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Kang MS, Park TE, Jo HJ, Kang MS, Lee SB, Hong SW, Kim KS, Han DW. Recent Trends in Macromolecule-Based Approaches for Hair Loss Treatment. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2300148. [PMID: 37245081 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Macromolecules are large, complex molecules composed of smaller subunits known as monomers. The four primary categories of macromolecules found in living organisms are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids; they also encompass a broad range of natural and synthetic polymers. Recent studies have shown that biologically active macromolecules can help regenerate hair, providing a potential solution for current hair regeneration therapies. This review examines the latest developments in the use of macromolecules for the treatment of hair loss. The fundamental principles of hair follicle (HF) morphogenesis, hair shaft (HS) development, hair cycle regulation, and alopecia have been introduced. Microneedle (MN) and nanoparticle (NP) delivery systems are innovative treatments for hair loss. Additionally, the application of macromolecule-based tissue-engineered scaffolds for the in vitro and in vivo neogenesis of HFs is discussed. Furthermore, a new research direction is explored wherein artificial skin platforms are adopted as a promising screening method for hair loss treatment drugs. Through these multifaceted approaches, promising aspects of macromolecules for future hair loss treatments are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Sung Kang
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Eon Park
- School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jung Jo
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Seok Kang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Bin Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Suck Won Hong
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
- Engineering Research Center for Color-Modulated Extra-Sensory Perception Technology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Su Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Advanced Organic Materials, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Han
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
- BIO-IT Fusion Technology Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
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Xie X, Zhang B, Zhang B, Zhu H, Qi L, Xu C, Cheng L, Ai Z, Shi Q. Effect of γ-polyglutamic acid on the physicochemical properties of soybean protein isolate-stabilized O/W emulsion. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2023:10820132231158278. [PMID: 36862597 DOI: 10.1177/10820132231158278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
An increased interest has been observed in the application of soybean protein isolate (SPI) into O/W emulsion because of the amphipathic characteristics of SPI. However, at pH around 4.5, SPI was almost lost its hydrophilic characteristic, thus greatly limiting its application in emulsion under an acidic environment. Therefore, this drawback of SPI needs to be urgently solved. This study aims to investigate the effect of γ-polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) on physicochemical properties of SPI-stabilized O/W emulsion. The results suggested that the interaction between γ-PGA and SPI improved the SPI solubility in solution, and increased emulsifying properties of SPI in the pH range of 4.0-5.0 via electrostatic interaction. Meanwhile, the charge neutralisation between SPI emulsions with γ-PGA was confirmed via ζ-potentiometry. With the presence of γ-PGA in emulsion at pH 4.0 and 5.0, the electrostatic complexation between SPI and anionic γ-PGA exhibited decreased the viscosity of SPI emulsion, which might be related to the phenomenon as indicated by the confocal laser scanning microscope measurements. Therefore, the electrostatic complexation between SPI and γ-PGA suggested that the promising potential of γ-PGA to be used in SPI-stabilized O/W emulsion under an acidic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Xie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bei Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bobo Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongshuai Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lei Qi
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chao Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lilin Cheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhilu Ai
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qingshan Shi
- Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Nair P, Navale GR, Dharne MS. Poly-gamma-glutamic acid biopolymer: a sleeping giant with diverse applications and unique opportunities for commercialization. BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY 2023; 13:4555-4573. [PMID: 33824848 PMCID: PMC8016157 DOI: 10.1007/s13399-021-01467-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Poly-gamma-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) is a biodegradable, non-toxic, ecofriendly, and non-immunogenic biopolymer. Its phenomenal properties have gained immense attention in the field of regenerative medicine, the food industry, wastewater treatment, and even in 3D printing bio-ink. The γ-PGA has the potential to replace synthetic non-degradable counterparts, but the main obstacle is the high production cost and lower productivity. Extensive research has been carried out to reduce the production cost by using different waste; however, it is unable to match the commercialization needs. This review focuses on the biosynthetic mechanism of γ-PGA, its production using the synthetic medium as well as different wastes by L-glutamic acid-dependent and independent microbial strains. Furthermore, various metabolic engineering strategies and the recovery processes for γ-PGA and their possible applications are discussed. Finally, highlights on the challenges and unique approaches to reduce the production cost and to increase the productivity for commercialization of γ-PGA are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranav Nair
