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Okuma K, Oku T, Sasaki C, Kitagori K, Mimori T, Aramori I, Hirayama Y, Yoshifuji H. Similarity and difference between systemic lupus erythematosus and NZB/W F1 mice by multi-omics analysis. Mod Rheumatol 2024; 34:359-368. [PMID: 36869711 DOI: 10.1093/mr/road024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Several animal disease models have been used to understand the mechanisms of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); however, the translation of findings from animals to humans has not been sufficiently examined in drug development. To confirm the validity of New Zealand black x New Zealand white (NZB/W) F1 mice as an SLE model, we extensively characterized SLE patients and NZB/W F1 mice by omics analysis. METHODS Peripheral blood from patients and mice and spleen and lymph node tissue from mice were analysed using cell subset analysis, cytokine panel assays, and transcriptome analysis. RESULTS CD4+ effector memory T cells, plasmablasts, and plasma cells were increased in both SLE patients and NZB/W F1 mice. Levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon gamma induced protein-10, and B cell activating factor in plasma were significantly higher in SLE patients and NZB/W F1 mice than in their corresponding controls. Transcriptome analysis revealed an upregulation of genes involved in the interferon signalling pathway and T-cell exhaustion signalling pathway in both SLE patients and the mouse model. In contrast, death receptor signalling genes showed changes in the opposite direction between patients and mice. CONCLUSION NZB/W F1 mice are a generally suitable model of SLE for analysing the pathophysiology and treatment response of T/B cells and monocytes/macrophages and their secreted cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Okuma
- Center for Innovation in Immunoregulation Technology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takuma Oku
- Center for Innovation in Immunoregulation Technology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Chiyomi Sasaki
- Center for Innovation in Immunoregulation Technology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Koji Kitagori
- Center for Innovation in Immunoregulation Technology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tsuneyo Mimori
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Takeda General Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ichiro Aramori
- Center for Innovation in Immunoregulation Technology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hirayama
- Center for Innovation in Immunoregulation Technology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hajime Yoshifuji
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Schäfer AL, Ruiz-Aparicio PF, Kraemer AN, Chevalier N. Crosstalk in the diseased plasma cell niche - the force of inflammation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1120398. [PMID: 36895566 PMCID: PMC9989665 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1120398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lena Schäfer
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Paola Fernanda Ruiz-Aparicio
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Antoine N Kraemer
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nina Chevalier
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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3
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Rangel-Moreno J, Garcia-Hernandez MDLL, Owen T, Barnard J, Becerril-Villanueva E, Kashyap T, Argueta C, Gamboa-Dominguez A, Tamir S, Landesman Y, Goldman BI, Ritchlin CT, Anolik JH. Small molecule inhibitors of nuclear export ameliorate lupus by modulating plasma cell generation and survival. Arthritis Rheumatol 2022; 74:1363-1375. [PMID: 35333447 PMCID: PMC9339462 DOI: 10.1002/art.42128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the hypothesis that selective inhibitors of nuclear export (SINE), recently approved for the treatment of refractory plasma cell (PC) malignancy, may have potential in the treatment of lupus. METHODS NZB/NZW female mice were treated with SINE or vehicle control. Tissue was harvested and analyzed by flow cytometry using standard markers. Nephritis was monitored by evaluation for proteinuria and by histologic analysis of kidneys. Serum anti- double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and total IgG and dsDNA antibody-secreting cells (ASC) by enzyme-linked immunospot assay. RESULTS SINE abrogated murine lupus nephritis at both early and late stages of the disease and rapidly impaired generation of autoreactive PC in germinal centers (GC). SINE inhibited the production of the NF-κB-driven homeostatic chemokines by stromal cells, altering splenic B and T cell strategic positioning and significantly reducing T follicular helper cells (TFH), GC B cells, and autoreactive PC. SINE also decreased cytokines/chemokines involved in PC survival and recruitment in the kidney of lupus-prone mice. Exportin 1, the SINE target, was detected in GC of human tonsils, splenic B cells of lupus patients, and multiple B cell subsets in the kidney of patients with lupus nephritis. CONCLUSION Our collective results support the therapeutic potential of SINE via targeting several molecular and cellular pathways critical in lupus pathogenesis, including autoantibody production by plasma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Rangel-Moreno
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642
| | - Maria de la Luz Garcia-Hernandez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642
| | - Teresa Owen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642
| | - Jennifer Barnard
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642
| | - Enrique Becerril-Villanueva
- Departamento de Psicoinmunología, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente", Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Armando Gamboa-Dominguez
- Departamento de Patologia, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Sharon Tamir
- Karyopharm Therapeutics, Newton, Massachusetts, 02459
| | | | - Bruce I Goldman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642
| | - Christopher T Ritchlin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642
| | - Jennifer H Anolik
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642
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4
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Köppert S, Wolf C, Becza N, Sautto GA, Franke F, Kuerten S, Ross TM, Lehmann PV, Kirchenbaum GA. Affinity Tag Coating Enables Reliable Detection of Antigen-Specific B Cells in Immunospot Assays. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081843. [PMID: 34440612 PMCID: PMC8394687 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Assessment of humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and other infectious agents is typically restricted to detecting antigen-specific antibodies in the serum. Rarely does immune monitoring entail assessment of the memory B-cell compartment itself, although it is these cells that engage in secondary antibody responses capable of mediating immune protection when pre-existing antibodies fail to prevent re-infection. There are few techniques that are capable of detecting rare antigen-specific B cells while also providing information regarding their relative abundance, class/subclass usage and functional affinity. In theory, the ELISPOT/FluoroSpot (collectively ImmunoSpot) assay platform is ideally suited for antigen-specific B-cell assessments since it provides this information at single-cell resolution for individual antibody-secreting cells (ASC). Here, we tested the hypothesis that antigen-coating efficiency could be universally improved across a diverse set of viral antigens if the standard direct (non-specific, low affinity) antigen absorption to the membrane was substituted by high-affinity capture. Specifically, we report an enhancement in assay sensitivity and a reduction in required protein concentrations through the capture of recombinant proteins via their encoded hexahistidine (6XHis) affinity tag. Affinity tag antigen coating enabled detection of SARS-CoV-2 Spike receptor binding domain (RBD)-reactive ASC, and also significantly improved assay performance using additional control antigens. Collectively, establishment of a universal antigen-coating approach streamlines characterization of the memory B-cell compartment after SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 vaccinations, and facilitates high-throughput immune-monitoring efforts of large donor cohorts in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Köppert
- Research & Development Department, Cellular Technology Limited, Shaker Heights, OH 44122, USA; (S.K.); (C.W.); (N.B.); (F.F.); (P.V.L.)
