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Zhang J, Liu H, Chen Y, Liu H, Zhang S, Yin G, Xie Q. Augmenting regulatory T cells: new therapeutic strategy for rheumatoid arthritis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1312919. [PMID: 38322264 PMCID: PMC10844451 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1312919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic autoimmune condition marked by inflammation of the joints, degradation of the articular cartilage, and bone resorption. Recent studies found the absolute and relative decreases in circulating regulatory T cells (Tregs) in RA patients. Tregs are a unique type of cells exhibiting immunosuppressive functions, known for expressing the Foxp3 gene. They are instrumental in maintaining immunological tolerance and preventing autoimmunity. Increasing the absolute number and/or enhancing the function of Tregs are effective strategies for treating RA. This article reviews the studies on the mechanisms and targeted therapies related to Tregs in RA, with a view to provide better ideas for the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqian Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongjiang Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuehong Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shengxiao Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Geng Yin
- Department of General Practice, General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qibing Xie
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Lefebvre A, Trioën C, Renaud S, Laine W, Hennart B, Bouchez C, Leroux B, Allorge D, Kluza J, Werkmeister E, Grolez GP, Delhem N, Moralès O. Extracellular vesicles derived from nasopharyngeal carcinoma induce the emergence of mature regulatory dendritic cells using a galectin-9 dependent mechanism. J Extracell Vesicles 2023; 12:e12390. [PMID: 38117000 PMCID: PMC10731827 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma-derived small extracellular vesicles (NPCSEVs) have an immunosuppressive impact on the tumour microenvironment. In this study, we investigated their influence on the generation of tolerogenic dendritic cells and the potential involvement of the galectin-9 (Gal9) they carry in this process. We analysed the phenotype and immunosuppressive properties of NPCSEVs and explored the ability of DCs exposed to NPCSEVs (NPCSEV-DCs) to regulate T cell proliferation. To assess their impact at the pathophysiological level, we performed real-time fluorescent chemoattraction assays. Finally, we analysed phenotype and immunosuppressive functions of NPCSEV-DCs using a proprietary anti-Gal9 neutralising antibody to assess the role of Gal9 in this effect. We described that NPCSEV-DCs were able to inhibit T cell proliferation despite their mature phenotype. These mature regulatory DCs (mregDCs) have a specific oxidative metabolism and secrete high levels of IL-4. Chemoattraction assays revealed that NPCSEVs could preferentially recruit NPCSEV-DCs. Finally, and very interestingly, the reduction of the immunosuppressive function of NPCSEV-DCs using an anti-Gal9 antibody clearly suggested an important role for vesicular Gal9 in the induction of mregDCs. These results revealed for the first time that NPCSEVs promote the emergence of mregDCs using a galectin-9 dependent mechanism and open new perspectives for antitumour immunotherapy targeting NPCSEVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Lefebvre
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille U1189 – ONCO‐THAI – Assisted Laser Therapy and Immunotherapy for OncologyLilleFrance
| | - Camille Trioën
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille U1189 – ONCO‐THAI – Assisted Laser Therapy and Immunotherapy for OncologyLilleFrance
| | - Sarah Renaud
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille U1189 – ONCO‐THAI – Assisted Laser Therapy and Immunotherapy for OncologyLilleFrance
| | - William Laine
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020‐U1277 ‐ CANTHER ‐ Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to TherapiesLilleFrance
| | | | - Clément Bouchez
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille U1189 – ONCO‐THAI – Assisted Laser Therapy and Immunotherapy for OncologyLilleFrance
| | - Bertrand Leroux
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille U1189 – ONCO‐THAI – Assisted Laser Therapy and Immunotherapy for OncologyLilleFrance
| | | | - Jérôme Kluza
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020‐U1277 ‐ CANTHER ‐ Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to TherapiesLilleFrance
| | - Elisabeth Werkmeister
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, US 41 – UAR 2014 – PLBSLilleFrance
| | - Guillaume Paul Grolez
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille U1189 – ONCO‐THAI – Assisted Laser Therapy and Immunotherapy for OncologyLilleFrance
| | - Nadira Delhem
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille U1189 – ONCO‐THAI – Assisted Laser Therapy and Immunotherapy for OncologyLilleFrance
| | - Olivier Moralès
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille U1189 – ONCO‐THAI – Assisted Laser Therapy and Immunotherapy for OncologyLilleFrance
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020‐U1277 ‐ CANTHER ‐ Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to TherapiesLilleFrance
