1
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Cox KE, Turner MA, Lwin TM, Amirfakhri S, Kelly KJ, Hosseini M, Ghosh P, Obonyo M, Hoffman RM, Yazaki PJ, Bouvet M. Targeting Patient-Derived Orthotopic Gastric Cancers with a Fluorescent Humanized Anti-CEA Antibody. Ann Surg Oncol 2024; 31:6291-6299. [PMID: 38888861 PMCID: PMC11300635 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-024-15570-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer poses a major diagnostic and therapeutic challenge as surgical resection provides the only opportunity for a cure. Specific labeling of gastric cancer could distinguish resectable and nonresectable disease and facilitate an R0 resection, which could improve survival. METHODS Two patient-derived gastric cancer lines, KG8 and KG10, were established from surgical specimens of two patients who underwent gastrectomy for gastric adenocarcinoma. Harvested tumor fragments were implanted into the greater curvature of the stomach to establish patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) models. M5A (humanized anti-CEA antibody) or IgG control antibodies were conjugated with the near-infrared dye IRDye800CW. Mice received 50 µg of M5A-IR800 or 50 µg of IgG-IR800 intravenously and were imaged after 72 hr. Fluorescence imaging was performed by using the LI-COR Pearl Imaging System. A tumor-to-background ratio (TBR) was calculated by dividing the mean fluorescence intensity of the tumor versus adjacent stomach tissue. RESULTS M5A-IR800 administration resulted in bright labeling of both KG8 and K10 tumors. In the KG8 PDOX models, the TBR for M5A-IR800 was 5.85 (SE ± 1.64) compared with IgG-IR800 at 0.70 (SE ± 0.17). The K10 PDOX models had a TBR of 3.71 (SE ± 0.73) for M5A-IR800 compared with 0.66 (SE ± 0.12) for IgG-IR800. CONCLUSIONS Humanized anti-CEA (M5A) antibodies conjugated to fluorescent dyes provide bright and specific labeling of gastric cancer PDOX models. This tumor-specific fluorescent antibody is a promising potential clinical tool to detect the extent of disease for the determination of resectability as well as to visualize tumor margins during gastric cancer resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin E Cox
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Michael A Turner
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Thinzar M Lwin
- Department of Surgical Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Siamak Amirfakhri
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kaitlyn J Kelly
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mojgan Hosseini
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pradipta Ghosh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Marygorret Obonyo
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Paul J Yazaki
- Department of Immunology & Theranostics, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Michael Bouvet
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.
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2
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Kong S, Liu Q, Chen Y, Liang B, Zhou Y, Lin J, Xie M, Qiu L. Multifunctional Probe Based on "Chemical Antibody-Aptamer" for Noninvasive Detection of PD-L1 Expression in Cancer. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:255-266. [PMID: 38093483 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2024]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) therapy based on programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) has shown significant development in treating several carcinomas, but not all patients respond to this therapy due to the heterogeneity of PD-L1 expression. The sensitive and accurate quantitative analysis of in vivo PD-L1 expression is critical for treatment decisions and monitoring therapy. In the present study, an aptamer-based dual-modality positron emission tomography/near-infrared fluorescence (PET/NIRF) imaging probe was developed, and its specificity and sensitivity to PD-L1 were assessed in vitro and in vivo. The probe precursor NOTA-Cy5-R1 was prepared by using automated solid-phase oligonucleotide synthesis. PET/NIRF dual-modality probe [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-Cy5-R1 was successfully synthesized and radiolabeled. The binding specificity of [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-Cy5-R1 to PD-L1 was evaluated by flow cytometry, fluorescence imaging, and cellular uptake in A375-hPD-L1 and A375 cells, and it showed good fluorescence properties and stability in vitro. In vivo PET/NIRF imaging studies illustrated that [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-Cy5-R1 can sensitively and specifically bind to PD-L1 positive tumors. Meanwhile, the rapid clearance of probes from nontarget tissues achieved a high signal-to-noise ratio. In addition, changes of PD-L1 expression in NCI-H1299 xenografts treated with cisplatin (CDDP) were sensitivity monitored by [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-Cy5-R1 PET imaging, and ex vivo autoradiography and western blot analyses correlated well with the change of PD-L1 expression in vivo. Overall, [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-Cy5-R1 showed notable potency as a dual-modality PET/NIRF imaging probe for visualizing tumors and monitoring the dynamic changes of PD-L1 expression, which can help to direct and promote the clinical practice of ICIs therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudong Kong
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, PR China
| | - Qingzhu Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, PR China
| | - Yinfei Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, PR China
| | - Beibei Liang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, PR China
| | - Yuxuan Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, PR China
| | - Jianguo Lin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, PR China
| | - Minhao Xie
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, PR China
| | - Ling Qiu
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, PR China
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3
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Pflug KM, Lee DW, Tripathi A, Bankaitis VA, Burgess K, Sitcheran R. Cyanine Dye Conjugation Enhances Crizotinib Localization to Intracranial Tumors, Attenuating NF-κB-Inducing Kinase Activity and Glioma Progression. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:6140-6150. [PMID: 37939020 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive form of brain cancer with a poor prognosis and limited treatment options. The ALK and c-MET inhibitor Crizotinib has demonstrated preclinical therapeutic potential for newly diagnosed GBM, although its efficacy is limited by poor penetration of the blood brain barrier. Here, we identify Crizotinib as a novel inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-inducing kinase, which is a key regulator of GBM growth and proliferation. We further show that the conjugation of Crizotinib to a heptamethine cyanine dye, or a near-infrared dye (IR-Crizotinib), attenuated glioma cell proliferation and survival in vitro to a greater extent than unconjugated Crizotinib. Moreover, we observed increased IR-Crizotinib localization to orthotopic mouse xenograft GBM tumors, which resulted in impaired tumor growth in vivo. Overall, IR-Crizotinib exhibited improved intracranial chemotherapeutic delivery and tumor localization with concurrent inhibition of NIK and noncanonical NF-κB signaling, thereby reducing glioma growth in vitro, as well as in vivo, and increasing survival in a preclinical rodent model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Pflug
- Department of Cellular Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M University Health Science Center , College Station, Texas 77807, United States
| | - Dong W Lee
- Department of Cellular Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M University Health Science Center , College Station, Texas 77807, United States
| | - Ashutosh Tripathi
- Department of Cellular Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M University Health Science Center , College Station, Texas 77807, United States
| | - Vytas A Bankaitis
- Department of Cellular Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M University Health Science Center , College Station, Texas 77807, United States
| | - Kevin Burgess
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Raquel Sitcheran
- Department of Cellular Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M University Health Science Center , College Station, Texas 77807, United States
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4
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Maschio R, Buonsanti F, Crivellin F, Ferretti F, Lattuada L, Maisano F, Orio L, Pizzuto L, Campanella R, Clouet A, Cavallotti C, Giovenzana GB. Improved synthesis of DA364, an NIR fluorescence RGD probe targeting α vβ 3 integrin. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:8584-8592. [PMID: 37855098 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01206a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Optical imaging (OI) is gaining increasing attention in medicine as a non-invasive diagnostic imaging technology and as a useful tool for image-guided surgery. OI exploits the light emitted in the near-infrared region by fluorescent molecules able to penetrate living tissues. Cyanines are an important class of fluorescent molecules and by their conjugation to peptides it is possible to achieve optical imaging of tumours by selective targeting. We report here the improvements obtained in the synthesis of DA364, a small fluorescent probe (1.5 kDa) prepared by conjugation of pentamethine cyanine Cy5.5 to an RGD peptidomimetic, which can target tumour cells overexpressing integrin αvβ3 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachele Maschio
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2/3, 28100 Novara, Italy.
| | - Federica Buonsanti
- Bracco Imaging Spa, Bracco Research Centre, Via Ribes 5, 10010 Colleretto Giacosa, TO, Italy.
| | - Federico Crivellin
- Bracco Imaging Spa, Bracco Research Centre, Via Ribes 5, 10010 Colleretto Giacosa, TO, Italy.
| | - Fulvio Ferretti
- Bracco Imaging Spa, Bracco Research Centre, Via Ribes 5, 10010 Colleretto Giacosa, TO, Italy.
| | - Luciano Lattuada
- Bracco Imaging Spa, Bracco Research Centre, Via Ribes 5, 10010 Colleretto Giacosa, TO, Italy.
| | - Federico Maisano
- Bracco Imaging Spa, Bracco Research Centre, Via Ribes 5, 10010 Colleretto Giacosa, TO, Italy.
| | - Laura Orio
- Bracco Imaging Spa, Bracco Research Centre, Via Ribes 5, 10010 Colleretto Giacosa, TO, Italy.
| | - Lorena Pizzuto
- Bracco Imaging Spa, Bracco Research Centre, Via Ribes 5, 10010 Colleretto Giacosa, TO, Italy.
| | - Raphael Campanella
- Bracco Suisse SA, Route de la Galaise 31, 1228 Plan le Ouates, Switzerland
| | - Anthony Clouet
- Bracco Suisse SA, Route de la Galaise 31, 1228 Plan le Ouates, Switzerland
| | | | - Giovanni B Giovenzana
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2/3, 28100 Novara, Italy.