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Carla Wolf
- Research & Development Department, Cellular Technology Limited, Shaker Heights, OH 44122, USA; (S.K.); (C.W.); (N.B.); (F.F.); (P.V.L.)
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Noémi Becza
- Research & Development Department, Cellular Technology Limited, Shaker Heights, OH 44122, USA; (S.K.); (C.W.); (N.B.); (F.F.); (P.V.L.)
| | - Giuseppe A. Sautto
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (G.A.S.); (T.M.R.)
| | - Fridolin Franke
- Research & Development Department, Cellular Technology Limited, Shaker Heights, OH 44122, USA; (S.K.); (C.W.); (N.B.); (F.F.); (P.V.L.)
| | - Stefanie Kuerten
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ted M. Ross
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (G.A.S.); (T.M.R.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Paul V. Lehmann
- Research & Development Department, Cellular Technology Limited, Shaker Heights, OH 44122, USA; (S.K.); (C.W.); (N.B.); (F.F.); (P.V.L.)
| | - Greg A. Kirchenbaum
- Research & Development Department, Cellular Technology Limited, Shaker Heights, OH 44122, USA; (S.K.); (C.W.); (N.B.); (F.F.); (P.V.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(216)-791-5084
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5
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Song A, Jiang A, Xiong W, Zhang C. The Role of CXCL12 in Kidney Diseases: A Friend or Foe? KIDNEY DISEASES 2021; 7:176-185. [PMID: 34179113 DOI: 10.1159/000514913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Chemokines are a family of proteins mainly mediating the homing and migration of various cells. The CXC chemokine CXCL12 is a member of low-weight-molecular chemokines. In the kidney, CXCL12 is pivotal for renal development and exerts a modulatory effect in kidney diseases under different etiologic settings by binding with CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) or CXC chemokine receptor 7 (CXCR7). Besides, CXCL12 also exerts homeostasis influence in diverse physical conditions and various pathological situations. Thus, we conclude the complicated relationship between CXCL12 and kidney diseases in this review. Summary In renal development, CXCL12 contributes a lot to nephrogenesis and the formation of renal vasculature via correlating with CXCR4. CXCL12 also plays an essential role in renal recovery from acute kidney injury. However, the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis plays a dual regulatory role in the initiation and development of diabetic kidney disease as well as chronic allogeneic nephropathy after kidney transplantation through dialectical consideration. Additionally, the CXCL12/CXCR4 link is considered as a new risk factor for lupus nephritis and renal cell carcinoma. Key Messages Plenty of studies have presented the influence of CXCL12 and the relation with corresponding receptors in diverse biological and pathological statuses. Simultaneously, some drugs and antagonists targeting CXCL12/CXCR4 axis effectively treat various kidney diseases. However, more researches are needed to explore thorough influence and mechanisms, providing more cues for clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anni Song
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Anni Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Kulik L, Laskowski J, Renner B, Woolaver R, Zhang L, Lyubchenko T, You Z, Thurman JM, Holers VM. Targeting the Immune Complex-Bound Complement C3d Ligand as a Novel Therapy for Lupus. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2019; 203:3136-3147. [PMID: 31732528 PMCID: PMC6900485 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Humoral autoimmunity is central to the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Complement receptor type 2 (CR2)/CD21 plays a key role in the development of high-affinity Abs and long-lasting memory to foreign Ags. When CR2 is bound by its primary C3 activation fragment-derived ligand, designated C3d, it coassociates with CD19 on B cells to amplify BCR signaling. C3d and CR2 also mediate immune complex binding to follicular dendritic cells. As the development of SLE involves subversion of normal B cell tolerance checkpoints, one might expect that CR2 ligation by C3d-bound immune complexes would promote development of SLE. However, prior studies in murine models of SLE using gene-targeted Cr2-/- mice, which lack both CR2 and complement receptor 1 (CR1), have demonstrated contradictory results. As a new approach, we developed a highly specific mouse anti-mouse C3d mAb that blocks its interaction with CR2. With this novel tool, we show that disruption of the critical C3d-CR2 ligand-receptor binding step alone substantially ameliorates autoimmunity and renal disease in the MRL/lpr model of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liudmila Kulik
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045;
| | - Jennifer Laskowski
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045; and
| | - Brandon Renner
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045; and
| | - Rachel Woolaver
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045; and
| | - Lian Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Taras Lyubchenko
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Zhiying You
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045; and
| | - Joshua M Thurman
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045; and
| | - V Michael Holers
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