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T Cell Energy Metabolism Is a Target of Glucocorticoids in Mice, Healthy Humans, and MS Patients. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030450. [PMID: 36766792 PMCID: PMC9914408 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are used to treat inflammatory disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS) by exerting prominent activities in T cells including apoptosis induction and suppression of cytokine production. However, little is known about their impact on energy metabolism, although it is widely accepted that this process is a critical rheostat of T cell activity. We thus tested the hypothesis that GCs control genes and processes involved in nutrient transport and glycolysis. Our experiments revealed that escalating doses of dexamethasone (Dex) repressed energy metabolism in murine and human primary T cells. This effect was mediated by the GC receptor and unrelated to both apoptosis induction and Stat1 activity. In contrast, treatment of human T cells with rapamycin abolished the repression of metabolic gene expression by Dex, unveiling mTOR as a critical target of GC action. A similar phenomenon was observed in MS patients after intravenous methylprednisolon (IVMP) pulse therapy. The expression of metabolic genes was reduced in the peripheral blood T cells of most patients 24 h after GC treatment, an effect that correlated with disease activity. Collectively, our results establish the regulation of T cell energy metabolism by GCs as a new immunomodulatory principle.
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Reichardt SD, Amouret A, Muzzi C, Vettorazzi S, Tuckermann JP, Lühder F, Reichardt HM. The Role of Glucocorticoids in Inflammatory Diseases. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112921. [PMID: 34831143 PMCID: PMC8616489 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
For more than 70 years, glucocorticoids (GCs) have been a powerful and affordable treatment option for inflammatory diseases. However, their benefits do not come without a cost, since GCs also cause side effects. Therefore, strong efforts are being made to improve their therapeutic index. In this review, we illustrate the mechanisms and target cells of GCs in the pathogenesis and treatment of some of the most frequent inflammatory disorders affecting the central nervous system, the gastrointestinal tract, the lung, and the joints, as well as graft-versus-host disease, which often develops after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In addition, an overview is provided of novel approaches aimed at improving GC therapy based on chemical modifications or GC delivery using nanoformulations. GCs remain a topic of highly active scientific research despite being one of the oldest class of drugs in medical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sybille D. Reichardt
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany; (S.D.R.); (A.A.); (C.M.)
| | - Agathe Amouret
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany; (S.D.R.); (A.A.); (C.M.)
| | - Chiara Muzzi
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany; (S.D.R.); (A.A.); (C.M.)
| | - Sabine Vettorazzi
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (S.V.); (J.P.T.)
| | - Jan P. Tuckermann
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (S.V.); (J.P.T.)
| | - Fred Lühder
- Institute for Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany;
| | - Holger M. Reichardt
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany; (S.D.R.); (A.A.); (C.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-551-3963365
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Exploring the Pathogenic Role and Therapeutic Implications of Interleukin 2 in Autoimmune Hepatitis. Dig Dis Sci 2021; 66:2493-2512. [PMID: 32833154 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-020-06562-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin 2 is essential for the expansion of regulatory T cells, and low-dose recombinant interleukin 2 has improved the clinical manifestations of diverse autoimmune diseases in preliminary studies. The goals of this review are to describe the actions of interleukin 2 and its receptor, present preliminary experiences with low-dose interleukin 2 in the treatment of diverse autoimmune diseases, and evaluate its potential as a therapeutic intervention in autoimmune hepatitis. English abstracts were identified in PubMed by multiple search terms. Full-length articles were selected for review, and secondary and tertiary bibliographies were developed. Interleukin 2 is critical for the thymic selection, peripheral expansion, induction, and survival of regulatory T cells, and it is also a growth factor for activated T cells and natural killer cells. Interleukin 2 activates the signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 after binding with its trimeric receptor on regulatory T cells. Immune suppressor activity is increased; anti-inflammatory interleukin 10 is released; pro-inflammatory interferon-gamma is inhibited; and activation-induced apoptosis of CD8+ T cells is upregulated. Preliminary experiences with cyclic injections of low-dose recombinant interleukin 2 in diverse autoimmune diseases have demonstrated increased numbers of circulating regulatory T cells, preserved regulatory function, improved clinical manifestations, and excellent tolerance. Similar improvements have been recognized in one of two patients with refractory autoimmune hepatitis. In conclusion, interferon 2 has biological actions that favor the immune suppressor functions of regulatory T cells, and low-dose regimens in preliminary studies encourage its rigorous investigation in autoimmune hepatitis.
