1
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Steggerda JA, Heeger PS. The Promise of Complement Therapeutics in Solid Organ Transplantation. Transplantation 2024:00007890-990000000-00655. [PMID: 38361233 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Transplantation is the ideal therapy for end-stage organ failure, but outcomes for all transplant organs are suboptimal, underscoring the need to develop novel approaches to improve graft survival and function. The complement system, traditionally considered a component of innate immunity, is now known to broadly control inflammation and crucially contribute to induction and function of adaptive T-cell and B-cell immune responses, including those induced by alloantigens. Interest of pharmaceutical industries in complement therapeutics for nontransplant indications and the understanding that the complement system contributes to solid organ transplantation injury through multiple mechanisms raise the possibility that targeting specific complement components could improve transplant outcomes and patient health. Here, we provide an overview of complement biology and review the roles and mechanisms through which the complement system is pathogenically linked to solid organ transplant injury. We then discuss how this knowledge has been translated into novel therapeutic strategies to improve organ transplant outcomes and identify areas for future investigation. Although the clinical application of complement-targeted therapies in transplantation remains in its infancy, the increasing availability of new agents in this arena provides a rich environment for potentially transformative translational transplant research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin A Steggerda
- Division of Abdominal Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Peter S Heeger
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
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2
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Li XX, Fung JN, Clark RJ, Lee JD, Woodruff TM. Cell-intrinsic C5a synergizes with Dectin-1 in macrophages to mediate fungal killing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2314627121. [PMID: 38252818 PMCID: PMC10835034 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2314627121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The complement factor C5a is a core effector product of complement activation. C5a, acting through its receptors C5aR1 and C5aR2, exerts pleiotropic immunomodulatory functions in myeloid cells, which is vital for host defense against pathogens. Pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) are similarly expressed by immune cells as detectors of pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Although there is evidence of cross talk between complement and PRR signaling pathways, knowledge of the full potential for C5a-PRR interaction is limited. In this study, we comprehensively investigated how C5a signaling through C5a receptors can modulate diverse PRR-mediated cytokine responses in human primary monocyte-derived macrophages and observed a powerful, concentration-dependent bidirectional effect of C5a on PRR activities. Unexpectedly, C5a synergized with Dectin-1, Mincle, and STING in macrophages to a much greater extent than TLRs. Notably, we also identified that selective Dectin-1 activation using depleted zymosan triggered macrophages to generate cell-intrinsic C5a, which acted on intracellular and cell surface C5aR1, to help sustain mitochondrial ROS generation, up-regulate TNFα production, and enhance fungal killing. This study adds further evidence to the holistic functions of C5a as a central immunomodulator and important orchestrator of pathogen sensing and killing by phagocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xaria X. Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD4072, Australia
| | - Jenny N. Fung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD4072, Australia
| | - Richard J. Clark
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD4072, Australia
| | - John D. Lee
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD4072, Australia
| | - Trent M. Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD4072, Australia
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3
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Yadav MK, Maharana J, Yadav R, Saha S, Sarma P, Soni C, Singh V, Saha S, Ganguly M, Li XX, Mohapatra S, Mishra S, Khant HA, Chami M, Woodruff TM, Banerjee R, Shukla AK, Gati C. Molecular basis of anaphylatoxin binding, activation, and signaling bias at complement receptors. Cell 2023; 186:4956-4973.e21. [PMID: 37852260 PMCID: PMC7615941 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The complement system is a critical part of our innate immune response, and the terminal products of this cascade, anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a, exert their physiological and pathophysiological responses primarily via two GPCRs, C3aR and C5aR1. However, the molecular mechanism of ligand recognition, activation, and signaling bias of these receptors remains mostly elusive. Here, we present nine cryo-EM structures of C3aR and C5aR1 activated by their natural and synthetic agonists, which reveal distinct binding pocket topologies of complement anaphylatoxins and provide key insights into receptor activation and transducer coupling. We also uncover the structural basis of a naturally occurring mechanism to dampen the inflammatory response of C5a via proteolytic cleavage of the terminal arginine and the G-protein signaling bias elicited by a peptide agonist of C3aR identified here. In summary, our study elucidates the innerworkings of the complement anaphylatoxin receptors and should facilitate structure-guided drug discovery to target these receptors in a spectrum of disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish K Yadav
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Jagannath Maharana
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Ravi Yadav
- Molecular and Computational Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; The Bridge Institute, Michelson Center for Convergent Biosciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shirsha Saha
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Parishmita Sarma
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Chahat Soni
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Vinay Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Sayantan Saha
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Manisankar Ganguly
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Xaria X Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Samanwita Mohapatra
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Sudha Mishra
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Htet A Khant
- USC Center of Excellence for Nano-Imaging, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mohamed Chami
- BioEM Lab, Biozentrum, Universität Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Trent M Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ramanuj Banerjee
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India.
| | - Arun K Shukla
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India.
| | - Cornelius Gati
- Molecular and Computational Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; The Bridge Institute, Michelson Center for Convergent Biosciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Chemistry, Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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4
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Notarantonio AB, D'aveni-Piney M, Pagliuca S, Ashraf Y, Galimard JE, Xhaard A, Marçais A, Suarez F, Brissot E, Feugier P, Urien S, Bouazza N, Jacquelin S, Meatchi T, Bruneval P, Frémeaux-Bacchi V, Peffault De Latour R, Hermine O, Durey-Dragon MA, Rubio MT. Systemic complement activation influences outcomes after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation: A prospective French multicenter trial. Am J Hematol 2023; 98:1559-1570. [PMID: 37483161 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.27030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Complement activation has shown a role in murine models of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and in endothelial complications after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). However, its impact on post-transplant outcomes has not been so far fully elucidated. Here, we conducted a prospective multicentric trial (NCT01520623) performing serial measurements of complement proteins, regulators, and CH50 activity for 12 weeks after allo-HSCT in 85 patients receiving a myeloablative conditioning (MAC) regimen for various hematological malignancies. Twenty-six out of 85 patients showed an "activated" complement profile through the classical/lectin pathway, defined as a post-transplant decline of C3/C4 and CH50 activity. Time-dependent Cox regression models demonstrated that complement activation within the first weeks after allo-HSCT was associated with increased non-relapse mortality (hazard ratio [HR]: 3.69, 95% confident interval [CI]: 1.55-8.78, p = .003) and poorer overall survival (HR: 2.72, 95% CI: 1.37-5.39, p = .004) due to increased incidence of grade II-IV acute GVHD and in particular gastrointestinal (GI) GVHD (HR: 36.8, 95% CI: 12.4-109.1, p < .001), higher incidences of thrombotic microangiopathy (HR: 8.58, 95% CI: 2.16-34.08, p = .0022), capillary leak syndrome (HR: 7.36, 95% CI: 2.51-21.66, p = .00028), post-engraftment bacterial infections (HR: 2.37, 95% CI: 1.22-4.63, p = .0108), and EBV reactivation (HR: 3.33, 95% CI: 1.31-8.45, p = .0112). Through specific immune staining, we showed the correlation of deposition of C1q, C3d, C4d, and of C5b9 components on endothelial cells in GI GVHD lesions with the histological grade of GVHD. Altogether these findings define the epidemiology and the clinical impact of complement classical/lectin pathway activation after MAC regimens and provide a rational for the use of complement inhibitory therapeutics in a post-allo-HSCT setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Béatrice Notarantonio
- Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital Brabois, CHRU Nancy and CNRS UMR 7365, IMoPA, Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Maud D'aveni-Piney
- Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital Brabois, CHRU Nancy and CNRS UMR 7365, IMoPA, Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
- Laboratory of Physiopathology of Hematological Disorders and Their Therapeutic Implications, INSERM U1158 Imagine Institute, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Simona Pagliuca
- Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital Brabois, CHRU Nancy and CNRS UMR 7365, IMoPA, Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Yayha Ashraf
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Université Paris Cité and UMR S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | | | - Aliénor Xhaard
- BMT Unit, Saint-Louis Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), University of Paris VII, Paris, France
| | - Ambroise Marçais
- Service d'Hématologie Clinique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker, Paris, France
| | - Felipe Suarez
- Service d'Hématologie Clinique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker, Paris, France
| | - Eolia Brissot
- Service d'Hématologie Clinique et de Thérapie Cellulaire, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Feugier
- Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital Brabois, CHRU Nancy and CNRS UMR 7365, IMoPA, Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Saik Urien
- Unité de Recherche Clinique, Paris Centre Necker Cochin, Hôpital Tarnier, Paris, France
| | - Naim Bouazza
- Unité de Recherche Clinique, Paris Centre Necker Cochin, Hôpital Tarnier, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Jacquelin
- Laboratory of Physiopathology of Hematological Disorders and Their Therapeutic Implications, INSERM U1158 Imagine Institute, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Tchao Meatchi
- Service d'Anatomopathologie, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Bruneval
- Service d'Anatomopathologie, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Frémeaux-Bacchi
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Université Paris Cité and UMR S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Régis Peffault De Latour
- BMT Unit, Saint-Louis Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), University of Paris VII, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Hermine
- Laboratory of Physiopathology of Hematological Disorders and Their Therapeutic Implications, INSERM U1158 Imagine Institute, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Service d'Hématologie Clinique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker, Paris, France
| | - Marie Agnès Durey-Dragon
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Université Paris Cité and UMR S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Thérèse Rubio
- Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital Brabois, CHRU Nancy and CNRS UMR 7365, IMoPA, Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
- Laboratory of Physiopathology of Hematological Disorders and Their Therapeutic Implications, INSERM U1158 Imagine Institute, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
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5
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Liu X, Wang W, Tan S, Liu H, Li Z, Wang N, Ma J, Han S, Wu Z, Shi K, Sha Z. C5a drives the inflammatory response with bacterial dose effect by binding to C5aR1 in zebrafish infected with Aeromonas hydrophila. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 139:108873. [PMID: 37271327 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The complement system is essential to host defense, but its excessive activation caused by severe pathogen invasion is a driving force in adverse inflammatory. The binding of complement component 5a (C5a) and complement component 5a receptor 1 (C5aR1) is the key to trigger complement-mediated inflammatory response in mammals. However, the role of C5a-C5aR1 axis in fish immune response remains obscure. In this study, the role of C5a-C5aR1 axis of zebrafish (Danio rerio) after serious infection with Aeromonas hydrophila was investigated. C5a and C5aR1 of zebrafish were cloned, with CDS sequences of 228 and 1041 bp, respectively, and they were widely expressed in various tissues with the highest expression in the liver and spleen, respectively. The survival of zebrafish was closely correlated to the dose of A. hydrophila. The cytokine storm occurred at high concentrations of A. hydrophila infection. At 24 h post infection (hpi), the expression of C5a and C5aR1 in the spleen increased 26.8-fold and 9.9-fold in treatment group 1 (TG1, 3.0 × 107 CFU/mL) (P < 0.01), and 4.7-fold and 3.4-fold in treatment group 2 (TG2, 1.0 × 107 CFU/mL) (P < 0.05), respectively. Correspondingly, proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and interleukin-17 (IL-17) were positively correlated to C5a and C5aR1 at mRNA and protein expression levels. The expression of IL-1β was significantly increased in the spleen at 6 hpi, with a 599.2-fold and 203.2-fold upregulation in TG1 and TG2 (P < 0.001), respectively. Moreover, after inhibition of C5a-C5aR1 binding treated with C5aR1 antagonist (W-54011), zebrafish showed lower expression of C5a, C5aR1, and cytokines, less intestinal damage, and significantly enhancement of survival (P < 0.05) after A. hydrophila challenge. This study revealed that the inflammatory effect of C5a was achieved by binding to C5aR1 in zebrafish, providing novel insights into using C5a-C5aR1 axis as an effective target to reduce bacterial inflammation and disease in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinbao Liu