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Anitua E, Piñas L, Alkhraisat MH. Histopathological features of oral lichen planus and its response to corticosteroid therapy: A retrospective study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e18321. [PMID: 31860983 PMCID: PMC6940162 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000018321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral lichen planus (OLP) exhibits variations in severity and response to corticosteroid therapy. This study aims to assess the histopathological features of OLP at the time of diagnosis and their relationship in response to corticosteroid therapy.In this retrospective study, OLP patients were selected if a histopathological report was available. Data were collected regarding patients' demographics and medical history. Clinical and histological data were also obtained. The outcomes were histopathological findings, clinical form of OLP, number of exacerbations per year, and the response to corticosteroid therapy.In this study, 100 OLP patients were enrolled. Basal layer hydropic degeneration and band-like subepithelial lymphocytes infiltrate were observed in all patients. Plasma cells, identified in 62% of OLP patients, were significantly associated with fewer disease exacerbations and better response to corticosteroid treatment.Identifying histopathological features that may affect the clinical course would be clinically helpful in tailoring patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Anitua
- University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology - UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua)
- BTI Biotechnology Institute, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Laura Piñas
- University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology - UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua)
| | - Mohammad H. Alkhraisat
- University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology - UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua)
- BTI Biotechnology Institute, Vitoria, Spain
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8
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Barnas JL, Looney RJ, Anolik JH. B cell targeted therapies in autoimmune disease. Curr Opin Immunol 2019; 61:92-99. [PMID: 31733607 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW FDA-approved B cell-targeted therapy has expanded to a multitude of autoimmune diseases ranging from organ specific diseases, like pemphigus and multiple sclerosis, to systemic diseases such as ANCA-associated vasculitis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In this review, we discuss the variability in response to B cell-targeted therapies with a focus on the diversity of human B cells and plasma cells, and will discuss several of the promising new B cell-targeted therapies. RECENT FINDING The pathogenic roles for B cells include autoantibody-dependent and autoantibody-independent functions whose importance may vary across diseases or even in subsets of patients with the same disease. Recent data have further demonstrated the diversity of human B cell subsets that contribute to disease as well as novel pathways of B cell activation in autoimmune disease. The importance of eliminating autoreactive B cells and plasma cells will be discussed, as well as new approaches to do so. SUMMARY The past several years has witnessed significant advances in our knowledge of human B cell subsets and function. This has created a nuanced picture of the diverse ways B cells contribute to autoimmunity and an ever-expanding armamentarium of B cell-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Barnas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| | - Richard John Looney
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| | - Jennifer H Anolik
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642, United States.
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von Borstel A, Land J, Abdulahad WH, Rutgers A, Stegeman CA, Diepstra A, Heeringa P, Sanders JS. CD27 +CD38 hi B Cell Frequency During Remission Predicts Relapsing Disease in Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis Patients. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2221. [PMID: 31608054 PMCID: PMC6769172 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) patients are prone to disease relapses. We aimed to determine whether GPA patients at risk for relapse can be identified by differences in B cell subset frequencies. Methods: Eighty-five GPA patients were monitored for a median period of 3.1 years (range: 0.1-6.3). Circulating B cell subset frequencies were analyzed by flow cytometry determining the expression of CD19, CD38, and CD27. B cell subset frequencies at the time of inclusion of future-relapsing (F-R) and non-relapsing (N-R) patients were compared and related to relapse-free survival. Additionally, CD27+CD38hi B cells were assessed in urine and kidney biopsies from active anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody-associated vasculitides (AAV) patients with renal involvement. Results: Within 1.6 years, 30% of patients experienced a relapse. The CD27+CD38hi B cell frequency at the time of inclusion was increased in F-R (median: 2.39%) compared to N-R patients (median: 1.03%; p = 0.0025) and a trend was found compared with the HCs (median: 1.33%; p = 0.08). This increased CD27+CD38hi B cell frequency at inclusion was correlated to decreased relapse-free survival in GPA patients. In addition, 74.7% of patients with an increased CD27+CD38hi B cell frequency (≥2.39%) relapsed during follow-up compared to 19.7% of patients with a CD27+CD38hi B cell frequency of <2.39%. No correlations were found between CD27+CD38hi B cells and ANCA levels. CD27+CD38hi B cell frequencies were increased in urine compared to the circulation, and were also detected in kidney biopsies, which may indicate CD27+CD38hi B cell migration during active disease. Conclusions: Our data suggests that having an increased frequency of circulating CD27+CD38hi B cells during remission is related to a higher relapse risk in GPA patients, and therefore might be a potential marker to identify those GPA patients at risk for relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk von Borstel
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Judith Land
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Wayel H Abdulahad
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Abraham Rutgers
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Coen A Stegeman
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Arjan Diepstra
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Peter Heeringa
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jan Stephan Sanders
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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10
