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Gholamzad A, Khakpour N, Gholamzad M, Roudaki Sarvandani MR, Khosroshahi EM, Asadi S, Rashidi M, Hashemi M. Stem cell therapy for HTLV-1 induced adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL): A comprehensive review. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 255:155172. [PMID: 38340584 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is a rare and aggressive form of cancer associated with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection. The emerging field of stem cell therapies for ATLL is discussed, highlighting the potential of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and genetically modified stem cells. HSCT aims to eradicate malignant T-cells and restore a functional immune system through the infusion of healthy donor stem cells. Genetically modified stem cells show promise in enhancing their ability to target and eliminate ATLL cells. The article presents insights from preclinical studies and limited clinical trials, emphasizing the need for further research to establish the safety, efficacy, and long-term outcomes of stem cell therapies for ATLL and challenges associated with these innovative approaches are also explored. Overall, stem cell therapies hold significant potential in revolutionizing ATLL treatment, and ongoing clinical trials aim to determine their benefits in larger patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Gholamzad
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Khakpour
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Gholamzad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Islamic Azad University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Elaheh Mohandesi Khosroshahi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saba Asadi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rashidi
- The Health of Plant and Livestock Products Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Department Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Guarnera L, Jha BK. TET2 mutation as prototypic clonal hematopoiesis lesion. Semin Hematol 2024; 61:51-60. [PMID: 38431463 PMCID: PMC10978279 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2024.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Loss of function TET2 mutation (TET2MT) is one of the most frequently observed lesions in clonal hematopoiesis (CH). TET2 a member TET-dioxygenase family of enzymes that along with TET1 and TET3, progressively oxidize 5-methyl cytosine (mC) resulting in regulated demethylation of promoter, enhancer and silencer elements of the genome. This process is critical for efficient transcription that determine cell lineage fate, proliferation and survival and the maintenance of the genomic fidelity with aging of the organism. Partial or complete loss-of-function TET2 mutations create regional and contextual DNA hypermethylation leading to gene silencing or activation that result in skewed myeloid differentiation and clonal expansion. In addition to myeloid skewing, loss of TET2 creates differentiation block and provides proliferative advantage to hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). TET2MT is a prototypical lesion in CH, since the mutant clones dominate during stress hematopoiesis and often associates with evolution of myeloid malignancies. TET2MT clones has unique privilege to create and persist in pro-inflammatory milieu. Despite extensive knowledge regarding biochemical mechanisms underlying distorted myeloid differentiation, and enhanced self-replication of TET2MT HSPC, the mechanistic link of various pathogenesis associated with TET2 loss in CHIP is less understood. Here we review the recent development in TET2 biology and its probable mechanistic link in CH with aging and inflammation. We also explored the therapeutic strategies of targeting TET2MT associated CHIP and the utility of targeting TET2 in normal hematopoiesis and somatic cell reprograming. We explore the biochemical mechanisms and candidate therapies that emerged in last decade of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Guarnera
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Molecular Medicine and Applied Biotechnology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; Department of Translational Haematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Babal K Jha
- Department of Translational Haematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Center for Immunotherapy and Precision Immuno-Oncology (CITI), Lerner Research Institute (LRI) Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH.
