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Hébert MPA, Selka A, Lebel AA, Doiron JA, Isabel Chiasson A, Gauvin VL, Matthew AJ, Hébert MJG, Doucet MS, Joy AP, Barnett DA, Touaibia M, Surette ME, Boudreau LH. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester analogues as selective inhibitors of 12-lipoxygenase product biosynthesis in human platelets. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 121:110419. [PMID: 37295028 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The inflammatory response is an essential process for the host defence against pathogens. Lipid mediators are important in coordinating the pro-inflammatory and pro-resolution phases of the inflammatory process. However, unregulated production of these mediators has been associated with chronic inflammatory diseases such as arthritis, asthma, cardiovascular diseases, and several types of cancer. Therefore, it is not surprising that enzymes implicated in the production of these lipid mediators have been targeted for potential therapeutic approaches. Amongst these inflammatory molecules, the 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12(S)-HETE) is abundantly produced in several diseases and is primarily biosynthesized via the platelet's 12-lipoxygenase (12-LO) pathway. To this day, very few compounds selectively inhibit the 12-LO pathway, and most importantly, none are currently used in the clinical settings. In this study, we investigated a series of polyphenol analogues of natural polyphenols that inhibit the 12-LO pathway in human platelets without affecting other normal functions of the cell. Using an ex vivo approach, we found one compound that selectively inhibited the 12-LO pathway, with IC50 values as low as 0.11 µM, with minimal inhibition of other lipoxygenase or cyclooxygenase pathways. More importantly, our data show that none of the compounds tested induced significant off-target effects on either the platelet's activation or its viability. In the continuous search for specific and better inhibitors targeting the regulation of inflammation, we characterized two novel inhibitors of the 12-LO pathway that could be promising for subsequent in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu P A Hébert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, 18 Antonine-Maillet Avenue, Moncton, New Brunswick E1A 3E9, Canada; New Brunswick Center for Precision Medicine, 27 Providence Street, Moncton, New Brunswick E1C 8X3, Canada
| | - Ayyoub Selka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, 18 Antonine-Maillet Avenue, Moncton, New Brunswick E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Andréa A Lebel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, 18 Antonine-Maillet Avenue, Moncton, New Brunswick E1A 3E9, Canada; New Brunswick Center for Precision Medicine, 27 Providence Street, Moncton, New Brunswick E1C 8X3, Canada
| | - Jérémie A Doiron
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, 18 Antonine-Maillet Avenue, Moncton, New Brunswick E1A 3E9, Canada; New Brunswick Center for Precision Medicine, 27 Providence Street, Moncton, New Brunswick E1C 8X3, Canada
| | - Audrey Isabel Chiasson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, 18 Antonine-Maillet Avenue, Moncton, New Brunswick E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Vanessa L Gauvin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, 18 Antonine-Maillet Avenue, Moncton, New Brunswick E1A 3E9, Canada; New Brunswick Center for Precision Medicine, 27 Providence Street, Moncton, New Brunswick E1C 8X3, Canada
| | - Alexis J Matthew
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, 18 Antonine-Maillet Avenue, Moncton, New Brunswick E1A 3E9, Canada; New Brunswick Center for Precision Medicine, 27 Providence Street, Moncton, New Brunswick E1C 8X3, Canada
| | - Martin J G Hébert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, 18 Antonine-Maillet Avenue, Moncton, New Brunswick E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Marco S Doucet
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, 18 Antonine-Maillet Avenue, Moncton, New Brunswick E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Andrew P Joy
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, 27 Providence Street, Moncton, New Brunswick E1C 8X3, Canada
| | - David A Barnett
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, 27 Providence Street, Moncton, New Brunswick E1C 8X3, Canada
| | - Mohamed Touaibia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, 18 Antonine-Maillet Avenue, Moncton, New Brunswick E1A 3E9, Canada.
| | - Marc E Surette
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, 18 Antonine-Maillet Avenue, Moncton, New Brunswick E1A 3E9, Canada; New Brunswick Center for Precision Medicine, 27 Providence Street, Moncton, New Brunswick E1C 8X3, Canada
| | - Luc H Boudreau
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, 18 Antonine-Maillet Avenue, Moncton, New Brunswick E1A 3E9, Canada; New Brunswick Center for Precision Medicine, 27 Providence Street, Moncton, New Brunswick E1C 8X3, Canada.
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Evans CE, Zhang X, Machireddy N, Zhao YY. The Unexpected Protective Role of Thrombosis in Sepsis-Induced Inflammatory Lung Injury Via Endothelial Alox15. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.03.29.23287934. [PMID: 37034726 PMCID: PMC10081399 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.29.23287934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) commonly suffer from severe pulmonary thrombosis, but clinical trials of anti-coagulant therapies in sepsis and ARDS patients have failed. ARDS patients with thrombocytopenia also exhibit increased mortality, and widespread pulmonary thrombosis is often seen in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ARDS patients. METHODS Employing different amounts of microbeads to induce various levels of pulmonary thrombosis. Acute lung injury was induced by either lipopolysaccharide i.p. or cecal ligation and puncture. Endothelial cell (EC)-targeted nanoparticle coupled with CDH5 promoter was employed to delivery plasmid DNA expressing the CRISPR/Cas9 system for EC-specific gene knockout or expressing Alox15 for EC-specific overexpression. Additionally, thrombocytopenia was induced by genetic depletion of platelets using DTR Pf4Cre mice by breeding Pf4 Cre mice into the genetic background of DTR mice. RESULTS We show that while severe pulmonary thrombosis or thrombocytopenia augments sepsis-induced ALI, the induction of mild pulmonary thrombosis conversely reduces endothelial cell (EC) apoptosis, ALI, and mortality via sustained expression of endothelial arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase (Alox15). Endothelial Alox15 knockout via EC-targeted nanoparticle delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 plasmid DNA in adult mice abolished the protective impact of mild lung thrombosis. Conversely, overexpression of endothelial Alox15 inhibited the increases in ALI caused by severe pulmonary thrombosis. The clinical relevance of the findings was validated by the observation of reduced ALOX15-expressing ECs in lung autopsy samples of ARDS patients. Additionally, restoration of pulmonary thrombosis in thrombocytopenic mice also normalized endotoxemia-induced ALI. CONCLUSION We have demonstrated that moderate levels of thrombosis protect against sepsis-induced inflammatory lung injury via endothelial Alox15. Overexpression of Alox5 inhibits severe pulmonary thrombosis-induced increase of ALI. Thus, activation of ALOX15 signaling represents a promising therapeutic strategy for treatment of ARDS, especially in sub-populations of patients with thrombocytopenia and/or severe pulmonary thrombosis.
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Pernet E, Sun S, Sarden N, Gona S, Nguyen A, Khan N, Mawhinney M, Tran KA, Chronopoulos J, Amberkar D, Sadeghi M, Grant A, Wali S, Prevel R, Ding J, Martin JG, Thanabalasuriar A, Yipp BG, Barreiro LB, Divangahi M. Neonatal imprinting of alveolar macrophages via neutrophil-derived 12-HETE. Nature 2023; 614:530-538. [PMID: 36599368 PMCID: PMC9945843 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05660-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Resident-tissue macrophages (RTMs) arise from embryonic precursors1,2, yet the developmental signals that shape their longevity remain largely unknown. Here we demonstrate in mice genetically deficient in 12-lipoxygenase and 15-lipoxygenase (Alox15-/- mice) that neonatal neutrophil-derived 12-HETE is required for self-renewal and maintenance of alveolar macrophages (AMs) during lung development. Although the seeding and differentiation of AM progenitors remained intact, the absence of 12-HETE led to a significant reduction in AMs in adult lungs and enhanced senescence owing to increased prostaglandin E2 production. A compromised AM compartment resulted in increased susceptibility to acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide and to pulmonary infections with influenza A virus or SARS-CoV-2. Our results highlight the complexity of prenatal RTM programming and reveal their dependency on in trans eicosanoid production by neutrophils for lifelong self-renewal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwan Pernet
- McGill University Health Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Sarah Sun
- Department of Medicine, Section of Genetic Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nicole Sarden
- Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases and Department of Critical Care, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Saideep Gona
- Department of Medicine, Section of Genetic Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Angela Nguyen
- Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases and Department of Critical Care, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nargis Khan
- McGill University Health Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Martin Mawhinney
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kim A Tran
- McGill University Health Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Julia Chronopoulos
- McGill University Health Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dnyandeo Amberkar
- McGill University Health Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mina Sadeghi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alexandre Grant
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Shradha Wali
- McGill University Health Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Renaud Prevel
- McGill University Health Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jun Ding
- McGill University Health Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - James G Martin
- McGill University Health Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ajitha Thanabalasuriar
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bryan G Yipp
- Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases and Department of Critical Care, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Luis B Barreiro
- Department of Medicine, Section of Genetic Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Genetics, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maziar Divangahi
- McGill University Health Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
- McGill International TB Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Ruan F, Chen J, Yang J, Wang G. MILD TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY ATTENUATES PNEUMONIA-INDUCED LUNG INJURY BY MODULATIONS OF ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGE BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY AND M1 POLARIZATION. Shock 2022; 58:400-407. [PMID: 36166827 PMCID: PMC9712263 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Traumatic brain injury is one of the main causes of death and disability worldwide, and results in multisystem complications. However, the mechanism of mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) on lung injury remains unclear. In this study, we used a murine model of MTBI and pneumonia ( Pseudomonas aeruginosa ;) to explore the relationship between these conditions and the underlying mechanism. Methods: Mice (n = 104) were divided into control, MTBI, pneumonia, and MTBI + pneumonia groups. MTBI was induced by the weight-drop method. Pneumonia was induced by intratracheal injection with P. aeruginosa Xen5 strain. Animals were killed 24 h after bacterial challenging. Histological, cellular, and molecular indices of brain and lung injury were assessed using various methods. Results: Mice in both the MTBI and pneumonia groups had more Fluoro-Jade C-positive neurons than did the controls ( P < 0.01), but mice in the MTBI + pneumonia group had fewer Fluoro-Jade C-positive cells than did the pneumonia group ( P < 0.01). The MTBI + pneumonia mice showed decreased bacterial load ( P < 0.05), reduced lung injury score and pulmonary permeability ( P < 0.01), less inflammatory cells, and lower levels of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β; P < 0.01) when compared with the pneumonia group. Molecular analysis indicated lower levels of phosphorylated nuclear factor-κB in the lung of MTBI + pneumonia mice compared with the pneumonia group ( P < 0.01). Furthermore, alveolar macrophages from MTBI mice exhibited enhanced bactericidal capacity compared with those from controls ( P < 0.01). Moreover, MTBI + pneumonia mice exhibited less CD86-positive M1 macrophages compared with the pneumonia group ( P < 0.01). Conclusions: MTBI attenuates pneumonia-induced acute lung injury through the modulation of alveolar macrophage bactericidal capacity and M1 polarization in bacterial pneumonia model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Ruan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, 13210, USA
