. There were significant variations in both retinol and 25(OH)D concentrations across different age groups. CONCLUSION This study established the reference intervals for circulating 25(OH)D and retinol levels in Iranian adolescents and children in different age groups based on sex and region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran; Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Armita Mahdavi Gorabi
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanieh-Sadat Ejtahed
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazli Namazi
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maliheh Khoramdad
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Heshmat
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Kazemian
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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EAT- Lancet diet score requires minimum intake values to predict higher micronutrient adequacy of diets in rural women of reproductive age from five low- and middle-income countries. Br J Nutr 2020; 126:92-100. [PMID: 32993824 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520003864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The EAT-Lancet Commission promulgated a universal reference diet. Subsequently, researchers constructed an EAT-Lancet diet score (0-14 points), with minimum intake values for various dietary components set at 0 g/d, and reported inverse associations with risks of major health outcomes in a high-income population. We assessed associations between EAT-Lancet diet scores, without or with lower bound values, and the mean probability of micronutrient adequacy (MPA) among nutrition-insecure women of reproductive age (WRA) from low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). We analysed single 24-h diet recall data (n 1950) from studies in rural DRC, Ecuador, Kenya, Sri Lanka and Vietnam. Associations between EAT-Lancet diet scores and MPA were assessed by fitting linear mixed-effects models. Mean EAT-Lancet diet scores were 8·8 (SD 1·3) and 1·9 (SD 1·1) without or with minimum intake values, respectively. Pooled MPA was 0·58 (SD 0·22) and energy intake was 10·5 (SD 4·6) MJ/d. A one-point increase in the EAT-Lancet diet score, without minimum intake values, was associated with a 2·6 (SD 0·7) percentage points decrease in MPA (P < 0·001). In contrast, the EAT-Lancet diet score, with minimum intake values, was associated with a 2·4 (SD 1·3) percentage points increase in MPA (P = 0·07). Further analysis indicated positive associations between EAT-Lancet diet scores and MPA adjusted for energy intake (P < 0·05). Our findings indicate that the EAT-Lancet diet score requires minimum intake values for nutrient-dense dietary components to avoid positively scoring non-consumption of food groups and subsequently predicting lower MPA of diets, when applied to rural WRA in LMIC.
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Raiten DJ, Allen LH, Slavin JL, Mitloehner FM, Thoma GJ, Haggerty PA, Finley JW. Understanding the Intersection of Climate/Environmental Change, Health, Agriculture, and Improved Nutrition: A Case Study on Micronutrient Nutrition and Animal Source Foods. Curr Dev Nutr 2020; 4:nzaa087. [PMID: 32617451 PMCID: PMC7319726 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzaa087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
With a growing global population, the demand for high-quality food to meet nutritional needs continues to increase. Our ability to meet those needs is challenged by a changing environment that includes constraints on land and water resources and growing concerns about the impact of human activity including agricultural practices on the changing climate. Adaptations that meet food/nutritional demands while avoiding unintended consequences including negatively affecting the environment are needed. This article covers a specific case study, the role of animal source foods (ASFs) in meeting micronutrient needs in a changing environment. The article covers our understanding of the role of ASFs in meeting micronutrient needs, evidence-based approaches to the development of nutrition guidance, the current issues associated with the relation between animal production practices and greenhouse gas emissions, and examples of how we might model the myriad sources of relevant data to better understand these complex interrelations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Raiten
- Pediatric Growth and Nutrition Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lindsay H Allen
- Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, USDA, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Joanne L Slavin
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | | | - Gregory J Thoma
- Ralph E Martin Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Patricia A Haggerty
- Office of the Director, Division of Extramural Activities, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John W Finley
- Agricultural Research Service National Program Staff, USDA, Beltsville, MD, USA
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Effect of maternal prenatal food supplementation, gestational weight gain, and breast-feeding on infant growth during the first 24 months of life in rural Vietnam. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233671. [PMID: 32584881 PMCID: PMC7316252 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth faltering among children during the first five years of life is a common problem among low and middle-income countries. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a nutrient-rich, food-based supplement given to Vietnamese rural women prior to and/or during pregnancy on the growth of their infants during first 24 months of life and to identify maternal and newborn factors associated with the infant’s growth. This prospective cohort study included 236 infants born to mothers who had received nutritional advice or a food supplement from pre-conception to term or from mid-gestation to term as part of a prior randomized controlled trial. Infant anthropometry and feeding information were monitored monthly and the infant weight for age Z-score (WAZ), length for age Z-score (LAZ), and weight for length Z-score (WLZ) were assessed at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months of age using mixed-effects regression modeling. Compared to the non-supplemented mothers, infants born to mothers receiving food supplementation from mid-gestation to term had significantly higher WLZ only at 18 months (p = 0.03) and did not differ in other outcomes. Supplementation from pre-conception to term did not affect infant growth at any time point during the first 24 months. In the entire study cohort, maternal height and gestational weight gain were positively associated with the infant’s WAZ and LAZ from 6 to 24 months of age. Programs designed to improve gestational weight gain among women performing demanding physical work throughout a reproductive cycle may improve postnatal infant growth. Trial registration: Registered Clinical Trials.Gov: NCT01235767.