- Institute of Aquatic Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Wenwen Wang
- Institute of Aquatic Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Suxu Tan
- Institute of Aquatic Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Hongning Liu
- Institute of Aquatic Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zhujun Li
- Institute of Aquatic Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Ningning Wang
- Institute of Aquatic Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China; College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Institute of Aquatic Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Sen Han
- Institute of Aquatic Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zhendong Wu
- Institute of Aquatic Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Kunpeng Shi
- Institute of Aquatic Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zhenxia Sha
- Institute of Aquatic Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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6
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Budkowska M, Ostrycharz E, Serwin NM, Nazarewski Ł, Cecerska-Heryć E, Poręcka M, Rykowski P, Pietrzak R, Zieniewicz K, Siennicka A, Hukowska-Szematowicz B, Dołęgowska B. Biomarkers of the Complement System Activation (C3a, C5a, sC5b-9) in Serum of Patients before and after Liver Transplantation. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2070. [PMID: 37509709 PMCID: PMC10377212 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11072070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver has a huge impact on the functioning of our body and the preservation of homeostasis. It is exposed to many serious diseases, which may lead to the chronic failure of this organ, which is becoming a global health problem today. Currently, the final form of treatment in patients with end-stage (acute and chronic) organ failure is transplantation. The proper function of transplanted organs depends on many cellular processes and immune and individual factors. An enormous role in the process of acceptance or rejection of a transplanted organ is attributed to, among others, the activation of the complement system. The aim of this study was the evaluation of the concentration of selected biomarkers' complement system activation (C3a, C5a, and sC5b-9 (terminal complement complex)) in the serum of patients before and after liver transplantation (24 h, two weeks). The study was conducted on a group of 100 patients undergoing liver transplantation. There were no complications during surgery and no transplant rejection in any of the patients. All patients were discharged home 2-3 weeks after the surgery. The levels of all analyzed components of the complement system were measured using the ELISA method. Additionally, the correlations of the basic laboratory parameters-C-reactive protein (CRP), hemoglobin (Hb), total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP), and albumin-with the parameters of the complement system (C3a, C5a, and sC5b-9) were determined. In our study, changes in the concentrations of all examined complement system components before and after liver transplantation were observed, with the lowest values before liver transplantation and the highest concentration two weeks after. The direct increase in components of the complement system (C3a, C5a, and sC5b-9) 24 h after transplantation likely affects liver damage after ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), while their increase two weeks after transplantation may contribute to transplant tolerance. Increasingly, attention is being paid to the role of C3a and CRP as biomarkers of damage and failure of various organs. From the point of view of liver transplantation, the most interesting correlation in our own research was found exactly between CRP and C3a, 24 h after the transplantation. This study shows that changes in complement activation biomarkers and the correlation with CRP in blood could be a prognostic signature of liver allograft survival or rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Budkowska
- Department of Medical Analytics, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ewa Ostrycharz
- Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, 71-412 Szczecin, Poland
- Doctoral School, University of Szczecin, 70-383 Szczecin, Poland
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Center, University of Szczecin, 71-412 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Natalia Maria Serwin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Łukasz Nazarewski
- Department of General, Transplant and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, ul Banacha 1a, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Cecerska-Heryć
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marta Poręcka
- Department of General, Transplant and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, ul Banacha 1a, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Rykowski
- Department of General, Transplant and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, ul Banacha 1a, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Radosław Pietrzak
- Department of General, Transplant and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, ul Banacha 1a, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Zieniewicz
- Department of General, Transplant and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, ul Banacha 1a, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aldona Siennicka
- Department of Medical Analytics, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Beata Hukowska-Szematowicz
- Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, 71-412 Szczecin, Poland
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Center, University of Szczecin, 71-412 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Barbara Dołęgowska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
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7
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Hammadi S, Tzoumas N, Ferrara M, Meschede IP, Lo K, Harris C, Lako M, Steel DH. Bruch's Membrane: A Key Consideration with Complement-Based Therapies for Age-Related Macular Degeneration. J Clin Med 2023; 12:2870. [PMID: 37109207 PMCID: PMC10145879 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12082870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement system is crucial for immune surveillance, providing the body's first line of defence against pathogens. However, an imbalance in its regulators can lead to inappropriate overactivation, resulting in diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a leading cause of irreversible blindness globally affecting around 200 million people. Complement activation in AMD is believed to begin in the choriocapillaris, but it also plays a critical role in the subretinal and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) spaces. Bruch's membrane (BrM) acts as a barrier between the retina/RPE and choroid, hindering complement protein diffusion. This impediment increases with age and AMD, leading to compartmentalisation of complement activation. In this review, we comprehensively examine the structure and function of BrM, including its age-related changes visible through in vivo imaging, and the consequences of complement dysfunction on AMD pathogenesis. We also explore the potential and limitations of various delivery routes (systemic, intravitreal, subretinal, and suprachoroidal) for safe and effective delivery of conventional and gene therapy-based complement inhibitors to treat AMD. Further research is needed to understand the diffusion of complement proteins across BrM and optimise therapeutic delivery to the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Hammadi
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Nikolaos Tzoumas
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
- Sunderland Eye Infirmary, Queen Alexandra Rd., Sunderland SR2 9H, UK
| | | | - Ingrid Porpino Meschede
- Gyroscope Therapeutics Limited, a Novartis Company, Rolling Stock Yard, 6th Floor, 188 York Way, London N7 9AS, UK
| | - Katharina Lo
- Gyroscope Therapeutics Limited, a Novartis Company, Rolling Stock Yard, 6th Floor, 188 York Way, London N7 9AS, UK
| | - Claire Harris
- Gyroscope Therapeutics Limited, a Novartis Company, Rolling Stock Yard, 6th Floor, 188 York Way, London N7 9AS, UK
- Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Majlinda Lako
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - David H. Steel
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
- Sunderland Eye Infirmary, Queen Alexandra Rd., Sunderland SR2 9H, UK
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8
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Li XX, Gorman DM, Lee JD, Clark RJ, Woodruff TM. Unexpected Off-Target Activities for Recombinant C5a in Human Macrophages. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:133-142. [PMID: 34853076 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The anaphylatoxin C5a is core effector of complement activation. C5a exerts potent proinflammatory and immunomodulatory actions through interacting with its C5a receptors, C5aR1 and C5aR2, modulating multiple signaling and functional activities of immune cells. Native C5a contains a large N-linked glycosylation site at Asn64, which accounts for up to 25% of its m.w. To date, the vast majority of published studies examining C5a are performed using Escherichia coli-generated recombinant C5a, which is readily available from numerous commercial suppliers, but lacks this glycosylation moiety. However, a plasma-purified "native" form of C5a is also commercially available. The different size and glycosylation of these two C5a versions could have functional implications. Therefore, the current study aimed to compare recombinant human C5a to purified plasma-derived human C5a in driving the signaling and functional activities of human primary macrophages. We found that both versions of C5a displayed similar potencies at triggering C5aR1- and C5aR2-mediated cell signaling, but elicited distinct functional responses in primary human monocyte-derived macrophages. Multiple commercial sources of recombinant C5a, but not the plasma-purified or a synthetic C5a version, induced human monocyte-derived macrophages to produce IL-6 and IL-10 in a C5a receptor-independent manner, which was driven through Syk and NF-κB signaling and apparently not due to endotoxin contamination. Our results, therefore, offer caution against the sole use of recombinant human C5a, particularly in functional/cytokine assays conducted in human primary immune cells, and suggest studies using recombinant human C5a should be paired with C5aR1 inhibitors or purified/synthetic human C5a to confirm relevant findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xaria X Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Declan M Gorman
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - John D Lee
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Richard J Clark
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Trent M Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
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9
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Hajishengallis G, Lamont RJ. Polymicrobial communities in periodontal disease: Their quasi-organismal nature and dialogue with the host. Periodontol 2000 2021; 86:210-230. [PMID: 33690950 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In health, indigenous polymicrobial communities at mucosal surfaces maintain an ecological balance via both inter-microbial and host-microbial interactions that promote their own and the host's fitness, while preventing invasion by exogenous pathogens. However, genetic and acquired destabilizing factors (including immune deficiencies, immunoregulatory defects, smoking, diet, obesity, diabetes and other systemic diseases, and aging) may disrupt this homeostatic balance, leading to selective outgrowth of species with the potential for destructive inflammation. This process, known as dysbiosis, underlies the development of periodontitis in susceptible hosts. The pathogenic process is not linear but involves a positive-feedback loop between dysbiosis and the host inflammatory response. The dysbiotic community is essentially a quasi-organismal entity, where constituent organisms communicate via sophisticated physical and chemical signals and display functional specialization (eg, accessory pathogens, keystone pathogens, pathobionts), which enables polymicrobial synergy and dictates the community's pathogenic potential or nososymbiocity. In this review, we discuss early and recent studies in support of the polymicrobial synergy and dysbiosis model of periodontal disease pathogenesis. According to this concept, disease is not caused by individual "causative pathogens" but rather by reciprocally reinforced interactions between physically and metabolically integrated polymicrobial communities and a dysregulated host inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Hajishengallis
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, Penn Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Richard J Lamont
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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10
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Haddad G, Lorenzen JM, Ma H, de Haan N, Seeger H, Zaghrini C, Brandt S, Kölling M, Wegmann U, Kiss B, Pál G, Gál P, Wüthrich RP, Wuhrer M, Beck LH, Salant DJ, Lambeau G, Kistler AD. Altered glycosylation of IgG4 promotes lectin complement pathway activation in anti-PLA2R1-associated membranous nephropathy. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:140453. [PMID: 33351779 DOI: 10.1172/jci140453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary membranous nephropathy (pMN) is a leading cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults. In most cases, this autoimmune kidney disease is associated with autoantibodies against the M-type phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R1) expressed on kidney podocytes, but the mechanisms leading to glomerular damage remain elusive. Here, we developed a cell culture model using human podocytes and found that anti-PLA2R1-positive pMN patient sera or isolated IgG4, but not IgG4-depleted sera, induced proteolysis of the 2 essential podocyte proteins synaptopodin and NEPH1 in the presence of complement, resulting in perturbations of the podocyte cytoskeleton. Specific blockade of the lectin pathway prevented degradation of synaptopodin and NEPH1. Anti-PLA2R1 IgG4 directly bound mannose-binding lectin in a glycosylation-dependent manner. In a cohort of pMN patients, we identified increased levels of galactose-deficient IgG4, which correlated with anti-PLA2R1 titers and podocyte damage induced by patient sera. Assembly of the terminal C5b-9 complement complex and activation of the complement receptors C3aR1 or C5aR1 were required to induce proteolysis of synaptopodin and NEPH1 by 2 distinct proteolytic pathways mediated by cysteine and aspartic proteinases, respectively. Together, these results demonstrated a mechanism by which aberrantly glycosylated IgG4 activated the lectin pathway and induced podocyte injury in primary membranous nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Haddad