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Jianxin Yang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Guirong Wang
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, 13210, USA
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Gomes de Azevedo-Quintanilha I, Campos MM, Teixeira Monteiro AP, Dantas do Nascimento A, Calheiros AS, Oliveira DM, Dias SSG, Soares VC, Santos JDC, Tavares I, Lopes Souza TM, Hottz ED, Bozza FA, Bozza PT. Increased platelet activation and platelet-inflammasome engagement during chikungunya infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:958820. [PMID: 36189282 PMCID: PMC9520464 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.958820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya fever is a viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes of the genus Aedes. The infection is usually symptomatic and most common symptoms are fever accompanied by joint pain and swelling. In most cases symptoms subside within a week. However, severe prolonged and disabling joint pain, that may persist for several months, even years, are reported. Although the pathogenesis of Chikungunya infection is not fully understood, the evolution to severe disease seems to be associated with the activation of immune mechanisms and the action of inflammatory mediators. Platelets are recognized as inflammatory cells with fundamental activities in the immune response, maintenance of vascular stability and pathogenicity of several inflammatory and infectious diseases. Although the involvement of platelets in the pathogenesis of viral diseases has gained attention in recent years, their activation in Chikungunya has not been explored. The aim of this study was to analyze platelet activation and the possible role of platelets in the amplification of the inflammatory response during Chikungunya infection. We prospectively included 132 patients attended at the Quinta D’Or hospital and 25 healthy volunteers during the 2016 epidemic in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. We observed increased expression of CD62P on the surface of platelets, as well as increased plasma levels of CD62P and platelet-derived inflammatory mediators indicating that the Chikungunya infection leads to platelet activation. In addition, platelets from chikungunya patients exhibit increased expression of NLRP3, caspase 4, and cleaved IL-1β, suggestive of platelet-inflammasome engagement during chikungunya infection. In vitro experiments confirmed that the Chikungunya virus directly activates platelets. Moreover, we observed that platelet activation and soluble p-selectin at the onset of symptoms were associated with development of chronic forms of the disease. Collectively, our data suggest platelet involvement in the immune processes and inflammatory amplification triggered by the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaclaudia Gomes de Azevedo-Quintanilha
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Patricia T. Bozza, ; Isaclaudia Gomes de Azevedo-Quintanilha,
| | - Mariana Macedo Campos
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Alessandra Dantas do Nascimento
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto D’Or de Pesquisa e Ensino, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andrea Surrage Calheiros
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Douglas Mathias Oliveira
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Suelen Silva Gomes Dias
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Cardoso Soares
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Julia da Cunha Santos
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isabel Tavares
- Instituto D’Or de Pesquisa e Ensino, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thiago Moreno Lopes Souza
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde (CDTS) and National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation on Diseases of Neglected Populations (INCT/IDNP), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eugenio D. Hottz
- Laboratório de Imunotrombose, Departamento de Bioquimica, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Fernando A. Bozza
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto D’Or de Pesquisa e Ensino, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patricia T. Bozza
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Patricia T. Bozza, ; Isaclaudia Gomes de Azevedo-Quintanilha,
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Olimpio F, da Silva JRM, Vieira RP, Oliveira CR, Aimbire F. Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus modulates the inflammatory response and the subsequent lung damage in a murine model of acute lung inflammation. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2022; 77:100021. [PMID: 35303586 PMCID: PMC8931357 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2022.100021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of the probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (Lr) on lung inflammation induced by Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Escherichia coli in C57BL/6 mice. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups: control, LPS, Lr (1 day) + LPS, and Lr (14 days) + LPS. Total and differential cells from Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid (BALF) were counted in a Neubauer 40X chamber, and pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, CXCL-1, TNF-α, TGF-β, and IL-10) were measured by ELISA assay. The analysis of whole leukocytes in blood was performed using the automated system Sysmex 800i. Morphometry of pulmonary tissue evaluated alveolar hemorrhage, alveolar collapse, and inflammatory cells. Pulmonary vascular permeability was assessed by Evans blue dye extravasation, and bronchoconstriction was evaluated in a tissue bath station. The transcription factor NF-kB was evaluated by ELISA, and its gene expression and TLR-2, TLR-4, MMP-9, MMP-12, and TIMP by PCR. RESULTS The probiotic Lr had a protective effect against the inflammatory responses induced by LPS. Lr significantly reduced pro-inflammatory cells in the airways, lung parenchyma, and blood leukocytes. Furthermore, Lr reduced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in BALF and the expression of TLRs, MMPs, and NF-kB in lung tissue and maintained the expression of TIMP in treated animals promoting a protective effect on lung tissue. CONCLUSIONS The results of the study indicate that pre-treatment with the probiotic Lr may be a promising way to mitigate lung inflammation in endotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Olimpio
- Department of Medicine, Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Translacional, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - José Roberto Mateus da Silva
- Institute of Science and Technology, Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo P Vieira
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos R Oliveira
- Institute of Science and Technology, Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Flavio Aimbire
- Department of Medicine, Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Translacional, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Institute of Science and Technology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
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7
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Luo Y, Jin M, Lou L, Yang S, Li C, Li X, Zhou M, Cai C. Role of arachidonic acid lipoxygenase pathway in Asthma. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2021; 158:106609. [PMID: 34954219 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2021.106609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism pathways play a key role in immunological response and inflammation diseases, such as asthma, etc. AA in cell membranes can be metabolized by lipoxygenases (LOXs) to a screen of bioactive substances that include leukotrienes (LTs), lipoxins (LXs), and eicosatetraenoic acids (ETEs), which are considered closely related to the pathophysiology of respiratory allergic disease. Studies also verified that drugs regulating AA LOXs pathway have better rehabilitative intervention for asthma. This review aims to summarize the physiological and pathophysiological importance of AA LOXs metabolism pathways in asthma and to discuss its prospects of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yacan Luo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Minli Jin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Lejing Lou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Song Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Chengye Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Xi Li
- The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Meixi Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, PR China.
| | - Chang Cai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, PR China.
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8
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Ruan Y, Fan Y, Xie Y, Ma C, Mo B, Lai Y, Li G, Liu X, Kuang W. Modified Xiaoqinglong decoction alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice by regulating arachidonic acid metabolism and exerting anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2021; 305:1672-1681. [PMID: 34708578 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Effective therapeutics are not available for acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Modified Xiaoqinglong decoction (M-XQL) is reported to effectively treat pneumonia, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. In this study, the therapeutic effect and mechanism of M-XQL were examined using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI mouse model. The effects of M-XQL on lung injury, inflammatory responses, and cell apoptosis were analyzed. Additionally, high-throughput sequencing was performed to evaluate the therapeutic mechanism of M-XQL. Pretreatment with M-XQL significantly and dose-dependently mitigated the pathological changes and upregulation of pulmonary, nitric oxide content and cell apoptosis and serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha contents in the LPS-induced ALI mouse model. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that the expression of several arachidonic acid metabolism-associated genes in the LPS + high-dose M-XQL group differed from that in the LPS group. In particular, the Cbr2, Cyp4f18, and Cyp2e1 levels were upregulated, whereas the Alox12, Ptges, and Ptges2 levels were downregulated in the LPS + high-dose M-XQL group. These results suggest that M-XQL exerts therapeutic effects in ALI mice by regulating arachidonic acid metabolism and exerting anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects. Thus, M-XQL is a potential agent for the clinical treatment of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongdui Ruan
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yaohua Fan
- Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanfeng Xie
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Chunling Ma
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Bingquan Mo
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yanni Lai
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Geng Li
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weihong Kuang
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Key Laboratory of Research and Development of New Medical Materials of Guangdong Medical University, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
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9
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Effah CY, Drokow EK, Agboyibor C, Ding L, He S, Liu S, Akorli SY, Nuamah E, Sun T, Zhou X, Liu H, Xu Z, Feng F, Wu Y, Zhang X. Neutrophil-Dependent Immunity During Pulmonary Infections and Inflammations. Front Immunol 2021; 12:689866. [PMID: 34737734 PMCID: PMC8560714 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.689866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid recruitment of neutrophils to an inflamed site is one of the hallmarks of an effective host defense mechanism. The main pathway through which this happens is by the innate immune response. Neutrophils, which play an important part in innate immune defense, migrate into lungs through the modulation actions of chemokines to execute a variety of pro-inflammatory functions. Despite the importance of chemokines in host immunity, little has been discussed on their roles in host immunity. A holistic understanding of neutrophil recruitment, pattern recognition pathways, the roles of chemokines and the pathophysiological roles of neutrophils in host immunity may allow for new approaches in the treatment of infectious and inflammatory disease of the lung. Herein, this review aims at highlighting some of the developments in lung neutrophil-immunity by focusing on the functions and roles of CXC/CC chemokines and pattern recognition receptors in neutrophil immunity during pulmonary inflammations. The pathophysiological roles of neutrophils in COVID-19 and thromboembolism have also been summarized. We finally summarized various neutrophil biomarkers that can be utilized as prognostic molecules in pulmonary inflammations and discussed various neutrophil-targeted therapies for neutrophil-driven pulmonary inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emmanuel Kwateng Drokow
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital & Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Clement Agboyibor
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lihua Ding
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sitian He
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shaohua Liu