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Nga HT, Quyen PN, Chaffee BW, Diep Anh NT, Ngu T, King JC. Effect of a nutrient-rich, food-based supplement given to rural Vietnamese mothers prior to and/or during pregnancy on birth outcomes: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232197. [PMID: 32469870 PMCID: PMC7259625 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Obtaining a nutrient-rich diet during pregnancy is a challenge for pregnant women living in low-income countries. This randomized, controlled trial was designed to determine if a freshly prepared food supplement from local animal-source foods and dark-green leafy vegetables given prior to and/or during pregnancy improved birth outcomes in rural Vietnamese women. Primiparous women, 18 to 30 years of age, who participated in the study were assigned to one of three groups: PC-T women received the supplement from pre-conception to term, MG-T women received the supplement from mid-gestation to term, and the RPC women received routine prenatal care. Supplement intake was observed and quantified. Infant anthropometry was measured at birth and/or within seven days of delivery. The effect of the intervention on maternal and birth outcomes was determined using linear regression modeling. Of the 460 women enrolled in the study, 317 women completed the study. Those not completing the study had either moved from the area, did not conceive within 12 months of study enrollment, or miscarried. The food-based supplement increased protein, iron, zinc, folate, vitamin A and B12 intakes in the PC-T and the MG-T groups. However, it failed to alter infant anthropometric measurements at birth. In the entire cohort, maternal gestational weight gain was greater in women with a low pre-pregnancy BMI (<18.5) and in women with a higher educational attainment. Working as a farmer reduced gestational weight gain but it did not affect birth weight or length. In summary, a nutrient-rich, food-based supplement given to rural Vietnamese women from pre-conception to term or mid-gestation to term did not affect maternal or infant outcomes. The low weight gains, possibly due to demanding farm work done throughout the reproductive cycle, may have obviated any effects of the low energy, nutrient-rich food supplement on birth outcomes. Trial registration : Registered Clinical Trials.gov: NCT01235767.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Benjamin W. Chaffee
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | | | - Tu Ngu
- National Institute of Nutrition, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Janet C. King
- Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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13
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Leroy F, Cofnas N. Should dietary guidelines recommend low red meat intake? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:2763-2772. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1657063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Leroy
- Research Group of Industrial Microbiology and Food Biotechnology (IMDO), Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels, B-1050, Belgium
| | - Nathan Cofnas
- Balliol College, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3BJ, UK
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14
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King JC. Maintaining Balance. Annu Rev Nutr 2019; 39:1-19. [PMID: 30986116 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-082018-124634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Writing this biography forced me to look back over my career as a scientist, teacher, wife, and mother. To my surprise, a lifelong theme emerged that I was unaware of, that is, the role of maintaining balance between work and family, science and teaching, mentorship and administration, and personal values and challenges. My primary mentor, Dr. Doris Calloway, demonstrated the importance of maintaining balance. My interest in nutrition started as a preschooler living on a farm where I learned firsthand the importance of balancing the expense of providing good nutrition to the livestock with potential income. In our small high school, I became acquainted with the fascinating field of chemistry, but found it critical to balance that interest with a politically correct field of study for a woman in the early 1960s. I chose dietetics for its strong roots in chemistry. As a US Army dietitian, I learned firsthand how to conduct metabolic studies and knew, immediately, that I had to balance that interest with future opportunities feasible for a dietitian. I chose the University of California, Berkeley, for my PhD because it needed to train dietitians in research to balance an emerging need to offer undergraduates a practicum in dietetics. My subsequent faculty appointment there enabled me to develop novel isotopic approaches for studying zinc and prenatal nutrition, and balance my research with teaching and administrative responsibilities. During the next 40 years, my work as a Berkeley professor led to appointments at the Western Human Nutrition Research Center and Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, while balancing my responsibilities as a wife and a mother to my two sons. Balance is defined as a condition in which different elements are equal or in the correct proportions. It is extremely satisfying to look back and see evidence of successfully balancing the disparate elements of my career.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet C King
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3104, USA.,Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland, California 94609, USA;
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Kubuga CK, Hong HG, Song WO. Hibiscus sabdariffa Meal Improves Iron Status of Childbearing Age Women and Prevents Stunting in Their Toddlers in Northern Ghana. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11010198. [PMID: 30669431 PMCID: PMC6357016 DOI: 10.3390/nu11010198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, iron deficiency (ID) is the most common form of nutritional deficiency, particularly in young children and childbearing age women. ID can lead to stunting and impaired cognitive development in children, as well as adverse maternal health and birth outcomes. In this study, the efficacy of an alternative food-to-food fortification utilizing indigenous iron-rich food sources was investigated in a quasi-experimental study. Childbearing age women (15–49 years, intervention-Kassena Nankana West district: n = 60; control-Builsa North district: n = 60) and their toddlers (6–24 months) consumed Hibiscus sabdariffa leaf meals (HSM, 1.71 mg Fe/100 g meal) three times a week for 12 weeks during the dry/lean season in Northern Ghana. We found that feeding the HSM (1.9 kg/day) improved iron status of women of childbearing age with time (p = 0.011), and protected stunting among toddlers during the dry/lean season (p = 0.024), which is the period with the worst food and nutrition insecurity. Compared with the control group, the number of stunted toddlers declined in the intervention group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hyokyoung Grace Hong
- Department of Statistics and Probability, Michigan State University, EL, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Won O Song
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, Michigan State University, EL, MI 48824, USA.
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Leroy F, Aymerich T, Champomier-Vergès MC, Cocolin L, De Vuyst L, Flores M, Leroi F, Leroy S, Talon R, Vogel RF, Zagorec M. Fermented meats (and the symptomatic case of the Flemish food pyramid): Are we heading towards the vilification of a valuable food group? Int J Food Microbiol 2018; 274:67-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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