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Burns GL, Talley NJ, Keely S. Immune responses in the irritable bowel syndromes: time to consider the small intestine. BMC Med 2022; 20:115. [PMID: 35354471 PMCID: PMC8969236 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02301-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is considered a disorder of gut-brain interaction (DGBI), presenting as chronic abdominal pain and altered defaecation. Symptoms are often food related. Much work in the field has focused on identifying physiological, immune and microbial abnormalities in the colon of patients; however, evidence of small intestinal immune activation and microbial imbalance has been reported in small studies. The significance of such findings has been largely underappreciated despite a growing body of work implicating small intestinal homeostatic imbalance in the pathogenesis of DGBIs. MAIN TEXT Small intestinal mechanosensation is a characteristic feature of IBS. Furthermore, altered small intestinal barrier functions have been demonstrated in IBS patients with the diarrhoea-predominant subtype. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and increased populations of small intestinal mast cells are frequently associated with IBS, implicating microbial imbalance and low-grade inflammation in the pathogenesis of IBS. Furthermore, reports of localised food hypersensitivity responses in IBS patients implicate the small intestine as the site of immune-microbial-food interactions. CONCLUSIONS Given the association of IBS symptoms with food intake in a large proportion of patients and the emerging evidence of immune activation in these patients, the current literature suggests the pathogenesis of IBS is not limited to the colon but rather may involve dysfunction of the entire intestinal tract. It remains unclear if regional variation in IBS pathology explains the various symptom phenotypes and further work should consider the intestinal tract as a whole to answer this question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace L Burns
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Digestive Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicholas J Talley
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Digestive Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Simon Keely
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Digestive Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia. .,College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia. .,Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia.
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2
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Wang X, Li S, Liu J, Kong D, Han X, Lei P, Xu M, Guan H, Hou D. Ameliorative effects of sea buckthorn oil on DNCB induced atopic dermatitis model mice via regulation the balance of Th1/Th2. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:263. [PMID: 32843010 PMCID: PMC7449066 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-02997-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a worldwide chronic skin disease which burden public health. Sea buckthorn (SBT) (Hippophae rhamnoides L., Elaeagnaceae) oil, as a traditional herbal medicine, has been used for disease treatment for many years. The effects of SBT oil on AD mouse model induced by repeated administration of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) in BALB/c mice was evaluated in this study. METHODS Mice were divided into four groups including the normal control group, AD model group, AD model group treated with SBT oil (5 ml/kg) and AD model group treated with SBT oil (10 ml/kg). Same volume at different concentrations of SBT oil was applied daily on the latter two groups by gavage for 15 days following AD model induction. The function of skin barrier and the production of IL-4, IFN-γ, TNF-α and TSLP were examined after animal sacrifice. The migration and mature of langerhans cell (LCs) in lymph node was further assessed by flow cytometry. RESULTS SBT oil alleviated dermatitis scores, decreased ear thickness, prevented infiltration of mast cell, reduced lymph node weight and depressed activity of Th2 cells. SBT oil also reduced the expression of IL-4, IFN-γ, TNF-α and TSLP in ear tissue, IgE level in serum and mRNA relative expression of IL-4, IFN-γ, TNF-α in lymph node. Moreover, SBT oil inhibited the migration of LCs cells from local lesions to lymph node and it's mature in lymph node. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest SBT oil had a beneficial effect either systemic or regional on DNCB-induced AD mice via maintain the balance of Th1/Th2 and may be a potential complementary candidate for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Wang
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China.,Basic Medical and Forensic Medicine, Baotou Medical college, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Sijia Li
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Jiping Liu
- Neurosurgery Department, Northern Hospital of Inner Mongolia, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Dongning Kong
- Liaoning Dongning Pharmceutical Co., Ltd., Fuxin, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Han
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongshan Road NO.79, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110847, P.R. China
| | - Ping Lei
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongshan Road NO.79, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110847, P.R. China
| | - Ming Xu
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongshan Road NO.79, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110847, P.R. China
| | - Hongquan Guan
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongshan Road NO.79, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110847, P.R. China.
| | - Diandong Hou
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongshan Road NO.79, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110847, P.R. China.