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3
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Tigu AB, Bancos A. The Role of Epigenetic Modifier Mutations in Peripheral T-Cell Lymphomas. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:8974-8988. [PMID: 37998740 PMCID: PMC10670124 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45110563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) are a group of diseases with a low incidence, high degree of heterogeneity, and a dismal prognosis in most cases. Because of the low incidence of these diseases, there have been few therapeutic novelties developed over time. Nevertheless, this fact is changing presently as epigenetic modifiers have been shown to be recurrently mutated in some types of PTCLs, especially in the cases of PTCLs not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS), T follicular helper (TFH), and angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL). These have brought about more insight into PTCL biology, especially in the case of PTCLs arising from TFH lymphocytes. From a biological perspective, it has been observed that ten-eleven translocators (TET2) mutated T lymphocytes tend to polarize to TFH, while Tregs lose their inhibitory properties. IDH2 R172 was shown to have inhibitory effects on TET2, mimicking the effects of TET2 mutations, as well as having effects on histone methylation. DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) loss-of-function, although it was shown to have opposite effects to TET2 from an inflammatory perspective, was also shown to increase the number of T lymphocyte progenitors. Aside from bringing about more knowledge of PTCL biology, these mutations were shown to increase the sensitivity of PTCLs to certain epigenetic therapies, like hypomethylating agents (HMAs) and histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis). Thus, to answer the question from the title of this review: We found the Achilles heel, but only for one of the Achilles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian-Bogdan Tigu
- Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Ilfov 3, 050044 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anamaria Bancos
- Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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4
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Carty SA. Biological insights into the role of TET2 in T cell lymphomas. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1199108. [PMID: 37841428 PMCID: PMC10570544 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1199108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral T cell lymphomas (PTCL) are a heterogenous group of mature T cell lymphomas with an overall poor prognosis. Understanding the molecular heterogeneity in PTCL subtypes may lead to improved understanding of the underlying biological mechanisms driving these diseases. Mutations in the epigenetic regulator TET2 are among the most frequent mutations identified in PTCL, with the highest frequency in angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphomas and other nodal T follicular helper (TFH) lymphomas. This review dissects the role of TET2 in nodal TFH cell lymphomas with a focus on emerging biological insights into the molecular mechanism promoting lymphomagenesis and the potential for epigenetic therapies to improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon A. Carty
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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5
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Epigenetic regulation in hematopoiesis and its implications in the targeted therapy of hematologic malignancies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:71. [PMID: 36797244 PMCID: PMC9935927 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01342-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematologic malignancies are one of the most common cancers, and the incidence has been rising in recent decades. The clinical and molecular features of hematologic malignancies are highly heterogenous, and some hematologic malignancies are incurable, challenging the treatment, and prognosis of the patients. However, hematopoiesis and oncogenesis of hematologic malignancies are profoundly affected by epigenetic regulation. Studies have found that methylation-related mutations, abnormal methylation profiles of DNA, and abnormal histone deacetylase expression are recurrent in leukemia and lymphoma. Furthermore, the hypomethylating agents and histone deacetylase inhibitors are effective to treat acute myeloid leukemia and T-cell lymphomas, indicating that epigenetic regulation is indispensable to hematologic oncogenesis. Epigenetic regulation mainly includes DNA modifications, histone modifications, and noncoding RNA-mediated targeting, and regulates various DNA-based processes. This review presents the role of writers, readers, and erasers of DNA methylation and histone methylation, and acetylation in hematologic malignancies. In addition, this review provides the influence of microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs on hematologic malignancies. Furthermore, the implication of epigenetic regulation in targeted treatment is discussed. This review comprehensively presents the change and function of each epigenetic regulator in normal and oncogenic hematopoiesis and provides innovative epigenetic-targeted treatment in clinical practice.