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Khodadadi L, Cheng Q, Radbruch A, Hiepe F. The Maintenance of Memory Plasma Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:721. [PMID: 31024553 PMCID: PMC6464033 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now well accepted that plasma cells can become long-lived (memory) plasma cells and secrete antibodies for months, years or a lifetime. However, the mechanisms involved in this process of humoral memory, which is crucial for both protective immunity and autoimmunity, still are not fully understood. This article will address a number of open questions. For example: Is longevity of plasma cells due to their intrinsic competence, extrinsic factors, or a combination of both? Which internal signals are involved in this process? What factors provide external support? What survival factors play a part in inflammation and autoreactive disease? Internal and external factors that contribute to the maintenance of memory long-lived plasma cells will be discussed. The aim is to provide useful additional information about the maintenance of protective and autoreactive memory plasma cells that will help researchers design effective vaccines for the induction of life-long protection against infectious diseases and to efficiently target pathogenic memory plasma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laleh Khodadadi
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin-A Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Charité Mitte, Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Rheumatologie und Klinische Immunologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Qingyu Cheng
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin-A Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Charité Mitte, Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Rheumatologie und Klinische Immunologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Radbruch
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin-A Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Falk Hiepe
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin-A Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Charité Mitte, Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Rheumatologie und Klinische Immunologie, Berlin, Germany
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11
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Pasoto SG, Adriano de Oliveira Martins V, Bonfa E. Sjögren's syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus: links and risks. Open Access Rheumatol 2019; 11:33-45. [PMID: 30774485 PMCID: PMC6357904 DOI: 10.2147/oarrr.s167783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) may coexist, and they are chronic complex disorders, with an autoimmune background, multifactorial etiology, multiple circulating autoantibodies, and variable prognosis. The prominent feature of SS is the impairment of the lacrimal and salivary glands leading to sicca symptoms. This disease may be classified as primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS), or secondary Sjögren’s syndrome (sSS) since it is often associated to other autoimmune disorders, principally SLE, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic sclerosis. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses show an sSS prevalence in SLE patients of about 14%–17.8%. Herein, we updated important aspects of the clinical association between SLE and sSS through a narrative review of the PubMed database in the last 5 years (from July 2013 to October 2018) with the terms “Sjogren syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus”. The following aspects are addressed: the classification criteria for sSS; differences and similarities between SLE and pSS regarding demographic, clinical, and serological characteristics (including new autoantibodies), as well as comorbidities; the etiopathogenic links between SLE and pSS (including genetic and environmental factors, B-cell activation, and autoantibodies); the predictive factors for sSS onset in SLE patients; the ocular and oral involvements due to sSS in SLE; and the main distinctive demographic, clinical, and serological features of SLE with and without associated SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Gofinet Pasoto
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil, .,Laboratory Division, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (HCFMUSP), Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil,
| | | | - Eloisa Bonfa
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil,
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12
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Identification of a new subset of lymph node stromal cells involved in regulating plasma cell homeostasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E6826-E6835. [PMID: 29967180 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1712628115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-secreting plasma cells (PCs) arise rapidly during adaptive immunity to control infections. The early PCs are retained within the reactive lymphoid organ where their localization and homeostasis rely on extrinsic factors, presumably produced by local niche cells. While myeloid cells have been proposed to form those niches, the contribution by colocalizing stromal cells has remained unclear. Here, we characterized a subset of fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) that forms a dense meshwork throughout medullary cords of lymph nodes (LNs) where PCs reside. This medullary FRC type is shown to be anatomically, phenotypically, and functionally distinct from T zone FRCs, both in mice and humans. By using static and dynamic imaging approaches, we provide evidence that medullary FRCs are the main cell type in contact with PCs guiding them in their migration. Medullary FRCs also represent a major local source of the PC survival factors IL-6, BAFF, and CXCL12, besides also producing APRIL. In vitro, medullary FRCs alone or in combination with macrophages promote PC survival while other LN cell types do not have this property. Thus, we propose that this FRC subset, together with medullary macrophages, forms PC survival niches within the LN medulla, and thereby helps in promoting the rapid development of humoral immunity, which is critical in limiting early pathogen spread.