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Liang JB, Chen Y, Chen RL, Li YK, Li B, You ZR, Li Y, Zhang J, Huang BY, Wei YR, Lyu ZW, Lian M, Xiao X, Wang QX, Tang RQ, Fang JY, Chen XY, Ma X, Miao Q. CD8 + T cells actively penetrate hepatocytes via the CD44/p-ERM/F-actin pathway in autoimmune hepatitis. J Dig Dis 2021; 22:351-362. [PMID: 33928766 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.12995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Emperipolesis is a pathological feature for the diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). We have previously found that CD8+ T cells participated in the emperipolesis in AIH. In this study we aimed to clarify the characteristics and molecular mechanisms of emperipolesis in patients with AIH in vitro and in mice with α-Galactosylceramide (α-GalCer)-induced acute hepatitis. METHODS The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of patients with various chronic liver diseases and healthy controls were co-cultured with hepatic cell lines to induce emperipolesis in vitro. Confocal staining was performed to illustrate the cellular types and potential mechanisms of emperipolesis in AIH. In addition, a murine model of α-GalCer-induced acute hepatitis that mimics human AIH was used to confirm the role of CD44/p-ERM/F-actin in the emperipolesis process in vivo. RESULTS In the co-cultured system of PBMC and hepatic cell line, emperipolesis was observed most commonly in patients with AIH. The main cells participating in emperipolesis were CD8+ T cells, and they penetrated hepatic cells actively via the CD44/p-ERM/F-actin pathway. As a result, most CD8+ T cells engulfed by hepatic cells underwent apoptosis. In the α-GalCer-induced acute hepatitis model, emperipolesis was observed around the inflammatory foci and was inhibited by the ezrin phosphorylation inhibitor NSC668394. Similarly, activated murine CD8+ T cells penetrated primary hepatocytes via the CD44/p-ERM/F-actin pathway in vitro. CONCLUSIONS CD8+ T cells penetrate hepatic cells actively via the CD44/p-ERM/F-actin signaling pathway and undergo apoptosis. This may be a compensatory mechanism to attenuate the overwhelming immune attack in AIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Bo Liang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Ling Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Kang Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Rui You
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - You Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Yuan Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Ran Wei
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhu Wan Lyu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Lian
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Xia Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Ru Qi Tang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Yuan Fang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Yu Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiong Ma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Miao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
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Chen S, Rivaud P, Park JH, Tsou T, Charles E, Haliburton JR, Pichiorri F, Thomson M. Dissecting heterogeneous cell populations across drug and disease conditions with PopAlign. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:28784-28794. [PMID: 33127759 PMCID: PMC7682438 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2005990117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-cell measurement techniques can now probe gene expression in heterogeneous cell populations from the human body across a range of environmental and physiological conditions. However, new mathematical and computational methods are required to represent and analyze gene-expression changes that occur in complex mixtures of single cells as they respond to signals, drugs, or disease states. Here, we introduce a mathematical modeling platform, PopAlign, that automatically identifies subpopulations of cells within a heterogeneous mixture and tracks gene-expression and cell-abundance changes across subpopulations by constructing and comparing probabilistic models. Probabilistic models provide a low-error, compressed representation of single-cell data that enables efficient large-scale computations. We apply PopAlign to analyze the impact of 40 different immunomodulatory compounds on a heterogeneous population of donor-derived human immune cells as well as patient-specific disease signatures in multiple myeloma. PopAlign scales to comparisons involving tens to hundreds of samples, enabling large-scale studies of natural and engineered cell populations as they respond to drugs, signals, or physiological change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Chen