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- National Collection of Industrial Microorganisms (NCIM), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008 India
| | - Govinda R. Navale
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- National Collection of Industrial Microorganisms (NCIM), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008 India
| | - Mahesh S. Dharne
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- National Collection of Industrial Microorganisms (NCIM), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008 India
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Lee H, Kim H, Kim JH, Park SD, Shim JJ, Lee JL. Lactobacillus paracasei HY7015 and Lycopus lucidus Turcz. Extract Promotes Human Dermal Papilla Cell Cytoprotective Effect and Hair Regrowth Rate in C57BL/6 Mice. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238235. [PMID: 36500327 PMCID: PMC9738319 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hair loss is a disease that requires accurate diagnosis and type-specific medical treatment. Many hair loss treatments have some side effects, such as hormone-related effects, so there is a need for safe and effective hair loss treatment. In this study, we investigated the effects of Lactobacillus paracasei HY7015 (HY7015) and Lycopus lucidus Turcz. (LT) extract on hair regrowth and protection. In vitro experiments were conducted to assess the effects of HY7015 and/or LT extract on human follicle dermal papilla cells (HFDPC) of cytoprotective functions such as proliferations, antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, and growth factor expressions. In animal experiments, we investigated hair regrowth rate, hair follicle formation and secretion of growth factors in telogenic C57BL/6 mice. We confirmed the cytoprotective effects of HY7015 and LT through regulations of proliferation, SOD and IL-1β in HFDPC. In mouse experiments, oral administration of HY7015 and LT promoted hair regrowth as well as hair follicle maturation in the dermal skin of C57BL/6 mice, and upregulated VEGF and IGF-1 growth factor levels in mouse serum. In summary, our data demonstrate that ingestions of HY7015 and LT can promote hair regrowth by enhancing cytoprotective effects and expressions of growth factors.
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Li F, Liu H, Wu X, Liu M, Yue Z, Liu L, Li F. Copper Modulates Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation to Enhance Dermal Papilla Cells Proliferation in Rex Rabbits. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116209. [PMID: 35682888 PMCID: PMC9181294 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an important coenzyme factor in cell signaling, such as cytochrome c oxidase (Complex IV). Metabolism plays an important role in regulating the fate of mammalian cells. The aim of this study is to experimentally investigate the effect of copper on cell metabolism in the dermal papilla cells of the Rex rabbit. In this study, Cu promoted proliferation of dermal papilla cells (p = 0.0008) while also increasing levels of cellular CIII, CIV, Complex IV and ATP. Moreover, fifty metabolites that were significantly different between Cu and controls were identified as potential biomarkers of Cu stimulation. Copper-stimulated cells had altered levels of arachidonic acid derivatives, S-glutamic acid, and citric acid, which were primarily linked to two different pathways: arachidonic acid metabolism (p < 0.0001) and alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism (p = 0.0003). The addition of Cu can increase the proliferation of Rex rabbit dermal papilla cells. Increased levels of ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase complex core protein 2 (CIII) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CIV) were associated with the increased levels of cellular cytochrome c oxidase (Complex IV) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In a word, copper promotes cell proliferation by maintaining the function of the cellular mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (F.L.); (H.L.); (X.W.); (M.L.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Hongli Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (F.L.); (H.L.); (X.W.); (M.L.); (Z.Y.)
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Specialty Animal Germplasm Resources Exploration and Innovation, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Xiaojing Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (F.L.); (H.L.); (X.W.); (M.L.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Mengqi Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (F.L.); (H.L.); (X.W.); (M.L.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Zhengkai Yue
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (F.L.); (H.L.); (X.W.); (M.L.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Lei Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (F.L.); (H.L.); (X.W.); (M.L.); (Z.Y.)
- Correspondence: (L.L.); (F.L.)
| | - Fuchang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (F.L.); (H.L.); (X.W.); (M.L.); (Z.Y.)
- Correspondence: (L.L.); (F.L.)