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Hergott CB, Kim AS. Molecular Diagnostic Testing for Hematopoietic Neoplasms: Linking Pathogenic Drivers to Personalized Diagnosis. Clin Lab Med 2022; 42:325-347. [PMID: 36150815 DOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Molecular diagnostics inhabit an increasingly central role in characterizing hematopoietic malignancies. This brief review summarizes the genomic targets important for many major categories of hematopoietic neoplasia by focusing on disease pathogenesis. In myeloid disease, recurrent mutations in key functional classes drive clonal hematopoiesis, on which additional variants can specify clinical presentation and accelerate progression. Lymphoblastic leukemias are frequently initiated by oncogenic fusions that block lymphoid maturation while, in concert with additional mutations, driving proliferation. The links between genetic aberrations and lymphoma patient outcomes have been clarified substantially through the clustering of genomic profiles. Finally, the addition of next-generation sequencing strategies to cytogenetics is refining risk stratification for plasma cell myeloma. In all categories, molecular diagnostics shed light on the unique mechanistic underpinnings of each individual malignancy, thereby empowering more rational, personalized care for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B Hergott
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Annette S Kim
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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7
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Tan J, Chow YP, Zainul Abidin N, Chang KM, Selvaratnam V, Tumian NR, Poh YM, Veerakumarasivam A, Laffan MA, Wong CL. Analysis of genetic variants in myeloproliferative neoplasms using a 22-gene next-generation sequencing panel. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:10. [PMID: 35033063 PMCID: PMC8760696 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-021-01145-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Philadelphia (Ph)-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), namely essential thrombocythaemia (ET), polycythaemia vera (PV) and primary myelofibrosis (PMF), are a group of chronic clonal haematopoietic disorders that have the propensity to advance into bone marrow failure or acute myeloid leukaemia; often resulting in fatality. Although driver mutations have been identified in these MPNs, subtype-specific markers of the disease have yet to be discovered. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology can potentially improve the clinical management of MPNs by allowing for the simultaneous screening of many disease-associated genes. Methods The performance of a custom, in-house designed 22-gene NGS panel was technically validated using reference standards across two independent replicate runs. The panel was subsequently used to screen a total of 10 clinical MPN samples (ET n = 3, PV n = 3, PMF n = 4). The resulting NGS data was then analysed via a bioinformatics pipeline. Results The custom NGS panel had a detection limit of 1% variant allele frequency (VAF). A total of 20 unique variants with VAFs above 5% (4 of which were putatively novel variants with potential biological significance) and one pathogenic variant with a VAF of between 1 and 5% were identified across all of the clinical MPN samples. All single nucleotide variants with VAFs ≥ 15% were confirmed via Sanger sequencing. Conclusions The high fidelity of the NGS analysis and the identification of known and novel variants in this study cohort support its potential clinical utility in the management of MPNs. However, further optimisation is needed to avoid false negatives in regions with low sequencing coverage, especially for the detection of driver mutations in MPL. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12920-021-01145-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaymi Tan
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yock Ping Chow
- Clinical Research Centre, Sunway Medical Centre, Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Norziha Zainul Abidin
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Sunway Medical Centre, Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Kian Meng Chang
- Haematology Unit, Department of Medicine, Sunway Medical Centre, Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | | | - Nor Rafeah Tumian
- Haematology Unit, Department of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yang Ming Poh
- School of Data Sciences, Perdana University, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abhi Veerakumarasivam
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Michael Arthur Laffan
- Centre for Haematology, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.,Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Chieh Lee Wong
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia. .,Clinical Research Centre, Sunway Medical Centre, Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. .,Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Sunway Medical Centre, Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. .,Haematology Unit, Department of Medicine, Sunway Medical Centre, Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. .,Centre for Haematology, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK. .,Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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8
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Mitchell SR, Gopakumar J, Jaiswal S. Insights into clonal hematopoiesis and its relation to cancer risk. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2021; 66:63-69. [PMID: 33422951 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In the multi-hit model of carcinogenesis, a precancerous state often precedes overt malignancy. Identification of these states has been of great interest as they allow for early identification of at-risk individuals before the appearance of a future cancer. One such condition has recently been described for blood cancers: Clonal Hematopoiesis of Indeterminate Potential (CHIP). Recent research advances have elucidated the risk of progression of CHIP to myeloid malignancies, its potential as a precursor for non-myeloid blood cancers, and its association with non-hematological cancers. Understanding the evolution of CHIP to hematological malignancy may help identify CHIP carriers at high risk of transformation and lead to the development of targeted therapies that can be deployed preemptively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaneice R Mitchell
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, United States
| | - Jayakrishnan Gopakumar
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, United States
| | - Siddhartha Jaiswal
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, United States; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, United States.