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125;
- Beckman Center for Single-Cell Profiling and Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Paul Rivaud
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
- Beckman Center for Single-Cell Profiling and Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Jong H Park
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
- Beckman Center for Single-Cell Profiling and Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Tiffany Tsou
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
- Beckman Center for Single-Cell Profiling and Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Emeric Charles
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | | | - Flavia Pichiorri
- Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science, City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016
| | - Matt Thomson
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125;
- Beckman Center for Single-Cell Profiling and Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
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Chen YH, Eskandarpour M, Gondrand A, Zhang X, Gu R, Galatowicz G, Lightman SL, Calder VL. Functionally distinct IFN-γ + IL-17A + Th cells in experimental autoimmune uveitis: T-cell heterogeneity, migration, and steroid response. Eur J Immunol 2020; 50:1941-1951. [PMID: 32652562 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Immunopathogenic roles for both Th1 (CD4+ IFN-γ+ ) and Th17 (CD4+ IL-17A+ ) cells have been demonstrated in experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). However, the role for Th17/Th1 (CD4+ T cells co-expressing IFN-γ and IL-17A) cells in EAU is not yet understood. Using interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein peptide-induced EAU in mice, we found increased levels of Th17/Th1 cells in EAU retinae (mean 9.6 ± 4.2%) and draining LNs (mean 8.4 ± 3.9%; p = 0.01) relative to controls. Topical dexamethasone treatment effectively reduced EAU severity and decreased retinal Th1 cells (p = 0.01), but had no impact on retinal Th17/Th1 or Th17 cells compared to saline controls. Using in vitro migration assays with mouse CNS endothelium, we demonstrated that Th17/Th1 cells were significantly increased within the migrated population relative to controls (mean 15.6 ± 9.5% vs. 1.9 ± 1.5%; p = 0.01). Chemokine receptor profiles of Th17/Th1 cells (CXCR3 and CCR6) did not change throughout the transendothelial migration process and were unaffected by dexamethasone treatment. These findings support a role for Th17/Th1 cells in EAU and their resistance to steroid inhibition suggests the importance of targeting both Th17 and Th17/Th1 cells for improving therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsing Chen
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | | | - Aurelia Gondrand
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Xiaozhe Zhang
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Renyang Gu
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Sue L Lightman
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK.,Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
| | - Virginia L Calder
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
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ERM Proteins at the Crossroad of Leukocyte Polarization, Migration and Intercellular Adhesion. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041502. [PMID: 32098334 PMCID: PMC7073024 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ezrin, radixin and moesin proteins (ERMs) are plasma membrane (PM) organizers that link the actin cytoskeleton to the cytoplasmic tail of transmembrane proteins, many of which are adhesion receptors, in order to regulate the formation of F-actin-based structures (e.g., microspikes and microvilli). ERMs also effect transmission of signals from the PM into the cell, an action mainly exerted through the compartmentalized activation of the small Rho GTPases Rho, Rac and Cdc42. Ezrin and moesin are the ERMs more highly expressed in leukocytes, and although they do not always share functions, both are mainly regulated through phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) binding to the N-terminal band 4.1 protein-ERM (FERM) domain and phosphorylation of a conserved Thr in the C-terminal ERM association domain (C-ERMAD), exerting their functions through a wide assortment of mechanisms. In this review we will discuss some of these mechanisms, focusing on how they regulate polarization and migration in leukocytes, and formation of actin-based cellular structures like the phagocytic cup-endosome and the immune synapse in macrophages/neutrophils and lymphocytes, respectively, which represent essential aspects of the effector immune response.