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3
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Wickenheisser VA, Zywot EM, Rabjohns EM, Lee HH, Lawrence DS, Tarrant TK. Laser Light Therapy in Inflammatory, Musculoskeletal, and Autoimmune Disease. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2019; 19:37. [PMID: 31267251 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-019-0869-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The goal of this review is to summarize the field to date and to discuss strengths and limitations of low-level laser (light) therapy (LLLT) for the future investigation as a treatment of inflammatory disease. RECENT FINDINGS LLLT is a promising therapeutic, particularly for those diseases of skin and joints because they are most accessible to treatment. Indeed, the known mechanisms of LLLT support its use for anti-inflammatory purposes, as well as stimulation of tissue growth and repair. Although the standard of care for the majority of inflammatory diseases is immunosuppressive agents such as corticosteroids with undesirable toxicities, LLLT offers a unique approach by being non-invasive and incurring minimal side effects. It is also relatively inexpensive and accessible and even has the possibility to be patient directed at home. There is evidence that LLLT is able to modulate the immune system at the skin and joint, and it has been shown to be efficacious in humans by affecting bacterial colonization as it may pertain to chronic rhinosinusitis. However, there is variability in the methods of laser application as well as a lack of evidence for laser type, dose-ranging studies, and wavelength selection that create barriers to the implementation of LLLT without further more rigorous and standardized study. The heterogeneity makes it difficult to draw strong conclusions about the efficacy of LLLT and its mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emilia Marta Zywot
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Emily Mary Rabjohns
- Duke Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, DUMC 3874, 200 Trent Dr., Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Hyun Ho Lee
- Duke Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, DUMC 3874, 200 Trent Dr., Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - David S Lawrence
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Teresa Kathleen Tarrant
- Duke School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Duke Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, DUMC 3874, 200 Trent Dr., Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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4
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Ku JM, Hong SH, Kim SR, Choi HS, Kim HI, Kim DU, Oh SM, Seo HS, Kim TY, Shin YC, Cheon C, Ko SG. The prevention of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced inflammation in atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in BALB/c mice by Jawoongo. Altern Ther Health Med 2018; 18:215. [PMID: 30005655 PMCID: PMC6045835 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2280-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Jawoongo is an herbal mixture used in traditional medicine to treat skin diseases. This study aimed to investigate whether Jawoongo ameliorates Atopic dermatitis (AD)-like pathology in mice and to understand its underlying cellular mechanisms. Methods AD was induced by 2, 4-Dinitrocholrlbenzene (DNCB) in BALB/c mice. Treatment with Jawoongo was assessed to study the effect of Jawoongo on AD in mice. Histological Analysis, blood analysis, RT-PCR, western blot analysis, ELISA assay and cell viability assay were performed to verify the inhibitory effect of Jawoongo on AD in mice. Results We found that application of Jawoongo in an ointment form on AD-like skin lesions on DNCB-exposed BALB/c mice reduced skin thickness and ameliorated skin infiltration with inflammatory cells, mast cells and CD4+ cells. The ointment also reduced the mRNA levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-13 and TNF-α in the sensitized skin. Leukocyte counts and the levels of IgE, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12 were decreased in the blood of the DNCB-treated mice. Furthermore, studies on cultured cells demonstrated that Jawoongo exhibits anti-inflammatory activities, including the suppression of proinflammatory cytokine expression, nitric oxide (NO) production, and inflammation-associated molecule levels in numerous types of agonist-stimulated innate immune cell, including human mast cells (HMC-1), murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells, and splenocytes isolated from mice. Conclusion These findings indicate that Jawoongo alleviates DNCB-induced AD-like symptoms via the modulation of several inflammatory responses, indicating that Jawoongo might be a useful drug for the treatment of AD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12906-018-2280-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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5