- General ICU, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Senyo Yao Akorli
- College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Emmanuel Nuamah
- College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Tongwen Sun
- General ICU, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhou
- Department of Respiratory, Henan Provincial Chest Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Feifei Feng
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongjun Wu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoju Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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10
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Kulkarni A, Nadler JL, Mirmira RG, Casimiro I. Regulation of Tissue Inflammation by 12-Lipoxygenases. Biomolecules 2021; 11:717. [PMID: 34064822 PMCID: PMC8150372 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipoxygenases (LOXs) are lipid metabolizing enzymes that catalyze the di-oxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids to generate active eicosanoid products. 12-lipoxygenases (12-LOXs) primarily oxygenate the 12th carbon of its substrates. Many studies have demonstrated that 12-LOXs and their eicosanoid metabolite 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoate (12-HETE), have significant pathological implications in inflammatory diseases. Increased level of 12-LOX activity promotes stress (both oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum)-mediated inflammation, leading to damage in these tissues. 12-LOXs are also associated with enhanced cellular migration of immune cells-a characteristic of several metabolic and autoimmune disorders. Genetic depletion or pharmacological inhibition of the enzyme in animal models of various diseases has shown to be protective against disease development and/or progression in animal models in the setting of diabetes, pulmonary, cardiovascular, and metabolic disease, suggesting a translational potential of targeting the enzyme for the treatment of several disorders. In this article, we review the role of 12-LOXs in the pathogenesis of several diseases in which chronic inflammation plays an underlying role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kulkarni
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA;
| | - Jerry L. Nadler
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA;
| | | | - Isabel Casimiro
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA;
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11
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Pulmonary blood volume estimation in mice by magnetic particle imaging and magnetic resonance imaging. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4848. [PMID: 33649416 PMCID: PMC7921594 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84276-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This methodical work describes the measurement and calculation of pulmonary blood volume in mice based on two imaging techniques namely by using magnetic particle imaging (MPI) and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Besides its feasibility aspects that may influence quantitative analysis are studied. Eight FVB mice underwent cardiac MRI to determine stroke volumes and anatomic MRI as morphological reference for functional MPI data. Arrival time analyses of boli of 1 µl of 1 M superparamagnetic tracer were performed by MPI. Pulmonary transit time of the bolus was determined by measurements in the right and left ventricles. Pulmonary blood volume was calculated out of stroke volume, pulmonary transit time and RR-interval length including a maximal error analysis. Cardiac stroke volume was 31.7 µl ± 2.3 µl with an ejection fraction of 71% ± 6%. A sharp contrast bolus profile was observed by MPI allowing subdividing the first pass into three distinct phases: tracer arrival in the right ventricle, pulmonary vasculature, and left ventricle. The bolus full width at half maximum was 578 ms ± 144 ms in the right ventricle and 1042 ms ± 150 ms in the left ventricle. Analysis of pulmonary transit time revealed 745 ms ± 81 ms. Mean RR-interval length was 133 ms ± 12 ms. Pulmonary blood volume resulted in 177 µl ± 27 µl with a mean maximal error limit of 27 µl. Non-invasive assessment of the pulmonary blood volume in mice was feasible. This technique can be of specific value for evaluation of pulmonary hemodynamics in mouse models of cardiac dysfunction or pulmonary disease. Pulmonary blood volume can complement cardiac functional parameters as a further hemodynamic parameter.
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12
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Bae SS, Lee YY, Shahbazian A, Wang J, Meriwether D, Golub I, Oganesian B, Dowd T, Reddy ST, Charles-Schoeman C. High- density lipoprotein function is abnormal in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 59:3515-3525. [PMID: 32830270 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Damage to the vascular endothelium is strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM). Normally, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) protects the vascular endothelium from damage from oxidized phospholipids, which accumulate under conditions of oxidative stress. The current work evaluated the antioxidant function of HDL in IIM patients. METHODS HDL's antioxidant function was measured in IIM patients using a cell-free assay, which assesses the ability of isolated patient HDL to inhibit oxidation of low-density lipoproteins and is reported as the HDL inflammatory index (HII). Cholesterol profiles were measured for all patients, and subgroup analysis included assessment of oxidized fatty acids in HDL and plasma MPO activity. A subgroup of IIM patients was compared with healthy controls. RESULTS The antioxidant function of HDL was significantly worse in patients with IIM (n = 95) compared with healthy controls (n = 41) [mean (S.d.) HII 1.12 (0.61) vs 0.82 (0.13), P < 0.0001]. Higher HII associated with higher plasma MPO activity [mean (S.d.) 13.2 (9.1) vs 9.1 (4.6), P = 0.0006] and higher oxidized fatty acids in HDL. Higher 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid in HDL correlated with worse diffusion capacity in patients with interstitial lung disease (r = -0.58, P = 0.02), and HDL's antioxidant function was most impaired in patients with autoantibodies against melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5) or anti-synthetase antibodies. In multivariate analysis including 182 IIM patients, higher HII was associated with higher disease activity and DM diagnosis. CONCLUSION The antioxidant function of HDL is abnormal in IIM patients and may warrant further investigation for its role in propagating microvascular inflammation and damage in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - David Meriwether
- Cardiology and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Srinivasa T Reddy
- Cardiology and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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13
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Ito H, Kimura H, Karasawa T, Hisata S, Sadatomo A, Inoue Y, Yamada N, Aizawa E, Hishida E, Kamata R, Komada T, Watanabe S, Kasahara T, Suzuki T, Horie H, Kitayama J, Sata N, Yamaji-Kegan K, Takahashi M. NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Lung Vascular Endothelial Cells Contributes to Intestinal Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Acute Lung Injury. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:1393-1405. [PMID: 32727891 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a life-threatening complication that leads to inflammation and remote organ damage. The NLRP3 inflammasome regulates the caspase-1-dependent release of IL-1β, an early mediator of inflammation after I/R injury. In this study, we investigated the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in mice with intestinal I/R injury. Deficiency of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1/11, or IL-1β prolonged survival after intestinal I/R injury, but neither NLRP3 nor caspase-1/11 deficiency affected intestinal inflammation. Intestinal I/R injury caused acute lung injury (ALI) characterized by inflammation, reactive oxygen species generation, and vascular permeability, which was markedly improved by NLRP3 deficiency. Bone marrow chimeric experiments showed that NLRP3 in non-bone marrow-derived cells was the main contributor to development of intestinal I/R-induced ALI. The NLRP3 inflammasome in lung vascular endothelial cells is thought to be important to lung vascular permeability. Using mass spectrometry, we identified intestinal I/R-derived lipid mediators that enhanced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in lung vascular endothelial cells. Finally, we confirmed that serum levels of these lipid mediators were elevated in patients with intestinal ischemia. To our knowledge, these findings provide new insights into the mechanism underlying intestinal I/R-induced ALI and suggest that endothelial NLRP3 inflammasome-driven IL-1β is a novel potential target for treating and preventing this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Homare Ito
- Division of Inflammation Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kimura
- Division of Inflammation Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Tadayoshi Karasawa
- Division of Inflammation Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Shu Hisata
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan; and
| | - Ai Sadatomo
- Division of Inflammation Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Inoue
- Division of Inflammation Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Naoya Yamada
- Division of Inflammation Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Emi Aizawa
- Division of Inflammation Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Erika Hishida
- Division of Inflammation Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Ryo Kamata
- Division of Inflammation Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Takanori Komada
- Division of Inflammation Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Sachiko Watanabe
- Division of Inflammation Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kasahara
- Division of Inflammation Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Takuji Suzuki
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan; and
| | - Hisanaga Horie
- Department of Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Joji Kitayama
- Department of Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Naohiro Sata
- Department of Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Kazuyo Yamaji-Kegan
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Masafumi Takahashi
- Division of Inflammation Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan;
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14
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Muthumalage T, Lucas JH, Wang Q, Lamb T, McGraw MD, Rahman I. Pulmonary Toxicity and Inflammatory Response of E-Cigarette Vape Cartridges Containing Medium-Chain Triglycerides Oil and Vitamin E Acetate: Implications in the Pathogenesis of EVALI. TOXICS 2020; 8:toxics8030046. [PMID: 32605182 PMCID: PMC7560420 DOI: 10.3390/toxics8030046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recently, there has been an outbreak of a condition named e-cigarette or vaping products-associated lung injury (EVALI). The primary components of vaping products include tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), vitamin E acetate (VEA) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT), may be responsible for acute lung toxicity. Currently, little information is available on the physiological and biological effects of exposure to these products. We hypothesized that these CBD/counterfeit vape cartridges and their constituents (VEA and MCT) induce pulmonary toxicity, mediated by oxidative damage and inflammatory responses, leading to acute lung injury. We studied the potential mechanisms of CBD/counterfeit vape cartridge aerosol induced inflammatory response by evaluating the generation of reactive oxygen species by MCT, VEA, and cartridges and their effects on the inflammatory state of pulmonary epithelium and immune cells both in vitro and in vivo. Cells exposed to these aerosols generated reactive oxygen species, caused cytotoxicity, induced epithelial barrier dysfunction, and elicited an inflammatory response. Using a murine model, the parameters of acute toxicity to aerosol inhalation were assessed. Infiltration of neutrophils and lymphocytes was accompanied by significant increases in IL-6, eotaxin, and G-CSF in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). In mouse BALF, eicosanoid inflammatory mediators, leukotrienes, were significantly increased. Plasma from e-cig users also showed increased levels of hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETEs) and various eicosanoids. Exposure to CBD/counterfeit vape cartridge aerosols showed the most significant effects and toxicity compared to MCT and VEA. In addition, we determined SARS-CoV-2 related proteins and found no impact associated with aerosol exposures from these tested cartridges. Overall, this study demonstrates acute exposure to specific CBD/counterfeit vape cartridges induces in vitro cytotoxicity, barrier dysfunction, and inflammation and in vivo mouse exposure induces acute inflammation with elevated proinflammatory markers in the pathogenesis of EVALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thivanka Muthumalage
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (T.M.); (J.H.L.); (Q.W.); (T.L.)
| | - Joseph H. Lucas
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (T.M.); (J.H.L.); (Q.W.); (T.L.)