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10
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Fischer HJ, Finck TLK, Pellkofer HL, Reichardt HM, Lühder F. Glucocorticoid Therapy of Multiple Sclerosis Patients Induces Anti-inflammatory Polarization and Increased Chemotaxis of Monocytes. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1200. [PMID: 31191554 PMCID: PMC6549240 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS), characterized by the infiltration of mononuclear cells into the CNS and a subsequent inflammation of the brain. Monocytes are implicated in disease pathogenesis not only in their function as potential antigen-presenting cells involved in the local reactivation of encephalitogenic T cells but also by independent effector functions contributing to structural damage and disease progression. However, monocytes also have beneficial effects as they can exert anti-inflammatory activity and promote tissue repair. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely used to treat acute relapses in MS patients. They act on a variety of cell types but their exact mechanisms of action including their modulation of monocyte function are not fully understood. Here we investigated effects of the therapeutically relevant GC methylprednisolone (MP) on monocytes from healthy individuals and MS patients in vitro and in vivo. The monocyte composition in the blood was different in MS patients compared to healthy individuals, but it was only marginally affected by MP treatment. In contrast, application of MP caused a marked shift toward an anti-inflammatory monocyte phenotype in vitro and in vivo as revealed by an altered gene expression profile. Chemotaxis of monocytes toward CCL2, CCL5, and CX3CL1 was increased in MS patients compared to healthy individuals and further enhanced by MP pulse therapy. Both of these migration-promoting effects were more pronounced in MS patients with an acute relapse than in those with a progressive disease. Interestingly, the pro-migratory GC effect was independent of chemokine receptor levels as exemplified by results obtained for CCR2. Collectively, our findings suggest that GCs polarize monocytes toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype and enhance their migration into the inflamed CNS, endowing them with the capacity to suppress the pathogenic immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrike J Fischer
- Institute for Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research, University Medical Center Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Institute for Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tobias L K Finck
- Institute for Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research, University Medical Center Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hannah L Pellkofer
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Holger M Reichardt
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Fred Lühder
- Institute for Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research, University Medical Center Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
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11
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Tripathi SK, Välikangas T, Shetty A, Khan MM, Moulder R, Bhosale SD, Komsi E, Salo V, De Albuquerque RS, Rasool O, Galande S, Elo LL, Lahesmaa R. Quantitative Proteomics Reveals the Dynamic Protein Landscape during Initiation of Human Th17 Cell Polarization. iScience 2018; 11:334-355. [PMID: 30641411 PMCID: PMC6330361 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Th17 cells contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases and cancer. To reveal the Th17 cell-specific proteomic signature regulating Th17 cell differentiation and function in humans, we used a label-free mass spectrometry-based approach. Furthermore, a comprehensive analysis of the proteome and transcriptome of cells during human Th17 differentiation revealed a high degree of overlap between the datasets. However, when compared with corresponding published mouse data, we found very limited overlap between the proteins differentially regulated in response to Th17 differentiation. Validations were made for a panel of selected proteins with known and unknown functions. Finally, using RNA interference, we showed that SATB1 negatively regulates human Th17 cell differentiation. Overall, the current study illustrates a comprehensive picture of the global protein landscape during early human Th17 cell differentiation. Poor overlap with mouse data underlines the importance of human studies for translational research. Quantitative proteomics analysis of early human Th17 cell polarization The proteome and transcriptome highly correlate during early Th17 polarization Poor overlap of proteome profiles of human and mouse during early Th17 polarization The results underline the importance of human studies for translational research
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhash K Tripathi
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Tommi Välikangas
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, FI-20520 Turku, Finland; Doctoral Programme in Mathematics and Computer Sciences (MATTI), University of Turku, University Hill, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Ankitha Shetty
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, FI-20520 Turku, Finland; Centre of Excellence in Epigenetics, Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune 411008, India
| | - Mohd Moin Khan
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, FI-20520 Turku, Finland; Turku Doctoral Programme of Molecular Medicine (TuDMM), University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Robert Moulder
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Santosh D Bhosale
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, FI-20520 Turku, Finland; Turku Doctoral Programme of Molecular Medicine (TuDMM), University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Elina Komsi
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Verna Salo
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, FI-20520 Turku, Finland; Turku Doctoral Programme of Molecular Medicine (TuDMM), University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Rafael Sales De Albuquerque
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Omid Rasool
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Sanjeev Galande
- Centre of Excellence in Epigenetics, Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune 411008, India
| | - Laura L Elo
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, FI-20520 Turku, Finland.
| | - Riitta Lahesmaa
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, FI-20520 Turku, Finland.
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12
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Novel Drug Delivery Systems Tailored for Improved Administration of Glucocorticoids. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18091836. [PMID: 28837059 PMCID: PMC5618485 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GC) are one of the most popular and versatile classes of drugs available to treat chronic inflammation and cancer, but side effects and resistance constrain their use. To overcome these hurdles, which are often related to the uniform tissue distribution of free GC and their short half-life in biological fluids, new delivery vehicles have been developed including PEGylated liposomes, polymeric micelles, polymer-drug conjugates, inorganic scaffolds, and hybrid nanoparticles. While each of these nanoformulations has individual drawbacks, they are often superior to free GC in many aspects including therapeutic efficacy when tested in cell culture or animal models. Successful application of nanomedicines has been demonstrated in various models of neuroinflammatory diseases, cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, and several other disorders. Moreover, investigations using human cells and first clinical trials raise the hope that the new delivery vehicles may have the potential to make GC therapies more tolerable, specific and efficient in the future.
