1
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Jiang Y, Chen X, Ye X, Wen C, Xu T, Yu C, Ning W, Wang G, Xiang X, Liu X, Wang Y, Chen Y, Liu X, Shi C, Liu C, Yuan Q, Chen Y, Zhang T, Luo W, Xia N. A Dual-domain Engineered Antibody for Efficient HBV Suppression and Immune Responses Restoration. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305316. [PMID: 38342604 PMCID: PMC11022716 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) remains a major public health concern because of the inefficiency of currently approved therapies in clearing the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Antibody-based regimens have demonstrated potency regarding virus neutralization and HBsAg clearance. However, high dosages or frequent dosing are required for virologic control. In this study, a dual-domain-engineered anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) therapeutic antibody 73-DY is developed that exhibits significantly improved efficacy regarding both serum and intrahepatic viral clearance. In HBV-tolerant mice, administration of a single dose of 73-DY at 2 mg kg-1 is sufficient to reduce serum HBsAg by over 3 log10 IU mL-1 and suppress HBsAg to < 100 IU mL-1 for two weeks, demonstrating a dose-lowering advantage of at least tenfold. Furthermore, 10 mg kg-1 of 73-DY sustainably suppressed serum viral levels to undetectable levels for ≈ 2 weeks. Molecular analyses indicate that the improved efficacy exhibited by 73-DY is attributable to the synergy between fragment antigen binding (Fab) and fragment crystallizable (Fc) engineering, which conferred sustained viral suppression and robust viral eradication, respectively. Long-term immunotherapy with reverse chimeric 73-DY facilitated the restoration of anti-HBV immune responses. This study provides a foundation for the development of next-generation antibody-based CHB therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious DiseasesXiang An Biomedicine LaboratorySchool of Public HealthSchool of Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361102P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious DiseasesXiang An Biomedicine LaboratorySchool of Public HealthSchool of Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361102P.R. China
| | - Xinya Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious DiseasesXiang An Biomedicine LaboratorySchool of Public HealthSchool of Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361102P.R. China
| | - Can Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious DiseasesXiang An Biomedicine LaboratorySchool of Public HealthSchool of Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361102P.R. China
| | - Tao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious DiseasesXiang An Biomedicine LaboratorySchool of Public HealthSchool of Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361102P.R. China
| | - Chao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious DiseasesXiang An Biomedicine LaboratorySchool of Public HealthSchool of Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361102P.R. China
| | - Wenjing Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious DiseasesXiang An Biomedicine LaboratorySchool of Public HealthSchool of Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361102P.R. China
| | - Guosong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious DiseasesXiang An Biomedicine LaboratorySchool of Public HealthSchool of Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361102P.R. China
| | - Xinchu Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious DiseasesXiang An Biomedicine LaboratorySchool of Public HealthSchool of Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361102P.R. China
| | - Xiaomin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular DiagnosticsNational Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious DiseasesNational Innovation Platform for Industry‐Education Integration in Vaccine ResearchSchool of Public HealthSchool of Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361102P.R. China
| | - Yalin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious DiseasesXiang An Biomedicine LaboratorySchool of Public HealthSchool of Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361102P.R. China
| | - Yuanzhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious DiseasesXiang An Biomedicine LaboratorySchool of Public HealthSchool of Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361102P.R. China
| | - Xue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious DiseasesXiang An Biomedicine LaboratorySchool of Public HealthSchool of Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361102P.R. China
| | - Changrong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular DiagnosticsNational Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious DiseasesNational Innovation Platform for Industry‐Education Integration in Vaccine ResearchSchool of Public HealthSchool of Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361102P.R. China
| | - Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular DiagnosticsNational Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious DiseasesNational Innovation Platform for Industry‐Education Integration in Vaccine ResearchSchool of Public HealthSchool of Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361102P.R. China
| | - Quan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious DiseasesXiang An Biomedicine LaboratorySchool of Public HealthSchool of Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361102P.R. China
- The Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361102P.R. China
| | - Yixin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious DiseasesXiang An Biomedicine LaboratorySchool of Public HealthSchool of Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361102P.R. China
- The Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361102P.R. China
| | - Tianying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious DiseasesXiang An Biomedicine LaboratorySchool of Public HealthSchool of Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361102P.R. China
- The Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361102P.R. China
| | - Wenxin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious DiseasesXiang An Biomedicine LaboratorySchool of Public HealthSchool of Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361102P.R. China
- The Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361102P.R. China
| | - Ningshao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious DiseasesXiang An Biomedicine LaboratorySchool of Public HealthSchool of Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361102P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious DiseasesCenter for Molecular Imaging and Translational MedicineXiang An Biomedicine LaboratorySchool of Public HealthXiamen UniversityXiamen361102P.R. China
- The Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361102P.R. China
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2
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Wells JA, Kumru K. Extracellular targeted protein degradation: an emerging modality for drug discovery. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2024; 23:126-140. [PMID: 38062152 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-023-00833-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Targeted protein degradation (TPD) has emerged in the past decade as a major new drug modality to remove intracellular proteins with bispecific small molecules that recruit the protein of interest (POI) to an E3 ligase for degradation in the proteasome. Unlike classic occupancy-based drugs, intracellular TPD (iTPD) eliminates the target and works catalytically, and so can be more effective and sustained, with lower dose requirements. Recently, this approach has been expanded to the extracellular proteome, including both secreted and membrane proteins. Extracellular targeted protein degradation (eTPD) uses bispecific antibodies, conjugates or small molecules to degrade extracellular POIs by trafficking them to the lysosome for degradation. Here, we focus on recent advances in eTPD, covering degrader systems, targets, molecular designs and parameters to advance them. Now almost any protein, intracellular or extracellular, is addressable in principle with TPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Wells
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Kaan Kumru