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9
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Prasad R, Yen TJ, Bellacosa A. Active DNA demethylation-The epigenetic gatekeeper of development, immunity, and cancer. ADVANCED GENETICS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2020; 2:e10033. [PMID: 36618446 PMCID: PMC9744510 DOI: 10.1002/ggn2.10033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation is a critical process in the regulation of gene expression with dramatic effects in development and continually expanding roles in oncogenesis. 5-Methylcytosine was once considered to be an inherited and stably repressive epigenetic mark, which can be only removed by passive dilution during multiple rounds of DNA replication. However, in the past two decades, physiologically controlled DNA demethylation and deamination processes have been identified, thereby revealing the function of cytosine methylation as a highly regulated and complex state-not simply a static, inherited signature or binary on-off switch. Alongside these fundamental discoveries, clinical studies over the past decade have revealed the dramatic consequences of aberrant DNA demethylation. In this review we discuss DNA demethylation and deamination in the context of 5-methylcytosine as critical processes for physiological and physiopathological transitions within three states-development, immune maturation, and oncogenic transformation; and we describe the expanding role of DNA demethylating drugs as therapeutic agents in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Prasad
- Cancer Epigenetics and Cancer Biology Programs, Fox Chase Cancer CenterPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Timothy J. Yen
- Cancer Epigenetics and Cancer Biology Programs, Fox Chase Cancer CenterPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Alfonso Bellacosa
- Cancer Epigenetics and Cancer Biology Programs, Fox Chase Cancer CenterPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
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10
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Stremenova Spegarova J, Lawless D, Mohamad SMB, Engelhardt KR, Doody G, Shrimpton J, Rensing-Ehl A, Ehl S, Rieux-Laucat F, Cargo C, Griffin H, Mikulasova A, Acres M, Morgan NV, Poulter JA, Sheridan EG, Chetcuti P, O'Riordan S, Anwar R, Carter CR, Przyborski S, Windebank K, Cant AJ, Lako M, Bacon CM, Savic S, Hambleton S. Germline TET2 loss of function causes childhood immunodeficiency and lymphoma. Blood 2020; 136:1055-1066. [PMID: 32518946 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020005844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular dissection of inborn errors of immunity can help to elucidate the nonredundant functions of individual genes. We studied 3 children with an immune dysregulation syndrome of susceptibility to infection, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, developmental delay, autoimmunity, and lymphoma of B-cell (n = 2) or T-cell (n = 1) origin. All 3 showed early autologous T-cell reconstitution following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. By whole-exome sequencing, we identified rare homozygous germline missense or nonsense variants in a known epigenetic regulator of gene expression: ten-eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 (TET2). Mutated TET2 protein was absent or enzymatically defective for 5-hydroxymethylating activity, resulting in whole-blood DNA hypermethylation. Circulating T cells showed an abnormal immunophenotype including expanded double-negative, but depleted follicular helper, T-cell compartments and impaired Fas-dependent apoptosis in 2 of 3 patients. Moreover, TET2-deficient B cells showed defective class-switch recombination. The hematopoietic potential of patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells was skewed toward the myeloid lineage. These are the first reported cases of autosomal-recessive germline TET2 deficiency in humans, causing clinically significant immunodeficiency and an autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome with marked predisposition to lymphoma. This disease phenotype demonstrates the broad role of TET2 within the human immune system.