- CAGE Chemicals Srl, Via Bovio 6, 28100 Novara, Italy
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5
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Rainu SK, Ramachandran RG, Parameswaran S, Krishnakumar S, Singh N. Advancements in Intraoperative Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging for Accurate Tumor Resection: A Promising Technique for Improved Surgical Outcomes and Patient Survival. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:5504-5526. [PMID: 37661342 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Clear surgical margins for solid tumor resection are essential for preventing cancer recurrence and improving overall patient survival. Complete resection of tumors is often limited by a surgeon's ability to accurately locate malignant tissues and differentiate them from healthy tissue. Therefore, techniques or imaging modalities are required that would ease the identification and resection of tumors by real-time intraoperative visualization of tumors. Although conventional imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or radiography play an essential role in preoperative diagnostics, these cannot be utilized in intraoperative tumor detection due to their large size, high cost, long imaging time, and lack of cancer specificity. The inception of several imaging techniques has paved the way to intraoperative tumor margin detection with a high degree of sensitivity and specificity. Particularly, molecular imaging using near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) based nanoprobes provides superior imaging quality due to high signal-to-noise ratio, deep penetration to tissues, and low autofluorescence, enabling accurate tumor resection and improved survival rates. In this review, we discuss the recent developments in imaging technologies, specifically focusing on NIRF nanoprobes that aid in highly specific intraoperative surgeries with real-time recognition of tumor margins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simran Kaur Rainu
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Remya Girija Ramachandran
- L&T Ocular Pathology Department, Vision Research Foundation, Kamalnayan Bajaj Institute for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Chennai 600006, India
| | - Sowmya Parameswaran
- L&T Ocular Pathology Department, Vision Research Foundation, Kamalnayan Bajaj Institute for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Chennai 600006, India
| | - Subramanian Krishnakumar
- L&T Ocular Pathology Department, Vision Research Foundation, Kamalnayan Bajaj Institute for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Chennai 600006, India
| | - Neetu Singh
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
- Biomedical Engineering Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
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6
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Kwon MJ, House BJ, Barth CW, Solanki A, Jones JA, Davis SC, Gibbs SL. Dual probe difference specimen imaging for prostate cancer margin assessment. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2023; 28:082806. [PMID: 37082104 PMCID: PMC10111791 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.28.8.082806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Significance Positive margin status due to incomplete removal of tumor tissue during radical prostatectomy for high-risk localized prostate cancer requires reoperation or adjuvant therapy, which increases morbidity and mortality. Adverse effects of prostate cancer treatments commonly include erectile dysfunction, urinary incontinence, and bowel dysfunction, making successful initial curative prostatectomy imperative. Aim Current intraoperative tumor margin assessment is largely limited to frozen section analysis, which is a lengthy, labor-intensive process that is obtrusive to the clinical workflow within the operating room (OR). Therefore, a rapid method for prostate cancer margin assessment in the OR could improve outcomes for patients. Approach Dual probe difference specimen imaging (DDSI), which uses paired antibody-based probes that are labeled with spectrally distinct fluorophores, was shown herein for prostate cancer margin assessment. The paired antibody-based probes consisted of a targeted probe to prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) and an untargeted probe, which were used as a cocktail to stain resected murine tissue specimens including prostate tumor, adipose, muscle, and normal prostate. Ratiometric images (i.e., DDSI) of the difference between targeted and untargeted probe uptake were calculated and evaluated for accuracy using receiver operator characteristic curve analysis with area under the curve values used to evaluate the utility of the DDSI method to detect PSMA positive prostate cancer. Results Targeted and untargeted probe uptake was similar between the high and low PSMA expressing tumor due to nonspecific probe uptake after topical administration. The ratiometric DDSI approach showed substantial contrast difference between the PSMA positive tumors and their respective normal tissues (prostate, adipose, muscle). Furthermore, DDSI showed substantial contrast difference between the high PSMA expressing tumors and the minimally PSMA expressing tumors due to the ratiometric correction for the nonspecific uptake patterns in resected tissues. Conclusions Previous work has shown that ratiometic imaging has strong predictive value for breast cancer margin status using topical administration. Translation of the ratiometric DDSI methodology herein from breast to prostate cancers demonstrates it as a robust, ratiometric technique that provides a molecularly specific imaging modality for intraoperative margin detection. Using the validated DDSI protocol on resected prostate cancers permitted rapid and accurate assessment of PSMA status as a surrogate for prostate cancer margin status. Future studies will further evaluate the utility of this technology to quantitatively characterize prostate margin status using PSMA as a biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus J. Kwon
- Oregon Health & Science University, Biomedical Engineering Department, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Broderick J. House
- Oregon Health & Science University, Biomedical Engineering Department, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Connor W. Barth
- Oregon Health & Science University, Biomedical Engineering Department, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Allison Solanki
- Oregon Health & Science University, Biomedical Engineering Department, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Jocelyn A. Jones
- Oregon Health & Science University, Biomedical Engineering Department, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Scott C. Davis
- Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
| | - Summer L. Gibbs
- Oregon Health & Science University, Biomedical Engineering Department, Portland, Oregon, United States
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
- Address all correspondence to Summer L. Gibbs,
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7
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Streeter SS, Hebert KA, Bateman LM, Ray GS, Dean RE, Geffken KT, Resnick CT, Austin DC, Bell JE, Sparks MB, Gibbs SL, Samkoe KS, Gitajn IL, Elliott JT, Henderson ER. Current and Future Applications of Fluorescence Guidance in Orthopaedic Surgery. Mol Imaging Biol 2023; 25:46-57. [PMID: 36447084 PMCID: PMC10106269 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-022-01789-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) is an evolving field that seeks to identify important anatomic structures or physiologic phenomena with helpful relevance to the execution of surgical procedures. Fluorescence labeling occurs generally via the administration of fluorescent reporters that may be molecularly targeted, enzyme-activated, or untargeted, vascular probes. Fluorescence guidance has substantially changed care strategies in numerous surgical fields; however, investigation and adoption in orthopaedic surgery have lagged. FGS shows the potential for improving patient care in orthopaedics via several applications including disease diagnosis, perfusion-based tissue healing capacity assessment, infection/tumor eradication, and anatomic structure identification. This review highlights current and future applications of fluorescence guidance in orthopaedics and identifies key challenges to translation and potential solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel S Streeter
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
| | - Kendra A Hebert
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Logan M Bateman
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.,Department of Orthopaedics, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA
| | - Gabrielle S Ray
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA.,Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Ryan E Dean
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA.,Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Kurt T Geffken
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA.,Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Corey T Resnick
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA.,Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Daniel C Austin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA.,Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - John-Erik Bell
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA.,Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Michael B Sparks
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA.,Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Summer L Gibbs
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Kimberley S Samkoe
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - I Leah Gitajn
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA.,Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Jonathan Thomas Elliott
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.,Department of Orthopaedics, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA.,Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.,Dartmouth Cancer Center, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA
| | - Eric R Henderson
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.,Department of Orthopaedics, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA.,Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.,Dartmouth Cancer Center, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA
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8
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Petusseau AF, Bruza P, Pogue BW. Protoporphyrin IX delayed fluorescence imaging: a modality for hypoxia-based surgical guidance. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2022; 27:106005. [PMID: 36217225 PMCID: PMC9549807 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.27.10.106005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Hypoxia imaging for surgical guidance has never been possible, yet it is well known that most tumors have microregional chronic and/or cycling hypoxia present as well as chaotic blood flow. The ability to image oxygen partial pressure (pO2) is therefore a unique control of tissue metabolism and can be used in a range of disease applications to understand the complex biochemistry of oxygen supply and consumption. AIM Delayed fluorescence (DF) from the endogenous molecule protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) has been shown to be a truly unique reporter of the local oxygen partial pressure in tissue. PpIX is endogenously synthesized by mitochondria in most tissues, and the particular property of DF emission is directly related to low microenvironmental oxygen concentration. Here, it is shown that PpIX has a unique emission in hypoxic tumor tissue regions, which is measured as a DF signal in the red to near-infrared spectrum. APPROACH A time-gated imaging system was used for PpIX DF for wide field direct mapping of pO2 changes. Acquiring both prompt and DF in a rapid sequential cycle allowed for imaging oxygenation in a way that was insensitive to the PpIX concentration. By choosing adequate parameters, the video rate acquisition of pO2 images could be achieved, providing real-time tissue metabolic information. RESULTS In this report, we show the first demonstration of imaging hypoxia signals from PpIX in a pancreatic cancer model, exhibiting >5X contrast relative to surrounding normal oxygenated tissues. Additionally, tissue palpation amplifies the signal and provides intuitive temporal contrast based upon neoangiogenic blood flow differences. CONCLUSIONS PpIX DF provides a mechanism for tumor contrast that could easily be translated to human use as an intrinsic contrast mechanism for oncologic surgical guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur F. Petusseau
- Dartmouth College, Thayer School of Engineering and Dartmouth Cancer Center, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
| | - Petr Bruza
- Dartmouth College, Thayer School of Engineering and Dartmouth Cancer Center, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
| | - Brian W. Pogue
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Department of Medical Physics, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
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9
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Glutathione-capped gold nanoclusters as near-infrared-emitting efficient contrast agents for confocal fluorescence imaging of tissue-mimicking phantoms. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:337. [PMID: 35978146 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05440-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
An innovative research has been conducted focused on demonstrating the ability of novel dual-emissive glutathione-stabilized gold nanoclusters (GSH-AuNCs) to perform bright near-infrared (NIR)-emitting contrast agents inside tissue-mimicking agarose-phantoms via two complementary confocal fluorescence imaging techniques. First, using a new and fast microwave-assisted approach, we synthesized photostable dual-emitting GSH-AuNCs with an average size of 3.2 ± 0.4 nm and NIR emission quantum yield of 9.9%. Steady-state fluorescence measurements coupled with fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) assays performed on lyophilized GSH-AuNCs revealed that the obtained GSH-AuNCs exhibit PL emissions at 610 nm (red PL) and, respectively, 800 nm (NIR PL) in both solution and powder solid-state. Time-resolved fluorescence measurements showed that the two PL components are characterized by average lifetimes of 407 ns (red PL) and 1821 ns (NIR PL), respectively. Additionally, due to a partial overlap between the red PL and the absorption of the NIR PL, an energy transfer between the two coexisting emissive centers was discovered and confirmed via steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence measurements. Furthermore, the FLIM analysis performed on powder GSH-AuNCs under 640 nm, an excitation more suitable for bioimaging applications, revealed a homogeneous and photostable NIR PL signal from GSH-AuNCs. Finally, the ability of GSH-AuNCs to operate as reliable NIR-emitting contrast agents inside tissue-mimicking agarose-phantoms was demonstrated here for the first time via complementary FLIM and re-scan confocal fluorescence imaging techniques. In consequence, GSH-AuNCs show great promise for future in vivo imaging applications via confocal fluorescence microscopy.
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10
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Mander S, Naffouje SA, Gao J, Li W, Christov K, Green A, Bongarzone ER, Das Gupta TK, Yamada T. Tumor-targeting cell-penetrating peptide, p28, for glioblastoma imaging and therapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:940001. [PMID: 35936749 PMCID: PMC9353713 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.940001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in cancer research, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains a highly aggressive brain tumor as its treatment options are limited. The current standard treatment includes surgery followed by radiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy. However, surgery without image guidance is often challenging to achieve maximal safe resection as it is difficult to precisely discern the lesion to be removed from surrounding brain tissue. In addition, the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy is limited by poor penetration of therapeutics through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) into brain tissues, and the lack of tumor targeting. In this regard, we utilized a tumor-targeting cell-penetration peptide, p28, as a therapeutic agent to improve the efficacy of a current chemotherapeutic agent for GBM, and as a carrier for a fluorescence imaging agent for a clear identification of GBM. Here, we show that a near-infrared (NIR) imaging agent, ICG-p28 (a chemical conjugate of an FDA-approved NIR dye, indocyanine green ICG, and tumor-targeting p28 peptide) can preferentially localize tumors in multiple GBM animal models. Moreover, xenograft studies show that p28, as a therapeutic agent, can enhance the cytotoxic activity of temozolomide (TMZ), one of the few effective drugs for brain tumors. Collectively, our findings highlight the important role of the tumor-targeting peptide, which has great potential for intraoperative image-guided surgery and the development of new therapeutic strategies for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunam Mander
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Samer A. Naffouje
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jin Gao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois College of Engineering, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Weiguo Li
- Richard & Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois College of Engineering, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Konstantin Christov
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Albert Green
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ernesto R. Bongarzone
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Tapas K. Das Gupta
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Tohru Yamada
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
- Richard & Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois College of Engineering, Chicago, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Tohru Yamada,
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11
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Park Y, Demessie AA, Luo A, Taratula OR, Moses AS, Do P, Campos L, Jahangiri Y, Wyatt CR, Albarqi HA, Farsad K, Slayden OD, Taratula O. Targeted Nanoparticles with High Heating Efficiency for the Treatment of Endometriosis with Systemically Delivered Magnetic Hyperthermia. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2107808. [PMID: 35434932 PMCID: PMC9232988 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202107808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a devastating disease in which endometrial-like tissue forms lesions outside the uterus. It causes infertility and severe pelvic pain in ≈176 million women worldwide, and there is currently no cure for this disease. Magnetic hyperthermia could potentially eliminate widespread endometriotic lesions but has not previously been considered for treatment because conventional magnetic nanoparticles have relatively low heating efficiency and can only provide ablation temperatures (>46 °C) following direct intralesional injection. This study is the first to describe nanoparticles that enable systemically delivered magnetic hyperthermia for endometriosis treatment. When subjected to an alternating magnetic field (AMF), these hexagonal iron-oxide nanoparticles exhibit extraordinary heating efficiency that is 6.4× greater than their spherical counterparts. Modifying nanoparticles with a peptide targeted to vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) enhances their endometriosis specificity. Studies in mice bearing transplants of macaque endometriotic tissue reveal that, following intravenous injection at a low dose (3 mg per kg), these nanoparticles efficiently accumulate in endometriotic lesions, selectively elevate intralesional temperature above 50 °C upon exposure to external AMF, and completely eradicate them with a single treatment. These nanoparticles also demonstrate promising potential as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents for precise detection of endometriotic tissue before AMF application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngrong Park
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon, 97201, USA
| | - Ananiya A Demessie
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon, 97201, USA
| | - Addie Luo
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue Beaverton, Portland, Oregon, 97006, USA
| | - Olena R Taratula
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon, 97201, USA
| | - Abraham S Moses
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon, 97201, USA
| | - Peter Do
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon, 97201, USA
| | - Leonardo Campos
- Dotter Interventional Institute, Department of Interventional Radiology, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon, 97239, USA
| | - Younes Jahangiri
- Dotter Interventional Institute, Department of Interventional Radiology, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon, 97239, USA
| | - Cory R Wyatt
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon, 97239, USA
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health and Sciences University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon, 97239, USA
| | - Hassan A Albarqi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, King Abdulaziz Road, Najran, 55461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khashayar Farsad
- Dotter Interventional Institute, Department of Interventional Radiology, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon, 97239, USA
| | - Ov D Slayden
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue Beaverton, Portland, Oregon, 97006, USA
| | - Oleh Taratula
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon, 97201, USA
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12
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Gao Z, Yang Z, Li Z, Burgess K. Fluorescent PARP Inhibitors Applied To Intracranial Glioblastoma: Accumulation and Persistence In Vivo. ACS Med Chem Lett 2022; 13:911-915. [DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Zhen Yang
- Department of Radiology, Houston Methodist Academic Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Radiology, Houston Methodist Academic Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Kevin Burgess
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
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13
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Sun R, Cuthbert H, Watts C. Fluorescence-Guided Surgery in the Surgical Treatment of Gliomas: Past, Present and Future. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143508. [PMID: 34298721 PMCID: PMC8304525 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Gliomas are aggressive central nervous system tumours. The emergence and recent widespread adoption of 5-aminolevulinic acid and fluorescence guided surgery have improved the extent of resection, with implications for improved survival and progression-free survival. This review describes the history, rationale and mechanism behind the use of 5-aminolevulinic acid and fluorescence-guided surgery. We also discuss current limitations and future directions for this important adjunct to glioma surgery. This review aims to provide readers with an up-to-date overview and evidence base on this important topic. Abstract Gliomas are central nervous systems tumours which are diffusely infiltrative and difficult to treat. The extent of surgical resection is correlated with improved outcomes, including survival and disease-free progression. Cancerous tissue can be directly visualised intra-operatively under fluorescence by administration of 5-aminolevulinic acid to the patient. The adoption of this technique has allowed surgeons worldwide to achieve greater extents of resection, with implications for improved prognosis. However, there are practical limitations to use of 5-aminolevulinic acid. New adjuncts in the field of fluorescence-guided surgery aim to improve recognition of the interface between tumour and brain with the objective of improving resection and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK;
- Correspondence: (R.S.); (H.C.)