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13
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Kurosawa Y, Ozawa M, Kanda Y, Takeuchi A, Kawamura T, Narita I, Katakai T. Extensively re-organized systemic lymph nodes provide a feasible environment for self-reactivity in lupus-prone NZB × NZW F1 mice. Int Immunol 2017; 29:567-579. [PMID: 29202179 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxx066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphadenopathy is a frequently observed symptom in systemic lupus erythematosus, although the immunological role of lymph nodes (LNs) in systemic autoimmunity remains largely unknown. Here, we performed comprehensive and systematic analyses of LNs in lupus-prone NZB × NZW F1 (BWF1) mice, demonstrating extensive tissue re-organization of the systemic LNs with follicular expansion, hyper germinal center (GC) formation, atrophy of the paracortical T-cell area and expansion of the medulla in aged BWF1 mice bearing glomerulonephritis. The proportion of B cells was significantly increased in these reactive LNs but not in the spleen, and lymphocyte subsets involved in antibody production, i.e. GC B cells, follicular helper T cells and plasma cells, were elevated. Draining LNs of the affected organs, such as the renal and cervical nodes, showed enhanced tissue re-organization and accumulation of effector lymphocytes, suggesting the presence of a positive feedback loop of regional responses. LN cells isolated from disease-bearing animals produced anti-DNA antibody, indicating activation of autoreactive lymphocytes in situ. The substantial development of disease and LN alterations in mice that received a splenectomy at a young age points to the importance of other secondary lymphoid organs, most likely LNs, for the progression of autoimmune responses independent of the spleen. Taken together, our findings highlight the value of taking LN alterations and activities into consideration for understanding the pathogenesis of systemic autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Kurosawa
- Department of Immunology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.,Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Madoka Ozawa
- Department of Immunology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kanda
- Department of Immunology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Arata Takeuchi
- Department of Immunology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Kawamura
- Department of Immunology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.,Department of Immunology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Ichiei Narita
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tomoya Katakai
- Department of Immunology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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14
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Kim YY, Park KT, Jang SY, Lee KH, Byun JY, Suh KH, Lee YM, Kim YH, Hwang KW. HM71224, a selective Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor, attenuates the development of murine lupus. Arthritis Res Ther 2017; 19:211. [PMID: 28950886 PMCID: PMC5615432 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-017-1402-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is associated with B cell hyperactivity, and lupus nephritis (LN), in particular, is promoted by the production of autoantibodies and immune complex deposition. Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) plays critical roles in B cell receptor-related and Fc receptor-related signaling. We aimed to investigate the impact of therapeutic intervention with HM71224 (LY3337641), a selective BTK inhibitor, on the development of murine SLE-like disease features. Methods We examined the therapeutic effects of HM71224 on SLE-like disease features in MRL/lpr and NZB/W F1 mice. The disease-related skin lesion was macroscopically observed in MRL/lpr mice, and the impact on splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy was determined by the weight of the spleen and cervical lymph node. The renal function was evaluated by measuring blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, and urine protein, and the renal damage was assessed by histopathological grading. Survival rate was observed during the administration period. The impact of B cell inhibition was investigated in splenocytes from both mice using flow cytometry. Autoantibody was measured in serum by ELISA. Results HM71224 effectively suppressed splenic B220+GL7+, B220+CD138+, and B220+CD69+ B cell counts, and anti-dsDNA IgG and reduced splenomegaly and lymph node enlargement. The compound also prevented skin lesions caused by lupus development, ameliorated renal inflammation and damage with increased blood urea nitrogen and creatinine, and decreased proteinuria. Furthermore, HM71224 also decreased mortality from lupus development in both mouse models. Conclusion Our results indicate that inhibition of BTK by HM71224 effectively reduced B cell hyperactivity and significantly attenuated the development of SLE and LN in rodent SLE models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Yon Kim
- Host Defense Modulation Lab, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-Ro, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.,Hanmi Research Center, Hanmi Pharm. Co. Ltd, 550 Dongtangiheung-Ro, Hwaseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 18469, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Tae Park
- Hanmi Research Center, Hanmi Pharm. Co. Ltd, 550 Dongtangiheung-Ro, Hwaseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 18469, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Jang
- Hanmi Research Center, Hanmi Pharm. Co. Ltd, 550 Dongtangiheung-Ro, Hwaseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 18469, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Hang Lee
- Hanmi Research Center, Hanmi Pharm. Co. Ltd, 550 Dongtangiheung-Ro, Hwaseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 18469, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Yun Byun
- Hanmi Research Center, Hanmi Pharm. Co. Ltd, 550 Dongtangiheung-Ro, Hwaseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 18469, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwee Hyun Suh
- Hanmi Research Center, Hanmi Pharm. Co. Ltd, 550 Dongtangiheung-Ro, Hwaseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 18469, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Mi Lee
- Hanmi Research Center, Hanmi Pharm. Co. Ltd, 550 Dongtangiheung-Ro, Hwaseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 18469, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hoon Kim
- Hanmi Research Center, Hanmi Pharm. Co. Ltd, 550 Dongtangiheung-Ro, Hwaseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 18469, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kwang Woo Hwang
- Host Defense Modulation Lab, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-Ro, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Celhar T, Fairhurst AM. Modelling clinical systemic lupus erythematosus: similarities, differences and success stories. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2017; 56:i88-i99. [PMID: 28013204 PMCID: PMC5410990 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kew400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse models of SLE have been indispensable tools to study disease pathogenesis, to identify genetic susceptibility loci and targets for drug development, and for preclinical testing of novel therapeutics. Recent insights into immunological mechanisms of disease progression have boosted a revival in SLE drug development. Despite promising results in mouse studies, many novel drugs have failed to meet clinical end points. This is probably because of the complexity of the disease, which is driven by polygenic predisposition and diverse environmental factors, resulting in a heterogeneous clinical presentation. Each mouse model recapitulates limited aspects of lupus, especially in terms of the mechanism underlying disease progression. The main mouse models have been fairly successful for the evaluation of broad-acting immunosuppressants. However, the advent of targeted therapeutics calls for a selection of the most appropriate model(s) for testing and, ultimately, identification of patients who will be most likely to respond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teja Celhar