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MESH Headings
- Allografts
- Apoptosis
- B-Lymphocyte Subsets/pathology
- Cellular Reprogramming Techniques
- Codon, Nonsense
- DNA Methylation
- DNA-Binding Proteins/deficiency
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/physiology
- Dioxygenases
- Fatal Outcome
- Female
- Germ-Line Mutation
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
- Humans
- Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/pathology
- Infant, Newborn
- Loss of Function Mutation
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral/genetics
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral/pathology
- Lymphoproliferative Disorders/genetics
- Male
- Mutation, Missense
- Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/genetics
- Pedigree
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/deficiency
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/physiology
- Severe Combined Immunodeficiency/genetics
- Severe Combined Immunodeficiency/pathology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/pathology
- Exome Sequencing
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarmila Stremenova Spegarova
- Primary Immunodeficiency Group, Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Dylan Lawless
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St. James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Siti Mardhiana Binti Mohamad
- Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Karin R Engelhardt
- Primary Immunodeficiency Group, Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Gina Doody
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St. James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Shrimpton
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St. James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Rensing-Ehl
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Ehl
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Catherine Cargo
- Haematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Griffin
- Primary Immunodeficiency Group, Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Aneta Mikulasova
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Meghan Acres
- Primary Immunodeficiency Group, Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Neil V Morgan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - James A Poulter
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St. James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Eamonn G Sheridan
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St. James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Chetcuti
- Department of Paediatrics, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Sean O'Riordan
- Department of Paediatrics, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Rashida Anwar
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St. James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Clive R Carter
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Przyborski
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Windebank
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Cant
- Primary Immunodeficiency Group, Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Great North Children's Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Majlinda Lako
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Chris M Bacon
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and
| | - Sinisa Savic
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
- NIHR, Leeds Biomedical Research Centre and Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Hambleton
- Primary Immunodeficiency Group, Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Great North Children's Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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11
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Wang F, Zhang J, Qi J. Ten-eleven translocation-2 affects the fate of cells and has therapeutic potential in digestive tumors. Chronic Dis Transl Med 2020; 5:267-272. [PMID: 32055786 PMCID: PMC7004935 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdtm.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ten-eleven translocation (TET) methylcytosine dioxygenases catalyze the oxidative reactions of 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5-fC), and 5-carboxylcytosine (5-caC), which are intermediate steps during DNA demethylation. It is reported that somatic mutations of TET2 gene are identified in a variety of human tumors, especially in hematological malignancies. The tendency and mechanism of cellular differentiation in different systems are affected by TET2 via regulation of associated gene expression or maintenance of demethylated state. TET2 acts as a critical driver of tumorigenesis through the conversion of 5-mC to 5-hmC and successive oxidation products. Sometimes, it requires special interactions and cofactors. Here, we reviewed recent advances in understanding the function of TET2 proteins in regulating cell differentiation, and its role in various tumors focusing on several digestive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Jian Qi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
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12
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Fu WJ, Du J, Lu J, Wang LZ, Yang JM, He MX, Hu XX. [Rosai-Dorfman disease: a clinicopathologic analysis and whole exome sequencing in 23 cases]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2019; 40:656-661. [PMID: 31495132 PMCID: PMC7342879 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
目的 分析Rosai-Dorfman disease(RDD)的临床病理特征,利用全基因组外显子测序探讨RDD的发病机制。 方法 回顾性分析第二军医大学附属长海医院、长征医院2010年1月至2018年7月收治的23例RDD患者临床病理资料,并对9例患者石蜡包埋组织标本进行了全基因组外显子测序。 结果 23例RDD患者中位年龄47(10~79)岁,19例为结外型,3例为淋巴结型,1例为混合型。所有患者均接受了手术切除病灶,19例患者中位随访24(1~67)个月,均无复发。病理形态主要表现为淋巴结窦内或结外组织中组织细胞增生伴有噬淋巴细胞现象,免疫组化示组织细胞表达S100、CD68、CD163,不表达CD1a。全基因组外显子测序发现mTOR、KMT2D和NOTCH1基因突变。 结论 mTOR、KMT2D和NOTCH1基因突变可能参与了RDD的发病机制,其临床意义仍需要进一步研究。
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Fu
- Department of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, the Second Military Medical University; Institute of Hematologic Disease of Chinese PLA, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - J Du
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology, Changzheng Hospital, Shangai 200003, China
| | - J Lu
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology, Changzheng Hospital, Shangai 200003, China
| | - L Z Wang
- Department of Pathology, Changhai Hospital, Shangai 200433, China
| | - J M Yang
- Department of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, the Second Military Medical University; Institute of Hematologic Disease of Chinese PLA, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - M X He