| | - Hadleigh Cuthbert
- Department of Neurosurgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK;
- Correspondence: (R.S.); (H.C.)
| | - Colin Watts
- Department of Neurosurgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK;
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2SY, UK
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14
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Barth CW, Shah VM, Wang LG, Antaris AL, Klaassen A, Sorger J, Rao DA, Kerr DA, Henderson ER, Alani AW, Gibbs SL. Clinically translatable formulation strategies for systemic administration of nerve-specific probes. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021; 4:2100002. [PMID: 34423111 PMCID: PMC8372234 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202100002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nerves are extremely difficult to identify and are often accidently damaged during surgery, leaving patients with lasting pain and numbness. Herein, a novel near-infrared (NIR) nerve-specific fluorophore, LGW01-08, was utilized for enhanced nerve identification using fluorescence guided surgery (FGS), formulated using clinical translatable strategies. Formulated LGW01-08 was examined for toxicology, pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics (PD) parameters in preparation for future clinical translation. Optimal LGW01-08 imaging doses were identified in each formulation resulting in a 10x difference between the toxicity to imaging dose window. Laparoscopic swine surgery completed using the da Vinci surgical robot (Intuitive Surgical) demonstrated the efficacy of formulated LGW01-08 for enhanced nerve identification. NIR fluorescence imaging enabled clear identification of nerves buried beneath ~3 mm of tissue that were unidentifiable by white light imaging. These studies provide a strong basis for future clinical translation of NIR nerve-specific fluorophores for utility during FGS to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor W. Barth
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201
| | - Vidhi M. Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University/OHSU, Portland, OR, 97201
| | - Lei G. Wang
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201
| | | | | | | | - Deepa A. Rao
- School of Pharmacy, Pacific University, Hillsboro, OR 97123
| | - Darcy A. Kerr
- Department of Pathology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756.,Geisel School of Mdicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - Eric R. Henderson
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756
| | - Adam W.G. Alani
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University/OHSU, Portland, OR, 97201
| | - Summer L. Gibbs
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201.,Corresponding Author: Summer L. Gibbs, Ph.D., Oregon Health & Science University, Collaborative Life Sciences Building, 2730 S Moody Ave, Mail Code: CL3SG, Portland, OR 97201, , Phone: 503-494-8940
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15
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St. Lorenz A, Buabeng ER, Taratula O, Taratula O, Henary M. Near-Infrared Heptamethine Cyanine Dyes for Nanoparticle-Based Photoacoustic Imaging and Photothermal Therapy. J Med Chem 2021; 64:8798-8805. [PMID: 34081463 PMCID: PMC10807376 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We have synthesized and characterized a library of near-infrared (NIR) heptamethine cyanine dyes for biomedical application as photoacoustic imaging and photothermal agents. These hydrophobic dyes were incorporated into a polymer-based nanoparticle system to provide aqueous solubility and protection of the photophysical properties of each dye scaffold. Among those heptamethine cyanine dyes analyzed, 13 compounds within the nontoxic polymeric nanoparticles have been selected to exemplify structural relationships in terms of photostability, photoacoustic imaging, and photothermal behavior within the NIR (∼650-850 nm) spectral region. The most contributing structural features observed in our dye design include hydrophobicity, rotatable bonds, heavy atom effects, and stability of the central cyclohexene ring within the dye core. The NIR agents developed within this project serve to elicit a structure-function relationship with emphasis on their photoacoustic and photothermal characteristics aiming at producing customizable NIR photoacoustic and photothermal tools for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna St. Lorenz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Emmanuel Ramsey Buabeng
- Department of Chemistry, 100 Piedmont Avenue SE, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
- Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, 100 Piedmont Avenue SE, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Oleh Taratula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Olena Taratula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Maged Henary
- Department of Chemistry, 100 Piedmont Avenue SE, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
- Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, 100 Piedmont Avenue SE, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
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16
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Xia C, Zhou Q, Zhang Q, Hu S, Meacci E, Matsuura Y, Durand M, Hu Q, Cai H, Wang Y. Comparative study on the diagnostic value of intravenous/peritumoral injection of indocyanine green for metastatic lymph node location in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:507. [PMID: 33850904 PMCID: PMC8039712 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Accurate assessment of regional lymph node (LN) status is essential for the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients. In this study, we aimed to compare the difference between intravenous injection of indocyanine green (ICG) and peritumoral injection of ICG in the location of metastatic LNs. Methods Twenty-nine patients were enrolled in this study with 13 patients receiving intravenous injection of ICG and 16 patients receiving peritumoral injection of ICG. During the surgery, the fluorescence-positive LNs in vivo were sent to undergo frozen section after fluorescence intensity was recorded. After the cervical LN dissection, all LNs were sorted by region, and the fluorescence intensity was recorded before the LNs were sent for paraffin section. Results During the surgery, both intravenous or peritumoral injections with near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging of ICG had their respective pros and cons in vivo, with the sensitivity and specificity being 62.5%/75% and 98.1%/89.1% respectively. After the surgery, both methods could reduce the pathological workload by preselecting the LNs at-risk in the premise of accurate assessing the cervical LN stage. However, intravenous ICG administration was more valuable in determining all types of LN status according to the fluorescence intensity [area under the curve (AUC): 0.91 vs. 0.78, P<0.001]. Conclusions With the assistance of NIR fluorescence imaging using ICG, both administration methods could reduce the postoperative complication and the pathological workload, whereas the intravenous mode of ICG administration is superior in application value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengwan Xia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qunzhi Zhou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiqi Hu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Elisa Meacci
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Yosuke Matsuura
- Department of Thoracic Surgical Oncology, The Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marion Durand
- Ramsay Santé, Thoracic Unit, Hôpital Privé d'Antony, Antony, France
| | - Qingang Hu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huiming Cai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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17
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Meershoek P, KleinJan GH, van Willigen DM, Bauwens KP, Spa SJ, van Beurden F, van Gennep EJ, Mottrie AM, van der Poel HG, Buckle T, van Leeuwen FWB, van Oosterom MN. Multi-wavelength fluorescence imaging with a da Vinci Firefly-a technical look behind the scenes. J Robot Surg 2020; 15:751-760. [PMID: 33179201 PMCID: PMC8423683 DOI: 10.1007/s11701-020-01170-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The field of fluorescence-guided surgery builds on colored fluorescent tracers that have become available for different clinical applications. Combined use of complementary fluorescent emissions can allow visualization of different anatomical structures (e.g. tumor, lymphatics and nerves) in the same patient. With the aim to assess the requirements for multi-color fluorescence guidance under in vivo conditions, we thoroughly characterized two FDA-approved laparoscopic Firefly camera systems available on the da Vinci Si or da Vinci Xi surgical robot. In this process, we studied the cameras’ performance with respect to the photophysical properties of the FDA-approved dyes Fluorescein and ICG. Our findings indicate that multi-wavelength fluorescence imaging of Fluorescein and ICG is possible using clinical-grade fluorescence laparoscopes, but critical factors for success include the photophysical dye properties, imaging system performance and the amount of accumulated dye. When comparing the camera performance, the Xi system provided more effective excitation (adaptions in the light source) and higher detection sensitivity (chip-on-a-tip and/or enhanced image processing) for both Fluorescein and ICG. Both systems can readily be used for multi-wavelength fluorescence imaging of Fluorescein and ICG under clinically relevant conditions. With that, another step has been made towards the routine implementation of multi-wavelength image-guided surgery concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippa Meershoek
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs H KleinJan
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Urology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Danny M van Willigen
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Silvia J Spa
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Florian van Beurden
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik J van Gennep
- Department of Urology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandre M Mottrie
- Orsi Academy, Melle, Belgium.,Department of Urology, Onze-Lieve-Vrouw Hospital, Aalst, Belgium
| | - Henk G van der Poel
- Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T Buckle
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fijs W B van Leeuwen
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Orsi Academy, Melle, Belgium
| | - Matthias N van Oosterom
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands. .,Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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18
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Reja SI, Minoshima M, Hori Y, Kikuchi K. Near-infrared fluorescent probes: a next-generation tool for protein-labeling applications. Chem Sci 2020; 12:3437-3447. [PMID: 34163617 PMCID: PMC8179524 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04792a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probes over the past few decades has changed the way that biomolecules are imaged, and thus represents one of the most rapidly progressing areas of research. Presently, NIR fluorescent probes are routinely used to visualize and understand intracellular activities. The ability to penetrate tissues deeply, reduced photodamage to living organisms, and a high signal-to-noise ratio characterize NIR fluorescent probes as efficient next-generation tools for elucidating various biological events. The coupling of self-labeling protein tags with synthetic fluorescent probes is one of the most promising research areas in chemical biology. Indeed, at present, protein-labeling techniques are not only used to monitor the dynamics and localization of proteins but also play a more diverse role in imaging applications. For instance, one of the dominant technologies employed in the visualization of protein activity and regulation is based on protein tags and their associated NIR fluorescent probes. In this mini-review, we will discuss the development of several NIR fluorescent probes used for various protein-tag systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahi Imam Reja
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Masafumi Minoshima
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Yuichiro Hori
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
- Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Kazuya Kikuchi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
- Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University Osaka 565-0871 Japan