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.,Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johan M Lorenzen
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.,Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hong Ma
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Noortje de Haan
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Netherlands
| | - Harald Seeger
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.,Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christelle Zaghrini
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Valbonne Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Simone Brandt
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Malte Kölling
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Urs Wegmann
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bence Kiss
- Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Pál
- Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Gál
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rudolf P Wüthrich
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.,Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Netherlands
| | - Laurence H Beck
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David J Salant
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gérard Lambeau
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Valbonne Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Andreas D Kistler
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.,Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Frauenfeld, Switzerland
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11
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Li XX, Clark RJ, Woodruff TM. C5aR2 Activation Broadly Modulates the Signaling and Function of Primary Human Macrophages. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:1102-1112. [PMID: 32611725 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The complement activation fragment C5a is a potent proinflammatory mediator that is increasingly recognized as an immune modulator. C5a acts through two C5a receptors, C5aR1 (C5aR, CD88) and C5aR2 (C5L2, GPR77), to powerfully modify multiple aspects of immune cell function. Although C5aR1 is generally acknowledged to be proinflammatory and immune-activating, the potential roles played by C5aR2 remain poorly defined. Despite studies demonstrating C5aR2 can modulate C5aR1 in human cells, it is not yet known whether C5aR2 functionality is limited to, or requires, C5aR1 activation or influences immune cells more broadly. The present study, therefore, aimed to characterize the roles of C5aR2 on the signaling and function of primary human monocyte-derived macrophages, using a C5aR2 agonist (Ac-RHYPYWR-OH; P32) to selectively activate the receptor. We found that although C5aR2 activation with P32 by itself was devoid of any detectable MAPK signaling activities, C5aR2 agonism significantly dampened C5aR1-, C3aR-, and chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1)-mediated ERK signaling and altered intracellular calcium mobilization mediated by these receptors. Functionally, selective C5aR2 activation also downregulated cytokine production triggered by various TLRs (TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, and TLR7), C-type lectin receptors (Dectin-1, Dectin-2, and Mincle), and the cytosolic DNA sensor stimulator of IFN genes (STING). Surprisingly, activity at the C-type lectin receptors was particularly powerful, with C5aR2 activation reducing Mincle-mediated IL-6 and TNF-α generation by 80-90%. In sum, this study demonstrates that C5aR2 possesses pleiotropic functions in primary human macrophages, highlighting the role of C5aR2 as a powerful regulator of innate immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xaria X Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Richard J Clark
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Trent M Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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12
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Zheng QY, Xu F, Yang Y, Sun DD, Zhong Y, Wu S, Li GQ, Gao WW, Wang T, Xu GL, Liang SJ. C5a/C5aR1 mediates IMQ-induced psoriasiform skin inflammation by promoting IL-17A production from γδ-T cells. FASEB J 2020; 34:10590-10604. [PMID: 32557852 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000384r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic relapsing inflammatory skin disease, affecting up to 3% of the global population. Accumulating evidence suggests that the complement system is involved in its pathogenesis. Our previous study revealed that the C5a/C5aR1 pathway is crucial for disease development. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. To explore potential mechanisms, psoriatic skin lesions and histological changes were assessed following imiquimod (IMQ) cream treatment. Inflammatory cytokine expression was tested by real-time RT-PCR. Immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry were used to identify inflammatory cell infiltration and interleukin (IL-17A) IL-17A expression. A C5aR1 antagonist (C5aR1a) and PI3K inhibitor (wortmannin) were used for blocking experiments (both in vivo and in vitro) to explore the mechanism. C5a/C5aR1-pathway inhibition significantly attenuated psoriasis-like skin lesions with decreased epidermal hyperplasia, downregulated type 17-related inflammatory gene expression, and reduced IL-17A-producing γδ-T cell responses. Mechanistically, C5a/C5aR1 promoted the latter phenotype via PI3K-Akt signaling. Consistently, C5aR1 deficiency clearly ameliorated IMQ-induced chronic psoriasiform dermatitis, with a significant decrease in IL-17A expression. Finally, blocking C5aR1 signaling further decreased psoriasiform skin inflammation in IL-17-deficient mice. Results suggest that C5a/C5aR1 mediates experimental psoriasis and skin inflammation by upregulating IL-17A expression from γδ-T cells. Blocking C5a/C5aR1/IL-17A axis is expected to be a promising strategy for psoriasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan-You Zheng
- Department of Urology, 958th Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Immunology, Basical Medicine College, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Immunology, Basical Medicine College, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dao-Dong Sun
- Department of Urology, 958th Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Zhong
- Department of Urology, 958th Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shun Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gui-Qing Li
- Department of Immunology, Basical Medicine College, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei-Wu Gao
- Department of Immunology, Basical Medicine College, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gui-Lian Xu
- Department of Immunology, Basical Medicine College, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shen-Ju Liang
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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13
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Zhang T, Wu KY, Ma N, Wei LL, Garstka M, Zhou W, Li K. The C5a/C5aR2 axis promotes renal inflammation and tissue damage. JCI Insight 2020; 5:134081. [PMID: 32191644 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.134081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
C5a is a potent inflammatory mediator that binds C5aR1 and C5aR2. Although pathogenic roles of the C5a/C5aR1 axis in inflammatory disorders are well documented, the roles for the C5a/C5aR2 axis in inflammatory disorders and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we show that the C5a/C5aR2 axis contributes to renal inflammation and tissue damage in a mouse model of acute pyelonephritis. Compared with WT littermates, C5ar2-/- mice had significantly reduced renal inflammation, tubular damage, and renal bacterial load following bladder inoculation with uropathogenic E. coli. The decrease in inflammatory responses in the kidney of C5ar2-/- mice was correlated with reduced intrarenal levels of high mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1), NLRP3 inflammasome components, cleaved caspase-1, and IL-1β. In vitro, C5a stimulation of macrophages from C5ar1-/- mice (lacking C5aR1 but expressing C5aR2) led to significant upregulation of HMGB1 release, NLRP3/cleaved caspase-1 inflammasome activation, and IL-1β secretion. Furthermore, blockade of HMGB1 significantly reduced C5a-mediated upregulation of NLRP3/cleaved caspase-1 inflammasome activation and IL-1β secretion in the macrophages, implying a HMGB1-dependent upregulation of NLRP3/cleaved caspase-1 inflammasome activation in macrophages. Our findings demonstrate a pathogenic role for the C5a/C5aR2 axis in renal injury following renal infection and suggest that the C5a/C5aR2 axis contributes to renal inflammation and tissue damage through upregulation of HMGB1 and NLRP3/cleaved caspase-1 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Core Research Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kun-Yi Wu
- Core Research Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Core Research Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ling-Lin Wei
- Core Research Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Malgorzata Garstka
- Core Research Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wuding Zhou
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ke Li
- Core Research Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,National Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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14
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Kumar V. The complement system, toll-like receptors and inflammasomes in host defense: three musketeers’ one target. Int Rev Immunol 2019; 38:131-156. [DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2019.1609962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Children’s Health Queensland Clinical Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mater Research, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, ST Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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15
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Chi JN, Lai TS, Wu CF, Fu TY, Chou YH, Chiu YL, Lin WC, Chiang WC, Chen YM, Wu MS. The relationship of anti-phospholipase A2 receptor antibody and C5a complement with disease activity and short-term outcome in idiopathic membranous nephropathy. J Formos Med Assoc 2019; 118:898-906. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2018.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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16
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Zaal A, van Ham SM, Ten Brinke A. Differential effects of anaphylatoxin C5a on antigen presenting cells, roles for C5aR1 and C5aR2. Immunol Lett 2019; 209:45-52. [PMID: 30959077 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The anaphylatoxin C5a is well-known for its role as chemoattractant and contributes to immune cell recruitment into inflamed tissue and local inflammation. C5a has recently been implicated in modulation of antigen presenting cell function, such as macrophages and dendritic cells, which are pivotal for T cell activation and final T cell effector function. The published data on the effect of C5a on APC function and subsequent adaptive immune responses are in part conflicting, as both pro and anti-inflammatory effects have been described. In this review the opposing effects of C5a on APC function in mice and human are summarized and discussed in relation to origin of the involved APC subset, being either of the monocyte-derived lineage or dendritic cell lineage. In addition, the current knowledge on the expression of C5aR1 and C5aR2 on the different APC subsets is summarized. Based on the combined data, we propose that the differential effects of C5a on APC function may be attributed to absence or presence of co-expression of C5aR2 and C5aR1 on the specific APC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk Zaal
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - S Marieke van Ham
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anja Ten Brinke
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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17
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Shao S, Sun X, Chen Y, Zhan B, Zhu X. Complement Evasion: An Effective Strategy That Parasites Utilize to Survive in the Host. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:532. [PMID: 30949145 PMCID: PMC6435963 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasitic infections induce host immune responses that eliminate the invading parasites. However, parasites have evolved to develop many strategies to evade host immune attacks and survive in a hostile environment. The complement system acts as the first line of immune defense to eliminate the invading parasites by forming the membrane attack complex (MAC) and promoting an inflammatory reaction on the surface of invading parasites. To date, the complement activation pathway has been precisely delineated; however, the manner in which parasites escape complement attack, as a survival strategy in the host, is not well understood. Increasing evidence has shown that parasites develop sophisticated strategies to escape complement-mediated killing, including (i) recruitment of host complement regulatory proteins on the surface of the parasites to inhibit complement activation; (ii) expression of orthologs of host RCA to inhibit complement activation; and (iii) expression of parasite-encoded proteins, specifically targeting different complement components, to inhibit complement function and formation of the MAC. In this review, we compiled information regarding parasitic abilities to escape host complement attack as a survival strategy in the hostile environment of the host and the mechanisms underlying complement evasion. Effective escape of host complement attack is a crucial step for the survival of parasites within the host. Therefore, those proteins expressed by parasites and involved in the regulation of the complement system have become important targets for the development of drugs and vaccines against parasitic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Shao
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ximeng Sun
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Zhan
- Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Xinping Zhu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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18