| | - Qixin Wang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (T.M.); (J.H.L.); (Q.W.); (T.L.)
| | - Thomas Lamb
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (T.M.); (J.H.L.); (Q.W.); (T.L.)
| | - Matthew D. McGraw
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA;
| | - Irfan Rahman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (T.M.); (J.H.L.); (Q.W.); (T.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(585)-275-6911
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15
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Muthumalage T, Lucas JH, Wang Q, Lamb T, McGraw MD, Rahman I. Pulmonary toxicity and inflammatory response of e-cigarettes containing medium-chain triglyceride oil and vitamin E acetate: Implications in the pathogenesis of EVALI but independent of SARS-COV-2 COVID-19 related proteins. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2020. [PMID: 32587960 DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.14.151381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Recently, there has been an outbreak associated with the use of e-cigarette or vaping products, associated lung injury (EVALI). The primary components of vaping products, vitamin E acetate (VEA) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) may be responsible for acute lung toxicity. Currently, little information is available on the physiological and biological effects of exposure to these products. We hypothesized that these e-cig cartridges and their constituents (VEA and MCT) induce pulmonary toxicity, mediated by oxidative damage and inflammatory responses, leading to acute lung injury. We studied the potential mechanisms of cartridge aerosol induced inflammatory response by evaluating the generation of reactive oxygen species by MCT, VEA, and cartridges, and their effects on the inflammatory state of pulmonary epithelium and immune cells both in vitro and in vivo. Cells exposed to these aerosols generated reactive oxygen species, caused cytotoxicity, induced epithelial barrier dysfunction, and elicited an inflammatory response. Using a murine model, the parameters of acute toxicity to aerosol inhalation were assessed. Infiltration of neutrophils and lymphocytes was accompanied by significant increases in IL-6, eotaxin, and G-CSF in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). In mouse plasma, eicosanoid inflammatory mediators, leukotrienes, were significantly increased. Plasma from e-cig users also showed increased levels of hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETEs) and various eicosanoids. Exposure to e-cig cartridge aerosols showed the most significant effects and toxicity compared to MCT and VEA. In addition, we determined at SARS-COV-2 related proteins and found no impact associated with aerosol exposures from these tested cartridges. Overall, this study demonstrates acute exposure to specific e-cig cartridges induces in vitro cytotoxicity, barrier dysfunction, and inflammation and in vivo mouse exposure induces acute inflammation with elevated pro-inflammatory markers in the pathogenesis of EVALI.
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16
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Vascular Lipidomic Profiling of Potential Endogenous Fatty Acid PPAR Ligands Reveals the Coronary Artery as Major Producer of CYP450-Derived Epoxy Fatty Acids. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051096. [PMID: 32365470 PMCID: PMC7290345 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of oxylipins have been described as endogenous PPAR ligands. The very short biological half-lives of oxylipins suggest roles as autocrine or paracrine signaling molecules. While coronary arterial atherosclerosis is the root of myocardial infarction, aortic atherosclerotic plaque formation is a common readout of in vivo atherosclerosis studies in mice. Improved understanding of the compartmentalized sources of oxylipin PPAR ligands will increase our knowledge of the roles of PPAR signaling in diverse vascular tissues. Here, we performed a targeted lipidomic analysis of ex vivo-generated oxylipins from porcine aorta, coronary artery, pulmonary artery and perivascular adipose. Cyclooxygenase (COX)-derived prostanoids were the most abundant detectable oxylipin from all tissues. By contrast, the coronary artery produced significantly higher levels of oxylipins from CYP450 pathways than other tissues. The TLR4 ligand LPS induced prostanoid formation in all vascular tissue tested. The 11-HETE, 15-HETE, and 9-HODE were also induced by LPS from the aorta and pulmonary artery but not coronary artery. Epoxy fatty acid (EpFA) formation was largely unaffected by LPS. The pig CYP2J homologue CYP2J34 was expressed in porcine vascular tissue and primary coronary artery smooth muscle cells (pCASMCs) in culture. Treatment of pCASMCs with LPS induced a robust profile of pro-inflammatory target genes: TNFα, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, MCP-1 and CD40L. The soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor TPPU, which prevents the breakdown of endogenous CYP-derived EpFAs, significantly suppressed LPS-induced inflammatory target genes. In conclusion, PPAR-activating oxylipins are produced and regulated in a vascular site-specific manner. The CYP450 pathway is highly active in the coronary artery and capable of providing anti-inflammatory oxylipins that prevent processes of inflammatory vascular disease progression.
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17
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Karki P, Birukov KG. Oxidized Phospholipids in Healthy and Diseased Lung Endothelium. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040981. [PMID: 32326516 PMCID: PMC7226969 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating and cell membrane phospholipids undergo oxidation caused by enzymatic and non-enzymatic mechanisms. As a result, a diverse group of bioactive oxidized phospholipids generated in these conditions have both beneficial and harmful effects on the human body. Increased production of oxidized phospholipid products with deleterious effects is linked to the pathogenesis of various cardiopulmonary disorders such as atherosclerosis, thrombosis, acute lung injury (ALI), and inflammation. It has been determined that the contrasting biological effects of lipid oxidation products are governed by their structural variations. For example, full-length products of 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine oxidation (OxPAPC) have prominent endothelial barrier protective and anti-inflammatory activities while most of the truncated oxidized phospholipids induce vascular leak and exacerbate inflammation. The extensive studies from our group and other groups have demonstrated a strong potential of OxPAPC in mitigating a wide range of agonist-induced lung injuries and inflammation in pulmonary endothelial cell culture and rodent models of ALI. Concurrently, elevated levels of truncated oxidized phospholipids are present in aged mice lungs that potentiate the inflammatory agents-induced lung injury. On the other hand, increased levels of full length OxPAPC products accelerate ALI recovery by facilitating production of anti-inflammatory lipid mediator, lipoxin A4, and other molecules with anti-inflammatory properties. These findings suggest that OxPAPC-assisted lipid program switch may be a promising therapeutic strategy for treatment of acute inflammatory syndromes. In this review, we will summarize the vascular-protective and deleterious aspects of oxidized phospholipids and discuss their therapeutic potential including engineering of stable analogs of oxidized phospholipids with improved anti-inflammatory and barrier-protective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratap Karki
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Konstantin G. Birukov
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(410)-706-2578; Fax: +1-(410)-706-6952
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18
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Zhang J, Wang M, Ye J, Liu J, Xu Y, Wang Z, Ye D, Zhao M, Wan J. The Anti-inflammatory Mediator Resolvin E1 Protects Mice Against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Heart Injury. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:203. [PMID: 32256344 PMCID: PMC7094758 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy (SIC) is a common severe complication of sepsis that contributes to mortality. SIC is closely associated with excessive inflammatory responses, failed inflammation resolution, and apoptotic damage. Resolvin E1 (RvE1), an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-derived metabolite, has been reported to exert anti-inflammatory or proresolving activity in multiple animal models of inflammatory disease. However, the therapeutic potential of RvE1 in SIC remains undetermined, which was, therefore, the aim of the present study. Methods C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into three groups: control, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and LPS + RvE1. Echocardiography, Western blotting (WB), quantitative real-time (QRT)-PCR, histological analyses, and flow cytometry were used to evaluate cardiac function, myocardial inflammation, and the underlying mechanisms. Results The RvE1-injected group showed improved left ventricular (LV) function and reduced serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase myocardial bound (CK-MB) levels. Compared to LPS treatment alone, RvE1 treatment inhibited the infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages into the heart and spleen and suppressed the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, in the heart. We also observed that the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathways was blocked by RvE1 treatment, and this inhibition contributed to the improvement in the inflammatory response induced by LPS. RvE1 inhibited LPS-induced M1 macrophage polarization and promoted macrophage polarization toward the M2-like phenotype in both the heart and spleen. In addition, LPS administration dysregulated cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) in the heart, which were rectified by RvE1 treatment. RvE1 also reduced myocardial apoptosis rate in response to LPS-induced heart injury. Conclusion RvE1 protects the heart against SIC possibly through the inhibition of the MAPK and NF-κB inflammatory signaling pathways, modulation of macrophage polarization, and reduction in myocardial apoptosis. RvE1 may be a novel lipid mediator for the treatment of SIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jishou Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Menglong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianfang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yao Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Di Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
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de Jesus Souza M, de Moraes JA, Da Silva VN, Helal-Neto E, Uberti AF, Scopel-Guerra A, Olivera-Severo D, Carlini CR, Barja-Fidalgo C. Helicobacter pylori urease induces pro-inflammatory effects and differentiation of human endothelial cells: Cellular and molecular mechanism. Helicobacter 2019; 24:e12573. [PMID: 30907046 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori urease (HPU) is a key virulence factor that enables bacteria to colonize and survive in the stomach. We early demonstrated that HPU, independent of its catalytic activity, induced inflammatory and angiogenic responses in vivo and directly activated human neutrophils to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). We have investigated the effects of HPU on endothelial cells, focusing on the signaling mechanism involved. METHODS Monolayers of human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) were stimulated with HPU (up to 10 nmol/L): Paracellular permeability was accessed through dextran-FITC passage. NO and ROS production was evaluated using intracellular probes. Proteins or mRNA expressions were detected by Western blotting and fluorescence microscopy or qPCR assays, respectively. RESULTS Treatment with HPU enhanced paracellular permeability of HMEC-1, preceded by VE-cadherin phosphorylation and its dissociation from cell-cell junctions. This caused profound alterations in actin cytoskeleton dynamics and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) phosphorylation. HPU triggered ROS and nitric oxide (NO) production by endothelial cells. Increased intracellular ROS resulted in nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation and upregulated expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Higher ICAM-1 and E-selectin expression was associated with increased neutrophil adhesion on HPU-stimulated HMEC monolayers. The effects of HPU on endothelial cells were dependent on ROS production and lipoxygenase pathway activation, being inhibited by esculetin. Additionally, HPU improved vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) expression. CONCLUSION The data suggest that the pro-inflammatory properties of HPU drive endothelial cell to a ROS-dependent program of differentiation that contributes to the progression of H pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariele de Jesus Souza
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - João Alfredo de Moraes