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13
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Klaßen C, Karabinskaya A, Dejager L, Vettorazzi S, Van Moorleghem J, Lühder F, Meijsing SH, Tuckermann JP, Bohnenberger H, Libert C, Reichardt HM. Airway Epithelial Cells Are Crucial Targets of Glucocorticoids in a Mouse Model of Allergic Asthma. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:48-61. [PMID: 28515280 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Although glucocorticoids (GCs) are a mainstay in the clinical management of asthma, the target cells that mediate their therapeutic effects are unknown. Contrary to our expectation, we found that GC receptor (GR) expression in immune cells was dispensable for successful therapy of allergic airway inflammation (AAI) with dexamethasone. Instead, GC treatment was compromised in mice expressing a defective GR in the nonhematopoietic compartment or selectively lacking the GR in airway epithelial cells. Further, we found that an intact GR dimerization interface was a prerequisite for the suppression of AAI and airway hyperresponsiveness by GCs. Our observation that the ability of dexamethasone to modulate gene expression in airway epithelial cells coincided with its potency to resolve AAI supports a crucial role for transcriptional regulation by the GR in this cell type. Taken together, we identified an unknown mode of GC action in the treatment of allergic asthma that might help to develop more specific therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Klaßen
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anna Karabinskaya
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lien Dejager
- Inflammation Research Center, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, University of Ghent, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sabine Vettorazzi
- Institute of Comparative Endocrinology, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Fred Lühder
- Institute for Multiple Sclerosis Research and Neuroimmunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Jan P Tuckermann
- Institute of Comparative Endocrinology, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Hanibal Bohnenberger
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Claude Libert
- Inflammation Research Center, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, University of Ghent, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Holger M Reichardt
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany;
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14
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Abstract
Immunosuppression strategies that selectively inhibit effector T cells while preserving and even enhancing CD4FOXP3 regulatory T cells (Treg) permit immune self-regulation and may allow minimization of immunosuppression and associated toxicities. Many immunosuppressive drugs were developed before the identity and function of Treg were appreciated. A good understanding of the interactions between Treg and immunosuppressive agents will be valuable to the effective design of more tolerable immunosuppression regimens. This review will discuss preclinical and clinical evidence regarding the influence of current and emerging immunosuppressive drugs on Treg homeostasis, stability, and function as a guideline for the selection and development of Treg-friendly immunosuppressive regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Furukawa
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Steven A Wisel
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Qizhi Tang
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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15
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Chien EJ, Hsu CH, Chang VHJ, Lin EPY, Kuo TPT, Chien CH, Lin HY. In human T cells mifepristone antagonizes glucocorticoid non-genomic rapid responses in terms of Na(+)/H(+)-exchange 1 activity, but not ezrin/radixin/moesin phosphorylation. Steroids 2016; 111:29-36. [PMID: 26773750 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) and progesterone have been employed as immunosuppressive agents during pregnancy for many years. Intracellular acidification by GCs is due to a rapid non-genomic inhibition of membrane Na(+)/H(+)-exchange 1 (NHE1) activity and is followed by immunosuppression of PHA-stimulated proliferation. NHE1 is tethered to the cortical actin cytoskeleton through ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) proteins within lipid rafts; these regulate cell shape, migration and resistance to apoptosis. We explored whether mifepristone (RU486), an antagonist of GCs in T cells, is able to completely block rapid non-genomic responses, namely NHE1 activity and the phosphorylation C-terminal residues of ERM proteins at threonine (cp-ERM). GCs stimulate a rapid non-genomic cp-ERM response in cells within 5min. RU486 antagonized the GC-induced rapid decrease in NHE1 activity, and arrested PHA-stimulated T cells at G0/G1 phase but had no effect on the rapid increase in cp-ERM, which persisted for 24h. However, the cp-ERM response was blocked by staurosporine in both resting and GC stimulated cells. The results of RU486 antagonized the GC induced rapid decrease in NHE1 ion transport activity, but not the increase cp-ERM. This suggests that RU486 in T cells exerts its antagonistic effects at NHE1 containing plasma membrane sites and not where cp-ERM links lipid rafts to cortical cytoskeletons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen Jea Chien
- Institute and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan, ROC; Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Ching-Hui Hsu
- Division of Allergy-Immunology-Rheumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Vincent Han-Jhih Chang
- Institute and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Enoch Pin-Yi Lin
- Institute and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Trista Pin-Tsun Kuo
- Institute and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chau-Heng Chien
- Institute and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsiao-Yi Lin
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan, ROC; Division of Allergy-Immunology-Rheumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan, ROC.