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Dar TB, Henson RM, Shiao SL. Targeting Innate Immunity to Enhance the Efficacy of Radiation Therapy. Front Immunol 2019; 9:3077. [PMID: 30692991 PMCID: PMC6339921 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation continues to play a major role in the treatment of almost every cancer type. Traditional radiation studies focused on its ability to damage DNA, but recent evidence has demonstrated that a key mechanism driving the efficacy of radiation in vivo is the immune response triggered in irradiated tissue. Innate immune cells including macrophages, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells are key mediators of the radiation-induced immune response. They regulate the sensing of radiation-mediated damage and subsequent radiation-induced inflammation. Given the importance of innate immune cells as determinants of the post-radiation anti-tumor immune response, much research has been devoted to identify ways to both enhance the innate immune response and prevent their ability to suppress ongoing immune responses. In this review, we will discuss how the innate immune system shapes anti-tumor immunity following radiation and highlight key strategies directed at the innate immune response to enhance the efficacy of radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir B Dar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Regina M Henson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Stephen L Shiao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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19
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Khan MA, Shamma T. Complement factor and T-cell interactions during alloimmune inflammation in transplantation. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 105:681-694. [PMID: 30536904 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5ru0718-288r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Complement factor and T-cell signaling during an effective alloimmune response plays a key role in transplant-associated injury, which leads to the progression of chronic rejection (CR). During an alloimmune response, activated complement factors (C3a and C5a) bind to their corresponding receptors (C3aR and C5aR) on a number of lymphocytes, including T-regulatory cells (Tregs), and these cell-molecular interactions have been vital to modulate an effective immune response to/from Th1-effector cell and Treg activities, which result in massive inflammation, microvascular impairments, and fibrotic remodeling. Involvement of the complement-mediated cell signaling during transplantation signifies a crucial role of complement components as a key therapeutic switch to regulate ongoing inflammatory state, and further to avoid the progression of CR of the transplanted organ. This review highlights the role of complement-T cell interactions, and how these interactions shunt the effector immune response during alloimmune inflammation in transplantation, which could be a novel therapeutic tool to protect a transplanted organ and avoid progression of CR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Afzal Khan
- Organ Transplant Research Section, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Talal Shamma
- Organ Transplant Research Section, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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20
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Sadik CD, Miyabe Y, Sezin T, Luster AD. The critical role of C5a as an initiator of neutrophil-mediated autoimmune inflammation of the joint and skin. Semin Immunol 2018; 37:21-29. [PMID: 29602515 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The deposition of IgG autoantibodies in peripheral tissues and the subsequent activation of the complement system, which leads to the accumulation of the anaphylatoxin C5a in these tissues, is a common hallmark of diverse autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and pemphigoid diseases (PDs). C5a is a potent chemoattractant for granulocytes and mice deficient in its precursor C5 or its receptor C5aR1 are resistant to granulocyte recruitment and, consequently, to tissue inflammation in several models of autoimmune diseases. However, the mechanism whereby C5a/C5aR regulates granulocyte recruitment in these diseases has remained elusive. Mechanistic studies over the past five years into the role of C5a/C5aR1 in the K/BxN serum arthritis mouse model have provided novel insights into the mechanisms C5a/C5aR1 engages to initiate granulocyte recruitment into the joint. It is now established that the critical actions of C5a/C5aR1 do not proceed in the joint itself, but on the luminal endothelial surface of the joint vasculature, where C5a/C5aR1 mediate the arrest of neutrophils on the endothelium by activating β2 integrin. Then, C5a/C5aR1 induces the release of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) from the arrested neutrophils. The latter, subsequently, initiates by autocrine/paracrine actions via its receptor BLT1 the egress of neutrophils from the blood vessel lumen into the interstitial. Compelling evidence suggests that this C5a/C5aR1-LTB4/BLT1 axis driving granulocyte recruitment in arthritis may represent a more generalizable biological principle critically regulating effector cell recruitment in other IgG autoantibody-induced diseases, such as in pemphigoid diseases. Thus, dual inhibition of C5a and LTB4, as implemented in nature by the lipocalin coversin in the soft-tick Ornithodoros moubata, may constitute a most effective therapeutic principle for the treatment of IgG autoantibody-driven diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian D Sadik
- Department of Dermatology, Allergy, and Venereology University of Lübeck, 23538, Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Yoshishige Miyabe
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tanya Sezin
- Department of Dermatology, Allergy, and Venereology University of Lübeck, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Andrew D Luster
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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21
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Piao C, Zhang WM, Li TT, Zhang CC, Qiu S, Liu Y, Liu S, Jin M, Jia LX, Song WC, Du J. Complement 5a stimulates macrophage polarization and contributes to tumor metastases of colon cancer. Exp Cell Res 2018; 366:127-138. [PMID: 29551360 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory cells such as macrophages can play a pro-tumorigenic role in the tumor stroma. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) generally display an M2 phenotype with tumor-promoting activity; however, the mechanisms regulating the TAM phenotype remain unclear. Complement 5a (C5a) is a cytokine-like polypeptide that is generated during complement system activation and is known to promote tumor growth. Herein, we investigated the role of C5a on macrophage polarization in colon cancer metastasis in mice. We found that deficiency of the C5a receptor (C5aR) severely impairs the metastatic ability of implanted colon cancer cells. C5aR was expressed on TAMs, which exhibited an M2-like functional profile in colon cancer liver metastatic lesions. Furthermore, C5a mediated macrophage polarization and this process relied substantially on activation of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. Finally, analysis of human colon carcinoma indicated that C5aR expression is negatively associated with tumor differentiation grade. Our results demonstrate that C5aR has a central role in regulating the M2 phenotype of TAMs, which in turn, contributes to hepatic metastasis of colon cancer through NF-κB signaling. C5a is a potential novel marker for cancer prognosis and drugs targeting complement system activation, specifically the C5aR pathway, may offer new therapeutic opportunities for colon cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Piao
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China; The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing collaborative innovative research center for cardiovascular diseases, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wen-Mei Zhang
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China; The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing collaborative innovative research center for cardiovascular diseases, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Tao-Tao Li
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China; The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing collaborative innovative research center for cardiovascular diseases, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Cong-Cong Zhang
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China; The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing collaborative innovative research center for cardiovascular diseases, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shulan Qiu
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China; The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing collaborative innovative research center for cardiovascular diseases, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China; The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing collaborative innovative research center for cardiovascular diseases, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Sa Liu
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China; The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing collaborative innovative research center for cardiovascular diseases, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ming Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China
| | - Li-Xin Jia
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China; The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing collaborative innovative research center for cardiovascular diseases, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wen-Chao Song
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China; The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing collaborative innovative research center for cardiovascular diseases, Beijing 100029, China; Department of Pharmacology and Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States.
| | - Jie Du
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China; The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing collaborative innovative research center for cardiovascular diseases, Beijing 100029, China.
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22
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Li K, Wu KY, Wu W, Wang N, Zhang T, Choudhry N, Song Y, Farrar CA, Ma L, Wei LL, Duan ZY, Dong X, Liu EQ, Li ZF, Sacks SH, Zhou W. C5aR1 promotes acute pyelonephritis induced by uropathogenic E. coli. JCI Insight 2017; 2:97626. [PMID: 29263309 PMCID: PMC5752266 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.97626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
C5a receptor 1 (C5aR1) is a G protein-coupled receptor for C5a and also an N-linked glycosylated protein. In addition to myeloid cells, C5aR1 is expressed on epithelial cells. In this study, we examined the role of C5aR1 in bacterial adhesion/colonization of renal tubular epithelium and addressed the underlying mechanisms of this role. We show that acute kidney infection was significantly reduced in mice with genetic deletion or through pharmacologic inhibition of C5aR1 following bladder inoculation with uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC). This was associated with reduced expression of terminal α-mannosyl residues (Man; a ligand for type 1 fimbriae of E. coli) on the luminal surface of renal tubular epithelium and reduction of early UPEC colonization in these mice. Confocal microscopy demonstrated that UPEC bind to Man on the luminal surface of renal tubular epithelium. In vitro analyses showed that C5a stimulation enhances Man expression in renal tubular epithelial cells and subsequent bacterial adhesion, which, at least in part, is dependent on TNF-α driven by C5aR1-mediated intracellular signaling. Our findings demonstrate a previously unknown pathogenic role for C5aR1 in acute pyelonephritis, proposing a potentially novel mechanism by which C5a/C5aR1 signaling mediates upregulation of carbohydrate ligands on renal tubules to facilitate UPEC adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Core Research Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kun-Yi Wu
- Core Research Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weiju Wu
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, United Kingdom (UK)
| | - Na Wang
- Core Research Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Core Research Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Naheed Choudhry
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, United Kingdom (UK)
| | - Yun Song
- Core Research Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Conrad A Farrar
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, United Kingdom (UK)
| | - Liang Ma
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, United Kingdom (UK)
| | - Lin-Lin Wei
- Core Research Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhao-Yang Duan
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xia Dong
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, United Kingdom (UK)
| | - En-Qi Liu
- Research Institute of Atherosclerotic Disease, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zong-Fang Li
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Steven H Sacks
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, United Kingdom (UK)
| | - Wuding Zhou
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, United Kingdom (UK)
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23
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C5a receptor 1 promotes autoimmunity, neutrophil dysfunction and injury in experimental anti-myeloperoxidase glomerulonephritis. Kidney Int 2017; 93:615-625. [PMID: 29241626 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2017.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The prospects for complement-targeted therapy in ANCA-associated vasculitis have been enhanced by a recent clinical trial in which C5a receptor 1 (C5aR1) inhibition safely replaced glucocorticoids in induction treatment. C5aR1 primes neutrophils for activation by anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) and is therefore required in models of glomerulonephritis induced by anti-myeloperoxidase antibody. Although humoral and cellular autoimmunity play essential roles in ANCA-associated vasculitis, a role for C5aR1 in these responses has not been described. Here, we use murine models to dissect the role of C5aR1 in the generation of anti-myeloperoxidase autoimmunity and the effector responses resulting in renal injury. The genetic absence or pharmacological inhibition of C5aR1 results in reduced autoimmunity to myeloperoxidase with an attenuated Th1 response, increased Foxp3+ regulatory T cells and reduction in generation of myeloperoxidase-ANCA. These changes are mediated by C5aR1 on dendritic cells, which promotes activation, and thus myeloperoxidase autoimmunity and glomerulonephritis. We also use renal intravital microscopy to determine the effect of C5aR1 inhibition on ANCA induced neutrophil dysfunction. We found that myeloperoxidase-ANCA induce neutrophil retention and reactive oxygen species burst within glomerular capillaries. These pathological behaviors are abrogated by C5aR1 inhibition. Thus, C5aR1 inhibition ameliorates both autoimmunity and intra-renal neutrophil activation in ANCA-associated vasculitis.