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Brown SM, Smith CE, Meuth AI, Khan M, Aroor AR, Cleeton HM, Meininger GA, Sowers JR, DeMarco VG, Chandrasekar B, Nistala R, Bender SB. Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibition With Saxagliptin Ameliorates Angiotensin II-Induced Cardiac Diastolic Dysfunction in Male Mice. Endocrinology 2017; 158:3592-3604. [PMID: 28977602 PMCID: PMC5659692 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is common in hypertension and obesity and contributes to cardiac diastolic dysfunction, a condition for which no treatment currently exists. In light of recent reports that antihyperglycemia incretin enhancing dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitors exert cardioprotective effects, we examined the hypothesis that DPP-4 inhibition with saxagliptin (Saxa) attenuates angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced cardiac diastolic dysfunction. Male C57BL/6J mice were infused with either Ang II (500 ng/kg/min) or vehicle for 3 weeks receiving either Saxa (10 mg/kg/d) or placebo during the final 2 weeks. Echocardiography revealed Ang II-induced diastolic dysfunction, evidenced by impaired septal wall motion and prolonged isovolumic relaxation, coincident with aortic stiffening. Ang II induced cardiac hypertrophy, coronary periarterial fibrosis, TRAF3-interacting protein 2 (TRAF3IP2)-dependent proinflammatory signaling [p-p65, p-c-Jun, interleukin (IL)-17, IL-18] associated with increased cardiac macrophage, but not T cell, gene expression. Flow cytometry revealed Ang II-induced increases of cardiac CD45+F4/80+CD11b+ and CD45+F4/80+CD11c+ macrophages and CD45+CD4+ lymphocytes. Treatment with Saxa reduced plasma DPP-4 activity and abrogated Ang II-induced cardiac diastolic dysfunction independent of aortic stiffening or blood pressure. Furthermore, Saxa attenuated Ang II-induced periarterial fibrosis and cardiac inflammation, but not hypertrophy or cardiac macrophage infiltration. Analysis of Saxa-induced changes in cardiac leukocytes revealed Saxa-dependent reduction of the Ang II-mediated increase of cardiac CD11c messenger RNA and increased cardiac CD8 gene expression and memory CD45+CD8+CD44+ lymphocytes. In summary, these results demonstrate that DPP-4 inhibition with Saxa prevents Ang II-induced cardiac diastolic dysfunction, fibrosis, and inflammation associated with unique shifts in CD11c-expressing leukocytes and CD8+ lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M. Brown
- Research, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65201
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
| | - Cassandra E. Smith
- Research, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65201
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri 65212
| | - Alex I. Meuth
- Research, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65201
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
| | - Maloree Khan
- Research, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65201
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
| | - Annayya R. Aroor
- Research, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65201
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri 65212
| | - Hannah M. Cleeton
- Research, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65201
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
| | - Gerald A. Meininger
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri 65212
| | - James R. Sowers
- Research, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65201
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri 65212
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri 65212
| | - Vincent G. DeMarco
- Research, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65201
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri 65212
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri 65212
| | - Bysani Chandrasekar
- Research, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65201
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri 65212
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri 65212
| | - Ravi Nistala
- Research, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65201
- Division of Nephrology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri 65212
| | - Shawn B. Bender
- Research, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65201
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
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6
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Saliganti V, Kapila R, Kapila S, Bhat MI. Probiotics in the modulation of maternal–infant immunity: Implications for allergic diseases. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2016.1198913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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7
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Hataedock Treatment Has Preventive Therapeutic Effects in Atopic Dermatitis-Induced NC/Nga Mice under High-Fat Diet Conditions. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:1739760. [PMID: 27313639 PMCID: PMC4894994 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1739760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the preventive therapeutic effects of Hataedock (HTD) treatment on inflammatory regulation and skin protection in AD-induced NC/Nga mice under high-fat diet conditions. Before inducing AD, the extract of Coptidis Rhizoma and Glycyrrhiza uralensis was administered orally to the 3-week-old mice. After that, AD-like skin lesions were induced by applying DNFB. All groups except the control group were fed a high-fat diet freely. We identified the effects of HTD on morphological changes, cytokine release and the induction of apoptosis through histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and TUNEL assay. HTD downregulated the levels of IL-4 and PKC but increased the levels of LXR. HTD also suppressed the mast cell degranulation and release of MMP-9, Substance P. The levels of TNF-α, p-IκB, iNOS, and COX-2 were also decreased. The upregulation of inflammatory cell's apoptosis is confirmed by our results as increase of apoptotic body and cleaved caspase-3 and decrease of Bcl-2. HTD also reduced edema, angiogenesis, and skin lesion inflammation. Our results indicate HTD suppresses various inflammatory response on AD-induced mice with obesity through the regulation of Th2 differentiation and the protection of lipid barrier. Therefore, HTD could be used as an alternative and preventive therapeutic approach in the management of AD.