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Redox Biology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vany Nascimento Da Silva
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Edward Helal-Neto
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Augusto Frantz Uberti
- Laboratory of Neurotoxins, Brain Institute (BRAINS-InsCer), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Adriele Scopel-Guerra
- Center of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Deiber Olivera-Severo
- Center of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Célia R Carlini
- Laboratory of Neurotoxins, Brain Institute (BRAINS-InsCer), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Center of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Christina Barja-Fidalgo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Singh NK, Rao GN. Emerging role of 12/15-Lipoxygenase (ALOX15) in human pathologies. Prog Lipid Res 2019; 73:28-45. [PMID: 30472260 PMCID: PMC6338518 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
12/15-lipoxygenase (12/15-LOX) is an enzyme, which oxidizes polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly omega-6 and -3 fatty acids, to generate a number of bioactive lipid metabolites. A large number of studies have revealed the importance of 12/15-LOX role in oxidative and inflammatory responses. The in vitro studies have demonstrated the ability of 12/15-LOX metabolites in the expression of various genes and production of cytokine related to inflammation and resolution of inflammation. The studies with the use of knockout and transgenic animals for 12/15-LOX have further shown its involvement in the pathogenesis of a variety of human diseases, including cardiovascular, renal, neurological and metabolic disorders. This review summarizes our current knowledge on the role of 12/15-LOX in inflammation and various human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhlesh K Singh
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 71 S. Manassas Street Memphis, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Gadiparthi N Rao
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 71 S. Manassas Street Memphis, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
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21
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Margraf A, Herter JM, Kühne K, Stadtmann A, Ermert T, Wenk M, Meersch M, Van Aken H, Zarbock A, Rossaint J. 6% Hydroxyethyl starch (HES 130/0.4) diminishes glycocalyx degradation and decreases vascular permeability during systemic and pulmonary inflammation in mice. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2018; 22:111. [PMID: 29716625 PMCID: PMC5930811 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-017-1846-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Increased vascular permeability is a pathophysiological hallmark of sepsis and results in increased transcapillary leakage of plasma fluid, hypovolemia, and interstitial edema formation. 6% hydroxyethyl starch (HES 130/0.4) is commonly used to treat hypovolemia to maintain adequate organ perfusion and oxygen delivery. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of 6% HES 130/0.4 on glycocalyx integrity and vascular permeability in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pulmonary inflammation and systemic inflammation in mice. Methods 6% HES 130/0.4 or a balanced electrolyte solution (20 ml/kg) was administered intravenously 1 h after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) or LPS inhalation. Sham-treated animals receiving 6% HES 130/0.4 or the electrolyte solution served as controls. The thickness of the endovascular glycocalyx was visualized by intravital microscopy in lung (LPS inhalation model) or cremaster muscle (CLP model). Syndecan-1, hyaluronic acid, and heparanase levels were measured in blood samples. Vascular permeability in the lungs, liver, kidney, and brain was measured by Evans blue extravasation. Results Both CLP induction and LPS inhalation resulted in increased vascular permeability in the lung, liver, kidney, and brain. 6% HES 130/0.4 infusion led to significantly reduced plasma levels of syndecan-1, heparanase, and hyaluronic acid, which was accompanied by a preservation of the glycocalyx thickness in postcapillary venules of the cremaster (0.78 ± 0.09 μm vs. 1.39 ± 0.10 μm) and lung capillaries (0.81 ± 0.09 μm vs. 1.49 ± 0.12 μm). Conclusions These data suggest that 6% HES 130/0.4 exerts protective effects on glycocalyx integrity and attenuates the increase of vascular permeability during systemic inflammation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi: 10.1186/s13054-017-1846-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Margraf
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Jan M Herter
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Katharina Kühne
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Anika Stadtmann
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Ermert
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Manuel Wenk
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Melanie Meersch
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Hugo Van Aken
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Zarbock
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Jan Rossaint
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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Kroschwald S, Chiu CY, Heydeck D, Rohwer N, Gehring T, Seifert U, Lux A, Rothe M, Weylandt KH, Kuhn H. Female mice carrying a defective Alox15 gene are protected from experimental colitis via sustained maintenance of the intestinal epithelial barrier function. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1863:866-880. [PMID: 29702245 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lipoxygenases (ALOXs) are involved in the regulation of cellular redox homeostasis. They also have been implicated in the biosynthesis of pro- and anti-inflammatory lipid mediators and play a role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, which constitute a major health challenge owing to increasing incidence and prevalence in all industrialized countries around the world. To explore the pathophysiological role of Alox15 (leukocyte-type 12-LOX) in mouse experimental colitis we tested the impact of systemic inactivation of the Alox15 gene on the extent of dextrane sulfate sodium (DSS) colitis. We found that in wildtype mice expression of the Alox15 gene was augmented during DSS-colitis while expression of other Alox genes (Alox5, Alox15b) was hardly altered. Systemic Alox15 (leukocyte-type 12-LOX) deficiency induced less severe colitis symptoms and suppressed in vivo formation of 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE), the major Alox15 (leukocyte-type 12-LOX) product in mice. These alterations were paralleled by reduced expression of pro-inflammatory gene products, by sustained expression of the zonula occludens protein 1 (ZO-1) and by a less impaired intestinal epithelial barrier function. These results are consistent with in vitro incubations of colon epithelial cells, in which addition of 12S-HETE compromised enantioselectively transepithelial electric resistance. Consistent with these data transgenic overexpression of human ALOX15 intensified the inflammatory symptoms. In summary, our results indicate that systemic Alox15 (leukocyte-type 12-LOX) deficiency protects mice from DSS-colitis. Since exogenous 12-HETE compromises the expression of the tight junction protein ZO-1 the protective effect has been related to a less pronounced impairment of the intestinal epithelial barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Kroschwald
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Chariteplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany; Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty of the Otto-von-Guericke-University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Cheng-Ying Chiu
- Division of Medicine, Department of Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dagmar Heydeck
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Chariteplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadine Rohwer
- Division of Medicine, Department of Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tatjana Gehring
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Chariteplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Seifert
- Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty of the Otto-von-Guericke-University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anke Lux
- Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty of the Otto-von-Guericke-University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Rothe
- Lipidomix GmbH, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Karsten-Henrich Weylandt
- Division of Medicine, Department of Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Division of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Ruppiner Kliniken, Brandenburg Medical School, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany.
| | - Hartmut Kuhn
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Chariteplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany.
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23
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Schnoor M, García Ponce A, Vadillo E, Pelayo R, Rossaint J, Zarbock A. Actin dynamics in the regulation of endothelial barrier functions and neutrophil recruitment during endotoxemia and sepsis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:1985-1997. [PMID: 28154894 PMCID: PMC11107778 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2449-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a leading cause of death worldwide. Increased vascular permeability is a major hallmark of sepsis. Dynamic alterations in actin fiber formation play an important role in the regulation of endothelial barrier functions and thus vascular permeability. Endothelial integrity requires a delicate balance between the formation of cortical actin filaments that maintain endothelial cell contact stability and the formation of actin stress fibers that generate pulling forces, and thus compromise endothelial cell contact stability. Current research has revealed multiple molecular pathways that regulate actin dynamics and endothelial barrier dysfunction during sepsis. These include intracellular signaling proteins of the small GTPases family (e.g., Rap1, RhoA and Rac1) as well as the molecules that are directly acting on the actomyosin cytoskeleton such as myosin light chain kinase and Rho kinases. Another hallmark of sepsis is an excessive recruitment of neutrophils that also involves changes in the actin cytoskeleton in both endothelial cells and neutrophils. This review focuses on the available evidence about molecules that control actin dynamics and regulate endothelial barrier functions and neutrophil recruitment. We also discuss treatment strategies using pharmaceutical enzyme inhibitors to target excessive vascular permeability and leukocyte recruitment in septic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schnoor
- Department for Molecular Biomedicine, Centre for Investigation and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (Cinvestav-IPN), Av. IPN 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, GAM, 07360, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Alexander García Ponce
- Department for Molecular Biomedicine, Centre for Investigation and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (Cinvestav-IPN), Av. IPN 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, GAM, 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Vadillo
- Department for Molecular Biomedicine, Centre for Investigation and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (Cinvestav-IPN), Av. IPN 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, GAM, 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosana Pelayo
- Oncology Research Unit, National Medical Center, Mexican Institute for Social Security, 06720, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jan Rossaint
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Zarbock
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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24
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Gillams RJ, Lorenz CD, McLain SE. Comparative atomic-scale hydration of the ceramide and phosphocholine headgroup in solution and bilayer environments. J Chem Phys 2017; 144:225101. [PMID: 27306021 DOI: 10.1063/1.4952444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have used neutron diffraction to elucidate the hydration of the ceramide and the phosphatidylcholine headgroup in solution. These solution studies provide bond-length resolution information on the system, but are limited to liquid samples. The work presented here investigates how the hydration of ceramide and phosphatidylcholine headgroups in a solution compares with that found in a lipid bilayer. This work shows that the hydration patterns seen in the solution samples provide valuable insight into the preferential location of hydrating water molecules in the bilayer. There are certain subtle differences in the distribution, which result from a combination of the lipid conformation and the lipid-lipid interactions within the bilayer environment. The lipid-lipid interactions in the bilayer will be dependent on the composition of the bilayer, whereas the restricted exploration of conformational space is likely to be applicable in all membrane environments. The generalized description of hydration gathered from the neutron diffraction studies thus provides good initial estimation for the hydration pattern, but this can be further refined for specific systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Gillams