- Singapore Immunology Network, A*STAR, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Anna-Marie Fairhurst
- Singapore Immunology Network, A*STAR, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.,Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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16
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Lam T, Kulp DV, Wang R, Lou Z, Taylor J, Rivera CE, Yan H, Zhang Q, Wang Z, Zan H, Ivanov DN, Zhong G, Casali P, Xu Z. Small Molecule Inhibition of Rab7 Impairs B Cell Class Switching and Plasma Cell Survival To Dampen the Autoantibody Response in Murine Lupus. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:3792-3805. [PMID: 27742832 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
IgG autoantibodies mediate pathology in systemic lupus patients and lupus-prone mice. In this study, we showed that the class-switched IgG autoantibody response in MRL/Faslpr/lpr and C57/Sle1Sle2Sle2 mice was blocked by the CID 1067700 compound, which specifically targeted Ras-related in brain 7 (Rab7), an endosome-localized small GTPase that was upregulated in activated human and mouse lupus B cells, leading to prevention of disease development and extension of lifespan. These were associated with decreased IgG-expressing B cells and plasma cells, but unchanged numbers and functions of myeloid cells and T cells. The Rab7 inhibitor suppressed T cell-dependent and T cell-independent Ab responses, but it did not affect T cell-mediated clearance of Chlamydia infection, consistent with a B cell-specific role of Rab7. Indeed, B cells and plasma cells were inherently sensitive to Rab7 gene knockout or Rab7 activity inhibition in class switching and survival, respectively, whereas proliferation/survival of B cells and generation of plasma cells were not affected. Impairment of NF-κB activation upon Rab7 inhibition, together with the rescue of B cell class switching and plasma cell survival by enforced NF-κB activation, indicated that Rab7 mediates these processes by promoting NF-κB activation, likely through signal transduction on intracellular membrane structures. Thus, a single Rab7-inhibiting small molecule can target two stages of B cell differentiation to dampen the pathogenic autoantibody response in lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonika Lam
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229; and
| | - Dennis V Kulp
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229; and
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229; and
| | - Zheng Lou
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229; and
| | - Julia Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229; and
| | - Carlos E Rivera
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229; and
| | - Hui Yan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229; and
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229; and
| | - Zhonghua Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Hong Zan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229; and
| | - Dmitri N Ivanov
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Guangming Zhong
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229; and
| | - Paolo Casali
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229; and
| | - Zhenming Xu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229; and
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17
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New insights into B cell biology in systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjögren's syndrome. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2016; 27:461-7. [PMID: 26164595 DOI: 10.1097/bor.0000000000000201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Our understanding of the physiological and pathogenic functions of B cells in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) continues to expand. In this review, we discuss novel insights published in the last 18 months into the roles of B cells in systemic autoimmunity. RECENT FINDINGS Data have continued to expand regarding the diverse mechanisms by which innate immune signals including Toll-like receptors (TLRs) regulate the B cell compartment. Localized B cells and long-lived plasma cells have been identified as playing an important role in target tissue including the development of ectopic lymphoid structures in kidney and salivary gland. In addition to pathogenic roles for B cells, there is mounting evidence for regulatory B cell subsets that play a protective role and new insights into the signals that regulate their development. SUMMARY The past few years have provided insights into the multiple paths by which innate immune signals can lead to B cell activation in SLE and pSS and the increasingly diverse ways in which B cells contribute to disease expression. Further understanding the imbalance between protective and pathogenic functions for B cells in disease including in understudied target tissue should yield new treatment approaches.
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18
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Matsuki-Muramoto Y, Nozawa K, Uomori K, Sekigawa I, Takasaki Y. Bortezomib treatment prevents glomerulosclerosis associated with lupus nephritis in a murine model through suppressive effects on the immune and renin-angiotensin systems. Mod Rheumatol 2016; 27:77-86. [PMID: 27166507 DOI: 10.3109/14397595.2016.1170957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To clarify the mechanisms underlying lupus nephritis (LN) amelioration following bortezomib treatment. METHODS Bortezomib was administered subcutaneously every 3 days to NZB/W F1 mice, and the serum anti-double stranded (ds) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) antibody titers and proteinuria levels were measured. The renal samples and the splenocytes were examined histologically or used for real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis after 18 weeks of treatment. Serum cytokine and anti-dsDNA antibody levels were measured using flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunoassays every 3 weeks. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, angiotensin II type-1 receptor (AT1R), and type I collagen expression levels in the glomeruli were evaluated using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Bortezomib reduced the serum anti-dsDNA antibody titers and the proteinuria levels. It prevented inflammatory cell infiltrations into and the deposition of immunoglobulin G within the glomeruli. Bortezomib reduced the interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-10 levels in the serum and the ribonucleic acid expression levels for these cytokines within the splenocytes. Bortezomib prevented type I collagen synthesis by downregulating TGF-β and AT1R expression in the glomeruli. CONCLUSIONS Bortezomib exerts multiple immunosuppressive effects and thus ameliorates LN. Furthermore, bortezomib can prevent glomerulosclerosis formation in NZB/W F1 mice through suppressive effects on the renin-angiotensin system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Matsuki-Muramoto
- a Department of Rheumatology , Juntendo University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Nozawa
- a Department of Rheumatology , Juntendo University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Kaori Uomori