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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3
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Rhee K, Zhou X. Two in one: the emerging concept of bifunctional antibodies. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2024; 85:103050. [PMID: 38142645 PMCID: PMC10922881 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2023.103050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic antibodies have become indispensable for treating a wide range of diseases, and their significance in drug discovery has expanded considerably over the past few decades. Bifunctional antibodies are now emerging as a promising new drug modality to address previously unmet needs in antibody therapeutics. Distinct from traditional antibodies that operate through an 'occupancy-based' inhibition mechanism, these innovative molecules recruit the protein of interest to a 'biological effector,' initiating specific downstream consequences such as targeted protein degradation or posttranslational modifications. In this review, we emphasize the potential of bifunctional antibodies to tackle diverse biomedical challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin Rhee
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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4
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Damelang T, Brinkhaus M, van Osch TLJ, Schuurman J, Labrijn AF, Rispens T, Vidarsson G. Impact of structural modifications of IgG antibodies on effector functions. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1304365. [PMID: 38259472 PMCID: PMC10800522 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1304365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies are a critical component of the adaptive immune system, binding to and neutralizing pathogens and other foreign substances. Recent advances in molecular antibody biology and structural protein engineering enabled the modification of IgG antibodies to enhance their therapeutic potential. This review summarizes recent progress in both natural and engineered structural modifications of IgG antibodies, including allotypic variation, glycosylation, Fc engineering, and Fc gamma receptor binding optimization. We discuss the functional consequences of these modifications to highlight their potential for therapeutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timon Damelang
- Sanquin Research, Department of Experimental Immunohematology and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Sanquin Research, Department of Immunopathology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Antibody Research & Technologies’, Genmab, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Maximilian Brinkhaus
- Sanquin Research, Department of Experimental Immunohematology and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Thijs L. J. van Osch
- Sanquin Research, Department of Experimental Immunohematology and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Janine Schuurman
- Department of Antibody Research & Technologies’, Genmab, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Aran F. Labrijn
- Department of Antibody Research & Technologies’, Genmab, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Theo Rispens
- Sanquin Research, Department of Immunopathology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Sanquin Research, Department of Experimental Immunohematology and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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5
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Koga H, Kuroi H, Hirano R, Hirayama H, Nabuchi Y, Kuramochi T. Rapid Generation of Murine Bispecific Antibodies Using FAST-Ig TM for Preclinical Screening of HER2/CD3 T-Cell Engagers. Antibodies (Basel) 2024; 13:3. [PMID: 38247567 PMCID: PMC10801562 DOI: 10.3390/antib13010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) can bind to two different antigens, enabling therapeutic concepts that cannot be achieved with monoclonal antibodies. Immuno-competent mice are essential for validating drug discovery concepts, necessitating the development of surrogate mouse BsAbs. In this study, we explored the potential of FAST-IgTM, a previously reported BsAb technology, for mouse BsAb production. We investigated charge-based orthogonal Fab mutations to facilitate the correct assembly of heavy and light chains of mouse antibodies and employed knobs-into-holes mutations to facilitate the heterodimerization of heavy chains. We combined five anti-CD3 and two anti-HER2 antibodies in mouse IgG1 and IgG2a subclasses. These 20 BsAbs were analyzed using mass spectrometry or ion exchange chromatography to calculate the percentages of BsAbs with correct chain pairing (BsAb yields). Using FAST-Ig, 19 out of the 20 BsAbs demonstrated BsAb yields of 90% or higher after simple protein A purification from transiently expressed antibodies in Expi293F cells. Importantly, the mouse BsAbs maintained their fundamental physicochemical properties and affinity against each antigen. A Jurkat NFAT-luciferase reporter cell assay demonstrated the combined effects of epitope, affinity, and subclasses. Our findings highlight the potential of FAST-Ig technology for efficiently generating mouse BsAbs for preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Koga
- Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yokohama 244-8602, Japan
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6
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Ma Z, Mao C, Chen X, Yang S, Qiu Z, Yu B, Jia Y, Wu C, Wang Y, Wang Y, Gu R, Yu F, Yin Y, Wang X, Xu Q, Liu C, Liao Y, Zheng J, Fu Y, Kong W. Peptide Vaccine Against ADAMTS-7 Ameliorates Atherosclerosis and Postinjury Neointima Hyperplasia. Circulation 2023; 147:728-742. [PMID: 36562301 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.122.061516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The metalloprotease ADAMTS-7 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 7) is a novel locus associated with human coronary atherosclerosis. ADAMTS-7 deletion protects against atherosclerosis and vascular restenosis in rodents. METHODS We designed 3 potential vaccines consisting of distinct B cell epitopic peptides derived from ADAMTS-7 and conjugated with the carrier protein KLH (keyhole limpet hemocyanin) as well as aluminum hydroxide as an adjuvant. Arterial ligation or wire injury was used to induce neointima in mice, whereas ApoE-/- and LDLR-/- (LDLR [low-density lipoprotein receptor]) mice fed a high-fat diet were applied to assess atherosclerosis. In addition, coronary stent implantation was performed on vaccine-immunized Bama miniature pigs, followed by optical coherence tomography to evaluate coronary intimal hyperplasia. RESULTS A vaccine, ATS7vac, was screened out from 3 candidates to effectively inhibit intimal thickening in murine carotid artery ligation models after vaccination. As well, immunization with ATS7vac alleviated neointima formation in murine wire injury models and mitigated atherosclerotic lesions in both hyperlipidemic ApoE-/- and LDLR-/- mice without lowering lipid levels. Preclinically, ATS7vac markedly impeded intimal hyperplasia in swine stented coronary arteries, but without significant immune-related organ injuries. Mechanistically, ATS7vac vaccination produced specific antibodies against ADAMTS-7, which markedly repressed ADAMTS-7-mediated COMP (cartilage oligomeric matrix protein) and TSP-1 (thrombospondin-1) degradation and subsequently inhibited vascular smooth muscle cell migration but promoted re-endothelialization. CONCLUSIONS ATS7vac is a novel atherosclerosis vaccine that also alleviates in-stent restenosis. The application of ATS7vac would be a complementary therapeutic avenue to the current lipid-lowering strategy for atherosclerotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Ma
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (Z.M., C.M., S.Y., Y.J., R.G., F.Y., X.W., Y.F., W.K.), Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science (Z.M., C.M., S.Y., Y.J., R.G., F.Y., X.W., Y.F., W.K.), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Chenfeng Mao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (Z.M., C.M., S.Y., Y.J., R.G., F.Y., X.W., Y.F., W.K.), Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science (Z.M., C.M., S.Y., Y.J., R.G., F.Y., X.W., Y.F., W.K.), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China (C.M.)