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Aponte M, Murru N, Shoukat M. Therapeutic, Prophylactic, and Functional Use of Probiotics: A Current Perspective. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:562048. [PMID: 33042069 PMCID: PMC7516994 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.562048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are considered as the twenty-first century panpharmacon due to their competent remedial power to cure from gastrointestinal dysbiosis, systematic metabolic diseases, and genetic impairments up to complicated neurodegenerative disorders. They paved the way for an innovative managing of various severe diseases through palatable food products. The probiotics' role as a "bio-therapy" increased their significance in food and medicine due to many competitive advantages over traditional treatment therapies. Their prophylactic and therapeutic potential has been assessed through hundreds of preclinical and clinical studies. In addition, the food industry employs probiotics as functional and nutraceutical ingredients to enhance the added value of food product in terms of increased health benefits. However, regardless of promising health-boosting effects, the probiotics' efficacy still needs an in-depth understanding of systematic mechanisms and factors supporting the healthy actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Aponte
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Murru
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Mahtab Shoukat
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
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Park DW, Lee HS, Shim MS, Yum KJ, Seo JT. Do Kimchi and Cheonggukjang Probiotics as a Functional Food Improve Androgenetic Alopecia? A Clinical Pilot Study. World J Mens Health 2019; 38:95-102. [PMID: 31385480 PMCID: PMC6920077 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.180119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Probiotic supplementation demonstrates beneficial effects on serum lipid profiles. We hypothesized that probiotics could benefit patients presenting with alopecia, secondary to improved blood flow to the scalp. MATERIALS AND METHODS Our study included men with stage II to V patterns of hair loss based on the Hamilton-Norwood classification and women with stage I to III patterns of hair loss based on the Ludwig classification. All patients were administered 80 mL of Mogut® (a kimchi and cheonggukjang probiotic product) twice a day. Hair growth and numbers were measured using the Triple Scope System® (KC Technology, Korea) at baseline and after 1 and 4 months of administration of a kimchi and cheonggukjang probiotic product. RESULTS At baseline, the mean hair count was 85.98±20.54 hairs/cm² and the mean thickness was 0.062±0.011 mm in all patients (n=46). Hair count and thickness had significantly increased at 1 month (90.28±16.13 hairs/cm² and 0.068±0.008 mm, respectively) and at 4 months (91.54±16.29 hairs/cm² and 0.066±0.009 mm, respectively). In this study, we found that a kimchi and cheonggukjang probiotic product could promote hair growth and reverse hair loss without associated adverse effects such as diarrhea. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that the observed improvements in hair count and thickness resulted from initiation of the anagen phase in hair follicles in response to probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wook Park
- Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Cheil General Hospital & Women's Healthcare Center, Dankook University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo Serk Lee
- Department of Urology, Cheil General Hospital & Women's Healthcare Center, Dankook University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | - Ju Tae Seo
- Department of Urology, Cheil General Hospital & Women's Healthcare Center, Dankook University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Lee HJ, Kwon HK, Kim HS, Kim MI, Park HJ. Hair Growth Promoting Effect of 4HGF Encapsulated with PGA Nanoparticles (PGA-4HGF) by β-Catenin Activation and Its Related Cell Cycle Molecules. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3447. [PMID: 31337050 PMCID: PMC6678797 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA)-based nanoparticles draw remarkable attention as drug delivery agents due to their controlled release characteristics, low toxicity, and biocompatibility. 4HGF is an herbal mixture of Phellinus linteus grown on germinated brown rice, Cordyceps militaris grown on germinated soybeans, Polygonum multiflorum, Ficus carica, and Cocos nucifera oil. Here, we encapsulated 4HGF within PGA-based hydrogel nanoparticles, prepared by simple ionic gelation with chitosan, to facilitate its penetration into hair follicles (HFs). In this study, we report the hair promoting activity of 4HGF encapsulated with PGA nanoparticles (PGA-4HGF) and their mechanism, compared to 4HGF alone. The average size of spherical nanoparticles was ~400 nm in diameter. Continuous release of PGA-4HGF was observed in a simulated physiological condition. As expected, PGA-4HGF treatment increased hair length, induced earlier anagen initiation, and elongated the duration of the anagen phase in C57BL/6N mice, compared with free 4HGF treatment. PGA-4HGF significantly increased dermal papilla cell proliferation and induced cell cycle progression. PGA-4HGF also significantly increased the total amount of β-catenin protein expression, a stimulator of the anagen phase, through induction of cyclinD1 and CDK4 protein levels, compared to free 4HGF treatment. Our findings underscore the potential of PGA nanocapsules to efficiently deliver 4HGF into HFs, hence promoting hair-growth. Therefore, PGA-4HGF nanoparticles may be promising therapeutic agents for hair growth disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Ji Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Korea
| | - Ha-Kyoung Kwon
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Korea
| | - Hye Su Kim
- Department of BioNano Technology, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Korea
| | - Moon Il Kim
- Department of BioNano Technology, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Korea.
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