- Quantum Information and Quantum Biology Division, Osaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
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19
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Lwin TM, Hernot S, Hollandsworth H, Amirfakhri S, Filemoni F, Debie P, Hoffman RM, Bouvet M. Tumor-specific near-infrared nanobody probe rapidly labels tumors in an orthotopic mouse model of pancreatic cancer. Surgery 2020; 168:85-91. [PMID: 32370916 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2020.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanobodies, derived from camelid antibodies made of only heavy chains, are the smallest, biologic, antigen-binding fragments (~15kDa) with faster pharmacokinetics and better tumor penetration efficiency than standard antibodies. The present study evaluates the efficacy of a fluorescent, anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) nanobody for rapid tumor labeling in an orthotopic mouse model of pancreatic cancer. METHODS Anti-CEA or control nanobodies were conjugated with the near-infrared fluorophore IRDye 800CW. Fragments of BxPC-3 (high-CEA expressing) or MiaPACA-2 (low-CEA expressing) human pancreatic cancer cell lines were orthotopically implanted into the pancreatic tail of nude mice. After tumors reached 7 to 10 mm in size, 2 nmol anti-CEA or control nanobody-IRDye800CW were injected intravenously. Mice were imaged at various time points hours post-injection. RESULTS Anti-CEA nanobodies clearly labeled BxPC3 orthotopic pancreatic tumors 3 hours after injection. The signal was present as early as 15 minutes after injection and was robust at 1 to 3 hours after injection with a tumor-to-background ratio of 2.66. In contrast, there was very low accumulation in the low CEA-expressing, MiaPACA2 pancreatic orthotopic tumors. The fluorophore-conjugated nanobody was specific for CEA-expressing tumors, while the control nanobody did not show any tumor-specific signal. Both nanobodies had strong kidney uptake as expected for small-molecule probes. The fluorescence signal was detectable using 2 clinical, Food and Drug Administration-approved, 800 nm imaging devices as well as small animal imaging systems. CONCLUSION This anti-CEA, nanobody-based, fluorescent probe labeled pancreatic orthotopic tumors within 15 minutes of intravenous injection. Fluorescent anti-CEA nanobodies have labeling kinetics that approach the speed of nonspecific dyes such as indocyanine green but with the specificity of antibodies. The use of fluorescently-labeled, intact antibodies leads to a labeling delay of 48 to 96 hours between probe administration and the necessarily delayed time of operation, which can be avoided with nanobodies. The kinetics of a nanobody-based probe makes it a practical agent for same-day, patient administration and fluorescence-guided surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thinzar M Lwin
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, CA
| | - Sophie Hernot
- Laboratory for In vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging, ICMI-BEFY/MIMA, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hannah Hollandsworth
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, CA; VA San Diego Healthcare System, CA
| | - Siamak Amirfakhri
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, CA; VA San Diego Healthcare System, CA
| | - Filemoni Filemoni
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, CA; VA San Diego Healthcare System, CA
| | - Pieterjan Debie
- Laboratory for In vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging, ICMI-BEFY/MIMA, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, CA; VA San Diego Healthcare System, CA; AntiCancer, Inc, San Diego, CA
| | - Michael Bouvet
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, CA; VA San Diego Healthcare System, CA.
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Summer D, Petrik M, Mayr S, Hermann M, Kaeopookum P, Pfister J, Klingler M, Rangger C, Haas H, Decristoforo C. Hybrid Imaging Agents for Pretargeting Applications Based on Fusarinine C-Proof of Concept. Molecules 2020; 25:E2123. [PMID: 32370017 PMCID: PMC7249120 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybrid imaging combining the beneficial properties of radioactivity and optical imaging within one imaging probe has gained increasing interest in radiopharmaceutical research. In this study, we modified the macrocyclic gallium-68 chelator fusarinine C (FSC) by conjugating a fluorescent moiety and tetrazine (Tz) moieties. The resulting hybrid imaging agents were used for pretargeting applications utilizing click reactions with a trans-cyclooctene (TCO) tagged targeting vector for a proof of principle both in vitro and in vivo. Starting from FSC, the fluorophores Sulfocyanine-5, Sulfocyanine-7, or IRDye800CW were conjugated, followed by introduction of one or two Tz motifs, resulting in mono and dimeric Tz conjugates. Evaluation included fluorescence microscopy, binding studies, logD, protein binding, in vivo biodistribution, µPET (micro-positron emission tomography), and optical imaging (OI) studies. 68Ga-labeled conjugates showed suitable hydrophilicity, high stability, and specific targeting properties towards Rituximab-TCO pre-treated CD20 expressing Raji cells. Biodistribution studies showed fast clearance and low accumulation in non-targeted organs for both SulfoCy5- and IRDye800CW-conjugates. In an alendronate-TCO based bone targeting model the dimeric IRDye800CW-conjugate resulted in specific targeting using PET and OI, superior to the monomer. This proof of concept study showed that the preparation of FSC-Tz hybrid imaging agents for pretargeting applications is feasible, making such compounds suitable for hybrid imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Summer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (D.S.); (S.M.); (P.K.); (J.P.); (M.K.); (C.R.)
| | - Milos Petrik
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, 772-00 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
| | - Sonja Mayr
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (D.S.); (S.M.); (P.K.); (J.P.); (M.K.); (C.R.)
| | - Martin Hermann
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Medical University Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Piriya Kaeopookum
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (D.S.); (S.M.); (P.K.); (J.P.); (M.K.); (C.R.)
| | - Joachim Pfister
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (D.S.); (S.M.); (P.K.); (J.P.); (M.K.); (C.R.)
| | - Maximilian Klingler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (D.S.); (S.M.); (P.K.); (J.P.); (M.K.); (C.R.)
| | - Christine Rangger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (D.S.); (S.M.); (P.K.); (J.P.); (M.K.); (C.R.)
| | - Hubertus Haas
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Medical University Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Clemens Decristoforo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (D.S.); (S.M.); (P.K.); (J.P.); (M.K.); (C.R.)
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21
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Moses AS, Taratula OR, Lee H, Luo F, Grenz T, Korzun T, Lorenz AS, Sabei FY, Bracha S, Alani AWG, Slayden OD, Taratula O. Nanoparticle-Based Platform for Activatable Fluorescence Imaging and Photothermal Ablation of Endometriosis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1906936. [PMID: 32250034 PMCID: PMC7210057 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201906936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a painful disorder where endometrium-like tissue forms lesions outside of the uterine cavity. Intraoperative identification and removal of these lesions are difficult. This study presents a nanoplatform that concurrently delineates and ablates endometriosis tissues using real-time near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence and photothermal therapy (PTT). The nanoplatform consists of a dye, silicon naphthalocyanine (SiNc), capable of both NIR fluorescence imaging and PTT, and a polymeric nanoparticle as a SiNc carrier to endometriosis tissue following systemic administration. To achieve high contrast during fluorescence imaging of endometriotic lesions, nanoparticles are constructed to be non-fluorescent prior to internalization by endometriosis cells. In vitro studies confirm that these nanoparticles activate the fluorescence signal following internalization in macaque endometrial stromal cells and ablate them by increasing cellular temperature to 53 ° C upon interaction with NIR light. To demonstrate in vivo efficiency of the nanoparticles, biopsies of endometrium and endometriosis from rhesus macaques are transplanted into immunodeficient mice. Imaging with the intraoperative Fluobeam 800 system reveals that 24 h following intravenous injection, nanoparticles efficiently accumulate in, and demarcate, endometriotic grafts with fluorescence. Finally, the nanoparticles increase the temperature of endometriotic grafts up to 47 °C upon exposure to NIR light, completely eradicating them after a single treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham S Moses
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 SW Moody Avenue, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Olena R Taratula
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 SW Moody Avenue, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Hyelim Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 SW Moody Avenue, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Fangzhou Luo
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
| | - Tanner Grenz
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
| | - Tetiana Korzun
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 SW Moody Avenue, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Anna St Lorenz
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 SW Moody Avenue, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Fahad Y Sabei
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 SW Moody Avenue, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Shay Bracha
- Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, 700 SW 30th Street, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Adam W G Alani
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 SW Moody Avenue, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Ov D Slayden
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
| | - Oleh Taratula
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 SW Moody Avenue, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
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22
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Ma L, Huang S, He S, Wang Z, Cheng Z. Polydopamine-coated downconversion nanoparticle as an efficient dual-modal near-infrared-II fluorescence and photoacoustic contrast agent for non-invasive visualization of gastrointestinal tract in vivo. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 151:112000. [PMID: 31999595 PMCID: PMC7992503 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.112000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a multifunctional dual-modal imaging probe is successfully developed to integrate the advantages of second near-infrared window (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) fluorescence imaging (FI) and photoacoustic imaging (PAI) with the ultimate goal of improving diseases diagnosis and management. Melanin-inspired polydopamine (PDA) polymer coated NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+@NaYbF4@NaYF4:Nd3+ down conversion nanoparticles (DCNPs) is designed via water-in-oil microemulsion method, which comprises a DCNP core, acting as the NIR-II optical imaging agent, and a PDA shell, acting as the PA contrast agent. By taking the advantages of high spatial resolution and excellent temporal resolution, the dual-modal contrast agent is capable for high sensitivity real-time visualization of gastrointestinal tract, diagnosis of gastrointestinal peristalsis disorder and NIR-II FI-guided intestinal obstruction surgery. All of the above results demonstrate the great potential of DCNP@PDA NP as an efficient NIR-II/PAI dual-modal contrast agent for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, PR China; Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Bio-X Program, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-5344, United States
| | - Sa Huang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, PR China
| | - Shuqing He
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Bio-X Program, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-5344, United States
| | - Zhenxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, PR China
| | - Zhen Cheng
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Bio-X Program, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-5344, United States.