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (X.C., Z.Q., Yiyi Wang, Y.L.).,Key Laboratory of Molecular Biological Targeted Therapies, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China (X.C., Z.Q., Yiyi Wang, Y.L.)
| | - Shiyu Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (Z.M., C.M., S.Y., Y.J., R.G., F.Y., X.W., Y.F., W.K.), Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science (Z.M., C.M., S.Y., Y.J., R.G., F.Y., X.W., Y.F., W.K.), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihua Qiu
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (X.C., Z.Q., Yiyi Wang, Y.L.).,Key Laboratory of Molecular Biological Targeted Therapies, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China (X.C., Z.Q., Yiyi Wang, Y.L.)
| | - Baoqi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases (B.Y.), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (B.Y.)
| | - Yiting Jia
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (Z.M., C.M., S.Y., Y.J., R.G., F.Y., X.W., Y.F., W.K.), Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science (Z.M., C.M., S.Y., Y.J., R.G., F.Y., X.W., Y.F., W.K.), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China (C.W., J.Z.)
| | - Yiyi Wang
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (X.C., Z.Q., Yiyi Wang, Y.L.).,Key Laboratory of Molecular Biological Targeted Therapies, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China (X.C., Z.Q., Yiyi Wang, Y.L.)
| | - Yuhui Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education (Yuhui Wang), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Gu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (Z.M., C.M., S.Y., Y.J., R.G., F.Y., X.W., Y.F., W.K.), Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science (Z.M., C.M., S.Y., Y.J., R.G., F.Y., X.W., Y.F., W.K.), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (Z.M., C.M., S.Y., Y.J., R.G., F.Y., X.W., Y.F., W.K.), Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science (Z.M., C.M., S.Y., Y.J., R.G., F.Y., X.W., Y.F., W.K.), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhui Yin
- Department of Immunology (Y.Y.), Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology of Ministry of Health (Y.Y.), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xian Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (Z.M., C.M., S.Y., Y.J., R.G., F.Y., X.W., Y.F., W.K.), Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science (Z.M., C.M., S.Y., Y.J., R.G., F.Y., X.W., Y.F., W.K.), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Qingbo Xu
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, United Kingdom (Q.X.).,Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (Q.X.)
| | - Chuanju Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY (C.L.)
| | - Yuhua Liao
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (X.C., Z.Q., Yiyi Wang, Y.L.).,Key Laboratory of Molecular Biological Targeted Therapies, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China (X.C., Z.Q., Yiyi Wang, Y.L.)
| | - Jingang Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China (C.W., J.Z.)
| | - Yi Fu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (Z.M., C.M., S.Y., Y.J., R.G., F.Y., X.W., Y.F., W.K.), Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science (Z.M., C.M., S.Y., Y.J., R.G., F.Y., X.W., Y.F., W.K.), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Kong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (Z.M., C.M., S.Y., Y.J., R.G., F.Y., X.W., Y.F., W.K.), Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science (Z.M., C.M., S.Y., Y.J., R.G., F.Y., X.W., Y.F., W.K.), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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7
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Bartsch YC, Cizmeci D, Kang J, Zohar T, Periasamy S, Mehta N, Tolboom J, Van der Fits L, Sadoff J, Comeaux C, Callendret B, Bukreyev A, Lauffenburger DA, Bastian AR, Alter G. Antibody effector functions are associated with protection from respiratory syncytial virus. Cell 2022; 185:4873-4886.e10. [PMID: 36513064 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is a major cause of severe lower respiratory tract infection and death in young infants and the elderly. With no effective prophylactic treatment available, current vaccine candidates aim to elicit neutralizing antibodies. However, binding and neutralization have poorly predicted protection in the past, and accumulating data across epidemiologic cohorts and animal models collectively point to a role for additional antibody Fc-effector functions. To begin to define the humoral correlates of immunity against RSV, here we profiled an adenovirus 26 RSV-preF vaccine-induced humoral immune response in a group of healthy adults that were ultimately challenged with RSV. Protection from infection was linked to opsonophagocytic functions, driven by IgA and differentially glycosylated RSV-specific IgG profiles, marking a functional humoral immune signature of protection against RSV. Furthermore, Fc-modified monoclonal antibodies able to selectively recruit effector functions demonstrated significant antiviral control in a murine model of RSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannic C Bartsch
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Deniz Cizmeci
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jaewon Kang
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Tomer Zohar
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Sivakumar Periasamy
- Department of Pathology, Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Nickita Mehta
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jeroen Tolboom
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention BV, 2333 Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jerry Sadoff
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention BV, 2333 Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Christy Comeaux
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention BV, 2333 Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Alexander Bukreyev
- Department of Pathology, Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Douglas A Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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8
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Oostindie SC, Lazar GA, Schuurman J, Parren PWHI. Avidity in antibody effector functions and biotherapeutic drug design. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2022; 21:715-735. [PMID: 35790857 PMCID: PMC9255845 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-022-00501-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies are the cardinal effector molecules of the immune system and are being leveraged with enormous success as biotherapeutic drugs. A key part of the adaptive immune response is the production of an epitope-diverse, polyclonal antibody mixture that is capable of neutralizing invading pathogens or disease-causing molecules through binding interference and by mediating humoral and cellular effector functions. Avidity - the accumulated binding strength derived from the affinities of multiple individual non-covalent interactions - is fundamental to virtually all aspects of antibody biology, including antibody-antigen binding, clonal selection and effector functions. The manipulation of antibody avidity has since emerged as an important design principle for enhancing or engineering novel properties in antibody biotherapeutics. In this Review, we describe the multiple levels of avidity interactions that trigger the overall efficacy and control of functional responses in both natural antibody biology and their therapeutic applications. Within this framework, we comprehensively review therapeutic antibody mechanisms of action, with particular emphasis on engineered optimizations and platforms. Overall, we describe how affinity and avidity tuning of engineered antibody formats are enabling a new wave of differentiated antibody drugs with tailored properties and novel functions, promising improved treatment options for a wide variety of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone C Oostindie
- Genmab, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Greg A Lazar
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Paul W H I Parren
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands. .,Sparring Bioconsult, Odijk, Netherlands. .,Lava Therapeutics, Utrecht, Netherlands.