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Christian D Lorenz
- Department of Physics, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - Sylvia E McLain
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
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25
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Eleftheriadis N, Poelman H, Leus NGJ, Honrath B, Neochoritis CG, Dolga A, Dömling A, Dekker FJ. Design of a novel thiophene inhibitor of 15-lipoxygenase-1 with both anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 122:786-801. [PMID: 27477687 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The enzyme 15-lipoxygenase-1 (15-LOX-1) plays a dual role in diseases with an inflammatory component. On one hand 15-LOX-1 plays a role in pro-inflammatory gene expression and on the other hand it has been shown to be involved in central nervous system (CNS) disorders by its ability to mediate oxidative stress and damage of mitochondrial membranes under hypoxic conditions. In order to further explore applications in the CNS, novel 15-LOX-1 inhibitors with favorable physicochemical properties need to be developed. Here, we present Substitution Oriented Screening (SOS) in combination with Multi Component Chemistry (MCR) as an effective strategy to identify a diversely substituted small heterocyclic inhibitors for 15-LOX-1, denoted ThioLox, with physicochemical properties superior to previously identified inhibitors. Ex vivo biological evaluation in precision-cut lung slices (PCLS) showed inhibition of pro-inflammatory gene expression and in vitro studies on neuronal HT-22 cells showed a strong protection against glutamate toxicity for this 15-LOX-1 inhibitor. This provides a novel approach to identify novel small with favorable physicochemical properties for exploring 15-LOX-1 as a drug target in inflammatory diseases and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Eleftheriadis
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Hessel Poelman
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Niek G J Leus
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Birgit Honrath
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Constantinos G Neochoritis
- Department of Drug Design, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Amalia Dolga
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Dömling
- Department of Drug Design, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Frank J Dekker
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9713 AV, The Netherlands
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Kim J, Kim W, Moon UJ, Kim HJ, Choi HJ, Sin JI, Park NH, Cho HR, Kwon B. Intratumorally Establishing Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells Blocks Tumor Growth. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:2410-23. [PMID: 26829987 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A long-standing question in the field of tumor immunotherapy is how Th2 cytokines block tumor growth. Their antitumor effects are particularly prominent when they are secreted continuously in tumors, suggesting that Th2 cytokines may create a tumor microenvironment unfavorable for tumor growth independently of adaptive immunity. In this study, we show that local production of IL-33 establishes a high number of type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) with potent antitumor activity. IL-33 promotes secretion of a massive amount of CXCR2 ligands from ILC2s but creates a tumor microenvironment where tumor cells express CXCR2 through a dysfunctional angiogenesis/hypoxia/reactive oxygen species axis. These two signaling events converge to reinforce tumor cell-specific apoptosis through CXCR2. Our results identify a previously unrecognized antitumor therapeutic pathway wherein ILC2s play a central role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyang Kim
- Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital and School of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 682-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonyoung Kim
- Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital and School of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 682-714, Republic of Korea
| | - U J Moon
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun J Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jeong Choi
- Department of Pathology, Ulsan University Hospital and School of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 682-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Im Sin
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Neung H Park
- Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital and School of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 682-714, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital and School of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 682-714, Republic of Korea; and
| | - Hong R Cho
- Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital and School of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 682-714, Republic of Korea; Department of Surgery, Ulsan University Hospital and School of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 682-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungsuk Kwon
- Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital and School of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 682-714, Republic of Korea; School of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749, Republic of Korea;
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Frye M, Dierkes M, Küppers V, Vockel M, Tomm J, Zeuschner D, Rossaint J, Zarbock A, Koh GY, Peters K, Nottebaum AF, Vestweber D. Interfering with VE-PTP stabilizes endothelial junctions in vivo via Tie-2 in the absence of VE-cadherin. J Exp Med 2015; 212:2267-87. [PMID: 26642851 PMCID: PMC4689167 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20150718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of VE-PTP counters vascular leakage in inflammation via TIE-2, even in the absence of VE-cadherin. Vascular endothelial (VE)–protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) associates with VE-cadherin, thereby supporting its adhesive activity and endothelial junction integrity. VE-PTP also associates with Tie-2, dampening the tyrosine kinase activity of this receptor that can support stabilization of endothelial junctions. Here, we have analyzed how interference with VE-PTP affects the stability of endothelial junctions in vivo. Blocking VE-PTP by antibodies, a specific pharmacological inhibitor (AKB-9778), and gene ablation counteracted vascular leak induction by inflammatory mediators. In addition, leukocyte transmigration through the endothelial barrier was attenuated. Interference with Tie-2 expression in vivo reversed junction-stabilizing effects of AKB-9778 into junction-destabilizing effects. Furthermore, lack of Tie-2 was sufficient to weaken the vessel barrier. Mechanistically, inhibition of VE-PTP stabilized endothelial junctions via Tie-2, which triggered activation of Rap1, which then caused the dissolution of radial stress fibers via Rac1 and suppression of nonmuscle myosin II. Remarkably, VE-cadherin gene ablation did not abolish the junction-stabilizing effect of the VE-PTP inhibitor. Collectively, we conclude that inhibition of VE-PTP stabilizes challenged endothelial junctions in vivo via Tie-2 by a VE-cadherin–independent mechanism. In the absence of Tie-2, however, VE-PTP inhibition destabilizes endothelial barrier integrity in agreement with the VE-cadherin–supportive effect of VE-PTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Frye
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Martina Dierkes
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Verena Küppers
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Matthias Vockel
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Janina Tomm
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Dagmar Zeuschner
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jan Rossaint
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Zarbock
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Gou Young Koh
- Center for Vascular Research, Institute of Basic Science, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Dietmar Vestweber
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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Royer DJ, Zheng M, Conrady CD, Carr DJJ. Granulocytes in Ocular HSV-1 Infection: Opposing Roles of Mast Cells and Neutrophils. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2015; 56:3763-75. [PMID: 26066745 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-16900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The contributions of mast cells (MCs) to immunologic defense against pathogens in the eye are unknown. We have characterized pericorneal MCs as tissue-resident innate sentinels and determined their impact on the immune response to herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1), a common ocular pathogen. METHODS The impact of mast cells on the immune response to HSV-1 infection was investigated using MC-deficient Kit(W-sh) mice. Virus titers, inflammatory cytokine production, eicosanoid profiles, cellular immune responses, and ocular pathology were evaluated and compared with C57BL/6J mice during an acute corneal HSV-1 infection. RESULTS Corneas of Kit(W-sh) mice have higher viral titers, increased edema, and greater leukocyte infiltration following HSV-1 infection. Following infection, cytokine profiles were slightly elevated overall in Kit(W-sh) mice. Eicosanoid profiles were remarkably different only when comparing uninfected corneas from both groups. Neutrophils within infected corneas expressed HSV-1 antigen, lytic genes, and served as a disease-causing vector when adoptively transferred into immunocompromised animals. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells did not infiltrate into the cornea or suppress the expansion, recruitment, or cytokine production by CD8+ T cells following acute HSV-1 infection. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these findings provide new insight into host defense in the cornea and the pathogenesis of HSV-1 infection by identifying previously unacknowledged MCs as protective innate sentinels for infection of the ocular surface and reinforcing that neutrophils are detrimental to corneal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek J Royer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Min Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Christopher D Conrady
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Daniel J J Carr
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States 2Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
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Mashima R, Okuyama T. The role of lipoxygenases in pathophysiology; new insights and future perspectives. Redox Biol 2015; 6:297-310. [PMID: 26298204 PMCID: PMC4556770 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoxygenases (LOXs) are dioxygenases that catalyze the formation of corresponding hydroperoxides from polyunsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid and arachidonic acid. LOX enzymes are expressed in immune, epithelial, and tumor cells that display a variety of physiological functions, including inflammation, skin disorder, and tumorigenesis. In the humans and mice, six LOX isoforms have been known. 15-LOX, a prototypical enzyme originally found in reticulocytes shares the similarity of amino acid sequence as well as the biochemical property to plant LOX enzymes. 15-LOX-2, which is expressed in epithelial cells and leukocytes, has different substrate specificity in the humans and mice, therefore, the role of them in mammals has not been established. 12-LOX is an isoform expressed in epithelial cells and myeloid cells including platelets. Many mutations in this isoform are found in epithelial cancers, suggesting a potential link between 12-LOX and tumorigenesis. 12R-LOX can be found in the epithelial cells of the skin. Defects in this gene result in ichthyosis, a cutaneous disorder characterized by pathophysiologically dried skin due to abnormal loss of water from its epithelial cell layer. Similarly, eLOX-3, which is also expressed in the skin epithelial cells acting downstream 12R-LOX, is another causative factor for ichthyosis. 5-LOX is a distinct isoform playing an important role in asthma and inflammation. This isoform causes the constriction of bronchioles in response to cysteinyl leukotrienes such as LTC4, thus leading to asthma. It also induces neutrophilic inflammation by its recruitment in response to LTB4. Importantly, 5-LOX activity is strictly regulated by 5-LOX activating protein (FLAP) though the distribution of 5-LOX in the nucleus. Currently, pharmacological drugs targeting FLAP are actively developing. This review summarized these functions of LOX enzymes under pathophysiological conditions in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichi Mashima
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Ohkura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan.