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Daniels NJ, Hyde E, Ghosh S, Seo K, Price KM, Hoshino K, Kaisho T, Okada T, Ronchese F. Antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes target airway CD103+ and CD11b+ dendritic cells to suppress allergic inflammation. Mucosal Immunol 2016; 9:229-39. [PMID: 26104914 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2015.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Allergic airway inflammation is driven by the recognition of inhaled allergen by T helper type 2 (Th2) cells in the airway and lung. Allergen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) can strongly reduce airway inflammation, however, the mechanism of their inhibitory activity is not fully defined. We used mouse models to show that allergen-specific CTLs reduced early cytokine production by Th2 cells in lung, and their subsequent accumulation and production of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13. In addition, treatment with specific CTLs also increased the proportion of caspase(+) dendritic cells (DCs) in mediastinal lymph node (MLN), and decreased the numbers of CD103(+) and CD11b(+) DCs in the lung. This decrease required expression of the cytotoxic mediator perforin in CTLs and of the appropriate MHC-antigen ligand on DCs, suggesting that direct CTL-DC contact was necessary. Lastly, lung imaging experiments revealed that in airway-challenged mice XCR1-GFP(+) DCs, corresponding to the CD103(+) DC subset, and XCR1-GFP(-) CD11c(+) cells, which include CD11b(+) DCs and alveolar macrophages, both clustered in the areas surrounding the small airways and were closely associated with allergen-specific CTLs. Thus, allergen-specific CTLs reduce allergic airway inflammation by depleting CD103(+) and CD11b(+) DC populations in the lung, and may constitute a mechanism through which allergic immune responses are regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Daniels
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand.,University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - E Hyde
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - S Ghosh
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - K Seo
- Lab for Tissue Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS-RCAI), Yokohama, Japan
| | - K M Price
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - K Hoshino
- Laboratory for Inflammatory Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS-RCAI), Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Japan
| | - T Kaisho
- Laboratory for Inflammatory Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS-RCAI), Yokohama, Japan.,Laboratory for Immune Regulation, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Immunology, Institute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - T Okada
- Lab for Tissue Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS-RCAI), Yokohama, Japan.,PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan.,Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - F Ronchese
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
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Taniguchi K, Miyatake Y, Hayashi D, Takami A, Itoh S, Yamamoto S, Hida S, Onozaki K, Takii T. Early-shared Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin sub-strains induce Th1 cytokine production in vivo. Microbiol Immunol 2015; 59:684-9. [PMID: 26399380 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-12 is one of the cytokines that induce acquired immunity by progressing the differentiation of T cells. When antigens are presented by APCs, including macrophages and DCs, T cells are activated and produce the Th1 cytokines IL-2 and IFN-γ. We have previously reported greater IL-12 production from macrophages infected with early-shared BCG sub-strains (ex. BCG-Japan, -Sweden) than from those infected with late-shared BCG (ex. BCG-Pasteur and -Connaught) . In this study, we investigated the Th1 cytokine-inducing activity of splenocytes co-cultured with BCG-infected DCs. Early-shared BCG-infected DCs produced IL-12 and TNF-α⋅ Furthermore, when they were co-cultured with purified protein derivative-stimulated DCs, the splenocytes of mice immunized with BCG-Tokyo/Japan produced more Th1 cytokine than did those of mice immunized with BCG-Connaught. In conclusion, early-shared BCG sub-strains more strongly induce Th1 cytokine production in vivo. This study provides basic information to inform the selection of candidates for primary vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Taniguchi
- Department of Molecular Health Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603
| | - Yuuji Miyatake
- Department of Molecular Health Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603
| | - Daisuke Hayashi
- Japan BCG Laboratory, 3-1-5 Matsuyama, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-0022, Japan
| | - Atsuro Takami
- Department of Molecular Health Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603
| | - Saotomo Itoh
- Department of Molecular Health Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603
| | - Saburo Yamamoto
- Japan BCG Laboratory, 3-1-5 Matsuyama, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-0022, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Hida
- Department of Molecular Health Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603
| | - Kikuo Onozaki
- Department of Molecular Health Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603
| | - Takemasa Takii
- Department of Molecular Health Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603
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10
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Chen D, Wang Y, Wang H, Wu Y, Xia S, Zhang M. CD8(+) T activation attenuates CD4(+) T proliferation through dendritic cells modification. Cell Immunol 2015; 296:138-48. [PMID: 26022412 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence has suggested that CD8(+) T had modulatory function on CD4(+) T mediated autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we found that CD8(+) T activation inhibited OVA(323-339) antigen specific CD4(+) T cells proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Further investigation demonstrated that this immunosuppression largely depended on the soluble factor from activated CD8(+) T to modify the phenotype and functions of DCs. Moreover, not only the inhibitors for IDO or iNOS, but also IFN-γ neutralization markedly reversed this immunosuppression on OVA(323-339) antigen specific CD4(+) T cells proliferation. Interestingly, CD8(+) T cells absence aggravated the pathological damage in lung in OVA-induced asthma model, but alleviated by CD8(+) T transfer and activation. Thus, these findings suggested that activated CD8(+) T population exerted feedback regulation in DCs modification, and then attenuated CD4(+) T mediated immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwei Chen
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Wang
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiqing Wu