- Department of Pathology, Changzheng Hospital, Shangai 200003, China
| | - X X Hu
- Department of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, the Second Military Medical University; Institute of Hematologic Disease of Chinese PLA, Shanghai 200433, China
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Taheri F, Goudarzi H, Faghihloo E. Aneuploidy and oncoviruses. Rev Med Virol 2019; 29:e2076. [PMID: 31407416 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Seven oncogenic viruses are known for tumorigenesis and contribute to 12% of all human cancers. The oncogenic factors, the target tissue, and pathology of cancer vary among these viruses with several mechanisms proposed for the initiation and development of cancer. Aneuploidy in cells is associated with anomalies in chromosome number that can be a hallmark of cancer, a disease defined by expanded proliferative potential. In this review, we summarize the different mechanisms of aneuploidy and furthermore discuss recent findings of the role of viral oncoproteins in inducing cellular aneuploidy that might facilitate tumorigenesis. Improved understanding of viral oncogenesis may help to find new strategies for controlling virus-associated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Taheri
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Goudarzi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Faghihloo
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Cakouros D, Hemming S, Gronthos K, Liu R, Zannettino A, Shi S, Gronthos S. Specific functions of TET1 and TET2 in regulating mesenchymal cell lineage determination. Epigenetics Chromatin 2019; 12:3. [PMID: 30606231 PMCID: PMC6317244 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-018-0247-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The 5 hydroxymethylation (5hmC) mark and TET DNA dioxygenases play a pivotal role in embryonic stem cell differentiation and animal development. However, very little is known about TET enzymes in lineage determination of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BMSC). We examined the function of all three TET DNA dioxygenases, responsible for DNA hydroxymethylation, in human BMSC cell osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. Results We used siRNA knockdown and retroviral mediated enforced expression of TET molecules and discovered TET1 to be a repressor of both osteogenesis and adipogenesis. TET1 was found to recruit the co-repressor proteins, SIN3A and the histone lysine methyltransferase, EZH2 to osteogenic genes. Conversely, TET2 was found to be a promoter of both osteogenesis and adipogenesis. The data showed that TET2 was directly responsible for 5hmC levels on osteogenic and adipogenic lineage-associated genes, whereas TET1 also played a role in this process. Interestingly, TET3 showed no functional effect in BMSC osteo-/adipogenic differentiation. Finally, in a mouse model of ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis, the numbers of clonogenic BMSC were dramatically diminished corresponding to lower trabecular bone volume and reduced levels of TET1, TET2 and 5hmC. Conclusion The present study has discovered an epigenetic mechanism mediated through changes in DNA hydroxymethylation status regulating the activation of key genes involved in the lineage determination of skeletal stem cells, which may have implications in BMSC function during normal bone regulation. Targeting TET molecules or their downstream targets may offer new therapeutic strategies to help prevent bone loss and repair following trauma or disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13072-018-0247-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Cakouros
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.,South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Sarah Hemming
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.,South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Kahlia Gronthos
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.,South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Renjing Liu
- Agnes Ginges Laboratory for Diseases of the Aorta, Centenary Institute for Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2042, Australia
| | - Andrew Zannettino
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.,Multiple Myeloma Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Songtao Shi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Stan Gronthos
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia. .,South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
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Overlap at the molecular and immunohistochemical levels between angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma and a subgroup of peripheral T-cell lymphomas without specific morphological features. Oncotarget 2018; 9:16124-16133. [PMID: 29662631 PMCID: PMC5882322 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The overlap of morphology and immunophenotype between angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) and other nodal peripheral T-cell lymphomas (n-PTCLs) is a matter of current interest whose clinical relevance and pathogenic background have not been fully established. We studied a series of 98 n-PTCL samples (comprising 57 AITL and 41 PTCL-NOS) with five TFH antibodies (CD10, BCL-6, PD-1, CXCL13, ICOS), looked for mutations in five of the genes most frequently mutated in AITL (TET2, DNMT3A, IDH2, RHOA and PLCG1) using the Next-Generation-Sequencing Ion Torrent platform, and measured the correlations of these characteristics with morphology and clinical features. The percentage of mutations in the RHOA and TET2 genes was similar (23.5% of cases). PLCG1 was mutated in 14.3%, IDH2 in 11.2% and DNMT3A in 7.1% of cases, respectively. In the complete series, mutations in RHOA gene were associated with the presence of mutations in IDH2, TET2 and DNMT3A (p < 0.001, p = 0.043, and p = 0.029, respectively). Fourteen cases featured RHOA mutations without TET2 mutations. A close relationship was found between the presence of these mutations and a TFH-phenotype in AITL and PTCL-NOS patients. Interestingly, BCL-6 expression was the only TFH marker differentially expressed between AITL and PTCL-NOS cases. There were many fewer mutated cases than there were cases with a TFH phenotype. Overall, these data suggest alternative ways by which neoplastic T-cells overexpress these proteins. On the other hand, no clinical or survival differences were found between any of the recognized subgroups of patients with respect to their immunohistochemistry or mutational profile.