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23
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Valdes PA, Juvekar P, Agar NYR, Gioux S, Golby AJ. Quantitative Wide-Field Imaging Techniques for Fluorescence Guided Neurosurgery. Front Surg 2019; 6:31. [PMID: 31245380 PMCID: PMC6563771 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2019.00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence guided surgery (FGS) has fueled the development of novel technologies aimed at maximizing the utility of fluorescence imaging to help clinicians diagnose and in certain cases treat diseases across a breadth of disciplines such as dermatology, gynecology, oncology, ophthalmology, and neurosurgery. In neurosurgery, the goal of FGS technologies is to provide the neurosurgeon with additional information which can serve as a visual aid to better identify tumor tissue and associated margins. Yet, current clinical FGS technologies are qualitative in nature, limiting the ability to make accurate, reliable, and repeatable measurements. To this end, developments in fluorescence quantification are needed to overcome current limitations of FGS. Here we present an overview of the recent developments in quantitative fluorescence guidance technologies and conclude with the most recent developments aimed at wide-field quantitative fluorescence imaging approaches in neurosurgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo A Valdes
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Parikshit Juvekar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nathalie Y R Agar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sylvain Gioux
- ICube Laboratory, University of Strasbourg, Télécom Physique Strasbourg, Alsace, France
| | - Alexandra J Golby
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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24
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Thavornpradit S, Usama SM, Park GK, Shrestha JP, Nomura S, Baek Y, Choi HS, Burgess K. QuatCy: A Heptamethine Cyanine Modification With Improved Characteristics. Theranostics 2019; 9:2856-2867. [PMID: 31244928 PMCID: PMC6568187 DOI: 10.7150/thno.33595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A major restriction on optical imaging techniques is the range of available fluorophores that are compatible with aqueous media without aggregation, absorb light above 750 nm with high extinction coefficients, fluoresce with relatively high quantum yields, and resist photodecomposition. Indocyanine green (ICG or A in this paper) is an important example of a fluorophore that fits this description. Other dyes that are becoming increasingly prevalent are select heptamethine cyanine dyes (Cy7) which feature a cyclohexyl framework to rigidify the conjugated alkenes, and meso-chlorine substitution; MHI-148 (B) is one example. Methods: Research described here was initiated to uncover the consequences of a simple isoelectronic substitution to MHI-148 that replaces a cyclohexyl methylene with a dialkyl ammonium fragment. Solubility experiments were carried out in aqueous and cell culture media, photophysical properties including fluorescence quantum yields, brightness and stability were measured. Moreover, in vivo pharmacokinetics, distribution and tumor seeking properties were also explored. Results: Modification to incorporate dialkyl ammonium fragment leads to a brighter, more photostable fluorophore, with a decreased tendency to aggregation, complementary solubility characteristics, and a lower cytotoxicity. Conclusion: All the above-mentioned parameters are favorable for many anticipated applications of the new dye we now call quaternary cyanine-7 or QuatCy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sopida Thavornpradit
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, Box 30012, College Station, TX 77842, USA
| | - Syed Muhammad Usama
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, Box 30012, College Station, TX 77842, USA
| | - G. Kate Park
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jaya P. Shrestha
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, Box 30012, College Station, TX 77842, USA
| | - Shinsuke Nomura
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Yoonji Baek
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Hak Soo Choi
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Kevin Burgess
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, Box 30012, College Station, TX 77842, USA
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25
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Tang JC, Partono A, Anvari B. Near-Infrared-Fluorescent Erythrocyte-Mimicking Particles: Physical and Optical Characteristics. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2019; 66:1034-1044. [PMID: 30130175 PMCID: PMC6382600 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2018.2866368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Exogenous fluorescent materials activated by near-infrared (NIR) light can offer deep optical imaging with subcellular resolution, and enhanced image contrast. We have engineered NIR particles by doping hemoglobin-depleted erythrocyte ghosts (EGs) with indocyanine green (ICG). We refer to these optical particles as NIR erythrocyte-mimicking transducers (NETs). A particular feature of NETs is that their diameters can be tuned from micrometer to nanometer scale, thereby, providing a capability for broad NIR biomedical imaging applications. Herein, we investigate the effects of ICG concentration on key material properties of micrometer-sized NETs, and nanometer-sized NETs fabricated by either sonication or mechanical extrusion of EGs. The zeta potentials of NETs do not vary significantly with ICG concentration, suggesting that ICG is encapsulated within NETs regardless of particle size or ICG concentration. Loading efficiency of ICG into the NETs monotonically decreases with increasing values of ICG concentration. Based on quantitative analyses of the fluorescence emission spectra of the NETs, we determine that 20 μM ICG utilized during fabrication of NETs presents an optimal concentration that maximizes the integrated fluorescence emission for micrometer- and nanometer-sized NETs. Encapsulation of the ICG in these constructs also enhances the fluorescence stability and quantum yield of ICG. These results guide the engineering of NETs with maximal NIR emission for imaging applications such as fluorescence-guided tumor resection and real-time angiography.
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26
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Ganau M, Ligarotti GK, Apostolopoulos V. Real-time intraoperative ultrasound in brain surgery: neuronavigation and use of contrast-enhanced image fusion. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2019; 9:350-358. [PMID: 31032183 DOI: 10.21037/qims.2019.03.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Ganau
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Gianfranco K Ligarotti
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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27
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Wang LG, Barth CW, Combs JR, Montaño AR, Gibbs SL. Investigation of Oxazine and Rhodamine Derivatives as Peripheral Nerve Tissue Targeting Contrast Agent for In Vivo Fluorescence Imaging. PROCEEDINGS OF SPIE--THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR OPTICAL ENGINEERING 2019; 10862. [PMID: 32341618 DOI: 10.1117/12.2507296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Accidental nerve transection or injury is a significant morbidity associated with many surgical interventions, resulting in persistent postsurgical numbness, chronic pain, and/or paralysis. Nerve-sparing can be a difficult task due to patient-to-patient variability and the difficulty of nerve visualization in the operating room. Fluorescence image-guided surgery to aid in the precise visualization of vital nerve structures in real time during surgery could greatly improve patient outcomes. To date, all nerve-specific contrast agents emit in the visible range. Developing a near-infrared (NIR) nerve-specific fluorophore is poised to be a challenging task, as a NIR fluorophore must have enough "double-bonds" to reach the NIR imaging window, contradicting the requirement that a nerve-specific agent must have a relatively low molecular weight to cross the blood-nerve-barrier (BNB). Herein we report our efforts to investigate the molecular characteristics for the nerve-specific oxazine fluorophores, as well as their structurally analogous rhodamine fluorophores. Specifically, optical properties, physicochemical properties and their in vivo nerve specificity were evaluated herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei G Wang
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201
| | - Connor W Barth
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201
| | - Jason R Combs
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201
| | - Antonio R Montaño
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201
| | - Summer L Gibbs
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201.,OHSU Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201
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28
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Fluorescent humanized anti-CEA antibody specifically labels metastatic pancreatic cancer in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) mouse model. Oncotarget 2018; 9:37333-37342. [PMID: 30647873 PMCID: PMC6324662 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a highly lethal disease in part due to incomplete tumor resection. Targeting by tumor-specific antibodies conjugated with a fluorescent label can result in selective labeling of cancer in vivo for surgical navigation. In the present study, we describe a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft model of pancreatic cancer that recapitulated the disease on a gross and microscopic level, along with physiologic clinical manifestations. We additionally show that the use of an anti-CEA antibody conjugated to the near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent dye, IRDye800CW, can selectively highlight the pancreatic cancer and its metastases in this model with a tumor-to-background ratio of 3.5 (SEM 0.9). The present results demonstrate the clinical potential of this labeling technique for fluorescence-guided surgery of pancreatic cancer.
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29
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Kazmierczak PM, Burton NC, Keinrath G, Hirner-Eppeneder H, Schneider MJ, Eschbach RS, Heimer M, Solyanik O, Todica A, Reiser MF, Ricke J, Cyran CC. Integrin-targeted quantitative optoacoustic imaging with MRI correlation for monitoring a BRAF/MEK inhibitor combination therapy in a murine model of human melanoma. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204930. [PMID: 30281669 PMCID: PMC6169922 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate αvβ3-integrin-targeted optoacoustic imaging and MRI for monitoring a BRAF/MEK inhibitor combination therapy in a murine model of human melanoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human BRAF V600E-positive melanoma xenograft (A375)-bearing Balb/c nude mice (n = 10) were imaged before (day 0) and after (day 7) a BRAF/MEK inhibitor combination therapy (encorafenib, 1.3 mg/kg/d; binimetinib, 0.6 mg/kg/d, n = 5) or placebo (n = 5), respectively. Optoacoustic imaging was performed on a preclinical system unenhanced and 5 h after i. v. injection of an αvβ3-integrin-targeted fluorescent probe. The αvβ3-integrin-specific tumor signal was derived by spectral unmixing. For morphology-based tumor response assessments, T2w MRI data sets were acquired on a clinical 3 Tesla scanner. The imaging results were validated by multiparametric immunohistochemistry (ß3 -integrin expression, CD31 -microvascular density, Ki-67 -proliferation). RESULTS The αvβ3-integrin-specific tumor signal was significantly reduced under therapy, showing a unidirectional decline in all animals (from 7.98±2.22 to 1.67±1.30; p = 0.043). No significant signal change was observed in the control group (from 6.60±6.51 to 3.67±1.93; p = 0.500). Immunohistochemistry revealed a significantly lower integrin expression (ß3: 0.20±0.02 vs. 0.39±0.05; p = 0.008) and microvascular density (CD31: 119±15 vs. 292±49; p = 0.008) in the therapy group. Tumor volumes increased with no significant intergroup difference (therapy: +107±42 mm3; control +112±44mm3, p = 0.841). In vivo blocking studies with αvβ3-integrin antagonist cilengitide confirmed the target specificity of the fluorescent probe. CONCLUSIONS αvβ3-integrin-targeted optoacoustic imaging allowed for the early non-invasive monitoring of a BRAF/MEK inhibitor combination therapy in a murine model of human melanoma, adding molecular information on tumor receptor status to morphology-based tumor response criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp M. Kazmierczak
- Department of Radiology, Laboratory for Experimental Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, München, Germany
| | | | - Georg Keinrath
- Department of Radiology, Laboratory for Experimental Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, München, Germany
| | - Heidrun Hirner-Eppeneder
- Department of Radiology, Laboratory for Experimental Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, München, Germany
| | - Moritz J. Schneider
- Department of Radiology, Laboratory for Experimental Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, München, Germany
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Ralf S. Eschbach
- Department of Radiology, Laboratory for Experimental Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, München, Germany
| | - Maurice Heimer
- Department of Radiology, Laboratory for Experimental Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, München, Germany
| | - Olga Solyanik
- Department of Radiology, Laboratory for Experimental Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, München, Germany
| | - Andrei Todica
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, München, Germany
| | - Maximilian F. Reiser
- Department of Radiology, Laboratory for Experimental Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, München, Germany
| | - Jens Ricke
- Department of Radiology, Laboratory for Experimental Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, München, Germany
| | - Clemens C. Cyran
- Department of Radiology, Laboratory for Experimental Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, München, Germany