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Xia
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Minghui Zhang
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Abstract
Memory T cells are usually considered to be a feature of a successful immune response against a foreign antigen, and such cells can mediate potent immunity. However, in mice, alternative pathways have been described, through which naïve T cells can acquire the characteristics and functions of memory T cells without encountering specific foreign antigen or the typical signals required for conventional T cell differentiation. Such cells reflect a response to the internal rather the external environment, and hence such cells are called innate memory T cells. In this review, we describe how innate memory subsets were identified, the signals that induce their generation and their functional properties and potential role in the normal immune response. The existence of innate memory T cells in mice raises questions about whether parallel populations exist in humans, and we discuss the evidence for such populations during human T cell development and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C Jameson
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
| | - You Jeong Lee
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kristin A Hogquist
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
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12
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Chang YC, Hsiao YM, Hung SC, Chen YW, Ou CC, Chang WT, Lue KH, Ko JL. Alleviation of Dermatophagoides microceras-induced allergy by an immunomodulatory protein, FIP-fve, from Flammulina velutipes in mice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 79:88-96. [PMID: 25209380 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2014.956682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a major public health concern. Its greatest risk factor is house dust mite (HDM). Dermatophagoides microceras (Der m) is a type of HDM, and in central Taiwan, there is approximately 80% prevalence of sensitization to Der m. FIP-fve is a fungal immunomodulatory protein (FIP) isolated from the fungus Flammulina velutipes, and exhibits anti-inflammatory properties. To investigate whether FIP-fve affects Der m-induced asthma and inflammation, we evaluated hyper-responsiveness (AHR), pathological changes, and cytokines in mice. We demonstrated that oral FIP-fve decreased Der m-induced airway AHR, airway inflammation, cell infiltration, and expression of cytokines in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of Balb/c mice. The results of this study suggest that FIP-fve suppresses asthma, inflammation, and respiratory pathogenesis stimulated by Der m. FIP-fve is able to maintain immunomodulatory activity even in simulated gastric fluid and intestinal fluid. FIP-fve could be a safe and stable agent for suppression of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chi Chang
- a Institute of Medicine , Chung Shan Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan
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13
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Debock I, Flamand V. Unbalanced Neonatal CD4(+) T-Cell Immunity. Front Immunol 2014; 5:393. [PMID: 25221551 PMCID: PMC4145351 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In comparison to adults, newborns display a heightened susceptibility to pathogens and a propensity to develop allergic diseases. Particular properties of the neonatal immune system can account for this sensitivity. Indeed, a defect in developing protective Th1-type responses and a skewing toward Th2 immunity characterize today the neonatal T-cell immunity. Recently, new findings concerning Th17, regulatory helper T-cell, and follicular helper T-cell subsets in newborns have emerged. In some circumstances, development of effector inflammatory Th17-type responses can be induced in neonates, while differentiation in regulatory T-cells appears to be a default program of neonatal CD4+ T-cells. Poor antibody production, affinity maturation, and germinal center reaction in vaccinated neonates are correlated with a limiting expansion of TFH lymphocytes. We review herein the factors accounting for and the implications of the unbalanced neonatal helper T-cell immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Debock
- Institut d'Immunologie Médicale, Université Libre de Bruxelles , Gosselies , Belgium
| | - Véronique Flamand
- Institut d'Immunologie Médicale, Université Libre de Bruxelles , Gosselies , Belgium
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14
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Chang YC, Chow YH, Sun HL, Liu YF, Lee YT, Lue KH, Ko JL. Alleviation of respiratory syncytial virus replication and inflammation by fungal immunomodulatory protein FIP-fve from Flammulina velutipes. Antiviral Res 2014; 110:124-31. [PMID: 25131377 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2014.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes bronchiolitis in children followed by inflammation and asthma-like symptoms. The development of preventive therapy for this virus continues to pose a challenge. Fungal immunomodulatory proteins (FIPs) exhibit anti-inflammatory function. FIP-fve is an immunomodulatory protein isolated from Flammulina velutipes. To determine whether FIP-fve affects the infection or consequence of immunity of RSV, we investigated viral titers of RSV and inflammatory cytokine levels in vivo and in vitro. Oral FIP-fve decreased RSV-induced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), airway inflammation, and IL-6 expression in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of BALB/c mice. RSV replication and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels in RSV-infected HEp-2 cells were compared before and after FIP-fve treatment. FIP-fve inhibited viral titers on plaque assay and Western blot, as well as inhibited RSV-stimulated expression of IL-6 on ELISA and RT-PCR. The results of this study suggested that FIP-fve decreases RSV replication, RSV-induced inflammation and respiratory pathogenesis. FIP-fve is a widely used, natural compound from F.velutipes that may be a safe agent for viral prevention and even therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chi Chang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hung Chow
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, Miaoli County, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Hai-Lun Sun
- Division of Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fan Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tzu Lee
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Huang Lue
- Division of Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Jiunn-Liang Ko
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Division of Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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15