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9
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Delidakis G, Kim JE, George K, Georgiou G. Improving Antibody Therapeutics by Manipulating the Fc Domain: Immunological and Structural Considerations. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2022; 24:249-274. [PMID: 35363537 PMCID: PMC9648538 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-082721-024500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between the crystallizable fragment (Fc) domain of antibodies and a plethora of cellular Fc receptors (FcRs) or soluble proteins form a critical link between humoral and innate immunity. In particular, the immunoglobulin G Fc domain is critical for the clearance of target cells by processes that include (a) cytotoxicity, phagocytosis, or complement lysis; (b) modulation of inflammation; (c) antigen presentation; (d) antibody-mediated receptor clustering; and (e) cytokine release. More than 30 Fc-engineered antibodies aimed primarily at tailoring these effects for optimal therapeutic outcomes are in clinical evaluation or have already been approved. Nonetheless, our understanding of how FcR engagement impacts various immune cell phenotypes is still largely incomplete. Recent insights into FcR biology coupled with advances in Fc:FcR structural analysis, Fc engineering, and mouse models that recapitulate human biology are helping to fill in existing knowledge gaps. These advances will provide a blueprint on how to fine-tune the Fc domain to achieve optimal therapeutic efficacy. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering, Volume 24 is June 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Delidakis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA;
| | - Jin Eyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Katia George
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - George Georgiou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA; .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA.,Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
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10
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Köllner SMS, Seifert L, Zahner G, Tomas NM. Strategies Towards Antigen-Specific Treatments for Membranous Nephropathy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:822508. [PMID: 35185913 PMCID: PMC8850405 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.822508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Membranous nephropathy (MN) is a rare but potentially severe autoimmune disease and a major cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults. Traditional treatments for patients with MN include steroids with alkylating agents such as cyclophosphamide or calcineurin inhibitors such as cyclosporine, which have an undesirable side effect profile. Newer therapies like rituximab, although superior to cyclosporine in maintaining disease remission, do not only affect pathogenic B or plasma cells, but also inhibit the production of protective antibodies and therefore the ability to fend off foreign organisms and to respond to vaccination. These are undesired effects of general B or plasma cell-targeted treatments. The discovery of several autoantigens in patients with MN offers the great opportunity for more specific treatment approaches. Indeed, such treatments were recently developed for other autoimmune diseases and tested in different preclinical models, and some are about to jump to clinical practice. As such treatments have enormous potential to enhance specificity, efficacy and compatibility also for MN, we will discuss two promising strategies in this perspective: The elimination of pathogenic antibodies through endogenous degradation systems and the depletion of pathogenic B cells through chimeric autoantibody receptor T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M S Köllner
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Larissa Seifert
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gunther Zahner
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicola M Tomas
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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11
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Hori Y, Ohmine K, Katada H, Noguchi Y, Sato K, Nambu T, Adeline LR, Wan GS, Haraya K, Ozeki K, Nanami M, Tachibana T, Sampei Z, Kuramochi T, Nezu J, Hattori K, Igawa T. Elimination of plasma soluble antigen in cynomolgus monkeys by combining pH-dependent antigen binding and novel Fc engineering. MAbs 2022; 14:2068213. [PMID: 35482905 PMCID: PMC9067469 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2022.2068213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A conventional antibody targeting a soluble antigen in circulation typically requires a huge dosage and frequent intravenous administration to neutralize the antigen. This is because antigen degradation is reduced by the formation of antigen–antibody immune complexes, which escape from lysosomal degradation using neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn)-mediated recycling. To address this, we developed an antigen-sweeping antibody that combines pH-dependent antigen binding and Fc engineering to enhance Fc receptor binding. The sweeping antibody actively eliminates the plasma antigens by increasing the cellular uptake of the immune complex and dissociating the antigens in the acidic endosome for degradation. Strong antigen sweeping can reduce the dosage, potentially achieve higher efficacy, and expand the scope of antigen space available for targeting by antibodies. In this study, to further improve the sweeping efficacy, we developed a novel antibody Fc variant by enhancing Fcγ receptor IIb (FcγRIIb) binding and modulating charge characteristics for increased cellular uptake of the immune complex, together with enhancing FcRn binding for efficient salvage of the antigen-free antibodies. Our Fc variant achieved strong antigen sweeping in cynomolgus monkeys with antibody pharmacokinetics comparable to a wild-type human IgG1 antibody. The positive-charge substitutions enhanced uptake of the immune complex by FcγRIIb-expressing cells in vitro, which was completely inhibited by an anti-FcγRIIb antibody. This suggests that the strong in vivo sweeping efficacy improved by the charge engineering is more likely achieved by FcγRIIb-dependent uptake of the immune complex rather than nonspecific uptake. We expect this novel Fc engineering can maximize the antigen sweeping efficacy even in humans and create novel therapeutic antibodies that meet unmet medical needs for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Hori
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Gotemba, Japan
| | - Ken Ohmine
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Gotemba, Japan
| | | | - Yuki Noguchi
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Gotemba, Japan
| | - Kazuki Sato
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Gotemba, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Kenta Haraya
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Gotemba, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Ozeki
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Gotemba, Japan
| | - Masahiko Nanami
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Gotemba, Japan
| | | | - Zenjiro Sampei
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Gotemba, Japan
| | - Taichi Kuramochi
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Gotemba, Japan
| | - Junichi Nezu
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Hattori
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Kamakura, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Igawa
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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A cell based assay for evaluating binding and uptake of an antibody using hepatic nonparenchymal cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8383. [PMID: 33863984 PMCID: PMC8052349 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87912-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Evaluation of the binding and uptake of an antibody in liver non-parenchymal cells (NPC), including liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, is important for revealing its pharmacokinetic (PK) behavior, since NPC has important roles in eliminating an antibody from the blood via the Fc fragment of IgG receptor IIB (FcγRIIB). However, there is currently no in vitro quantitative assay using NPC. This study reports on the development of a cell-based assay for evaluating the binding and uptake of such an antibody using liver NPC of mice and monkeys. In mice, the FcγRIIB-expressing cells were identified in the CD146-positive and CD45-negative fraction by flow cytometry. A titration assay was performed to determine the PK parameters, and the obtained parameter was comparable to that determined by the fitting of the in vivo PK. This approach was also extended to NPC from monkeys. The concentration-dependent binding and uptake was measured to determine the PK parameters using monkey NPC, the FcγRIIB-expressing fraction of which was identified by CD31 and CD45. The findings presented herein demonstrate that the in vitro liver NPC assay using flow cytometry is a useful tool to determine the binding and uptake of biologics and to predict the PK.