| | - Torayuki Okuyama
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Ohkura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
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Faulkner J, Pye C, Al-Shabrawey M, Elmarakby AA. Inhibition of 12/15-Lipoxygenase Reduces Renal Inflammation and Injury in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 6. [PMID: 26823989 DOI: 10.4172/2155-6156.1000555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that 12/15 lipoxygenase (12/15-LO) is implicated in diabetic vascular complications. We hypothesize that 12/15-LO inhibition attenuates renal inflammation and injury in streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Diabetes was induced in wild-type C57BL/6J (WT) and 12/15-LO deficient mice using streptozotocin. Additionally, four groups of WT mice were also used; control non diabetic, diabetic, diabetic treated with the 12/15-LO inhibitor baicalein for 10 weeks and diabetic treated with baicalein only for the last 4 weeks of the experiment. After 10 weeks of induction of diabetes with streptozotocin, WT diabetic mice exhibited marked elevation in proteinuria together with elevation in the excretion levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARs), a marker of oxidative stress, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), a marker of inflammation and these changes were significantly reduced in 12/15-LO deficient diabetic mice (P<0.05). Similarly, pharmacological inhibition of 12/15-LO with baicalein prevented the elevation in renal 12-HETE production, the major murine metabolic product of 12/15-LO, in diabetic mice, and this effect was associated with decreased proteinuria, TBARs excretion and renal collagen deposition compared to untreated diabetic mice. Interestingly, the protective effects of baicalein were not noticed when only administered in the last 4 weeks of diabetes compared to untreated diabetic mice. WT diabetic mice displayed elevation in renal interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels and these changes were only reduced in diabetic mice treated with baicalein for 10 weeks (P<0.05). The anti-inflammatory effects of baicalein or 12/15-LO deficiency were further confirmed in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute renal inflammation as inhibition of 12/15-LO reduced the elevation in renal soluble epoxide hydrolase expression in LPS-injected mice. These results suggest that increased 12/15-LO activity and 12-HETE production contribute to the elevation of renal oxidative stress, inflammation and injury in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Faulkner
- Department of Oral Biology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Chelsey Pye
- Department of Oral Biology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Mohamed Al-Shabrawey
- Department of Oral Biology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Ahmed A Elmarakby
- Department of Oral Biology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
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Germena G, Volmering S, Sohlbach C, Zarbock A. Mutation in the CD45 inhibitory wedge modulates integrin activation and leukocyte recruitment during inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 194:728-38. [PMID: 25505282 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophil recruitment to the site of inflammation plays a pivotal role in host defense. Src family kinases (SFKs) activation is required for integrin and chemokine signaling as well as immune cell function. The receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatase CD45 positively regulates chemoattractant signaling acting on SFK activity. To further investigate the role of CD45 in neutrophil recruitment and function, we analyzed transgenic mice carrying a single point mutation (CD45E613R), which constitutively activates CD45. By using intravital microscopy experiments, we demonstrated that different steps of the leukocyte recruitment cascade were affected in CD45E613R mutant mice. The rolling velocity of CD45E613R mutant neutrophils was decreased compared with wild-type neutrophils that subsequently resulted in an increased number of adherent cells. The analysis of β2 integrins LFA-1 and macrophage-1 Ag (Mac-1) showed that in CD45E613R mutant neutrophils LFA-1 adhesiveness was impaired, and avidity was enhanced, whereas Mac-1 adhesiveness was increased. Because of the increased Mac-1 adhesiveness, neutrophil crawling was impaired in CD45E613R mutant compared with wild-type neutrophils. In an Escherichia coli lung infection model, CD45E613R mice displayed a decreased neutrophil recruitment into the alveolar compartment, which resulted in an increased number of CFUs in the lung. Our data demonstrate that the CD45E613R mutation modulates integrin activation and leukocyte recruitment during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Germena
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; andMax-Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Stephanie Volmering
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; andMax-Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Charlotte Sohlbach
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; andMax-Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Zarbock
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; andMax-Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Abstract
Platelets play crucial functions in hemostasis and the prevention of bleeding. During H1N1 influenza A virus infection, platelets display activation markers. The platelet activation triggers during H1N1 infection remain elusive. We observed that H1N1 induces surface receptor activation, lipid mediator synthesis, and release of microparticles from platelets. These activation processes require the presence of serum/plasma, pointing to the contribution of soluble factor(s). Considering that immune complexes in the H1N1 pandemic were reported to play a pathogenic role, we assessed their contribution in H1N1-induced platelet activation. In influenza-immunized subjects, we observed that the virus scaffolds with immunoglobulin G (IgG) to form immune complexes that promote platelet activation. Mechanistically, this activation occurs through stimulation of low-affinity type 2 receptor for Fc portion of IgG (FcγRIIA), a receptor for immune complexes, independently of thrombin. Using a combination of in vitro and in vivo approaches, we found that the antibodies from H3N2-immunized mice activate transgenic mouse platelets that express FcγRIIA when put in the presence of H1N1, suggesting that cross-reacting influenza antibodies suffice. Alternatively, H1N1 can activate platelets via thrombin formation, independently of complement and FcγRIIA. These observations identify both the adaptive immune response and the innate response against pathogens as 2 intertwined processes that activate platelets during influenza infections.
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Chattopadhyay R, Dyukova E, Singh NK, Ohba M, Mobley JA, Rao GN. Vascular endothelial tight junctions and barrier function are disrupted by 15(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid partly via protein kinase C ε-mediated zona occludens-1 phosphorylation at threonine 770/772. J Biol Chem 2013; 289:3148-63. [PMID: 24338688 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.528190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of tight junctions (TJs) perturbs endothelial barrier function and promotes inflammation. Previously, we have shown that 15(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15(S)-HETE), the major 15-lipoxygenase 1 (15-LO1) metabolite of arachidonic acid, by stimulating zona occludens (ZO)-2 tyrosine phosphorylation and its dissociation from claudins 1/5, induces endothelial TJ disruption and its barrier dysfunction. Here, we have studied the role of serine/threonine phosphorylation of TJ proteins in 15(S)-HETE-induced endothelial TJ disruption and its barrier dysfunction. We found that 15(S)-HETE enhances ZO-1 phosphorylation at Thr-770/772 residues via PKCε-mediated MEK1-ERK1/2 activation, causing ZO-1 dissociation from occludin, disrupting endothelial TJs and its barrier function, and promoting monocyte transmigration; these effects were reversed by T770A/T772A mutations. In the arteries of WT mice ex vivo, 15(S)-HETE also induced ZO-1 phosphorylation and endothelial TJ disruption in a PKCε and MEK1-ERK1/2-dependent manner. In line with these observations, in WT mice high fat diet feeding induced 12/15-lipoxygenase (12/15-LO) expression in the endothelium and caused disruption of its TJs and barrier function. However, in 12/15-LO(-/-) mice, high fat diet feeding did not cause disruption of endothelial TJs and barrier function. These observations suggest that the 12/15-LO-12/15(S)-HETE axis, in addition to tyrosine phosphorylation of ZO-2, also stimulates threonine phosphorylation of ZO-1 in the mediation of endothelial TJ disruption and its barrier dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima Chattopadhyay
- From the Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
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Parker JC. Acute lung injury and pulmonary vascular permeability: use of transgenic models. Compr Physiol 2013; 1:835-82. [PMID: 23737205 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c100013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury is a general term that describes injurious conditions that can range from mild interstitial edema to massive inflammatory tissue destruction. This review will cover theoretical considerations and quantitative and semi-quantitative methods for assessing edema formation and increased vascular permeability during lung injury. Pulmonary edema can be quantitated directly using gravimetric methods, or indirectly by descriptive microscopy, quantitative morphometric microscopy, altered lung mechanics, high-resolution computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, or x-ray films. Lung vascular permeability to fluid can be evaluated by measuring the filtration coefficient (Kf) and permeability to solutes evaluated from their blood to lung clearances. Albumin clearances can then be used to calculate specific permeability-surface area products (PS) and reflection coefficients (σ). These methods as applied to a wide variety of transgenic mice subjected to acute lung injury by hyperoxic exposure, sepsis, ischemia-reperfusion, acid aspiration, oleic acid infusion, repeated lung lavage, and bleomycin are reviewed. These commonly used animal models simulate features of the acute respiratory distress syndrome, and the preparation of genetically modified mice and their use for defining specific pathways in these disease models are outlined. Although the initiating events differ widely, many of the subsequent inflammatory processes causing lung injury and increased vascular permeability are surprisingly similar for many etiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Parker
- Department of Physiology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA.