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16
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Jatczak-Pawlik I, Książek-Winiarek D, Wojkowska D, Jóźwiak K, Jastrzębski K, Pietruczuk M, Głąbiński A. The impact of multiple sclerosis relapse treatment on migration of effector T cells--Preliminary study. Neurol Neurochir Pol 2016; 50:155-62. [PMID: 27154441 DOI: 10.1016/j.pjnns.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Migration of inflammatory cells from the blood to the central nervous system (CNS) is crucial for development of multiple sclerosis (MS). Inhibition of this process would allow to control disease activity. The first step confirming this approach would be the analysis of the impact of effective MS relapse therapy on migration of effector T cells. The aim of the study was to analyze the influence of methylprednisolone (MP) on the migratory activity of effector CD4+ T cells from MS patients. Moreover, to study the potential mechanism of this process we studied expression of chemokine receptors on migrating cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS Peripheral blood samples were obtained from relapsing-remitting MS (RR-MS) patients during relapse (n=23) and from control group (n=23). After isolation CD4+ T cells were incubated with various concentrations of MP. Then they were stimulated in chemotaxis assay with chemokines CCL3 or CXCL10 or were used to CCR1 and CXCR3 expression analysis. RESULTS CXCL10- and CCL3-stimulated migration of CD4+ T cells was significantly increased in MS. MP was able to reduce in vitro migration of effector T cells induced by CXCL10, but not by CCL3. Inhibition by MP was dose-dependent. Expression of analyzed chemokine receptors was unaltered after MP incubation. CONCLUSIONS MP reduced CD4+ T cells migration induced by CXCL10 without affecting CXCR3 expression. These observations demonstrate one of the potential mechanisms of MP action in MS, distinct from inducing cell apoptosis, and suggests the new targets for development of more effective MS treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dominika Książek-Winiarek
- Department of Propedeutics of Neurology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland; Department of Neurology and Stroke, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Dagmara Wojkowska
- Department of Propedeutics of Neurology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland; Department of Neurology and Stroke, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Jóźwiak
- Department of Propedeutics of Neurology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland; Department of Neurology and Stroke, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Karol Jastrzębski
- Department of Neurology and Stroke, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Andrzej Głąbiński
- Department of Propedeutics of Neurology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland; Department of Neurology and Stroke, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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17
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Jiang CL, Liu L, Li Z, Buttgereit F. The novel strategy of glucocorticoid drug development via targeting nongenomic mechanisms. Steroids 2015; 102:27-31. [PMID: 26122209 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2015.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely used in clinical practice as potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agents. Unfortunately, they can also produce numerous and potentially serious side effects that limit their usage. This problem represents the driving force for the intensive search for novel GCs with a better benefit-risk ratio compared to conventional GCs. GCs are believed to take effects mainly through classical genomic mechanisms, which are also largely responsible for GCs' side effects. However, in addition to these genomic effects, GCs also demonstrate rapid genomic-independent activities. It has become increasingly evident that some of the anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, anti-allergic and anti-shock effects of GCs could be mediated through nongenomic mechanisms. Thus, theoretically, trying to use nongenomic mechanisms of GCs more intensively may represent a novel strategy for development of GCs with low side effect profile. The new GCs' drugs will take clinical effects mainly via nongenomic mechanisms and do not execute the classical genomic mechanism to reduce side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Lei Jiang
- Laboratory of Stress Medicine, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, 200433 Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Lei Liu
- Laboratory of Stress Medicine, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, 200433 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhen Li
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Road, 201203 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Frank Buttgereit
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Hospital, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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18