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13
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Muramatsu H, Kuramochi T, Katada H, Ueyama A, Ruike Y, Ohmine K, Shida-Kawazoe M, Miyano-Nishizawa R, Shimizu Y, Okuda M, Hori Y, Hayashi M, Haraya K, Ban N, Nonaka T, Honda M, Kitamura H, Hattori K, Kitazawa T, Igawa T, Kawabe Y, Nezu J. Novel myostatin-specific antibody enhances muscle strength in muscle disease models. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2160. [PMID: 33495503 PMCID: PMC7835227 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81669-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Myostatin, a member of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily, is an attractive target for muscle disease therapy because of its role as a negative regulator of muscle growth and strength. Here, we describe a novel antibody therapeutic approach that maximizes the potential of myostatin-targeted therapy. We generated an antibody, GYM329, that specifically binds the latent form of myostatin and inhibits its activation. Additionally, via "sweeping antibody technology", GYM329 reduces or "sweeps" myostatin in the muscle and plasma. Compared with conventional anti-myostatin agents, GYM329 and its surrogate antibody exhibit superior muscle strength-improvement effects in three different mouse disease models. We also demonstrate that the superior efficacy of GYM329 is due to its myostatin specificity and sweeping capability. Furthermore, we show that a GYM329 surrogate increases muscle mass in normal cynomolgus monkeys without any obvious toxicity. Our findings indicate the potential of GYM329 to improve muscle strength in patients with muscular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyasu Muramatsu
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, 103-8324, Japan
| | - Taichi Kuramochi
- Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd., 3 Biopolis Drive, #07-11 to 16, Synapse, Singapore, 138623, Singapore
| | - Hitoshi Katada
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, 103-8324, Japan
| | - Atsunori Ueyama
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, 103-8324, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Ruike
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, 103-8324, Japan
| | - Ken Ohmine
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, 103-8324, Japan
| | | | | | - Yuichiro Shimizu
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, 103-8324, Japan
| | - Momoko Okuda
- Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd., 3 Biopolis Drive, #07-11 to 16, Synapse, Singapore, 138623, Singapore
| | - Yuji Hori
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, 103-8324, Japan
| | - Madoka Hayashi
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, 103-8324, Japan
| | - Kenta Haraya
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, 103-8324, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Ban
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, 103-8324, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Nonaka
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, 103-8324, Japan
| | - Masaki Honda
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, 103-8324, Japan
| | - Hidetomo Kitamura
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, 103-8324, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Hattori
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, 103-8324, Japan
| | - Takehisa Kitazawa
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, 103-8324, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Igawa
- Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd., 3 Biopolis Drive, #07-11 to 16, Synapse, Singapore, 138623, Singapore
| | - Yoshiki Kawabe
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, 103-8324, Japan
| | - Junichi Nezu
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, 103-8324, Japan.
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14
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Klaus T, Deshmukh S. pH-responsive antibodies for therapeutic applications. J Biomed Sci 2021; 28:11. [PMID: 33482842 PMCID: PMC7821552 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-021-00709-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic antibodies are instrumental in improving the treatment outcome for certain disease conditions. However, to enhance their efficacy and specificity, many efforts are continuously made. One of the approaches that are increasingly explored in this field are pH-responsive antibodies capable of binding target antigens in a pH-dependent manner. We reviewed suitability and examples of these antibodies that are functionally modulated by the tumor microenvironment. Provided in this review is an update about antigens targeted by pH-responsive, sweeping, and recycling antibodies. Applicability of the pH-responsive antibodies in the engineering of chimeric antigen receptor T-cells (CAR-T) and in improving drug delivery to the brain by the enhanced crossing of the blood-brain barrier is also discussed. The pH-responsive antibodies possess strong treatment potential. They emerge as next-generation programmable engineered biologic drugs that are active only within the targeted biological space. Thus, they are valuable in targeting acidified tumor microenvironment because of improved spatial persistence and reduced on-target off-tumor toxicities. We predict that the programmable pH-dependent antibodies become powerful tools in therapies of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Klaus
- Research and Development Department, Pure Biologics, Inc., Dunska 11, 54427, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Sameer Deshmukh
- Research and Development Department, Pure Biologics, Inc., Dunska 11, 54427, Wrocław, Poland.
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15
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Do TM, Capdevila C, Pradier L, Blanchard V, Lopez-Grancha M, Schussler N, Steinmetz A, Beninga J, Boulay D, Dugay P, Verdier P, Aubin N, Dargazanli G, Chaves C, Genet E, Lossouarn Y, Loux C, Michoux F, Moindrot N, Chanut F, Gury T, Eyquem S, Valente D, Bergis O, Rao E, Lesuisse D. Tetravalent Bispecific Tandem Antibodies Improve Brain Exposure and Efficacy in an Amyloid Transgenic Mouse Model. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2020; 19:58-77. [PMID: 33005703 PMCID: PMC7502788 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Most antibodies display very low brain exposure due to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) preventing their entry into brain parenchyma. Transferrin receptor (TfR) has been used previously to ferry antibodies to the brain by using different formats of bispecific constructs. Tetravalent bispecific tandem immunoglobulin Gs (IgGs) (TBTIs) containing two paratopes for both TfR and protofibrillar forms of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide were constructed and shown to display higher brain penetration than the parent anti-Aβ antibody. Additional structure-based mutations on the TfR paratopes further increased brain exposure, with maximal enhancement up to 13-fold in wild-type mice and an additional 4–5-fold in transgenic (Tg) mice harboring amyloid plaques, the main target of our amyloid antibody. Parenchymal target engagement of extracellular amyloid plaques was demonstrated using in vivo and ex vivo fluorescence imaging as well as histological methods. The best candidates were selected for a chronic study in an amyloid precursor protein (APP) Tg mouse model showing efficacy at reducing brain amyloid load at a lower dose than the corresponding monospecific antibody. TBTIs represent a promising format for enhancing IgG brain penetration using a symmetrical construct and keeping bivalency of the payload antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan-Minh Do
- Rare and Neurologic Disease Research, Sanofi, Chilly Mazarin, France
| | | | - Laurent Pradier
- Rare and Neurologic Disease Research, Sanofi, Chilly Mazarin, France
| | | | | | | | - Anke Steinmetz
- Integrated Drug Discovery, Sanofi, Vitry-Sur-Seine, France
| | | | - Denis Boulay
- Translational In vivo Models, Sanofi, Chilly Mazarin, France
| | - Philippe Dugay
- Rare and Neurologic Disease Research, Sanofi, Chilly Mazarin, France
| | - Patrick Verdier
- Translational Medicine and Early Development, Sanofi, Alfortville, France
| | - Nadine Aubin
- Translational In vivo Models, Sanofi, Chilly Mazarin, France
| | | | - Catarina Chaves
- Rare and Neurologic Disease Research, Sanofi, Chilly Mazarin, France
| | - Elisabeth Genet
- Rare and Neurologic Disease Research, Sanofi, Chilly Mazarin, France
| | - Yves Lossouarn
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Sanofi, Alfortville, France
| | | | | | - Nicolas Moindrot
- Rare and Neurologic Disease Research, Sanofi, Chilly Mazarin, France
| | - Franck Chanut
- Pathology Department, Sanofi, Vitry-Sur-Seine, France
| | - Thierry Gury
- Pathology Department, Sanofi, Vitry-Sur-Seine, France
| | - Stéphanie Eyquem
- Rare and Neurologic Disease Research, Sanofi, Chilly Mazarin, France
| | - Delphine Valente
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Sanofi, Alfortville, France
| | - Olivier Bergis
- Translational In vivo Models, Sanofi, Chilly Mazarin, France
| | - Ercole Rao
- Biologics Research, Sanofi, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dominique Lesuisse
- Rare and Neurologic Disease Research, Sanofi, Chilly Mazarin, France
- Corresponding author:
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16