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24
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Liu CF, Min XY, Wang N, Wang JX, Ma N, Dong X, Zhang B, Wu W, Li ZF, Zhou W, Li K. Complement Receptor 3 Has Negative Impact on Tumor Surveillance through Suppression of Natural Killer Cell Function. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1602. [PMID: 29209332 PMCID: PMC5702005 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Complement receptor 3 (CR3) is expressed abundantly on natural killer (NK) cells; however, whether it plays roles in NK cell-dependent tumor surveillance is largely unknown. Here, we show that CR3 is an important negative regulator of NK cell function, which has negative impact on tumor surveillance. Mice deficient in CR3 (CD11b-/- mice) exhibited a more activated NK phenotype and had enhanced NK-dependent tumor killing. In a B16-luc melanoma-induced lung tumor growth and metastasis model, mice deficient in CR3 had reduced tumor growth and metastases, compared with WT mice. In addition, adaptive transfer of NK cells lacking CR3 (into NK-deficient mice) mediated more efficient suppression of tumor growth and metastases, compared with the transfer of CR3 sufficient NK cells, suggesting that CR3 can impair tumor surveillance through suppression of NK cell function. In vitro analyses showed that engagement of CR3 with iC3b (classical CR3 ligand) on NK cells negatively regulated NK cell activity and effector functions (i.e. direct tumor cell killing, antibody-dependent NK-mediated tumor killing). Cell signaling analyses showed that iC3b stimulation caused activation of Src homology 2 domain-containing inositol-5-phosphatase-1 (SHIP-1) and JNK, and suppression of ERK in NK cells, supporting that iC3b mediates negative regulation of NK cell function through its effects on SHIP-1, JNK, and ERK signal transduction pathways. Thus, our findings demonstrate a previously unknown role for CR3 in dysregulation of NK-dependent tumor surveillance and suggest that the iC3b/CR3 signaling is a critical negative regulator of NK cell function and may represent a new target for preserving NK cell function in cancer patients and improving NK cell-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Fei Liu
- Core Research Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Min
- Core Research Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Naiyin Wang
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jia-Xing Wang
- Core Research Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Core Research Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xia Dong
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bing Zhang
- Core Research Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weiju Wu
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zong-Fang Li
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatic & Splenic Diseases, Xi'an, China
| | - Wuding Zhou
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ke Li
- Core Research Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,National Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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25
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Casiraghi F, Azzollini N, Todeschini M, Fiori S, Cavinato RA, Cassis P, Solini S, Pezzuto F, Mister M, Thurman JM, Benigni A, Remuzzi G, Noris M. Complement Alternative Pathway Deficiency in Recipients Protects Kidney Allograft From Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury and Alloreactive T Cell Response. Am J Transplant 2017; 17:2312-2325. [PMID: 28276660 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.14262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Despite the introduction of novel and more targeted immunosuppressive drugs, the long-term survival of kidney transplants has not improved satisfactorily. Early antigen-independent intragraft inflammation plays a critical role in the initiation of the alloimmune response and impacts long-term graft function. Complement activation is a key player both in ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) as well as in adaptive antigraft immune response after kidney transplantation. Since the alternative pathway (AP) amplifies complement activation regardless of the initiation pathways and renal IR injured cells undergo uncontrolled complement activation, we speculated whether selective blockade of AP could be a strategy for prolonging kidney graft survival. Here we showed that Balb/c kidneys transplanted in factor b deficient C57 mice underwent reduced IRI and diminished T cell-mediated rejection. In in vitro studies, we found that fb deficiency in T cells and dendritic cells conferred intrinsic impaired alloreactive/allostimulatory functions, respectively, both in direct and indirect pathways of alloantigen presentation. By administering anti-fB antibody to C57 wt recipients in the early post Balb/c kidney transplant phases, we documented that inhibition of AP during both ischemia/reperfusion and early adaptive immune response is necessary for prolonging graft survival. These findings may have implication for the use of AP inhibitors in clinical kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Casiraghi
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Chiara Cucchi de Alessandri e Gilberto Crespi Transplant Research Center, Bergamo, Italy
| | - N Azzollini
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Chiara Cucchi de Alessandri e Gilberto Crespi Transplant Research Center, Bergamo, Italy
| | - M Todeschini
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Chiara Cucchi de Alessandri e Gilberto Crespi Transplant Research Center, Bergamo, Italy
| | - S Fiori
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Chiara Cucchi de Alessandri e Gilberto Crespi Transplant Research Center, Bergamo, Italy
| | - R A Cavinato
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Immunology Department, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - P Cassis
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Bergamo, Italy
| | - S Solini
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Chiara Cucchi de Alessandri e Gilberto Crespi Transplant Research Center, Bergamo, Italy
| | - F Pezzuto
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Chiara Cucchi de Alessandri e Gilberto Crespi Transplant Research Center, Bergamo, Italy
| | - M Mister
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Chiara Cucchi de Alessandri e Gilberto Crespi Transplant Research Center, Bergamo, Italy
| | - J M Thurman
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - A Benigni
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Bergamo, Italy
| | - G Remuzzi
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Chiara Cucchi de Alessandri e Gilberto Crespi Transplant Research Center, Bergamo, Italy.,IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Bergamo, Italy.,Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - M Noris
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Chiara Cucchi de Alessandri e Gilberto Crespi Transplant Research Center, Bergamo, Italy
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26
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Freeley S, Kemper C, Le Friec G. The "ins and outs" of complement-driven immune responses. Immunol Rev 2017; 274:16-32. [PMID: 27782335 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The complement system represents an evolutionary old and critical component of innate immunity where it forms the first line of defense against invading pathogens. Originally described as a heat-labile fraction of the serum responsible for the opsonization and subsequent lytic killing of bacteria, work over the last century firmly established complement as a key mediator of the general inflammatory response but also as an acknowledged vital bridge between innate and adaptive immunity. However, recent studies particularly spanning the last decade have provided new insights into the novel modes and locations of complement activation and highlighted unexpected additional biological functions for this ancient system, for example, in regulating basic processes of the cell. In this review, we will cover the current knowledge about complement's established and novel roles in innate and adaptive immunity with a focus on the functional differences between serum circulating and intracellularly active complement and will describe and discuss the newly discovered cross-talks of complement with other cell effector systems particularly during T-cell induction and contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Freeley
- Division of Transplant Immunology and Mucosal Biology, MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Claudia Kemper
- Division of Transplant Immunology and Mucosal Biology, MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK. .,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Gaëlle Le Friec
- Division of Transplant Immunology and Mucosal Biology, MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
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27
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Hajishengallis G, Lambris JD. More than complementing Tolls: complement-Toll-like receptor synergy and crosstalk in innate immunity and inflammation. Immunol Rev 2017; 274:233-244. [PMID: 27782328 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Complement and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play key roles in the host immune response and are swiftly activated by infection or other types of immunological stress. This review focuses on the capacity of complement and TLRs to engage in signaling crosstalk, ostensibly to coordinate immune and inflammatory responses through synergistic or antagonistic (regulatory) interactions. However, overactivation or dysregulation of either system may lead-often synergistically-to exaggerated inflammation and host tissue injury. Intriguingly, moreover, certain pathogens can manipulate complement-TLR crosstalk pathways in ways that undermine host immunity and favor their persistence. In the setting of polymicrobial inflammatory disease, subversion of complement-TLR crosstalk by keystone pathogens can promote dysbiosis. Knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying complement-TLR crosstalk pathways can, therefore, be used productively for tailored therapeutic approaches, such as, to enhance host immunity, mitigate destructive inflammation, or counteract microbial subversion of the host response.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Hajishengallis
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - John D Lambris
- Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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28
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van Leeuwen-Kerkhoff N, Lundberg K, Westers TM, Kordasti S, Bontkes HJ, de Gruijl TD, Lindstedt M, van de Loosdrecht AA. Transcriptional profiling reveals functional dichotomy between human slan + non-classical monocytes and myeloid dendritic cells. J Leukoc Biol 2017; 102:1055-1068. [PMID: 28720687 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3ma0117-037r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human 6-sulfo LacNac-positive (slan+) cells have been subject to a paradigm debate. They have previously been classified as a distinct dendritic cell (DC) subset. However, evidence has emerged that they may be more related to monocytes than to DCs. To gain deeper insight into the functional specialization of slan+ cells, we have compared them with both conventional myeloid DC subsets (CD1c+ and CD141+) in human peripheral blood (PB). With the use of genome-wide transcriptional profiling, as well as functional tests, we clearly show that slan+ cells form a distinct, non-DC-like population. They cluster away from both DC subsets, and their gene-expression profile evidently suggests involvement in distinct inflammatory processes. An extensive transcriptional meta-analysis confirmed the relationship of slan+ cells with the monocytic compartment rather than with DCs. From a functional perspective, their ability to prime CD4+ and CD8+ T cells is relatively low. Combined with the finding that "antigen presentation by MHC class II" is at the top of under-represented pathways in slan+ cells, this points to a minimal role in directing adaptive T cell immunity. Rather, the higher expression levels of complement receptors on their cell surface, together with their high secretion of IL-1β and IL-6, imply a specific role in innate inflammatory processes, which is consistent with their recent identification as non-classical monocytes. This study extends our knowledge on DC/monocyte subset biology under steady-state conditions and contributes to our understanding of their role in immune-mediated diseases and their potential use in immunotherapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie van Leeuwen-Kerkhoff
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Theresia M Westers
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Shahram Kordasti
- Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College London and King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hetty J Bontkes
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Center for Dentistry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and
| | - Tanja D de Gruijl
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Malin Lindstedt
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Arjan A van de Loosdrecht
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
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29