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Yuan Z, Gui L, Zheng J, Chen Y, Qu S, Shen Y, Wang F, Er M, Gu Y, Chen H. GSH-Activated Light-Up Near-Infrared Fluorescent Probe with High Affinity to α vβ 3 Integrin for Precise Early Tumor Identification. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:30994-31007. [PMID: 30141897 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b09841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The development of tumor-associated, stimuli-driven, turn-on near-infrared (NIR) fluorophores requires urgent attention because of their potential in selective and precise tumor diagnosis. Herein, we describe a NIR fluorescent probe (CyA-cRGD) comprised of a fluorescence reporting unit (a cyanine dye) linked with a GSH-responsive unit (nitroazo aryl ether group) and a tumor-targeting unit (cRGD). The NIR fluorescence of CyA-cRGD with sensitive and selective response to GSH can act as a direct off-on signal reporter for GSH monitoring. Notably, CyA-cRGD possesses improved biocompatibility compared with CyA, which is highly desirable for in vivo fluorescence tracking of cancer. Confocal fluorescence imaging confirmed the tumor-targeting capability and GSH detection ability of CyA-cRGD in tumor cells, normal cells, and coincubated tumor /normal cells and in the three-dimensional multicellular tumor spheroid. Furthermore, it was validated that CyA-cRGD could detect tumor precisely in GSH and integrin αvβ 3 high-expressed tumor-bearing mouse models. Importantly, it was confirmed that CyA-cRGD possessed high efficiency for early-stage tumor imaging in mouse models with tumor cells implanted within 72 h. This method provided significant advances toward more in-depth understanding and exploration of tumor imaging, which may potentially be applied for clinical early tumor diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering , China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tongjia Lane , Gulou District, Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Lijuan Gui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering , China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tongjia Lane , Gulou District, Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Jinrong Zheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering , China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tongjia Lane , Gulou District, Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Yisha Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering , China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tongjia Lane , Gulou District, Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Sisi Qu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering , China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tongjia Lane , Gulou District, Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Yuanzhi Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering , China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tongjia Lane , Gulou District, Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering , China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tongjia Lane , Gulou District, Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Murat Er
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering , China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tongjia Lane , Gulou District, Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Yueqing Gu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering , China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tongjia Lane , Gulou District, Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering , China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tongjia Lane , Gulou District, Nanjing 210009 , China
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Korber JR, Barth CW, Gibbs SL. Nile Red derivatives enable improved ratiometric imaging for nerve-specific contrast. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2018; 23:1-13. [PMID: 29981230 PMCID: PMC8357333 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.23.7.076002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Surgical nerve damage due to difficulty with identification remains a major risk for postsurgical complications and decreased quality of life. Fluorescence-guided surgery offers a means to specifically highlight tissues of interest such as nerves and a number of fluorescence-guided surgical systems are in clinical trial or are approved for clinical use. However, no clinically approved nerve-specific fluorophores exist. In addition, many preclinical nerve-specific fluorophores tend to accumulate in adipose tissue due to the molecular composition similarities between the two tissues, making it challenging to generate a specific nerve signal. To alleviate this difficulty, we have synthesized a library of oxazine fluorophores based on the Nile Red scaffold, with the goal of strong adipose specificity without nerve uptake to facilitate ratiometric imaging. The library was screened for tissue specificity ex vivo and in vivo, enabling quantification of adipose-, nerve- and muscle-specific uptake as well as selection of the best candidate for adipose selectivity without nerve signal. We showed our selected Nile Red fluorophore improved nerve contrast using ratiometric imaging, especially nerve-to-adipose contrast as compared to the parent Nile Red compound or nerve-specific imaging alone. This adipose-specific Nile Red derivative could be used in future fluorescence-guided surgery applications where adipose- or nerve-specific contrast is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse R. Korber
- Oregon Health and Science University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Connor W. Barth
- Oregon Health and Science University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Summer L. Gibbs
- Oregon Health and Science University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Portland, Oregon, United States
- Oregon Health and Science University, Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, Oregon, United States
- Oregon Health and Science University, OHSU Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Portland, Oregon, United States
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Cha J, Broch A, Mudge S, Kim K, Namgoong JM, Oh E, Kim P. Real-time, label-free, intraoperative visualization of peripheral nerves and micro-vasculatures using multimodal optical imaging techniques. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9. [PMID: 29541506 PMCID: PMC5846516 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.001097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Accurate, real-time identification and display of critical anatomic structures, such as the nerve and vasculature structures, are critical for reducing complications and improving surgical outcomes. Human vision is frequently limited in clearly distinguishing and contrasting these structures. We present a novel imaging system, which enables noninvasive visualization of critical anatomic structures during surgical dissection. Peripheral nerves are visualized by a snapshot polarimetry that calculates the anisotropic optical properties. Vascular structures, both venous and arterial, are identified and monitored in real-time using a near-infrared laser-speckle-contrast imaging. We evaluate the system by performing in vivo animal studies with qualitative comparison by contrast-agent-aided fluorescence imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaepyeong Cha
- Sheikh Zyaed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Aline Broch
- Sheikh Zyaed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Scott Mudge
- Sheikh Zyaed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Kihoon Kim
- Sheikh Zyaed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA
- Department of Surgery, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, 875 Haeun-daero, Haeundae-gu, Busan 612-896, South Korea
| | - Jung-Man Namgoong
- Sheikh Zyaed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, South Korea
| | - Eugene Oh
- Sheikh Zyaed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Peter Kim
- Sheikh Zyaed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA
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Barth CW, Schaefer JM, Rossi VM, Davis SC, Gibbs SL. Optimizing fresh specimen staining for rapid identification of tumor biomarkers during surgery. Theranostics 2017; 7:4722-4734. [PMID: 29187899 PMCID: PMC5706095 DOI: 10.7150/thno.21527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Positive margin status due to incomplete removal of tumor tissue during breast conserving surgery (BCS) is a prevalent diagnosis usually requiring a second surgical procedure. These follow-up procedures increase the risk of morbidity and delay the use of adjuvant therapy; thus, significant efforts are underway to develop new intraoperative strategies for margin assessment to eliminate re-excision procedures. One strategy under development uses topical application of dual probe staining and a fluorescence imaging strategy termed dual probe difference specimen imaging (DDSI). DDSI uses a receptor-targeted fluorescent probe and an untargeted, spectrally-distinct fluorescent companion imaging agent topically applied to fresh resected specimens, where the fluorescence from each probe is imaged and a normalized difference image is computed to identify tumor-target distribution in the specimen margins. While previous reports suggested this approach is a promising new tool for surgical guidance, advancing the approach into the clinic requires methodical protocol optimization and further validation. METHODS In the present study, we used breast cancer xenografts and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to evaluate a wide range of staining and imaging parameters, and completed a prospective validation study on multiple tumor phenotypes with different target expression. Imaging fluorophore-probe pair, concentration, and incubation times were systematically optimized using n=6 tissue specimen replicates per staining condition. Resulting tumor vs. normal adipose tissue diagnostic performance were reported and staining patterns were validated via receptor specific immunohistochemistry colocalization. Optimal staining conditions were tested in receptor positive and receptor negative cohorts to confirm specificity. RESULTS The optimal staining conditions were found to be a one minute stain in a 200 nM probe solution (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.97), where the choice of fluorescent label combination did not significantly affect the diagnostic performance. Using an optimal threshold value determined from ROC curve analysis on a training data set, a prospective study on xenografts resulted in an AUC=0.95 for receptor positive tumors and an AUC = 0.50 for receptor negative (control) tumors, confirming the diagnostic performance of this novel imaging technique. CONCLUSIONS DDSI provides a robust, molecularly specific imaging methodology for identifying tumor tissue over benign mammary adipose tissue. Using a dual probe imaging strategy, nonspecific accumulation of targeted probe was corrected for and tumor vs. normal tissue diagnostic potential was improved, circumventing difficulties with ex vivo tissue specimen staining and allowing for rapid clinical translation of this promising technology for tumor margin detection during BCS procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vincent M. Rossi
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - Scott C. Davis
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - Summer L. Gibbs
- Biomedical Engineering Department
- Knight Cancer Institute
- OHSU Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201
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34
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Diner I, Dooyema J, Gearing M, Walker LC, Seyfried NT. Generation of Clickable Pittsburgh Compound B for the Detection and Capture of β-Amyloid in Alzheimer's Disease Brain. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:2627-2637. [PMID: 28862836 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The benzothiazole-aniline derivative Pittsburgh Compound B (PiB) is the prototypical amyloid affinity probe developed for the in vivo positron emission tomography (PET) detection of amyloid beta (Aβ) deposits in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Specific high-affinity binding sites for PiB have been found to vary among AD cases with comparable Aβ load, and they are virtually absent on human-sequence Aβ deposits in animal models, none of which develop the full phenotype of AD. PiB thus could be an informative probe for studying the pathobiology of Aβ, but little is known about the localization of PiB binding at the molecular or structural level. By functionalizing the 6-hydroxy position of PiB with a PEG3 spacer and a terminal alkyne (propargyl) moiety, we have developed a clickable PiB compound that was derivatized with commercially available azide-labeled fluorophores or affinity-tags using copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reactions, commonly referred to as "click" chemistry. We have determined that both the clickable PiB derivative and its fluorescently labeled conjugate have low nanomolar binding affinities for synthetic Aβ aggregates. Furthermore, the fluorescent-PiB conjugate can effectively bind Aβ aggregates in human AD brain homogenates and tissue sections. By covalently coupling PiB to magnetic beads, Aβ aggregates were also affinity-captured from AD brain extracts. Thus, the clickable PiB derivative described herein can be used to generate a wide variety of covalent conjugates, with applications including the fluorescence detection of Aβ, the ultrastructural localization of PiB binding, and the affinity capture and structural characterization of Aβ and other cofactors from AD brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Diner
- Department of Biochemistry, ‡Yerkes National Primate Research Center, §Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and ∥Department of Neurology, Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Jeromy Dooyema
- Department of Biochemistry, ‡Yerkes National Primate Research Center, §Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and ∥Department of Neurology, Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Marla Gearing
- Department of Biochemistry, ‡Yerkes National Primate Research Center, §Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and ∥Department of Neurology, Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Lary C Walker
- Department of Biochemistry, ‡Yerkes National Primate Research Center, §Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and ∥Department of Neurology, Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Nicholas T Seyfried
- Department of Biochemistry, ‡Yerkes National Primate Research Center, §Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and ∥Department of Neurology, Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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Near-infrared autofluorescence induced by intraplaque hemorrhage and heme degradation as marker for high-risk atherosclerotic plaques. Nat Commun 2017; 8:75. [PMID: 28706202 PMCID: PMC5509677 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00138-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a major cause of mortality and morbidity, which is mainly driven by complications such as myocardial infarction and stroke. These complications are caused by thrombotic arterial occlusion localized at the site of high-risk atherosclerotic plaques, of which early detection and therapeutic stabilization are urgently needed. Here we show that near-infrared autofluorescence is associated with the presence of intraplaque hemorrhage and heme degradation products, particularly bilirubin by using our recently created mouse model, which uniquely reflects plaque instability as seen in humans, and human carotid endarterectomy samples. Fluorescence emission computed tomography detecting near-infrared autofluorescence allows in vivo monitoring of intraplaque hemorrhage, establishing a preclinical technology to assess and monitor plaque instability and thereby test potential plaque-stabilizing drugs. We suggest that near-infrared autofluorescence imaging is a novel technology that allows identification of atherosclerotic plaques with intraplaque hemorrhage and ultimately holds promise for detection of high-risk plaques in patients. Atherosclerosis diagnosis relies primarily on imaging and early detection of high-risk atherosclerotic plaques is important for risk stratification of patients and stabilization therapies. Here Htun et al. demonstrate that vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques generate near-infrared autofluorescence that can be detected via emission computed tomography.