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Chenoweth AM, Wines BD, Anania JC, Mark Hogarth P. Harnessing the immune system via FcγR function in immune therapy: a pathway to next-gen mAbs. Immunol Cell Biol 2020; 98:287-304. [PMID: 32157732 PMCID: PMC7228307 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The human fragment crystallizable (Fc)γ receptor (R) interacts with antigen‐complexed immunoglobulin (Ig)G ligands to both activate and modulate a powerful network of inflammatory host‐protective effector functions that are key to the normal physiology of immune resistance to pathogens. More than 100 therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are approved or in late stage clinical trials, many of which harness the potent FcγR‐mediated effector systems to varying degrees. This is most evident for antibodies targeting cancer cells inducing antibody‐dependent killing or phagocytosis but is also true to some degree for the mAbs that neutralize or remove small macromolecules such as cytokines or other Igs. The use of mAb therapeutics has also revealed a “scaffolding” role for FcγR which, in different contexts, may either underpin the therapeutic mAb action such as immune agonism or trigger catastrophic adverse effects. The still unmet therapeutic need in many cancers, inflammatory diseases or emerging infections such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) requires increased effort on the development of improved and novel mAbs. A more mature appreciation of the immunobiology of individual FcγR function and the complexity of the relationships between FcγRs and antibodies is fueling efforts to develop more potent “next‐gen” therapeutic antibodies. Such development strategies now include focused glycan or protein engineering of the Fc to increase affinity and/or tailor specificity for selective engagement of individual activating FcγRs or the inhibitory FcγRIIb or alternatively, for the ablation of FcγR interaction altogether. This review touches on recent aspects of FcγR and IgG immunobiology and its relationship with the present and future actions of therapeutic mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia M Chenoweth
- Immune Therapies Laboratory, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College, London, UK
| | - Bruce D Wines
- Immune Therapies Laboratory, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Jessica C Anania
- Immune Therapies Laboratory, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - P Mark Hogarth
- Immune Therapies Laboratory, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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17
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Anania JC, Chenoweth AM, Wines BD, Hogarth PM. The Human FcγRII (CD32) Family of Leukocyte FcR in Health and Disease. Front Immunol 2019; 10:464. [PMID: 30941127 PMCID: PMC6433993 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
FcγRs have been the focus of extensive research due to their key role linking innate and humoral immunity and their implication in both inflammatory and infectious disease. Within the human FcγR family FcγRII (activatory FcγRIIa and FcγRIIc, and inhibitory FcγRIIb) are unique in their ability to signal independent of the common γ chain. Through improved understanding of the structure of these receptors and how this affects their function we may be able to better understand how to target FcγR specific immune activation or inhibition, which will facilitate in the development of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies in patients where FcγRII activity may be desirable for efficacy. This review is focused on roles of the human FcγRII family members and their link to immunoregulation in healthy individuals and infection, autoimmunity and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C Anania
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alicia M Chenoweth
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bruce D Wines
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - P Mark Hogarth
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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18
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Ishii-Watabe A, Kuwabara T. Biosimilarity assessment of biosimilar therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2019; 34:64-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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19
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Sampei Z, Haraya K, Tachibana T, Fukuzawa T, Shida-Kawazoe M, Gan SW, Shimizu Y, Ruike Y, Feng S, Kuramochi T, Muraoka M, Kitazawa T, Kawabe Y, Igawa T, Hattori K, Nezu J. Antibody engineering to generate SKY59, a long-acting anti-C5 recycling antibody. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209509. [PMID: 30592762 PMCID: PMC6310256 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Modulating the complement system is a promising strategy in drug discovery for disorders with uncontrolled complement activation. Although some of these disorders can be effectively treated with an antibody that inhibits complement C5, the high plasma concentration of C5 requires a huge dosage and frequent intravenous administration. Moreover, a conventional anti-C5 antibody can cause C5 to accumulate in plasma by reducing C5 clearance when C5 forms an immune complex (IC) with the antibody, which can be salvaged from endosomal vesicles by neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn)-mediated recycling. In order to neutralize the increased C5, an even higher dosage of the antibody would be required. This antigen accumulation can be suppressed by giving the antibody a pH-dependent C5-binding property so that C5 is released from the antibody in the acidic endosome and then trafficked to the lysosome for degradation, while the C5-free antibody returns back to plasma. We recently demonstrated that a pH-dependent C5-binding antibody, SKY59, exhibited long-lasting neutralization of C5 in cynomolgus monkeys, showing potential for subcutaneous delivery or less frequent administration. Here we report the details of the antibody engineering involved in generating SKY59, from humanizing a rabbit antibody to improving the C5-binding property. Moreover, because the pH-dependent C5-binding antibodies that we first generated still accumulated C5, we hypothesized that the surface charges of the ICs partially contributed to a slow uptake rate of the C5–antibody ICs. This idea motivated us to engineer the surface charges of the antibody. Our surface-charge engineered antibody consequently exhibited a high capacity to sweep C5 and suppressed the C5 accumulation in vivo by accelerating the cycle of sweeping: uptake of ICs into cells, release of C5 from the antibody in endosomes, and salvage of the antigen-free antibody. Thus, our engineered anti-C5 antibody, SKY59, is expected to provide significant benefits for patients with complement-mediated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenjiro Sampei
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Kenta Haraya
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Tachibana
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Taku Fukuzawa
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Meiri Shida-Kawazoe
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Siok Wan Gan
- Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd., Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Yoshinao Ruike
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shu Feng
- Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd., Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Masaru Muraoka
- Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd., Singapore, Singapore
| | - Takehisa Kitazawa
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kawabe
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Igawa
- Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd., Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kunihiro Hattori
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Junichi Nezu
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
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20
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Leipold D, Prabhu S. Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Considerations in the Design of Therapeutic Antibodies. Clin Transl Sci 2018; 12:130-139. [PMID: 30414357 PMCID: PMC6440574 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The design and development of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) through optimizing their pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) properties is crucial to improve efficacy while minimizing adverse events. Many of these properties are interdependent, which highlights the inherent challenges in therapeutic antibody design, where improving one antibody property can sometimes lead to changes in others. Here, we discuss optimization approaches for PK/PD properties of therapeutic mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Leipold
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Saileta Prabhu
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
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21
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Improvement of pharmacokinetic properties of therapeutic antibodies by antibody engineering. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2018; 34:25-41. [PMID: 30472066 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have become an important therapeutic option for several diseases. Since several mAbs have shown promising efficacy in clinic, the competition to develop mAbs has become severe. In efforts to gain a competitive advantage over other mAbs and provide significant benefits to patients, innovations in antibody engineering have aimed at improving the pharmacokinetic properties of mAbs. Because engineering can provide therapeutics that are more convenient, safer, and more efficacious for patients in several disease areas, it is an attractive approach to provide significant benefits to patients. Further advances in engineering mAbs to modulate their pharmacokinetics were driven by the increase of total soluble target antigen concentration that is often observed after injecting a mAb, which then requires a high dosage to antagonize. To decrease the required dosage, several antibody engineering techniques have been invented that reduce the total concentration of soluble target antigen. Here, we review the various ways that antibody engineering can improve the pharmacokinetic properties of mAbs.