- a Department of Rheumatology , Juntendo University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Iwao Sekigawa
- b Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology , Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital , Chiba , Japan , and.,c Institute for Environment and Gender Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine , Chiba , Japan
| | - Yoshinari Takasaki
- a Department of Rheumatology , Juntendo University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
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19
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Chen D, Ireland SJ, Davis LS, Kong X, Stowe AM, Wang Y, White WI, Herbst R, Monson NL. Autoreactive CD19+CD20- Plasma Cells Contribute to Disease Severity of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:1541-9. [PMID: 26764035 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The contribution of autoantibody-producing plasma cells in multiple sclerosis (MS) remains unclear. Anti-CD20 B cell depletion effectively reduces disease activity in MS patients, but it has a minimal effect on circulating autoantibodies and oligoclonal bands in the cerebrospinal fluid. Recently we reported that MEDI551, an anti-CD19 mAb, therapeutically ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the mouse model of MS. MEDI551 potently inhibits pathogenic adaptive immune responses, including depleting autoantibody-producing plasma cells. In the present study, we demonstrated that CD19 mAb treatment ameliorates EAE more effectively than does CD20 mAb. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-specific Abs and short-lived and long-lived autoantibody-secreting cells were nearly undetectable in the CD19 mAb-treated mice, but they remained detectable in the CD20 mAb-treated mice. Interestingly, residual disease severity in the CD20 mAb-treated animals positively correlated with the frequency of treatment-resistant plasma cells in the bone marrow. Of note, treatment-resistant plasma cells contained a substantial proportion of CD19(+)CD20(-) plasma cells, which would have otherwise been targeted by CD19 mAb. These data suggested that CD19(+)CD20(-) plasma cells spared by anti-CD20 therapy likely contribute to residual EAE severity by producing autoreactive Abs. In patients with MS, we also identified a population of CD19(+)CD20(-) B cells in the cerebrospinal fluid that would be resistant to CD20 mAb treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Chen
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX 75390
| | - Sara J Ireland
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX 75390
| | - Laurie S Davis
- Rheumatic Diseases Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Xiangmei Kong
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX 75390
| | - Ann M Stowe
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX 75390
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Research, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD 20878
| | - Wendy I White
- Translational Science Department, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD 20878; and
| | - Ronald Herbst
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Research, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD 20878
| | - Nancy L Monson
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX 75390; Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX 75390
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20
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Bortezomib Plus Continuous B Cell Depletion Results in Sustained Plasma Cell Depletion and Amelioration of Lupus Nephritis in NZB/W F1 Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135081. [PMID: 26252021 PMCID: PMC4529137 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-lived plasma cells (LLPCs) are an unmet therapeutic challenge, and developing strategies for their targeting is an emerging goal of autoantibody-mediated diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It was previously shown that plasma cells can be depleted by agents such as bortezomib (Bz) or by blocking LFA-1 and VLA-4 integrins. However, they regenerate quickly after depletion due to B cell hyperactivity in autoimmune conditions. Therefore, we compared different therapies for the elimination of LLPCs combined with selective B-cell targeting in order to identify the most effective treatment to eliminate LLPCs and prevent their regeneration in lupus-prone NZB/W F1 mice.
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21
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Renal involvement is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus. In this review, we provide an update on recent discoveries in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of lupus nephritis. RECENT FINDINGS Localized long-lived plasma cells have been identified as playing an important role in lupus nephritis. In addition, the roles of aberrant expression of microRNAs and proinflammatory cytokines have been explored. Early diagnosis is important for effective treatment and multiple biomarkers have been identified; however, none has been yet validated for clinical use. Biomarker panels may turn out to be more accurate than each individual component. Biologic agents for the treatment of lupus nephritis are being studied, including belimumab which was recently approved for nonrenal systemic lupus erythematosus. Rituximab has not proven itself in large, placebo-controlled trials, although it is still being used in refractory cases of lupus nephritis. SUMMARY Lupus nephritis is a potentially devastating complication of systemic lupus erythematosus. Immune cells, cytokines, and epigenetic factors have all been recently implicated in lupus nephritis pathogenesis. These recent discoveries may enable a paradigm shift in the treatment of this complex disease, allowing the tailoring of treatment to target specific pathogenic mediators at specific points in time in the progression of disease. VIDEO ABSTRACT
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22
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Pathogenesis of renal disease in systemic lupus erythematosus--the role of autoantibodies and lymphocytes subset abnormalities. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:7917-31. [PMID: 25860947 PMCID: PMC4425058 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16047917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lupus nephritis (LN) is a common and severe organ manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and is associated with significant patient morbidity and mortality. Autoantibodies and aberrations in lymphocyte subsets have putative roles in the pathogenesis of SLE and LN, and might reflect disease activity and are amenable to immunosuppressive treatments. Anti-DNA is one of the well-studied autoantibodies, which correlates with disease activity and has direct nephritogenic effects on resident renal cells and various glomerular components. Other important autoantibodies in the pathogenesis of LN include anti-C1q, anti-α-actinin and anti-nucleosome antibodies. Changes in naive and memory B cells and plasma cells have been observed in SLE and LN patients. These B cell subsets exert diverse effects during pathogenesis of LN such as production of autoantibodies, secretion of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and presentation of auto-antigens to effector cells. Aberration of T lymphocytes, especially the T-helper subsets, is also highly pertinent in the development of LN. In this context, important T helper subsets include Th1, Th2, Th9, Th17, TReg and follicular T-helper cells. The growing knowledge on these autoantibodies and lymphocyte subset abnormalities will enhance our understanding of SLE and LN, and hence help devise better strategies for disease monitoring and treatment.