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36
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Jo D, Hyun H. Structure-Inherent Targeting of Near-Infrared Fluorophores for Image-Guided Surgery. Chonnam Med J 2017; 53:95-102. [PMID: 28584787 PMCID: PMC5457957 DOI: 10.4068/cmj.2017.53.2.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Although various clinical imaging modalities have been developed to visualize internal body structures and detect abnormal tissues prior to surgical procedures, most medical imaging modalities do not provide disease-specific images in real-time. Optical imaging can provide the surgeon with real-time visualization of the surgical field for intraoperative image-guided surgery. Imaging in the near-infrared (NIR) window (650-900 nm), also known as the "therapeutic window" has high potential by offering low absorbance and scattering in tissues resulting in minimized background autofluorescence. Clinically, optical fluorescence imaging with the targeted contrast agents provides opportunities for significant advances in intraoperative image-guided surgery. There are only two clinically available NIR fluorophores, indocyanine green (ICG) and methylene blue (MB), that support the image-guided surgery. However, neither of them perform in vivo by providing optimum specificity and stability for targeted image guidance. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to develop targeted NIR fluorophores for unmet clinical needs. Using the right combination of an NIR fluorescence imaging system and a targeted fluorophore, the desired target tissues can be imaged to provide real-time fluorescence guidance without changing the field-of-view during surgery. Thus, in a clinical discipline, the development of NIR fluorophores for 'structure-inherent targeting' is an unmet need for early phase diagnostics with accurate targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danbi Jo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hoon Hyun
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
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37
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Summer D, Grossrubatscher L, Petrik M, Michalcikova T, Novy Z, Rangger C, Klingler M, Haas H, Kaeopookum P, von Guggenberg E, Haubner R, Decristoforo C. Developing Targeted Hybrid Imaging Probes by Chelator Scaffolding. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:1722-1733. [PMID: 28462989 PMCID: PMC5481817 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) as well as optical imaging (OI) with peptide receptor targeting probes have proven their value for oncological applications but also show restrictions depending on the clinical field of interest. Therefore, the combination of both methods, particularly in a single molecule, could improve versatility in clinical routine. This proof of principle study aims to show that a chelator, Fusarinine C (FSC), can be utilized as scaffold for novel dimeric dual-modality imaging agents. Two targeting vectors (a minigastrin analogue (MG11) targeting cholecystokinin-2 receptor overexpression (CCK2R) or integrin αVβ3 targeting cyclic pentapeptides (RGD)) and a near-infrared fluorophore (Sulfo-Cyanine7) were conjugated to FSC. The probes were efficiently labeled with gallium-68 and in vitro experiments including determination of logD, stability, protein binding, cell binding, internalization, and biodistribution studies as well as in vivo micro-PET/CT and optical imaging in U-87MG αVβ3- and A431-CCK2R expressing tumor xenografted mice were carried out. Novel bioconjugates showed high receptor affinity and highly specific targeting properties at both receptors. Ex vivo biodistribution and micro-PET/CT imaging studies revealed specific tumor uptake accompanied by slow blood clearance and retention in nontargeted tissues (spleen, liver, and kidneys) leading to visualization of tumors at early (30 to 120 min p.i.). Excellent contrast in corresponding optical imaging studies was achieved especially at delayed time points (24 to 72 h p.i.). Our findings show the proof of principle of chelator scaffolding for hybrid imaging agents and demonstrate FSC being a suitable bifunctional chelator for this approach. Improvements to fine-tune pharmacokinetics are needed to translate this into a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Summer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck , Anichstrasse 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Leo Grossrubatscher
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck , Anichstrasse 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Milos Petrik
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc , Hnevotinska 5, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Michalcikova
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc , Hnevotinska 5, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Novy
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc , Hnevotinska 5, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Christine Rangger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck , Anichstrasse 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Maximilian Klingler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck , Anichstrasse 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hubertus Haas
- Division of Molecular Biology/Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck , Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Piriya Kaeopookum
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck , Anichstrasse 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.,Ministry of Science, Technology (MOST), Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (TINT) , Nakhonnayok 26120, Thailand
| | - Elisabeth von Guggenberg
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck , Anichstrasse 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Roland Haubner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck , Anichstrasse 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Clemens Decristoforo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck , Anichstrasse 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Hong SH, Kim H, Choi Y. Indocyanine green-loaded hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles as an activatable theranostic agent. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:185102. [PMID: 28393763 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa66b0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Here we report indocyanine green (ICG)-loaded hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (ICG@HMSNP) as an activatable theranostic platform. Near-infrared fluorescence and singlet oxygen generation of ICG@HMSNP was effectively quenched (i.e. turned off) in its native state because of the fluorescence resonance energy transfer between ICG molecules. Therefore, ICG@HMSNP was nonfluorescent and nonphototoxic in the extracellular region. After the nanoparticles entered the cancer cells via endocytosis, they became highly fluorescent and phototoxic. In addition, intracellular uptake of ICG@HMSNP was 2.75 times higher than that of free ICG, resulting in an enhanced phototherapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk Ho Hong
- Molecular Imaging & Therapy Branch, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10408, Republic of Korea
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Novel approach for the detection of intraperitoneal micrometastasis using an ovarian cancer mouse model. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40989. [PMID: 28120873 PMCID: PMC5264387 DOI: 10.1038/srep40989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with epithelial ovarian cancer have the best overall survival when maximal surgical effort is accomplished. However, despite numerous technological advances, surgery still relies primarily on white-light reflectance and the surgeon’s vision. As such, micrometastases are usually missed and most patients clinically classified as a complete responder eventually recur and succumb to the disease. Our objective is to develop optical enhancers which can aid in the visualization of ovarian cancer micrometastasis. To this end we developed a nanoparticle (NP) platform, which is specifically targeted to the tumor microenvironment. Targeting is achieved by coating FDA-approved PLGA-PEG NP with the peptide sequence RGD, which binds with high affinity to αVβ3 integrins present in both the tumor-associated neovasculature and on the surface of ovarian cancer cells. Administration of the NP platform carrying fluorescent dyes to mice bearing intraperitoneal ovarian cancer allowed visualization of tumor-associated vasculature and its contrast against normal blood vessels. More importantly, we demonstrate the visualization of intraperitoneal ovarian cancer micrometastasis as small as 100 μm with optimal resolution. Finally, we demonstrate that the fluorescent dye cargo was able to penetrate intra-tumorally. Such modality could be used to allow microscopic surgical debulking to assure maximal surgical effort.
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40
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Near infrared fluorescent imaging of brain tumor with IR780 dye incorporated phospholipid nanoparticles. J Transl Med 2017; 15:18. [PMID: 28114956 PMCID: PMC5260002 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-1115-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Near-IR fluorescence (NIRF) imaging is becoming a promising approach in preclinical tumor detection and clinical image-guided oncological surgery. While heptamethine cyanine dye IR780 has excellent tumor targeting and imaging potential, its hydrophobic property limits its clinical use. In this study, we developed nanoparticle formulations to facilitate the use of IR780 for fluorescent imaging of malignant brain tumor. Methods Self-assembled IR780-liposomes and IR780-phospholipid micelles were prepared and their NIRF properties were characterized. The intracellular accumulation of IR780-nanoparticles in glioma cells were determined using confocal microscopy. The in vivo brain tumor targeting and NIRF imaging capacity of IR780-nanoparticles were evaluated using U87MG glioma ectopic and orthotopic xenograft models and a spontaneous glioma mouse model driven by RAS/RTK activation. Results The loading of IR780 into liposomes or phospholipid micelles was efficient. The particle diameter of IR780-liposomes and IR780-phospholipid micelles were 95 and 26 nm, respectively. While stock solutions of each preparation were maintained at ready-to-use condition, the IR780-phospholipid micelles were more stable. In tissue culture cells, IR780-nanoparticles prepared by either method accumulated in mitochondria, however, in animals the IR780-phospholipid micelles showed enhanced intra-tumoral accumulation in U87MG ectopic tumors. Moreover, IR780-phospholipid micelles also showed preferred intracranial tumor accumulation and potent NIRF signal intensity in glioma orthotopic models at a real-time, non-invasive manner. Conclusion The IR780-phospholipid micelles demonstrated tumor-specific NIRF imaging capacity in glioma preclinical mouse models, providing great potential for clinical imaging and image-guided surgery of brain tumors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-016-1115-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Barth CW, Gibbs SL. Direct Administration of Nerve-Specific Contrast to Improve Nerve Sparing Radical Prostatectomy. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:573-593. [PMID: 28255352 PMCID: PMC5327635 DOI: 10.7150/thno.17433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nerve damage remains a major morbidity following nerve sparing radical prostatectomy, significantly affecting quality of life post-surgery. Nerve-specific fluorescence guided surgery offers a potential solution by enhancing nerve visualization intraoperatively. However, the prostate is highly innervated and only the cavernous nerve structures require preservation to maintain continence and potency. Systemic administration of a nerve-specific fluorophore would lower nerve signal to background ratio (SBR) in vital nerve structures, making them difficult to distinguish from all nervous tissue in the pelvic region. A direct administration methodology to enable selective nerve highlighting for enhanced nerve SBR in a specific nerve structure has been developed herein. The direct administration methodology demonstrated equivalent nerve-specific contrast to systemic administration at optimal exposure times. However, the direct administration methodology provided a brighter fluorescent nerve signal, facilitating nerve-specific fluorescence imaging at video rate, which was not possible following systemic administration. Additionally, the direct administration methodology required a significantly lower fluorophore dose than systemic administration, that when scaled to a human dose falls within the microdosing range. Furthermore, a dual fluorophore tissue staining method was developed that alleviates fluorescence background signal from adipose tissue accumulation using a spectrally distinct adipose tissue specific fluorophore. These results validate the use of the direct administration methodology for specific nerve visualization with fluorescence image-guided surgery, which would improve vital nerve structure identification and visualization during nerve sparing radical prostatectomy.
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42
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Yao S, Kim B, Yue X, Colon Gomez MY, Bondar MV, Belfield KD. Synthesis of Near-Infrared Fluorescent Two-Photon-Absorbing Fluorenyl Benzothiadiazole and Benzoselenadiazole Derivatives. ACS OMEGA 2016; 1:1149-1156. [PMID: 31457186 PMCID: PMC6640770 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.6b00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A series of dyes 2-5 based on 5-thienyl-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole and 5-thienyl-2,1,3-benzoselenadiazole cores were synthesized as near-infrared-emitting two-photon-absorbing fluorophores. Fluorescence maxima wavelengths as long as 714 nm and quantum yields as high as 0.67 were realized. The fluorescence quantum yields of dyes 2-4 were nearly constant, regardless of solvent polarity. These diazoles exhibited large Stokes shifts (>110 nm) and high two-photon figure of merit. Cells incubated on a 3D scaffold with probe 4 (encapsulated in Pluronic micelles) exhibited bright fluorescence, enabling 3D two-photon fluorescence imaging to a depth of 100 μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yao
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, P.O. Box 162366, Orlando, Florida 32816-2366, United States
| | - Bosung Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, P.O. Box 162366, Orlando, Florida 32816-2366, United States
| | - Xiling Yue
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, P.O. Box 162366, Orlando, Florida 32816-2366, United States
| | - Maria Y. Colon Gomez
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, P.O. Box 162366, Orlando, Florida 32816-2366, United States
| | | | - Kevin D. Belfield
- Department
of Chemistry and Environmental Science, College of Science and Liberal
Arts, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 323 MLK Blvd.,
University Heights, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi
Normal University, Xi’an 710062, P. R. China
- E-mail: (K.D.B.)
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Owens EA, Henary M, El Fakhri G, Choi HS. Tissue-Specific Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging. Acc Chem Res 2016; 49:1731-40. [PMID: 27564418 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence light has been widely utilized in clinical imaging by providing surgeons highly specific images of target tissue. The "NIR window" from 650 to 900 nm is especially useful due to several special features such as minimal autofluorescence and absorption of biomolecules in tissue, as well as low light scattering. Compared with visible wavelengths, NIR fluorescence light is invisible, thus allowing highly sensitivity real-time image guidance in human surgery without changing the surgical field. The benefit of using NIR fluorescence light as a clinical imaging technology can be attributed to its molecular fluorescence as an exogenous contrast agent. Indeed, whole body preoperative imaging of single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) remains important in diagnostic utility, but they lack the efficacy of innocuous and targeted NIR fluorophores to simultaneously facilitate the real-time delineation of diseased tissue while preserving vital tissues. Admittedly, NIR imaging technology has been slow to enter clinical use mostly due to the late-coming development of truly breakthrough contrast agents for use with current imaging systems. Therefore, clearly defining the physical margins of tumorous tissue remains of paramount importance in bioimaging and targeted therapy. An equally noteworthy yet less researched goal is the ability to outline healthy vital tissues that should be carefully navigated without transection during the intraoperative surgery. Both of these paths require optimizing a gauntlet of design considerations to obtain not only an effective imaging agent in the NIR window but also high molecular brightness, water solubility, biocompatibility, and tissue-specific targetability. The imaging community recognizes three strategic approaches which include (1) passive targeting via the EPR effect, (2) active targeting using the innate overall biodistribution of known molecules, and (3) activatable targeting through an internal stimulus, which turns on fluorescence from an off state. Recent advances in nanomedicine and bioimaging offer much needed promise toward fulfilling these stringent requirements as we develop a successful catalog of targeted contrast agents for illuminating both tumors and vital tissues in the same surgical space by employing spectrally distinct fluorophores in real time. These tissue-specific contrast agents can be versatile arsenals to physicians for real-time intraoperative navigation as well as image-guided targeted therapy. There is a versatile library of tissue-specific fluorophores available in the literature, with many discussed herein, which offers clinicians an array of possibilities that will undoubtedly improve intraoperative success and long-term postoperation prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A. Owens
- Department
of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Maged Henary
- Department
of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Georges El Fakhri
- Gordon
Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Hak Soo Choi
- Gordon
Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
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44
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Dual PET and Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging Probes as Tools for Imaging in Oncology. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2016; 207:266-73. [PMID: 27223168 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.16.16181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this article is to summarize advances in PET fluorescence resolution, agent design, and preclinical imaging that make a growing case for clinical PET fluorescence imaging. CONCLUSION Existing SPECT, PET, fluorescence, and MRI contrast imaging techniques are already deeply integrated into the management of cancer, from initial diagnosis to the observation and management of metastases. Combined positron-emitting fluorescent contrast agents can convey new or substantial benefits that improve on these proven clinical contrast agents.