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Schneider N, Gonçalves FDC, Pinto FO, Lopez PLDC, Araújo AB, Pfaffenseller B, Passos EP, Cirne-Lima EO, Meurer L, Lamers ML, Paz AH. Dexamethasone and azathioprine promote cytoskeletal changes and affect mesenchymal stem cell migratory behavior. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120538. [PMID: 25756665 PMCID: PMC4355407 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive drugs are commonly used to treat inflammatory disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and despite a few improvements, the remission of IBD is still difficult to maintain. Due to their immunomodulatory properties, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as regulators of the immune response, and their viability and activation of their migratory properties are essential for successful cell therapy. However, little is known about the effects of immunosuppressant drugs used in IBD treatment on MSC behavior. The aim of this study was to evaluate MSC viability, nuclear morphometry, cell polarity, F-actin and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) distribution, and cell migratory properties in the presence of the immunosuppressive drugs azathioprine (AZA) and dexamethasone (DEX). After an initial characterization, MSCs were treated with DEX (10 μM) or AZA (1 μM) for 24 hrs or 7 days. Neither drug had an effect on cell viability or nuclear morphometry. However, AZA treatment induced a more elongated cell shape, while DEX was associated with a more rounded cell shape (P < 0.05) with a higher presence of ventral actin stress fibers (P < 0.05) and a decrease in protrusion stability. After 7 days of treatment, AZA improved the cell spatial trajectory (ST) and increased the migration speed (24.35%, P < 0.05, n = 4), while DEX impaired ST and migration speed after 24 hrs and 7 days of treatment (-28.69% and -25.37%, respectively; P < 0.05, n = 4). In conclusion, our data suggest that these immunosuppressive drugs each affect MSC morphology and migratory capacity differently, possibly impacting the success of cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Schneider
- Embryology and Cell Differentiation Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos 2350, CEP 90035-903, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Gastroenterology and Hepatology Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos 2400, CEP 90035-903, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabiany da Costa Gonçalves
- Embryology and Cell Differentiation Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos 2350, CEP 90035-903, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Gastroenterology and Hepatology Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos 2400, CEP 90035-903, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Otesbelgue Pinto
- Embryology and Cell Differentiation Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos 2350, CEP 90035-903, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Luciana da Costa Lopez
- Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos 2350, CEP 90035-903, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Anelise Bergmann Araújo
- Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos 2350, CEP 90035-903, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bianca Pfaffenseller
- Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos 2350, CEP 90035-903, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Pandolfi Passos
- Embryology and Cell Differentiation Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos 2350, CEP 90035-903, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Obino Cirne-Lima
- Embryology and Cell Differentiation Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos 2350, CEP 90035-903, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luíse Meurer
- Graduate Program in Gastroenterology and Hepatology Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos 2400, CEP 90035-903, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Lazzaron Lamers
- Morphological Sciences Department, Health Basic Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite 500, CEP 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Helena Paz
- Embryology and Cell Differentiation Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos 2350, CEP 90035-903, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Gastroenterology and Hepatology Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos 2400, CEP 90035-903, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Morphological Sciences Department, Health Basic Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite 500, CEP 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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19
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Fischer HJ, Schweingruber N, Lühder F, Reichardt HM. The potential role of T cell migration and chemotaxis as targets of glucocorticoids in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 380:99-107. [PMID: 23578583 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 03/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are the most commonly prescribed drugs for the treatment of acute disease bouts in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. While T lymphocytes were shown to be essential targets of GC therapy, at least in animal models of MS, the mechanisms by which GCs modulate T cell function are less clear. Until now, apoptosis induction and repression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in T cells have been considered the most critical mechanisms in ameliorating disease symptoms. However, this notion is being challenged by increasing evidence that the control of T cell migration and chemotaxis by GCs might be even more important for the treatment of neuroinflammatory diseases. In this review we aim to provide an overview of how GCs impact the morphological alterations that T cells undergo during activation and migration as well as the influences that GCs have on the directed movement of T cells under the influence of chemokines. A deeper understanding of these processes should not only help to advance our understanding of how GCs exert their beneficial effects in MS therapy but may reveal future strategies to intervene in the pathogenesis of neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrike J Fischer
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University of Göttingen Medical School, Humboldtallee 34, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
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