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Dixon KO, O'Flynn J, Klar-Mohamad N, Daha MR, van Kooten C. Properdin and factor H production by human dendritic cells modulates their T-cell stimulatory capacity and is regulated by IFN-γ. Eur J Immunol 2017; 47:470-480. [PMID: 28105653 PMCID: PMC5363362 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) and complement are both key members of the innate and adaptive immune response. Recent experimental mouse models have shown that production of alternative pathway (AP) components by DCs strongly affects their ability to activate and regulate T-cell responses. In this study we investigated the production and regulation of properdin (fP) and factor H (fH) both integral regulators of the AP, by DCs and tolerogenic DCs (tolDCs). Both fP and fH were produced by DCs, with significantly higher levels of both AP components produced by tolDCs. Upon activation with IFN-γ both cells increased fH production, while simultaneously decreasing production of fP. IL-27, a member of the IL-12 family, increased fH, but production of fP remained unaffected. The functional capacity of fP and fH produced by DCs and tolDCs was confirmed by their ability to bind C3b. Inhibition of fH production by DCs resulted in a greater ability to induce allogenic CD4+ T-cell proliferation. In contrast, inhibition of fP production led to a significantly reduced allostimulatory capacity. In summary, this study shows that production of fP and fH by DCs, differentially regulates their immunogenicity, and that the local cytokine environment can profoundly affect the production of fP and fH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen O Dixon
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases at Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph O'Flynn
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ngaisah Klar-Mohamad
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mohamed R Daha
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cees van Kooten
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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30
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Zaal A, Dieker M, Oudenampsen M, Turksma AW, Lissenberg-Thunnissen SN, Wouters D, van Ham SM, Ten Brinke A. Anaphylatoxin C5a Regulates 6-Sulfo-LacNAc Dendritic Cell Function in Human through Crosstalk with Toll-Like Receptor-Induced CREB Signaling. Front Immunol 2017; 8:818. [PMID: 28769928 PMCID: PMC5509794 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of antigen-presenting dendritic cells (DCs) and the complement system are essential early events in the immune defense against invading pathogens. Recently, we and others demonstrated immunological crosstalk between signaling from receptors recognizing complement activation products and PAMPs on DCs. This affects DC effector function, as demonstrated by the finding that C5a prevents induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines by toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands in human monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs). Here, we demonstrate that this regulatory crosstalk is specifically important in 6-sulfo LacNAc dendritic cells (slanDCs), the most pro-inflammatory DC subset found in human. C5aR and TLR signaling show profound interference in the ERK/p38/CREB1 signaling pathways. C5aR signaling accelerates TLR-induced CREB1 phosphorylation both in moDC and slanDC. This is key in the regulatory effect of C5a on pro-inflammatory DC maturation by mediating induction of IL-10, which subsequently inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokine production via negative feedback signaling. Importantly, the regulatory effect of C5a affects T-cell immunity by decreasing Th1 and cytotoxic CD8 T-cell responses. The finding that the pro-inflammatory effector function of slanDC can be down modulated by activation products of the complement system highlights the existence of intricate regulatory interactions between various arms of the immune system. Intensive immune monitoring of patients suffering from complement-mediated diseases or patients receiving complement modulating compounds can give more inside in the contribution of complement receptor and TLR crosstalk in APCs in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk Zaal
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Miranda Dieker
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Manon Oudenampsen
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Annelies W Turksma
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Suzanne N Lissenberg-Thunnissen
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Diana Wouters
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - S Marieke van Ham
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anja Ten Brinke
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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31
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Novel insights into the expression pattern of anaphylatoxin receptors in mice and men. Mol Immunol 2017; 89:44-58. [PMID: 28600003 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The anaphylatoxins (AT) C3a and C5a play important roles as mediators of inflammation. Further, they regulate and control multiple innate and adaptive immune responses through binding and activation of their cognate G protein-coupled receptors, i.e. C3a receptor (C3aR), C5a receptor 1 (C5aR1) and C5a receptor 2 (C5aR2), although the latter lacks important sequence motifs for G protein-coupling. Based on their pleiotropic functions, they contribute not only to tissue homeostasis but drive, perpetuate and resolve immune responses in many inflammatory diseases including infections, malignancies, autoimmune as well as allergic diseases. During the past few years, transcriptome expression data provided detailed insights into AT receptor tissue mRNA expression. In contrast, our understanding of cellular AT receptor expression in human and mouse tissues under steady and inflammatory conditions is still sketchy. Ligand binding studies, flow cytometric and immunohistochemical analyses convincingly demonstrated tissue-specific C5aR1 expression in various cells of myeloid origin. However, a detailed map for C3aR or C5aR2 expression in human or mouse tissue cells is still lacking. Also, reports about AT expression in lymphoid cells is still controversial. To understand the multiple roles of the ATs in the innate and adaptive immune networks, a detailed understanding of their receptor expression in health and disease is required. Recent findings obtained with novel GFP or tdTomato AT-receptor knock-in mice provide detailed insights into their expression pattern in tissue immune and stroma cells. Here, we will provide an update about our current knowledge of AT receptor expression pattern in humans and mice.
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32
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Kassimatis T, Qasem A, Douiri A, Ryan EG, Rebollo-Mesa I, Nichols LL, Greenlaw R, Olsburgh J, Smith RA, Sacks SH, Drage M. A double-blind randomised controlled investigation into the efficacy of Mirococept (APT070) for preventing ischaemia reperfusion injury in the kidney allograft (EMPIRIKAL): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials 2017; 18:255. [PMID: 28587616 PMCID: PMC5461672 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-017-1972-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Delayed graft function (DGF) is traditionally defined as the requirement for dialysis during the first week after transplantation. DGF is a common complication of renal transplantation, and it negatively affects short- and long-term graft outcomes. Ischaemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is a prime contributor to the development of DGF. It is well established that complement system activation plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of IRI. Mirococept is a highly effective complement inhibitor that can be administered ex vivo to the donor kidney just before transplantation. Preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that Mirococept inhibits inflammatory responses that follow IRI. The EMPIRIKAL trial (REC 12/LO/1334) aims to evaluate the efficacy of Mirococept in reducing the incidence of DGF in cadaveric renal transplantation. Methods/design EMPIRIKAL is a multicentre double-blind randomised case-control trial designed to test the superiority of Mirococept in the prevention of DGF in cadaveric renal allografts, as compared to standard cold perfusion fluid (Soltran®). Patients will be randomised to Mirococept or placebo (Pbo) and will be enrolled in cohorts of N = 80 with a maximum number of 7 cohorts. The first cohort will be randomised to 10 mg of Mirococept or Pbo. After the completion of each cohort, an interim analysis will be carried out in order to evaluate the dose allocation for the next cohort (possible doses: 5–25 mg). Immunosuppression therapy, antibiotic and antiviral prophylaxis will be administered as per local centre protocols. The enrolment will take approximately 24 months, and patients will be followed for 12 months. The primary endpoint is DGF, defined as the requirement for dialysis during the first week after transplantation. Secondary endpoints include duration of DGF, functional DGF, renal function at 12 months, acute rejection episodes at 6 and 12 months, primary non-function and time of hospital stay on first admission and in the first year following transplant. Safety evaluation will include the monitoring of laboratory data and the recording of all adverse events. Discussion The EMPIRIKAL trial is the first study to evaluate the efficacy of an ex vivo administered complement inhibitor (Mirococept) in preventing DGF in cadaveric human renal transplantation. Mirococept has a unique ‘cytotopic’ property that permits its retention in the organ microvasculature. Trial registration ISRCTN registry, ISRCTN49958194. Registered on 3 August 2012. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13063-017-1972-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros Kassimatis
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Anass Qasem
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Abdel Douiri
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth G Ryan
- Biostatistics and Health Informatics Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Irene Rebollo-Mesa
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.,UCB Biopharma, Berkshire, UK
| | - Laura L Nichols
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Roseanna Greenlaw
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Jonathon Olsburgh
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Richard A Smith
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Steven H Sacks
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Martin Drage
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK. .,Department of Transplantation, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
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33
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Marinaki S, Skalioti C, Boletis J. Glomerular Diseases and Renal Transplantation: Pathogenic Pathways and Evolution of Therapeutic Interventions. Transplant Proc 2017; 49:243-252. [PMID: 28219579 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2016.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Glomerular diseases and renal transplantation are the main fields of nephrology in which the immune system plays a prevalent role. Glomerular diseases have traditionally been attributed to auto-immune conditions, whereas allograft rejection has been considered an allo-immune response. However, common immunopathologic mechanisms that include Toll-like receptors, complement and B-cell activation, as well as genetic and infectious factors appear to be involved in the pathogenesis of both entities. Novel therapeutic regimens directed against specific targets of the immune system show promising results in glomerulopathies as well as in renal transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Marinaki
- Nephrology Department and Renal Transplantation Unit, Laiko Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - C Skalioti
- Nephrology Department and Renal Transplantation Unit, Laiko Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - J Boletis
- Nephrology Department and Renal Transplantation Unit, Laiko Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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34
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da Silva MB, da Cunha FF, Terra FF, Camara NOS. Old game, new players: Linking classical theories to new trends in transplant immunology. World J Transplant 2017; 7:1-25. [PMID: 28280691 PMCID: PMC5324024 DOI: 10.5500/wjt.v7.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolutionary emergence of an efficient immune system has a fundamental role in our survival against pathogenic attacks. Nevertheless, this same protective mechanism may also establish a negative consequence in the setting of disorders such as autoimmunity and transplant rejection. In light of the latter, although research has long uncovered main concepts of allogeneic recognition, immune rejection is still the main obstacle to long-term graft survival. Therefore, in order to define effective therapies that prolong graft viability, it is essential that we understand the underlying mediators and mechanisms that participate in transplant rejection. This multifaceted process is characterized by diverse cellular and humoral participants with innate and adaptive functions that can determine the type of rejection or promote graft acceptance. Although a number of mediators of graft recognition have been described in traditional immunology, recent studies indicate that defining rigid roles for certain immune cells and factors may be more complicated than originally conceived. Current research has also targeted specific cells and drugs that regulate immune activation and induce tolerance. This review will give a broad view of the most recent understanding of the allogeneic inflammatory/tolerogenic response and current insights into cellular and drug therapies that modulate immune activation that may prove to be useful in the induction of tolerance in the clinical setting.