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45
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Barth CW, Gibbs SL. Visualizing Oxazine 4 nerve-specific fluorescence ex vivo in frozen tissue sections. PROCEEDINGS OF SPIE--THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR OPTICAL ENGINEERING 2016; 9696. [PMID: 32255889 DOI: 10.1117/12.2214204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Nerve damage plagues surgical outcomes and remains a major burden for patients, surgeons, and the healthcare system. Fluorescence image-guided surgery using nerve specific small molecule fluorophores offers a solution to diminish surgical nerve damage through improved intraoperative nerve identification and visualization. Oxazine 4 has shown superior nerve specificity in initial testing in vivo, while exhibiting a red shifted excitation and emission spectra compared to other nerve-specific fluorophores. However, Oxazine 4 does not exhibit near-infrared (NIR) excitation and emission, which would be ideal to improve penetration depth and nerve signal to background ratios for in vivo imaging. Successful development of a NIR nerve-specific fluorophore will require understanding of the molecular target of fluorophore nerve specificity. While previous small molecule nerve-specific fluorophores have demonstrated excellent ex vivo nerve specificity, Oxazine 4 ex vivo nerve specific fluorescence has been difficult to visualize. In the present study, we examined each step of the ex vivo fluorescence microscopy sample preparation procedure to discover how in vivo nerve-specific fluorescence is changed during ex vivo tissue sample preparation. Through step-by-step examination we found that Oxazine 4 fluorescence was significantly diminished by washing and mounting tissue sections for microscopy. A method to preserve Oxazine 4 nerve specific fluorescence ex vivo was determined, which can be utilized for visualization by fluorescence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor W Barth
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201
| | - Summer L Gibbs
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201.,OHSU Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201
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46
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Lehtivuori H, Bhattacharya S, Angenent-Mari NM, Satyshur KA, Forest KT. Removal of Chromophore-Proximal Polar Atoms Decreases Water Content and Increases Fluorescence in a Near Infrared Phytofluor. Front Mol Biosci 2015; 2:65. [PMID: 26636092 PMCID: PMC4658570 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2015.00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetically encoded fluorescent markers have revolutionized cell and molecular biology due to their biological compatibility, controllable spatiotemporal expression, and photostability. To achieve in vivo imaging in whole animals, longer excitation wavelength probes are needed due to the superior ability of near infrared light to penetrate tissues unimpeded by absorbance from biomolecules or autofluorescence of water. Derived from near infrared-absorbing bacteriophytochromes, phytofluors are engineered to fluoresce in this region of the electromagnetic spectrum, although high quantum yield remains an elusive goal. An invariant aspartate residue is of utmost importance for photoconversion in native phytochromes, presumably due to the proximity of its backbone carbonyl to the pyrrole ring nitrogens of the biliverdin (BV) chromophore as well as the size and charge of the side chain. We hypothesized that the polar interaction network formed by the charged side chain may contribute to the decay of the excited state via proton transfer. Thus, we chose to further probe the role of this amino acid by removing all possibility for polar interactions with its carboxylate side chain by incorporating leucine instead. The resultant fluorescent protein, WiPhy2, maintains BV binding, monomeric status, and long maximum excitation wavelength while minimizing undesirable protoporphyrin IXα binding in cells. A crystal structure and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy reveal that water near the BV chromophore is excluded and thus validate our hypothesis that removal of polar interactions leads to enhanced fluorescence by increasing the lifetime of the excited state. This new phytofluor maintains its fluorescent properties over a broad pH range and does not suffer from photobleaching. WiPhy2 achieves the best compromise to date between high fluorescence quantum yield and long illumination wavelength in this class of fluorescent proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heli Lehtivuori
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, WI, USA ; Department of Physics, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä, Finland
| | | | | | - Kenneth A Satyshur
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, WI, USA
| | - Katrina T Forest
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, WI, USA
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Hackman KM, Doddapaneni BS, Barth CW, Wierzbicki IH, Alani AWG, Gibbs SL. Polymeric Micelles as Carriers for Nerve-Highlighting Fluorescent Probe Delivery. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:4386-94. [PMID: 26485440 PMCID: PMC4674818 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
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Nerve
damage during surgery is a common morbidity experienced by patients
that leaves them with chronic pain and/or loss of function. Currently,
no clinically approved imaging technique exists to enhance nerve visualization
in the operating room. Fluorescence image-guided surgery has gained
in popularity and clinical acceptance over the past decade with a
handful of imaging systems approved for clinical use. However, contrast
agent development to complement these fluorescence-imaging systems
has lagged behind with all currently approved fluorescent agents providing
untargeted blood pool information. Nerve-specific fluorophores are
known, however translations of these agents to the clinic has been
complicated by their lipophilic nature, which necessitates specialized
formulation strategies for successful systemic administration. To
date the known nerve-specific fluorophores have only been demonstrated
preclinically due to the necessity of a dimethyl sulfoxide containing
formulation for solubilization. In the current study, a polymeric
micellar (PM) formulation strategy was developed for a representative
nerve-specific fluorophore from the distyrylbenzene family, BMB. The
PM formulation strategy was able to solubilize BMB and demonstrated
improved nerve-specific accumulation and fluorescence intensity when
the same fluorophore dose was administered to mice utilizing the previous
formulation strategy. The success of the PM formulation strategy will
be important for moving toward clinical translation of these novel
nerve-specific probes as it is nontoxic and biodegradable and has
the potential to decrease the necessary dose for imaging while also
improving the safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bhuvana Shyam Doddapaneni
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University , 2730 SW Moody Avenue, CL5CP Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | | | - Igor H Wierzbicki
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University , 2730 SW Moody Avenue, CL5CP Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Adam W G Alani
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University , 2730 SW Moody Avenue, CL5CP Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
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Cohen AS, Patek R, Enkemann SA, Johnson JO, Chen T, Toloza E, Vagner J, Morse DL. Delta-Opioid Receptor (δOR) Targeted Near-Infrared Fluorescent Agent for Imaging of Lung Cancer: Synthesis and Evaluation In Vitro and In Vivo. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 27:427-38. [PMID: 26488422 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In the United States, lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death and ranks second in the number of new cases annually among all types of cancers. Better methods or tools for diagnosing and treating this disease are needed to improve patient outcomes. The delta-opioid receptor (δOR) is reported to be overexpressed in lung cancers and not expressed in normal lung. Thus, we decided to develop a lung cancer-specific imaging agent targeting this receptor. We have previously developed a δOR-targeted fluorescent imaging agent based on a synthetic peptide antagonist (Dmt-Tic) conjugated to a Cy5 fluorescent dye. In this work, we describe the synthesis of Dmt-Tic conjugated to a longer wavelength near-infrared fluorescent (NIRF) dye, Li-cor IR800CW. Binding affinity of Dmt-Tic-IR800 for the δOR was studied using lanthanide time-resolved fluorescence (LTRF) competitive binding assays in cells engineered to overexpress the δOR. In addition, we identified lung cancer cell lines with high and low endogenous expression of the δOR. We confirmed protein expression in these cell lines using confocal fluorescence microscopy imaging and used this technique to estimate the cell-surface receptor number in the endogenously expressing lung cancer cell lines. The selectivity of Dmt-Tic-IR800 for imaging of the δOR in vivo was shown using both engineered cell lines and endogenously expressing lung cancer cells in subcutaneous xenograft models in mice. In conclusion, the δOR-specific fluorescent probe developed in this study displays excellent potential for imaging of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Renata Patek
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | | | | | | | - Eric Toloza
- Departments of Surgery and of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine , Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Josef Vagner
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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49
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Wang J, Choi HS, Wáng YXJ. Exponential growth of publications on carbon nanodots by Chinese authors. J Thorac Dis 2015; 7:E201-5. [PMID: 26380753 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2015.06.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Publication statistics was retrieved on carbon nanodots (C-dots) from 2004 up till 2014 using the web of Science(TM) search engine. The number of publications from Chinese authors increased exponentially during this period. Till 2014 China mainland authors contributed 47% of the total publications. Publications on pharmacology and toxicology lagged far behind the publications on chemistry and material science, indicating that research is not solidly moving toward the direction of application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqing Wang
- 1 Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 2 Center for Molecular Imaging, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Hak Soo Choi
- 1 Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 2 Center for Molecular Imaging, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Yì-Xiáng J Wáng
- 1 Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 2 Center for Molecular Imaging, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
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50
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Wang J, Zhang P, Huang C, Liu G, Leung KCF, Wáng YXJ. High Performance Photoluminescent Carbon Dots for In Vitro and In Vivo Bioimaging: Effect of Nitrogen Doping Ratios. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:8063-73. [PMID: 26135003 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b01875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Photoluminescent carbon dots (CDs) have received ever-increasing attention in the application of optical bioimaging because of their low toxicity, tunable fluorescent properties, and ultracompact size. We report for the first time on enhanced photoluminescence (PL) performance influenced by structure effects among the various types of nitrogen doped (N-doped) PL CDs. These CDs were facilely synthesized from condensation carbonization of linear polyethylenic amine (PEA) analogues and citric acid (CA) of different ratios. Detailed structural and property studies demonstrated that either the structures or the molar ratio of PEAs altered the PL properties of the CDs. The content of conjugated π-domains with C═N in the carbon backbone was correlated with their PL Quantum Yield (QY) (up to 69%). The hybridization between the surface/molecule state and the carbon backbone synergistically affected the chemical/physical properties. Also, long-chain polyethylenic amine (PEA) molecule-doped CDs exhibit increasing photostability, but at the expense of PL efficiency, proving that the PL emission of high QY CDs arise not only from the sp(2)/sp(3) carbon core and surface passivation of CDs, but also from the molecular fluorophores integrated in the CDs. In vitro and in vivo bioimaging of these N-doped CDs showed strong photoluminescence signals. Good biocompatibility demonstrates their potential feasibility for bioimaging applications. In addition, the overall size profile of the as-prepared CDs is comparable to the average size of capillary pores in normal living tissues (∼5 nm). Our study provides valuable insights into the effects of the PEA doping ratios on photoluminescence efficiency, biocompatibility, cellular uptake, and optical bioimaging of CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqing Wang
- †Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | | | | | | | - Ken Cham-Fai Leung
- §Department of Chemistry and Partner State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, The Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Yì Xiáng J Wáng
- †Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
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