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Kurzweil V, LaRoche A, Oliver PM. Increased peripheral IL-4 leads to an expanded virtual memory CD8+ population. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:5643-51. [PMID: 24795452 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Memory-phenotype CD8(+) T cells can arise even in the absence of overt Ag stimulation. Virtual memory (VM) CD8(+) T cells are CD8(+) T cells that develop a memory phenotype in the periphery of wild-type mice in an IL-15-dependent manner. Innate CD8(+) T cells, in contrast, are memory-phenotype CD8(+) T cells that develop in the thymus in response to elevated thymic IL-4. It is not clear whether VM cells and innate CD8(+) T cells represent two independent T cell lineages or whether they arise through similar processes. In this study, we use mice deficient in Nedd4-family interacting protein 1 to show that overproduction of IL-4 in the periphery leads to an expanded VM population. Nedd4-family interacting protein 1(-/-) CD4(+) T cells produce large amounts of IL-4 due to a defect in JunB degradation. This IL-4 induces a memory-like phenotype in peripheral CD8(+) T cells that includes elevated expression of CD44, CD122, and Eomesodermin and decreased expression of CD49d. Thus, our data show that excess peripheral IL-4 is sufficient to cause an increase in the VM population. Our results suggest that VM and innate CD8(+) T cells may be more similar than previously appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Kurzweil
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and
| | - Ami LaRoche
- Cell Pathology Division, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Paula M Oliver
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and Cell Pathology Division, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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16
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Neamati A, Chaman F, Hosseini M, Boskabady MH. The effects of Valeriana officinalis L. hydro-alcoholic extract on depression like behavior in ovalbumin sensitized rats. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2014; 6:97-103. [PMID: 24741277 PMCID: PMC3983753 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.129174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Neuroimmune factors have been considered as contributors to the pathogenesis of depression. Beside other therapeutic effects, Valeriana officinalis L., have been suggested to have anti-inflammatory effects. In the present study, the effects of V. officinalis L. hydro alcoholic extract was investigated on depression like behavior in ovalbumin sensitized rats. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 Wistar rats were divided into five groups: Group 1 (control group) received saline instead of Valeriana officinalis L. extract. The animals in group 2 (sensitized) were treated by saline instead of the extract and were sensitized using the ovalbumin. Groups 3-5 (Sent - Ext 50), (Sent - Ext 100) and (Sent - Ext 200) were treated by 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg of V. officinalis L. hydro-alcoholic extract respectively, during the sensitization protocol. Forced swimming test was performed for all groups and immobility time was recorded. Finally, the animals were placed in the open-field apparatus and the crossing number on peripheral and central areas was observed. Results: The immobility time in the sensitized group was higher than that in the control group (P < 0.01). The animals in Sent-Ext 100 and Sent-Ext 200 groups had lower immobility times in comparison with sensitized group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01). In the open field test, the crossed number in peripheral by the sensitized group was higher than that of the control one (P < 0.01) while, the animals of Sent-Ext 50, Sent-Ext 100 and Sent-Ext 200 groups had lower crossing number in peripheral compared with the sensitized group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 respectively). Furthermore, in the sensitized group, the central crossing number was lower than that of the control group (P < 0.001). In the animals treated by 200 mg/kg of the extract, the central crossing number was higher than that of the sensitized group (P < 0. 05). Conclusions: The results of the present study showed that the hydro-alcoholic extract of V. officinalis prevents depression like behavior in ovalbumin sensitized rats. These results support the traditional belief on the about beneficial effects of V. officinalis in the nervous system. Moreover, further investigations are required in order to better understand this protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Neamati
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashad, Iran
| | - Fariba Chaman
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Fars Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hosseini
- Neurocognitive Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad, University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Boskabady
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad, University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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17
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Krupnick AS, Lin X, Li W, Higashikubo R, Zinselmeyer BH, Hartzler H, Toth K, Ritter JH, Berezin MY, Wang ST, Miller MJ, Gelman AE, Kreisel D. Central memory CD8+ T lymphocytes mediate lung allograft acceptance. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:1130-43. [PMID: 24569377 PMCID: PMC3938255 DOI: 10.1172/jci71359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory T lymphocytes are commonly viewed as a major barrier for long-term survival of organ allografts and are thought to accelerate rejection responses due to their rapid infiltration into allografts, low threshold for activation, and ability to produce inflammatory mediators. Because memory T cells are usually associated with rejection, preclinical protocols have been developed to target this population in transplant recipients. Here, using a murine model, we found that costimulatory blockade-mediated lung allograft acceptance depended on the rapid infiltration of the graft by central memory CD8+ T cells (CD44(hi)CD62L(hi)CCR7+). Chemokine receptor signaling and alloantigen recognition were required for trafficking of these memory T cells to lung allografts. Intravital 2-photon imaging revealed that CCR7 expression on CD8+ T cells was critical for formation of stable synapses with antigen-presenting cells, resulting in IFN-γ production, which induced NO and downregulated alloimmune responses. Thus, we describe a critical role for CD8+ central memory T cells in lung allograft acceptance and highlight the need for tailored approaches for tolerance induction in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Sasha Krupnick
- Department of Surgery and
Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Department of Radiology and
Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Xue Lin
- Department of Surgery and
Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Department of Radiology and
Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Wenjun Li
- Department of Surgery and
Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Department of Radiology and
Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ryuiji Higashikubo
- Department of Surgery and
Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Department of Radiology and
Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Bernd H. Zinselmeyer
- Department of Surgery and
Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Department of Radiology and
Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Hollyce Hartzler
- Department of Surgery and
Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Department of Radiology and
Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kelsey Toth
- Department of Surgery and
Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Department of Radiology and
Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jon H. Ritter
- Department of Surgery and
Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Department of Radiology and
Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Mikhail Y. Berezin
- Department of Surgery and
Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Department of Radiology and
Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Steven T. Wang
- Department of Surgery and
Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Department of Radiology and
Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Mark J. Miller
- Department of Surgery and
Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Department of Radiology and
Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Andrew E. Gelman
- Department of Surgery and
Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Department of Radiology and
Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Daniel Kreisel
- Department of Surgery and
Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Department of Radiology and
Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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18
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Abstract
In early life, our immune system has the characteristics of tolerance to alloantigens. During this period, our adaptive immunity is not at rest. On the contrary, it is polarized so as to promote the activation of Th2-type T cell response at the expense of cytotoxic Th1- or Th17-type responses. This may explain the vulnerability of infants to aggression by pathogens, their increased sensitivity to develop allergic diseases or their poor responses to some vaccines. Exposure to environmental factors will modify that neonatal tolerance due to its control by other actors and will thus have potential repercussions on the subsequent onset of allergies or autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Flamand
- Institut d'immunologie médicale, Université libre de Bruxelles, 8, rue Adrienne Bolland, 6041 Gosselies, Belgique
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19
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Wang XY, Ma WJ, Liu CS, Li YX. Effect of low-level laser therapy on allergic asthma in rats. Lasers Med Sci 2013; 29:1043-50. [PMID: 24158722 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-013-1456-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a complex chronic inflammatory disease of the airways that involves the activation of many inflammatory and other types of cells. We investigated the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on allergic asthma in rats and compared its effect with that of the glucocorticoid budesonide. Asthma was induced by challenge and repeated exposure to ovalbumin. Asthmatic rats were then treated with LLLT or budesonide suspension. LLLT at 8 J/cm(2) once daily for 21 days could relieve pathological damage and airway inflammation in asthmatic rats. LLLT could decrease the total numbers of cells and eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. LLLT could reduce levels of IL-4 and increase IFN-γ levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and serum, meanwhile reduce serum IgE levels. Flow cytometry assay showed that LLLT can regulate the Th1/Th2 imbalance of asthmatic rats. LLLT had a similar effect to that of budesonide. These findings suggest that the mechanism of LLLT treatment of asthma is by adjustment of Th1/Th2 imbalance. Thus, LLLT could take over some of the effects of budesonide for the treatment of asthma, thereby reducing some of the side effects of budesonide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-yan Wang
- Department of Paediatric, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
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20
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Ohta N, Makihara S, Okano M, Kurakami K, Ishida A, Furukawa T, Suzuki Y, Watanabe T, Kakehata S, Aoyagi M. Roles of IL-17, Th1, and Tc1 cells in patients with IgG4-related sclerosing sialadenitis. Laryngoscope 2012; 122:2169-74. [PMID: 22786718 DOI: 10.1002/lary.23429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Revised: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related sclerosing sialadenitis is a recently recognized disease entity characterized by high serum IgG4 concentration and IgG4-producing plasma cell expansion in affected organs, which show fibrotic or sclerotic changes. However, little is known about the roles of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells or interleukin (IL)-17 in this disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and IL-17 in patients with IgG4-related sclerosing sialadenitis. STUDY DESIGN A retrospective clinical study at the Yamagata University School of Medicine. METHODS The patient group consisted of six males and four females with an average age of 57.9 years (range, 38 to 73 years). Subsets of T helper (Th)1, Th2, T cytotoxic type (Tc)1, and Tc2 cells from patients with IgG4-related sclerosing sialadenitis were examined by using intracellular cytokine flow cytometry. Expression of IL-17 in the patients' lesions was also investigated immunohistochemically. RESULTS Six patients with IgG4-related sclerosing sialadenitis with high ratios of IgG4/IgG and prominent infiltration of IgG4-positive plasmacytes in the involved salivary glands had systemic complications, including pancreatitis, retroperitoneal fibrosis, and/or inflammatory pseudotumor of the lung after the initial swelling of the salivary glands. Populations of Th1 and Tc1 cells were significantly greater in IgG4-related sclerosing sialadenitis than in the controls (P < .05), but Th2 and Tc2 cell populations were not significantly increased. Expression of IL-17 was observed in the lesions of affected patients. CONCLUSIONS Increases in Th1 and Tc1 cell populations and IL-17 expression might be involved in the mechanism of pathogenesis of IgG4-related sclerosing sialadenitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuo Ohta
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan.