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35
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Ender F, Wiese AV, Schmudde I, Sun J, Vollbrandt T, König P, Laumonnier Y, Köhl J. Differential regulation of C5a receptor 1 in innate immune cells during the allergic asthma effector phase. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172446. [PMID: 28231307 PMCID: PMC5322932 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
C5a drives airway constriction and inflammation during the effector phase of allergic asthma, mainly through the activation of C5a receptor 1 (C5aR1). Yet, C5aR1 expression on myeloid and lymphoid cells during the allergic effector phase is ill-defined. Recently, we generated and characterized a floxed green fluorescent protein (GFP)-C5aR1 knock-in mouse. Here, we used this reporter strain to monitor C5aR1 expression in airway, pulmonary and lymph node cells during the effector phase of OVA-driven allergic asthma. C5aR1 reporter and wildtype mice developed a similar allergic phenotype with comparable airway resistance, mucus production, eosinophilic/neutrophilic airway inflammation and Th2/Th17 cytokine production. During the allergic effector phase, C5aR1 expression increased in lung tissue eosinophils but decreased in airway and pulmonary macrophages as well as in pulmonary CD11b+ conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) and monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs). Surprisingly, expression in neutrophils was not affected. Of note, moDCs but not CD11b+ cDCs from mediastinal lymph nodes (mLN) expressed less C5aR1 than DCs residing in the lung after OVA challenge. Finally, neither CD103+ cDCs nor cells of the lymphoid lineage such as Th2 or Th17-differentiated CD4+ T cells, B cells or type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) expressed C5aR1 under allergic conditions. Our findings demonstrate a complex regulation pattern of C5aR1 in the airways, lung tissue and mLN of mice, suggesting that the C5a/C5aR1 axis controls airway constriction and inflammation through activation of myeloid cells in all three compartments in an experimental model of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Ender
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anna V. Wiese
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Inken Schmudde
- Institute for Anatomy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jing Sun
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Peter König
- Institute for Anatomy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Yves Laumonnier
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- * E-mail: (JK); (YL)
| | - Jörg Köhl
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JK); (YL)
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36
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Abstract
The complement system is reemerging in the last few years not only as key element of innate immunity against pathogens, but also as a main regulator of local adaptive responses, affecting dendritic cells as well as T and B lymphocytes. We review data showing that leucocytes are capable of significant autocrine synthesis of complement proteins, and express a large range of complement receptors, which in turn regulate their differentiation and effector functions while cross talking with other innate receptors such as Toll-like receptors. Other unconventional roles of complement proteins are reviewed, including their impact in non-leukocytes and their intracellular cleavage by vesicular proteases, which generate critical cues required for T cell function. Thus, leucocytes are very much aware of complement-derived information, both extracellular and intracellular, to elaborate their responses, offering rich avenues for therapeutic intervention and new hypothesis for conserved major histocompatibility complex complotypes.
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37
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Chmilewsky F, About I, Chung SH. C5L2 Receptor Represses Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Secretion in Lipoteichoic Acid-Stimulated Pulp Fibroblasts. J Dent Res 2016; 96:92-99. [PMID: 28033061 DOI: 10.1177/0022034516673832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The anaphylatoxin C5a constitutes a powerful fragment generated by complement system activation. Interestingly, this complement active fragment is also an important mediator of tissue regeneration. Recent findings suggest that C5a could be an initial signal orchestrating pulp nerve sprouting beneath carious injury, a critical step in dentin-pulp regeneration. Indeed, the expression and activation of the C5a active receptor (C5aR/CD88) by injured pulp fibroblasts controls the direction of neurite outgrowth toward carious injuries by modulating the secretion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) by pulp fibroblasts. A second C5a receptor, C5L2, has also been cloned but has received much less attention because its interaction with the ligand induces no signaling. This work aims to investigate the role of C5L2 in pulp nerve regeneration in the secretion of BDNF by pulp fibroblasts under sites of carious injury. Using fluorescence immunostaining on human tooth sections in vivo and on primary human pulp fibroblasts in vitro, the authors reveal that C5L2 and C5aR are co-expressed by pulp fibroblasts under lipoteichoic acid (LTA) stimulation. Moreover, silencing C5L2 significantly increases BDNF secretion by LTA-stimulated pulp fibroblasts. Finally, an analysis of the subcellular distribution of C5aR and C5L2 indicates that the negative regulation of BDNF secretion by C5L2 correlates with C5aR activation and its subsequent intracellular co-localization with C5L2. Overall, the current study sheds light on the mechanism of pulp nerve regeneration by identifying C5L2 as a negative regulator of BDNF secretion by pulp fibroblasts under carious teeth. This knowledge significantly increases the understanding of the functional mechanism linking C5aR and C5L2 in pulp nerve regeneration, which may be useful in future dentin-pulp engineering strategies that target fibroblast C5L2 to induce pulp innervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Chmilewsky
- 1 Department of Oral Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - I About
- 2 Aix Marseille University, CNRS, ISM, Institute Movement Science, Marseille, France
| | - S H Chung
- 1 Department of Oral Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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38
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Calame DG, Mueller-Ortiz SL, Wetsel RA. Innate and adaptive immunologic functions of complement in the host response to Listeria monocytogenes infection. Immunobiology 2016; 221:1407-1417. [PMID: 27476791 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a leading cause of foodborne-illness associated mortality that has attracted considerable attention in recent years due to several significant outbreaks. It has also served as a model organism for the study of intracellular pathogens. For these reasons the host response to L. monocytogenes has long been the subject of investigation. A potent innate and adaptive immune response is required for containment and clearance of L. monocytogenes. However, some elements of this response, such as type 1 interferons, can be detrimental to the host. Recent studies have revealed novel functions for the complement system, an ancient arm of innate immunity, in this process. Here we review the role of complement in the host response to L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Calame
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, United States; University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Stacey L Mueller-Ortiz
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Rick A Wetsel
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, United States.
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39
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Bacillus anthracis Spore Surface Protein BclA Mediates Complement Factor H Binding to Spores and Promotes Spore Persistence. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005678. [PMID: 27304426 PMCID: PMC4909234 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Spores of Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, are known to persist in the host lungs for prolonged periods of time, however the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrated that BclA, a major surface protein of B. anthracis spores, mediated direct binding of complement factor H (CFH) to spores. The surface bound CFH retained its regulatory cofactor activity resulting in C3 degradation and inhibition of downstream complement activation. By comparing results from wild type C57BL/6 mice and complement deficient mice, we further showed that BclA significantly contributed to spore persistence in the mouse lungs and dampened antibody responses to spores in a complement C3-dependent manner. In addition, prior exposure to BclA deletion spores (ΔbclA) provided significant protection against lethal challenges by B. anthracis, whereas the isogenic parent spores did not, indicating that BclA may also impair protective immunity. These results describe for the first time an immune inhibition mechanism of B. anthracis mediated by BclA and CFH that promotes spore persistence in vivo. The findings also suggested an important role of complement in persistent infections and thus have broad implications. We discovered an immune modulatory mechanism of Bacillus anthracis mediated by the spore surface protein BclA. We showed for the first time that BclA mediated the binding of complement factor H, a major negative regulator of complement, to the surface of spores. The binding led to the down-regulation of complement activities in vitro and in an animal model. Using mice deficient in complement components, we further showed that BclA promoted spore persistence in the mouse lungs and impaired antibody responses against spores in a complement-dependent manner. We further provided evidence suggesting a role of BclA in the development of protective immunity against lethal B. anthracis challenges. These findings draw attention to a previously understudied aspect of the complement system. They suggest that in addition to conferring resistance to complement-mediated killing and phagocytosis, complement inhibition by pathogens have long-term consequences with respect to persistent infections and development of protective immunity. Considering a growing list of microbial pathogens capable of modulating complement activities, our findings have broad implications.
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40
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Hajishengallis G, Krauss JL, Jotwani R, Lambris JD. Differential capacity for complement receptor-mediated immune evasion by Porphyromonas gingivalis depending on the type of innate leukocyte. Mol Oral Microbiol 2016; 32:154-165. [PMID: 27081768 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The complement system plays a central role in immunity and inflammation, although certain pathogens can exploit complement to undermine protective immunity. In this context, the periodontal keystone pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis was previously shown by our group to evade killing by neutrophils or macrophages through exploitation of complement C5a receptor 1 (C5aR1) and complement receptor 3 (CR3). Here, we examined whether P. gingivalis uses complement receptors to also subvert killing by dendritic cells. In line with earlier independent studies, intracellular viable P. gingivalis bacteria could be recovered from mouse bone-marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDC) or human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDC) exposed to the pathogen. However, in the presence of C5a, the intracellular survival of P. gingivalis was significantly decreased in a C5aR1-dependent way. Further work using wild-type and receptor-knockout BMDC showed that, in the presence of C3a, the C3a receptor (C3aR) similarly enhanced the intracellular killing of P. gingivalis. In contrast, C5aR2, an alternative receptor for C5a (G protein-coupled receptor 77), was associated with increased intracellular P. gingivalis viable counts, consistent with the notion that C5aR2 functions as a negative regulator of C5aR1 activity. Moreover, P. gingivalis failed to use CR3 as a phagocytic receptor in BMDC, in contrast to our earlier findings in macrophages where CR3-mediated uptake promotes P. gingivalis survival. Collectively, these data show that complement receptors mediate cell-type-specific effects on how innate leukocytes handle P. gingivalis, which appears to exploit complement to preferentially evade those cells (neutrophils and macrophages) that are most often encountered in its predominant niche, the periodontal pocket.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Hajishengallis
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J L Krauss
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - R Jotwani
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - J D Lambris
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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41
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Montero RM, Sacks SH, Smith RA. Complement-here, there and everywhere, but what about the transplanted organ? Semin Immunol 2016; 28:250-9. [PMID: 27179705 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The part of the innate immune system that communicates and effectively primes the adaptive immune system was termed "complement" by Ehrlich to reflect its complementarity to antibodies having previously been described as "alexine" (i.e protective component of serum) by Buchner and Bordet. It has been established that complement is not solely produced systemically but may have origin in different tissues where it can influence organ specific functions that may affect the outcome of transplanted organs. This review looks at the role of complement in particular to kidney transplantation. We look at current literature to determine whether blockade of the peripheral or central compartments of complement production may prevent ischaemic reperfusion injury or rejection in the transplanted organ. We also review new therapeutics that have been developed to inhibit components of the complement cascade with varying degrees of success leading to an increase in our understanding of the multiple triggers of this complex system. In addition, we consider whether biomarkers in this field are effective markers of disease or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Montero
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Division of Transplant Immunology and Mucosal Biology, NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, King's College London, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - S H Sacks
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Division of Transplant Immunology and Mucosal Biology, NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, King's College London, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom.