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Hoffman P, Rauová D, Bezáková L, Obložinský M, Mikuš P. HPLC method for determination of lipoxygenase positional specific products. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 84:53-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Do-Umehara HC, Chen C, Urich D, Zhou L, Qiu J, Jang S, Zander A, Baker MA, Eilers M, Sporn PHS, Ridge KM, Sznajder JI, Budinger GRS, Mutlu GM, Lin A, Liu J. Suppression of inflammation and acute lung injury by Miz1 via repression of C/EBP-δ. Nat Immunol 2013; 14:461-9. [PMID: 23525087 PMCID: PMC3631447 DOI: 10.1038/ni.2566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is essential for host defense but can cause tissue damage and organ failure if unchecked. How the inflammation is resolved remains elusive. Here we report that the transcription factor Miz1 was required for terminating lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation. Genetic disruption of the Miz1 POZ domain, which is essential for its transactivation or repression activity, resulted in hyper-inflammation, lung injury and increased mortality in LPS-treated mice while reduced bacterial load and mortality in mice with Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. Loss of the Miz1 POZ domain prolonged pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. Upon stimulation, Miz1 was phosphorylated at Ser178, which is required for recruiting histone deacetylase 1 to repress transcription of C/EBP-δ, an amplifier of inflammation. Our data provide a long-sought mechanism underlying resolution of LPS-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanh Chi Do-Umehara
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Othman A, Ahmad S, Megyerdi S, Mussell R, Choksi K, Maddipati KR, Elmarakby A, Rizk N, Al-Shabrawey M. 12/15-Lipoxygenase-derived lipid metabolites induce retinal endothelial cell barrier dysfunction: contribution of NADPH oxidase. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57254. [PMID: 23437353 PMCID: PMC3577708 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effect of 12/15- lipoxygenase (12/15-LOX) metabolites on retinal endothelial cell (REC) barrier function. FITC-dextran flux across the REC monolayers and electrical cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) were used to evaluate the effect of 12- and 15-hydroxyeicosatetreanoic acids (HETE) on REC permeability and transcellular electrical resistance (TER). Effect of 12- or 15-HETE on the levels of zonula occludens protein 1 (ZO-1), reactive oxygen species (ROS), NOX2, pVEGF-R2 and pSHP1 was examined in the presence or absence of inhibitors of NADPH oxidase. In vivo studies were performed using Ins2Akita mice treated with or without the 12/15-LOX inhibitor baicalein. Levels of HETE and inflammatory mediators were examined by LC/MS and Multiplex Immunoassay respectively. ROS generation and NOX2 expression were also measured in mice retinas. 12- and 15- HETE significantly increased permeability and reduced TER and ZO-1expression in REC. VEGF-R2 inhibitor reduced the permeability effect of 12-HETE. Treatment of REC with HETE also increased ROS generation and expression of NOX2 and pVEGF-R2 and decreased pSHP1 expression. Treatment of diabetic mice with baicalein significantly decreased retinal HETE, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, IL-6, ROS generation, and NOX2 expression. Baicalein also reduced pVEGF-R2 while restored pSHP1 levels in diabetic retina. Our findings suggest that 12/15-LOX contributes to vascular hyperpermeability during DR via NADPH oxidase dependent mechanism which involves suppression of protein tyrosine phosphatase and activation of VEGF-R2 signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Othman
- Department of Oral Biology/Anatomy, College of Dental Medicine, Georgia Regents University (GRU), Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Saif Ahmad
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University (GRU), Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Sylvia Megyerdi
- Department of Oral Biology/Anatomy, College of Dental Medicine, Georgia Regents University (GRU), Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Rene Mussell
- Department of Oral Biology/Anatomy, College of Dental Medicine, Georgia Regents University (GRU), Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Karishma Choksi
- Department of Oral Biology/Anatomy, College of Dental Medicine, Georgia Regents University (GRU), Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Krishna Rao Maddipati
- Department of Pathology, Wayne States University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Ahmed Elmarakby
- Department of Oral Biology/Anatomy, College of Dental Medicine, Georgia Regents University (GRU), Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University (GRU), Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Nasser Rizk
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Science, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohamed Al-Shabrawey
- Department of Oral Biology/Anatomy, College of Dental Medicine, Georgia Regents University (GRU), Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University (GRU), Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University (GRU), Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Rossaint J, Zarbock A. Tissue-specific neutrophil recruitment into the lung, liver, and kidney. J Innate Immun 2012; 5:348-57. [PMID: 23257511 DOI: 10.1159/000345943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The recruitment of immune cells is crucial for the development of inflammatory processes. The classical recruitment cascade of neutrophils into inflamed tissues is well understood and consists of capturing, rolling, slow rolling, arrest, postadhesion strengthening, crawling, and transmigration. While this commonly agreed paradigm might be applicable to most peripheral tissues, recruitment mechanisms may substantially vary in different organs such as the lung, liver, and kidney. These organs are highly specialized tissues with unique cell populations and structural organization, which enables them to fulfill their individual functions. The published research over the last decade has shed some light on organ-specific mechanisms of neutrophil recruitment and helped to generate a deeper understanding of the specific recruitment mechanisms involved in this process. The aim of this review is to highlight current concepts of tissue-specific differences and similarities of neutrophil recruitment into the lung, liver, and kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Rossaint
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, and Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
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Zasłona Z, Peters-Golden M. A lipid mediator controls neutrophil recruitment in acute lung injury--should we really be surprised? CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2012; 16:161. [PMID: 23102473 PMCID: PMC3682262 DOI: 10.1186/cc11519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
New therapeutic approaches are sorely needed for acute lung injury. Neutrophil recruitment is a pathological hallmark of this syndrome, and is mainly regulated by CXC chemokine receptor 2 and its ligand CXC ligand 1. Rossaint and colleagues have described a new mechanism for regulation of this axis by 12/15-lipoxygenase products. This work opens the door for new therapeutic approaches and highlights the crucial interplay between lipid mediators and chemokines, a time-honored but often-ignored concept.
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Uderhardt S, Krönke G. 12/15-lipoxygenase during the regulation of inflammation, immunity, and self-tolerance. J Mol Med (Berl) 2012; 90:1247-56. [PMID: 22983484 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-012-0954-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
12/15-Lipoxygenase (12/15-LO) catalyzes the oxidation of free and esterified fatty acids thereby generating a whole spectrum of bioactive lipid mediators. This enzyme is involved in the regulation of various homeostatic processes as well as in the pathogenesis of multiple diseases. During the innate and adaptive immune response, 12/15-LO and its products exert both pro- and anti-inflammatory effects. Likewise, this enzyme has been implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease as well as in the maintenance of self-tolerance. This review will summarize our current knowledge about the role of 12/15-LO and will try to examine the two faces of this enzyme within the context of inflammation and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Uderhardt
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 and Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Rossaint J, Nadler JL, Ley K, Zarbock A. Eliminating or blocking 12/15-lipoxygenase reduces neutrophil recruitment in mouse models of acute lung injury. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2012; 16:R166. [PMID: 22973824 PMCID: PMC3682261 DOI: 10.1186/cc11518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute lung injury (ALI) is a common disease in critically ill patients with a high morbidity and mortality. 12/15-lipoxygenase (12/15-LO) is an enzyme generating 12-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) and 15-HETE from arachidonic acid. It has been shown that 12/15-LO is involved in the regulation of vascular permeability during ALI. METHODS To test whether 12/15-LO participates in leukocyte recruitment into the lung, we investigated the role of 12/15-LO in mouse models of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pulmonary inflammation and acid-induced ALI, a clinically relevant model of acute lung injury. RESULTS The increase in neutrophil recruitment following LPS inhalation was reduced in 12/15-LO-deficient (Alox15(-/-)) mice and in wild-type (WT) mice after the blocking of 12/15-LO with a pharmacological inhibitor. Bone marrow chimeras revealed that 12/15-LO in hematopoietic cells regulates neutrophil accumulation in the interstitial and alveolar compartments, whereas the accumulation of neutrophils in the intravascular compartment is regulated by 12/15-LO in non-hematopoietic and hematopoietic cells. Mechanistically, the increased plasma levels of the chemokine CXCL1 in Alox15(-/-) mice led to a reduced response of the neutrophil chemokine receptor CXCR2 to stimulation with CXCL1, which in turn abrogated neutrophil recruitment. Alox15(-/-) mice also showed decreased edema formation, reduced neutrophil recruitment and improved gas exchange in an acid-induced ALI model. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that 12/15-LO modulates neutrophil recruitment into the lung by regulating chemokine/chemokine receptor homeostasis.
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Westphalen K, Monma E, Islam MN, Bhattacharya J. Acid contact in the rodent pulmonary alveolus causes proinflammatory signaling by membrane pore formation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2012; 303:L107-16. [PMID: 22561462 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00206.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although gastric acid aspiration causes rapid lung inflammation and acute lung injury, the initiating mechanisms are not known. To determine alveolar epithelial responses to acid, we viewed live alveoli of the isolated lung by fluorescence microscopy, then we microinjected the alveoli with HCl at pH of 1.5. The microinjection caused an immediate but transient formation of molecule-scale pores in the apical alveolar membrane, resulting in loss of cytosolic dye. However, the membrane rapidly resealed. There was no cell damage and no further dye loss despite continuous HCl injection. Concomitantly, reactive oxygen species (ROS) increased in the adjacent perialveolar microvascular endothelium in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner. By contrast, ROS did not increase in wild-type mice in which we gave intra-alveolar injections of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-catalase, in mice overexpressing alveolar catalase, or in mice lacking functional NADPH oxidase (Nox2). Together, our findings indicate the presence of an unusual proinflammatory mechanism in which alveolar contact with acid caused membrane pore formation. The effect, although transient, was nevertheless sufficient to induce Ca(2+) entry and Nox2-dependent H(2)O(2) release from the alveolar epithelium. These responses identify alveolar H(2)O(2) release as the signaling mechanism responsible for lung inflammation induced by acid and suggest that intra-alveolar PEG-catalase might be therapeutic in acid-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Westphalen
- Lung Biology Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
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Broermann A, Winderlich M, Block H, Frye M, Rossaint J, Zarbock A, Cagna G, Linnepe R, Schulte D, Nottebaum AF, Vestweber D. Dissociation of VE-PTP from VE-cadherin is required for leukocyte extravasation and for VEGF-induced vascular permeability in vivo. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 208:2393-401. [PMID: 22025303 PMCID: PMC3256962 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20110525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Artificially stabilizing contacts between VE-cadherin and VE-PTP reduce vascular permeability and leukocyte extravasation in vivo. We have recently shown that vascular endothelial protein tyrosine phosphatase (VE-PTP), an endothelial membrane protein, associates with VE-cadherin and is required for optimal VE-cadherin function and endothelial cell contact integrity. The dissociation of VE-PTP from VE-cadherin is triggered by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and by the binding of leukocytes to endothelial cells in vitro, suggesting that this dissociation is a prerequisite for the destabilization of endothelial cell contacts. Here, we show that VE-cadherin/VE-PTP dissociation also occurs in vivo in response to LPS stimulation of the lung or systemic VEGF stimulation. To show that this dissociation is indeed necessary in vivo for leukocyte extravasation and VEGF-induced vascular permeability, we generated knock-in mice expressing the fusion proteins VE-cadherin-FK 506 binding protein and VE-PTP-FRB* under the control of the endogenous VE-cadherin promoter, thus replacing endogenous VE-cadherin. The additional domains in both fusion proteins allow the heterodimeric complex to be stabilized by a chemical compound (rapalog). We found that intravenous application of the rapalog strongly inhibited VEGF-induced (skin) and LPS-induced (lung) vascular permeability and inhibited neutrophil extravasation in the IL-1β inflamed cremaster and the LPS-inflamed lung. We conclude that the dissociation of VE-PTP from VE-cadherin is indeed required in vivo for the opening of endothelial cell contacts during induction of vascular permeability and leukocyte extravasation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Broermann
- Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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Chen H, Bai C, Wang X. The value of the lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury model in respiratory medicine. Expert Rev Respir Med 2011; 4:773-83. [PMID: 21128752 DOI: 10.1586/ers.10.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) is a syndrome characterized by pulmonary edema and acute inflammation. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a major component in Gram-negative bacteria, has been used to induce ALI/ARDS. LPS-induced animal models highlight ways to explore mechanisms of multiple diseases and provide useful information on the discovery of novel biomarkers and drug targets. However, each model has its own merits and drawbacks. The goal of this article is to summarize and evaluate the results of experimental findings in LPS-induced ALI/ARDS, and the possible mechanisms and treatments elucidated. Advantages and disadvantages of such models in pulmonary research and new directions for future investigations are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Matthay MA, Idell S. Update on acute lung injury and critical care medicine 2009. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2010; 181:1027-32. [PMID: 20460547 PMCID: PMC3269230 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201001-0074up] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2010] [Accepted: 02/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Matthay
- Department of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143-0624, USA.
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