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21
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Gerhold K, Avagyan A, Reichert E, Seib C, Van DV, Luger EO, Hutloff A, Hamelmann E. Prenatal allergen exposures prevent allergen-induced sensitization and airway inflammation in young mice. Allergy 2012; 67:353-61. [PMID: 22229690 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2011.02775.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune-modulation such as tolerance induction appears to be an upcoming concept to prevent development of atopic diseases. Pregnancy might present a critical period for preventing allergic sensitization of the progeny. We investigated the effect of maternal allergen exposures during pregnancy on allergen-induced sensitization and airway inflammation in the offspring in a murine model. METHODS BALB/c mice were exposed to aerosolized ovalbumin (OVA) three times per week from day 7 of pregnancy until delivery (day 0). Offspring were systemically sensitized by six intraperitoneal injections with OVA between postnatal days 21 and 35, prior to airway allergen challenges on days 48, 49, and 50. Analyses were performed on day 52. To examine long-lasting effects of maternal OVA exposures some offspring were sensitized between days 115 and 129; analyses took place on day 147. RESULTS Compared to maternal placebo exposures, maternal OVA exposures suppressed OVA-specific IgE serum levels and inhibited development of allergen-induced airway inflammation in the OVA-sensitized offspring on both days 52 and 147. This protective effect was associated with a shift from a predominant Th2 immune response toward a predominant production of the cytokines IFN-γ and IL-10. Further, maternal OVA exposures were associated with development of CD25(+) Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (T(regs)) in the OVA-sensitized offspring. Depletion of T(regs) or neutralization of IL-10 prior to allergen sensitization re-established OVA-induced sensitization and eosinophilic airway inflammation in the OVA-sensitized offspring. CONCLUSIONS In our model, maternal allergen exposures during pregnancy prevented later allergen-mediated sensitization and airway inflammation by allergen-specific tolerance induction in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A. Avagyan
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Immunology; Charité; Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin; Germany
| | - E. Reichert
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Immunology; Charité; Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin; Germany
| | - C. Seib
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Immunology; Charité; Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin; Germany
| | | | - E. O. Luger
- German Rheumatism Research Centre Berlin (DRFZ); A Leibniz Institute; Berlin; Germany
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22
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Kobayashi R, Nakanishi T, Nagase H. Trichloroethylene enhances TCR-CD3-induced proliferation of CD8 + rather than CD4 + T cells. J Toxicol Sci 2012; 37:381-7. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.37.381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry and Molecular Toxicology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University
| | - Tsuyoshi Nakanishi
- Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry and Molecular Toxicology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University
| | - Hisamitsu Nagase
- Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry and Molecular Toxicology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University
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23
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p16INK4a deficiency promotes IL-4-induced polarization and inhibits proinflammatory signaling in macrophages. Blood 2011; 118:2556-66. [PMID: 21636855 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-10-313106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The CDKN2A locus, which contains the tumor suppressor gene p16(INK4a), is associated with an increased risk of age-related inflammatory diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, in which macrophages play a crucial role. Monocytes can polarize toward classically (CAMϕ) or alternatively (AAMϕ) activated macrophages. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the acquisition of these phenotypes are not well defined. Here, we show that p16(INK4a) deficiency (p16(-/-)) modulates the macrophage phenotype. Transcriptome analysis revealed that p16(-/-) BM-derived macrophages (BMDMs) exhibit a phenotype resembling IL-4-induced macrophage polarization. In line with this observation, p16(-/-) BMDMs displayed a decreased response to classically polarizing IFNγ and LPS and an increased sensitivity to alternative polarization by IL-4. Furthermore, mice transplanted with p16(-/-) BM displayed higher hepatic AAMϕ marker expression levels on Schistosoma mansoni infection, an in vivo model of AAMϕ phenotype skewing. Surprisingly, p16(-/-) BMDMs did not display increased IL-4-induced STAT6 signaling, but decreased IFNγ-induced STAT1 and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced IKKα,β phosphorylation. This decrease correlated with decreased JAK2 phosphorylation and with higher levels of inhibitory acetylation of STAT1 and IKKα,β. These findings identify p16(INK4a) as a modulator of macrophage activation and polarization via the JAK2-STAT1 pathway with possible roles in inflammatory diseases.
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