| | - R A Smith
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Division of Transplant Immunology and Mucosal Biology, NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, King's College London, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
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Ermini L, Weale ME, Brown KM, Mesa IR, Howell WM, Vaughan R, Chowdhury P, Sacks SH, Sheerin NS. Systematic assessment of the influence of complement gene polymorphisms on kidney transplant outcome. Immunobiology 2015; 221:528-34. [PMID: 26797657 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The importance of the innate immune system, including complement, in causing transplant injury and augmenting adaptive immune responses is increasingly recognized. Therefore variability in graft outcome may in part be due to genetic polymorphism in genes encoding proteins of the immune system. This study assessed the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in complement genes and outcome after transplantation. Analysis was performed on two patient cohorts of 650 and 520 transplant recipients. 505 tagged SNPs in 47 genes were typed in both donor and recipient. The relationships between SNPs and graft survival, serum creatinine, delayed graft function and acute rejection were analyzed. One recipient SNP in the gene encoding mannose binding lectin was associated with graft outcome after correction for analysis of multiple SNPs (p=6.41 × 10(-5)). When further correction was applied to account for analysis of the effect of SNPs in both donor and recipient this lost significance. Despite association p values of <0.001 no SNP was significantly associated with clinical phenotypes after Bonferroni correction. In conclusion, the variability seen in transplant outcome in this patient cohort cannot be explained by variation in complement genes. If causal genetic effects exist in these genes, they are too small to be detected by this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Ermini
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Michael E Weale
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College, London SE1 9RT, UK.
| | | | - Irene Rebollo Mesa
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College, London SE1 9RT, UK.
| | | | - Robert Vaughan
- Clinical Transplantation Laboratory, GSTS Pathology, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK.
| | | | - Steven H Sacks
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College, London SE1 9RT, UK.
| | - Neil S Sheerin
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
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Ezzelarab MB, Ayares D, Cooper DKC. Transgenic expression of human CD46: does it reduce the primate T-cell response to pig endothelial cells? Xenotransplantation 2015; 22:487-9. [PMID: 26584837 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed B Ezzelarab
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | | | - David K C Cooper
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Pleass RJ, Moore SC, Stevenson L, Hviid L. Immunoglobulin M: Restrainer of Inflammation and Mediator of Immune Evasion by Plasmodium falciparum Malaria. Trends Parasitol 2015; 32:108-119. [PMID: 26597020 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin M (IgM) is an ancient antibody class that is found in all vertebrates, with the exception of coelacanths, and is indispensable in both innate and adaptive immunity. The equally ancient human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, formed an intimate relationship with IgM with which it co-evolved. In this article, we discuss the association between IgM and human malaria parasites, building on several recent publications that implicate IgM as a crucial molecule that determines both host and parasite survival. Consequently, a better understanding of this association may lead to the development of improved intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Pleass
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK.
| | - Shona C Moore
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK; Warwick Systems Biology Centre, Senate House, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Liz Stevenson
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology (ISIM), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Hviid
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology (ISIM), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Podestà MA, Cucchiari D, Ponticelli C. The diverging roles of dendritic cells in kidney allotransplantation. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2015; 29:114-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Surace L, Lysenko V, Fontana AO, Cecconi V, Janssen H, Bicvic A, Okoniewski M, Pruschy M, Dummer R, Neefjes J, Knuth A, Gupta A, van den Broek M. Complement is a central mediator of radiotherapy-induced tumor-specific immunity and clinical response. Immunity 2015; 42:767-77. [PMID: 25888260 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy induces DNA damage and cell death, but recent data suggest that concomitant immune stimulation is an integral part of the therapeutic action of ionizing radiation. It is poorly understood how radiotherapy supports tumor-specific immunity. Here we report that radiotherapy induced tumor cell death and transiently activated complement both in murine and human tumors. The local production of pro-inflammatory anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a was crucial to the tumor response to radiotherapy and concomitant stimulation of tumor-specific immunity. Dexamethasone, a drug frequently given during radiotherapy, limited complement activation and the anti-tumor effects of the immune system. Overall, our findings indicate that anaphylatoxins are key players in radiotherapy-induced tumor-specific immunity and the ensuing clinical responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Surace
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Veronika Lysenko
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Orlando Fontana
- Department of Radio-Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Virginia Cecconi
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hans Janssen
- Division Cell Biology II, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Antonela Bicvic
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michal Okoniewski
- ID Scientific IT Services, Swiss Federal Institute for Technology (ETH), Weinbergstrasse 11, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Pruschy
- Department of Radio-Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Reinhard Dummer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jacques Neefjes
- Division Cell Biology II, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alexander Knuth
- Clinic of Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anurag Gupta
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maries van den Broek
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Piao C, Cai L, Qiu S, Jia L, Song W, Du J. Complement 5a Enhances Hepatic Metastases of Colon Cancer via Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1-mediated Inflammatory Cell Infiltration. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:10667-76. [PMID: 25739439 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.612622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Complement 5a (C5a), a potent immune mediator generated by complement activation, promotes tumor growth; however, its role in tumor metastasis remains unclear. We demonstrate that C5a contributes to tumor metastases by modulating tumor inflammation in hepatic metastases of colon cancer. Colon cancer cell lines generate C5a under serum-free conditions, and C5a levels increase over time in a murine syngeneic colon cancer hepatic metastasis model. Furthermore, in the absence of C5a receptor or upon pharmacological inhibition of C5a production with an anti-C5 monoclonal antibody, tumor metastasis is severely impaired. A lack of C5a receptor in colon cancer metastatic foci reduces the infiltration of macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells, and the role for C5a receptor on these cells were further verified by bone marrow transplantation experiments. Moreover, C5a signaling increases the expression of the chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and the anti-inflammatory molecules arginase-1, interleukin 10, and transforming growth factor β, but is inversely correlated with the expression of pro-inflammatory molecules, which suggests a mechanism for the role of C5a in the inflammatory microenvironment required for tumor metastasis. Our results indicate a new and potentially promising therapeutic application of complement C5a inhibitor for the treatment of malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Piao
- From the Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029 and The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lun Cai
- From the Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029 and
| | - Shulan Qiu
- From the Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029 and
| | - Lixin Jia
- From the Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029 and
| | - Wenchao Song
- From the Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029 and
| | - Jie Du
- From the Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029 and The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing 100029, China
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Kelly KJ, Liu Y, Zhang J, Dominguez JH. Renal C3 complement component: feed forward to diabetic kidney disease. Am J Nephrol 2015; 41:48-56. [PMID: 25662584 DOI: 10.1159/000371426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy is the main cause of end-stage renal disease and has reached epidemic proportions. METHODS Comprehensive genomic profiling (RNAseq) was employed in the ZS (F1 hybrids of Zucker and spontaneously hypertensive heart failure) model of diabetic nephropathy. Controls were lean littermates. RESULTS Diabetic nephropathy in obese, diabetic ZS was accelerated by a single episode of renal ischemia (DI). This rapid renal decline was accompanied by the activation of the renal complement system in DI, and to a lesser extent in sham-operated diabetic rats (DS). In DI there were significant increases in renal mRNA encoding C3, C4, C5, C6, C8, and C9 over sham-operated lean normal controls (LS). Moreover, mRNAs encoding the receptors for the anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a were also significantly increased in DI compared to LS. The classic complement pathway was activated in diabetic kidneys with significant increases of C1qa, C1qb, and C1qc mRNAs in DI over LS. In addition, critical regulators of complement activation were significantly attenuated in DI and DS. These included mRNAs encoding CD55, decay accelerating factor, and CD59, which inhibit the membrane attack complex. C3, C4, and C9 proteins were demonstrated in renal tubules and glomeruli. The complement RNAseq data were incorporated into a gene network showing interactions among C3-generating renal tubular cells and other immune competent migratory cells. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that local activation of the complement system mediates renal injury in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine J Kelly
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind., USA
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Karsten CM, Laumonnier Y, Eurich B, Ender F, Bröker K, Roy S, Czabanska A, Vollbrandt T, Figge J, Köhl J. Monitoring and cell-specific deletion of C5aR1 using a novel floxed GFP-C5aR1 reporter knock-in mouse. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:1841-55. [PMID: 25589074 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Many of the biological properties of C5a are mediated through activation of its receptor (C5aR1), the expression of which has been demonstrated convincingly on myeloid cells, such as neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages. In contrast, conflicting results exist regarding C5aR1 expression in dendritic cells (DCs) and lymphoid lineage cells. In this article, we report the generation of a floxed GFP-C5aR1 reporter knock-in mouse. Using this mouse strain, we confirmed strong C5aR1 expression in neutrophils from bone marrow, blood, lung, and spleen, as well as in peritoneal macrophages. Further, we show C5aR1 expression in lung eosinophils, lung- and lamina propria-resident and alveolar macrophages, bone marrow-derived DCs, and lung-resident CD11b(+) and monocyte-derived DCs, whereas intestinal and pulmonary CD103(+) DCs stained negative. Also, some splenic NKT cells expressed GFP, whereas naive NK cells and B2 cells lacked GFP expression. Finally, we did not observe any C5aR1 expression in naive or activated CD4(+) Th cells in vitro or in vivo. Mating the floxed GFP-C5aR1 mouse strain with LysMCre mice, we were able to specifically delete C5aR1 in neutrophils and macrophages, whereas C5aR1 expression was retained in DCs. In summary, our findings suggest that C5aR1 expression in mice is largely restricted to cells of the myeloid lineage. The novel floxed C5aR1 reporter knock-in mouse will prove useful to track C5aR1 expression in experimental models of acute and chronic inflammation and to conditionally delete C5aR1 in immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Karsten
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Yves Laumonnier
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Benjamin Eurich
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Fanny Ender
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Katharina Bröker
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sreeja Roy
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anna Czabanska
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Julia Figge
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jörg Köhl
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany; Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
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50
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Kawa MP, Machalinska A, Roginska D, Machalinski B. Complement system in pathogenesis of AMD: dual player in degeneration and protection of retinal tissue. J Immunol Res 2014; 2014:483960. [PMID: 25276841 PMCID: PMC4168147 DOI: 10.1155/2014/483960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of blindness among the elderly, especially in Western countries. Although the prevalence, risk factors, and clinical course of the disease are well described, its pathogenesis is not entirely elucidated. AMD is associated with a variety of biochemical abnormalities, including complement components deposition in the retinal pigment epithelium-Bruch's membrane-choriocapillaris complex. Although the complement system (CS) is increasingly recognized as mediating important roles in retinal biology, its particular role in AMD pathogenesis has not been precisely defined. Unrestricted activation of the CS following injury may directly damage retinal tissue and recruit immune cells to the vicinity of active complement cascades, therefore detrimentally causing bystander damage to surrounding cells and tissues. On the other hand, recent evidence supports the notion that an active complement pathway is a necessity for the normal maintenance of the neurosensory retina. In this scenario, complement activation appears to have beneficial effect as it promotes cell survival and tissue remodeling by facilitating the rapid removal of dying cells and resulting cellular debris, thus demonstrating anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities. In this review, we discuss both the beneficial and detrimental roles of CS in degenerative retina, focusing on the diverse aspects of CS functions that may promote or inhibit macular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milosz P. Kawa
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstancow Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Machalinska
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstancow Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstancow Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dorota Roginska
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstancow Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Boguslaw Machalinski
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstancow Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
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