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22
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Harris CL. Expanding horizons in complement drug discovery: challenges and emerging strategies. Semin Immunopathol 2017; 40:125-140. [PMID: 28986638 PMCID: PMC5794834 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-017-0655-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The complement system is best known for its role in innate immunity, providing a first line of defence against infection, maintaining tissue homeostasis by flagging apoptotic cells and debris for removal, and orchestrating crosstalk between adaptive and innate immunity. In a growing number of diseases, complement is known to drive pathogenesis or to contribute as an inflammatory amplifier of a disease trigger. Association of complement with common and devastating diseases has driven an upsurge in complement drug discovery, but despite a wealth of knowledge in the complexities of the cascade, and many decades of effort, very few drugs have progressed to late-stage clinical studies. The reasons for this are becoming clear with difficulties including high target concentration and turnover, lack of clarity around disease mechanism and unwanted side effects. Lessons learnt from drugs which are either approved, or are currently in late-stage development, or have failed and dropped off the drug development landscape, have been invaluable to drive a new generation of innovative drugs which are progressing through clinical development. In this review, the challenges associated with complement drug discovery are discussed and the current drug development landscape is reviewed. The latest approaches to improve drug characteristics are explored and those agents which employ these technologies to improve accessibility to patients are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire L Harris
- Complement Therapeutics Research Group and National Renal Complement Therapeutics Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, 3rd floor William Leech Building, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
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23
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Maeda A, Iwayanagi Y, Haraya K, Tachibana T, Nakamura G, Nambu T, Esaki K, Hattori K, Igawa T. Identification of human IgG1 variant with enhanced FcRn binding and without increased binding to rheumatoid factor autoantibody. MAbs 2017; 9:844-853. [PMID: 28387635 PMCID: PMC5524163 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2017.1314873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Various studies have demonstrated that Fc engineering to enhance neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) binding is effective for elongating half-life or increasing cellular uptake of IgG. A previous study has shown that a N434H mutation to enhance FcRn binding resulted in increased binding to rheumatoid factor (RF) autoantibody, which is not desirable for therapeutic use in autoimmune disease. In this study, we first showed that all the existing Fc variants with enhanced FcRn binding also show increased RF binding, and then identified specific mutations that could be introduced to those Fc variants to reduce the RF binding. Furthermore, we generated novel Fc variants that do not increase RF binding and show half-lives of 45 d in cynomolgus monkey, which is longer than those of previously reported Fc variants. In addition, we generated novel Fc variants with antigen sweeping activity that do not increase RF binding. We expect that these novel Fc variants will be useful as antibody therapeutics against autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuhiko Maeda
- a Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Pharmaceutical Technology Division, Ukima Research Labs. , Ukima, Kita-ku , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Yuki Iwayanagi
- b Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Research Division, Kamakura Research Labs , Kajiwara, Kamakura , Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Kenta Haraya
- c Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd. , Synapse , Singapore
| | - Tatsuhiko Tachibana
- b Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Research Division, Kamakura Research Labs , Kajiwara, Kamakura , Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Genki Nakamura
- d Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Research Division, Fuji Gotemba Research Labs , Komakado, Gotemba , Shizuoka , Japan
| | - Takeru Nambu
- d Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Research Division, Fuji Gotemba Research Labs , Komakado, Gotemba , Shizuoka , Japan
| | - Keiko Esaki
- d Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Research Division, Fuji Gotemba Research Labs , Komakado, Gotemba , Shizuoka , Japan
| | - Kunihiro Hattori
- b Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Research Division, Kamakura Research Labs , Kajiwara, Kamakura , Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Igawa
- d Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Research Division, Fuji Gotemba Research Labs , Komakado, Gotemba , Shizuoka , Japan
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24
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Ueda O, Wada NA, Kinoshita Y, Hino H, Kakefuda M, Ito T, Fujii E, Noguchi M, Sato K, Morita M, Tateishi H, Matsumoto K, Goto C, Kawase Y, Kato A, Hattori K, Nezu J, Ishiguro T, Jishage KI. Entire CD3ε, δ, and γ humanized mouse to evaluate human CD3-mediated therapeutics. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45839. [PMID: 28368009 PMCID: PMC5377452 DOI: 10.1038/srep45839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
T cell–mediated immunotherapy is an attractive strategy for treatment in various disease areas. In this therapeutic approach, the CD3 complex is one of the key molecules to modulate T cell functions; however, in many cases, we cannot evaluate the drug candidates in animal experiments because the therapeutics, usually monoclonal antibodies specific to human CD3, cannot react to mouse endogenous Cd3. Although immunodeficient mice transfused with human hematopoietic stem or precursor cells, known as humanized mice, are available for these studies, mice humanized in this manner are not completely immune competent. In this study we have succeeded in establishing a novel mouse strain in which all the three components of the Cd3 complex — Cd3ε, Cd3δ, and Cd3γ — are replaced by their human counterparts, CD3E, CD3D, and CD3G. Basic immunological assessments have confirmed that this strain of human CD3 EDG–replaced mice are entirely immune competent, and we have also demonstrated that a bispecific antibody that simultaneously binds to human CD3 and a tumor-associated antigen (e.g. ERBB2 or GPC3) can be evaluated in human CD3 EDG–replaced mice engrafted with tumors. Our mouse model provides a novel means to evaluate the in vivo efficacy of human CD3–mediated therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otoya Ueda
- Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Research Division, Fuji Gotemba Research Labs., 1-135, Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Naoko A Wada
- Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Research Division, Fuji Gotemba Research Labs., 1-135, Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuko Kinoshita
- Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Research Division, Kamakura Research Labs., 200, Kajiwara, Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hino
- Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Research Division, Fuji Gotemba Research Labs., 1-135, Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Mami Kakefuda
- Chugai Research Institute for Medical Science, Inc. 1-135, Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Ito
- Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Research Division, Fuji Gotemba Research Labs., 1-135, Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Etsuko Fujii
- Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Research Division, Fuji Gotemba Research Labs., 1-135, Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Mizuho Noguchi
- Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Research Division, Kamakura Research Labs., 200, Kajiwara, Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kiyoharu Sato