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23
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Taddeo A, Khodadadi L, Voigt C, Mumtaz IM, Cheng Q, Moser K, Alexander T, Manz RA, Radbruch A, Hiepe F, Hoyer BF. Long-lived plasma cells are early and constantly generated in New Zealand Black/New Zealand White F1 mice and their therapeutic depletion requires a combined targeting of autoreactive plasma cells and their precursors. Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 17:39. [PMID: 25889236 PMCID: PMC4411657 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0551-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Autoantibodies contribute significantly to the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Unfortunately, the long-lived plasma cells (LLPCs) secreting such autoantibodies are refractory to conventional immunosuppressive treatments. Although generated long before the disease becomes clinically apparent, it remains rather unclear whether LLPC generation continues in the established disease. Here, we analyzed the generation of LLPCs, including autoreactive LLPCs, in SLE-prone New Zealand Black/New Zealand White F1 (NZB/W F1) mice over their lifetime, and their regeneration after depletion. Methods Bromodeoxyuridine pulse-chase experiments in mice of different ages were performed in order to analyze the generation of LLPCs during the development of SLE. LLPCs were enumerated by flow cytometry and autoreactive anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) plasma cells by enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT). For analyzing the regeneration of LLPCs after depletion, mice were treated with bortezomib alone or in combination with cyclophosphamide and plasma cells were enumerated 12 hours, 3, 7, 11 and 15 days after the end of the bortezomib cycle. Results Autoreactive LLPCs are established in the spleen and bone marrow of SLE-prone mice very early in ontogeny, before week 4 and before the onset of symptoms. The generation of LLPCs then continues throughout life. LLPC counts in the spleen plateau by week 10, but continue to increase in the bone marrow and inflamed kidney. When LLPCs are depleted by the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib, their numbers regenerate within two weeks. Persistent depletion of LLPCs was achieved only by combining a cycle of bortezomib with maintenance therapy, for example cyclophosphamide, depleting the precursors of LLPCs or preventing their differentiation into LLPCs. Conclusions In SLE-prone NZB/W F1 mice, autoreactive LLPCs are generated throughout life. Their sustained therapeutic elimination requires both the depletion of LLPCs and the inhibition of their regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Taddeo
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Hospital Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany. .,German Rheumatism Research Centre, a Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Laleh Khodadadi
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Hospital Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany. .,German Rheumatism Research Centre, a Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Caroline Voigt
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Hospital Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Imtiaz M Mumtaz
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Hospital Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany. .,German Rheumatism Research Centre, a Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Qingyu Cheng
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Hospital Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Katrin Moser
- German Rheumatism Research Centre, a Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Tobias Alexander
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Hospital Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany. .,German Rheumatism Research Centre, a Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Rudolf A Manz
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Luebeck, Germany.
| | - Andreas Radbruch
- German Rheumatism Research Centre, a Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Falk Hiepe
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Hospital Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany. .,German Rheumatism Research Centre, a Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Bimba F Hoyer
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Hospital Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany. .,German Rheumatism Research Centre, a Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
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Chen D, Blazek M, Ireland S, Ortega S, Kong X, Meeuwissen A, Stowe A, Carter L, Wang Y, Herbst R, Monson NL. Single dose of glycoengineered anti-CD19 antibody (MEDI551) disrupts experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by inhibiting pathogenic adaptive immune responses in the bone marrow and spinal cord while preserving peripheral regulatory mechanisms. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:4823-32. [PMID: 25281717 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Plasma cells and the autoreactive Abs they produce are suspected to contribute to the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis, but recent attempts to target these components of humoral immunity have failed. MEDI551, an anti-CD19 Ab that depletes mature B cells including plasma cells may offer a compelling alternative that reduces pathogenic adaptive immune responses while sparing regulatory mechanisms. Indeed, our data demonstrate that a single dose of MEDI551, given before or during ongoing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, disrupts development of the disease. Leukocyte infiltration into the spinal cord is significantly reduced, as well as short-lived and long-lived autoreactive CD138(+) plasma cells in the spleen and bone marrow, respectively. In addition, potentially protective CD1d(hi)CD5(+) regulatory B cells show resistance to depletion, and myelin-specific Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells are expanded. Taken together, these results demonstrate that MEDI551 disrupts experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by inhibiting multiple proinflammatory components whereas preserving regulatory populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Chen
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Monica Blazek
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Sara Ireland
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Sterling Ortega
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Xiangmei Kong
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Anouk Meeuwissen
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Ann Stowe
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Laura Carter
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Research, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD 20878; and
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Research, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD 20878; and
| | - Ronald Herbst
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Research, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD 20878; and
| | - Nancy L Monson
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390; Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
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