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Mutations in TET2 and DNMT3A genes are associated with changes in global and gene-specific methylation in acute myeloid leukemia. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317732181. [DOI: 10.1177/1010428317732181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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17
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Kubuki Y, Yamaji T, Hidaka T, Kameda T, Shide K, Sekine M, Kamiunten A, Akizuki K, Shimoda H, Tahira Y, Nakamura K, Abe H, Miike T, Iwakiri H, Tahara Y, Sueta M, Yamamoto S, Hasuike S, Nagata K, Kitanaka A, Shimoda K. TET2 mutation in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. J Clin Exp Hematop 2017; 56:145-149. [PMID: 28331128 DOI: 10.3960/jslrt.56.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Ten-eleven translocation-2 (TET2) mutation is frequently observed in myeloid malignancies, and loss-of-function of TET2 is essential for the initiation of malignant hematopoiesis. TET2 mutation presents across disease entities and was reported in lymphoid malignancies. We investigated TET2 mutations in 27 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients and found a frameshift mutation in 1 case (3.7%). TET2 mutation occurred in some populations of DLBCL patients and was likely involved in the pathogenesis of their malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Kubuki
- Department of Transfusion and Cell Therapy, University of Miyazaki Hospital
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Adult T cell leukemia aggressivenness correlates with loss of both 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and TET2 expression. Oncotarget 2016; 8:52256-52268. [PMID: 28881727 PMCID: PMC5581026 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in TET2, encoding one of the TET members responsible for the conversion of DNA cytosine methylation to hydroxymethylation (5-hmc), have been recently described in Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1-associated adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL). However, neither the amount of genomic 5-hmc in ATLL tumor cells nor TET2 expression has been studied yet. In this study, we analyzed these two parameters as well as the mutational status of TET2 in ATLL patients. By employing a direct in situ approach, we documented that tumor T cells infiltrating lymph nodes exhibit low level of 5-hmc compared to residual normal T cells. Furthermore, this 5-hmc defect was more pronounced in tumor T cells from acute patients than from chronic ones and correlated with reduced expression of TET2 protein. TET2 variations were found in 14 patients (20%), including 13 with aggressive forms. Strikingly, 9 of the 14 patients showed the same variation (SNP rs72963007), whose frequency in ATLL patients was significantly higher than that of an ethnically matched control population (13% vs. 5%). However, no reduction of 5-hmc was found in PBMC from individuals possessing the variant rs72963007 TET2 allele, as compared to wild-type individuals. In contrast, a robust correlation was observed between 5-hmc and the levels of TET2 mRNA. Finally, loss of 5-hmc and TET2 downregulation both correlated with poor survival. These findings demonstrate that ATLL progression coincides with loss of genomic 5-hmc and indicate that downregulation of TET2, rather than TET2 mutations, is the key mechanism involved in 5-hmc modulation during ATLL progression.
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