- Chugai Research Institute for Medical Science, Inc. 1-135, Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Morita
- Chugai Research Institute for Medical Science, Inc. 1-135, Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hiromi Tateishi
- Chugai Research Institute for Medical Science, Inc. 1-135, Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kaoru Matsumoto
- Chugai Research Institute for Medical Science, Inc. 1-135, Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Chisato Goto
- Chugai Research Institute for Medical Science, Inc. 1-135, Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kawase
- Chugai Research Institute for Medical Science, Inc. 1-135, Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Kato
- Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Research Division, Fuji Gotemba Research Labs., 1-135, Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Hattori
- Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Research Division, Kamakura Research Labs., 200, Kajiwara, Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Junichi Nezu
- Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd., 3 Biopolis Drive, #07 - 11 to 16, Synapse, 138623, Singapore
| | - Takahiro Ishiguro
- Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Translational Clinical Research Division, 1-1 Nihonbashi-Muromachi 2-Chome, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kou-Ichi Jishage
- Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Research Division, Fuji Gotemba Research Labs., 1-135, Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
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25
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Kasturirangan S, Rainey GJ, Xu L, Wang X, Portnoff A, Chen T, Fazenbaker C, Zhong H, Bee J, Zeng Z, Jenne C, Wu H, Gao C. Targeted Fcγ Receptor (FcγR)-mediated Clearance by a Biparatopic Bispecific Antibody. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:4361-4370. [PMID: 28100773 PMCID: PMC5354496 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.770628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Soluble ligands have commonly been targeted by antibody therapeutics for cancers and other diseases. Although monoclonal antibodies targeting such ligands can block their interactions with their cognate receptors, they can also significantly increase the half-life of their ligands by FcRn-mediated antibody recycling, thereby evading ligand renal clearance and requiring increasingly high antibody doses to neutralize the increasing pool of target. To overcome this issue, we generated a bispecific/biparatopic antibody (BiSAb) that targets two different epitopes on IL-6 to block IL-6-mediated signaling. The BiSAb formed large immune complexes with IL-6 that can bind Fcγ receptors on phagocytic cells and are rapidly internalized. In addition, rapid clearance of the BiSAb·IL-6 complex was observed in mice while the parental antibodies prolonged the serum half-life of IL-6. Intravital imaging of the liver in mice confirmed that the rapid clearance of these large immune complexes was associated with Fcγ receptor-dependent binding to Kupffer cells in the liver. The approach described here provides a general strategy for therapeutic antibodies with the ability to not only neutralize but also actively drive clearance of their soluble antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - G Jonah Rainey
- From the Departments of Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering
| | - Linda Xu
- From the Departments of Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering
| | - Xinwei Wang
- From the Departments of Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering
| | - Alyse Portnoff
- From the Departments of Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering
| | | | | | | | - Jared Bee
- Analytical Biotechnology, Medimmune LLC, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878 and
| | - Zhutian Zeng
- the Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Craig Jenne
- the Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Herren Wu
- From the Departments of Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering
| | - Changshou Gao
- From the Departments of Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering,
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26
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Schneider T, Hoffmann H, Dienemann H, Herpel E, Heussel CP, Enk AH, Ring S, Mahnke K. Immune Response After Radiofrequency Ablation and Surgical Resection in Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2016; 28:585-592. [PMID: 28043482 DOI: 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The objective includes radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of a cancerous nodule results in immunogenic cell death. Tumor antigens are presented and the inflammatory environment may help stimulate adaptive and innate antitumor immunity. The objective of this study was to investigate the immune response following RFA and subsequent surgical resection in early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In methods, a single-session approach of computed tomography-guided tumor biopsy with immediate frozen section (and proof of NSCLC) was performed followed by RFA of the tumor in 4 patients with a solitary pulmonary nodule. Blood samples were collected before RFA and 3 days thereafter. All patients underwent radical surgical resection by video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy 8 days following RFA. In results, intense infiltrations of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes were found along the perimeter of the RFA-treated tumor tissue, whereas the central tumor areas remained devoid of lymphocytes. In the peripheral blood, the frequency of proinflammatory, immunostimulatory IFNγ-secreting, and immunostimulatory BDCA-3+/B7-H3- dendritic cells increased after RFA. Furthermore, a significant increase in T-cell proliferation was detected in T-cell assays after RFA and tumor resection. In this article, a local and systemic immune response subsequent to RFA and complete surgical resection in patients with NSCLC was identified for the first time. Treatment of patients with NSCLC with RFA and surgery leads to an activated and highly T-cell-stimulatory phenotype of dendritic cells, which may promote long-term immunity against NSCLC. The data suggest that the RFA-induced necrotic tumor debris can serve as an in situ antigen source to induce an autologous antitumor immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schneider
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, St. Vincentius Kliniken, Karlsruhe, Germany; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Thoraxklinik, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans Hoffmann
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Thoraxklinik, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Hendrik Dienemann
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Thoraxklinik, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ester Herpel
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claus Peter Heussel
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology with Nuclear Medicine, Thoraxklinik, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander H Enk
- Department of Dermatology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Ring
- Department of Dermatology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karsten Mahnke
- Department of Dermatology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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27
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Igawa T, Haraya K, Hattori K. Sweeping antibody as a novel therapeutic antibody modality capable of eliminating soluble antigens from circulation. Immunol Rev 2016; 270:132-51. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Igawa
- Research Division; Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.; Shizuoka Japan
| | - Kenta Haraya
- Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd.; Synapse Singapore
| | - Kunihiro Hattori
- Research Division; Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.; Shizuoka Japan
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