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Cavagnero KJ, Li F, Dokoshi T, Nakatsuji T, O’Neill AM, Aguilera C, Liu E, Shia M, Osuoji O, Hata T, Gallo RL. CXCL12+ dermal fibroblasts promote neutrophil recruitment and host defense by recognition of IL-17. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20231425. [PMID: 38393304 PMCID: PMC10890925 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20231425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The skin provides an essential barrier for host defense through rapid action of multiple resident and recruited cell types, but the complex communication network governing these processes is incompletely understood. To define these cell-cell interactions more clearly, we performed an unbiased network analysis of mouse skin during invasive S. aureus infection and revealed a dominant role for CXCL12+ fibroblast subsets in neutrophil communication. These subsets predominantly reside in the reticular dermis, express adipocyte lineage markers, detect IL-17 and TNFα, and promote robust neutrophil recruitment through NFKBIZ-dependent release of CXCR2 ligands and CXCL12. Targeted deletion of Il17ra in mouse fibroblasts resulted in greatly reduced neutrophil recruitment and increased infection by S. aureus. Analogous human CXCL12+ fibroblast subsets abundantly express neutrophil chemotactic factors in psoriatic skin that are subsequently decreased upon therapeutic targeting of IL-17. These findings show that CXCL12+ dermal immune acting fibroblast subsets play a critical role in cutaneous neutrophil recruitment and host defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellen J. Cavagnero
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego. La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Fengwu Li
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego. La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tatsuya Dokoshi
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego. La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Teruaki Nakatsuji
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego. La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alan M. O’Neill
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego. La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Carlos Aguilera
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego. La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Edward Liu
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego. La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael Shia
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego. La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Olive Osuoji
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego. La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tissa Hata
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego. La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Richard L. Gallo
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego. La Jolla, CA, USA
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Lokken-Toyli KL, Diaz-Ochoa VE, Camacho L, Stull-Lane AR, Van Hecke AER, Mooney JP, Muñoz AD, Walker GT, Hampel D, Jiang X, Labuda JC, Depew CE, McSorley SJ, Stephensen CB, Tsolis RM. Vitamin A deficiency impairs neutrophil-mediated control of Salmonella via SLC11A1 in mice. Nat Microbiol 2024; 9:727-736. [PMID: 38374245 PMCID: PMC10914596 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-024-01613-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
In sub-Saharan Africa, multidrug-resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella serovars are a common cause of fatal bloodstream infection. Malnutrition is a predisposing factor, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Here we show that vitamin A deficiency, one of the most prevalent micronutrient deficits afflicting African children, increases susceptibility to disseminated non-typhoidal Salmonella disease in mice and impairs terminal neutrophil maturation. Immature neutrophils had reduced expression of Slc11a1, a gene that encodes a metal ion transporter generally thought to restrict pathogen growth in macrophages. Adoptive transfer of SLC11A1-proficient neutrophils, but not SLC11A1-deficient neutrophils, reduced systemic Salmonella burden in Slc11a1-/- mice or mice with vitamin A deficiency. Loss of terminal granulopoiesis regulator CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein ϵ (C/EBPϵ) also decreased neutrophil-mediated control of Salmonella, but not that mediated by peritoneal macrophages. Susceptibility to infection increased in Cebpe-/- Slc11a1+/+ mice compared with wild-type controls, in an Slc11a1-expression-dependent manner. These data suggest that SLC11A1 deficiency impairs Salmonella control in part by blunting neutrophil-mediated defence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen L Lokken-Toyli
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Vladimir E Diaz-Ochoa
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Lizbeth Camacho
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Annica R Stull-Lane
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Amber E R Van Hecke
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jason P Mooney
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ariel D Muñoz
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Gregory T Walker
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Daniela Hampel
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Xiaowen Jiang
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jasmine C Labuda
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Claire E Depew
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Stephen J McSorley
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Charles B Stephensen
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Renée M Tsolis
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
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Li L, Yang Y, Guo Z, Gao X, Liu L, Huang J, Sun B. Investigation of Allogeneic Neutrophil Transfusion in Improving Survival Rates of Severe Infection Mice. Cell Transplant 2024; 33:9636897241228031. [PMID: 38353224 PMCID: PMC10868470 DOI: 10.1177/09636897241228031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The management of granulocytopenia-associated infections is challenging, and a high mortality rate is associated with traditional supportive therapies. Neutrophils-the primary defenders of the human immune system-have potent bactericidal capabilities. Here, we investigated the dynamic in vivo distribution of neutrophil transfusion and their impact on the treatment outcome of severe granulocytopenic infections. We transfused 89Zr-labeled neutrophils in the C57BL/6 mice and observed the dynamic neutrophil distribution in mice for 24 h using the micro-positron emission tomography (Micro-PET) technique. The labeled neutrophils were predominantly retained in the lungs and spleen up to 4 h after injection and then redistributed to other organs, such as the spleen, liver, and bone marrow. Neutrophil transfusion did not elicit marked inflammatory responses or organ damage in healthy host mice. Notably, allogeneic neutrophils showed rapid chemotaxis to the infected area of the host within 1 h. Tail vein infusion of approximately 107 neutrophils substantially bolstered host immunity, ameliorated the inflammatory state, and increased survival rates in neutrophil-depleted and infected mice. Overall, massive allogeneic neutrophil transfusion had a therapeutic effect in severe infections and can have extensive applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linbin Li
- Research Center for Neutrophil Engineering Technology, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yunxi Yang
- Research Center for Neutrophil Engineering Technology, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zaiwen Guo
- Research Center for Neutrophil Engineering Technology, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xi Gao
- Research Center for Neutrophil Engineering Technology, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Research Center for Neutrophil Engineering Technology, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiamin Huang
- Research Center for Neutrophil Engineering Technology, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bingwei Sun
- Research Center for Neutrophil Engineering Technology, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
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Bronte V, Wang M, Overwijk WW, Surman DR, Pericle F, Rosenberg SA, Restifo NP. Apoptotic Death of CD8+ T Lymphocytes After Immunization: Induction of a Suppressive Population of Mac-1+/Gr-1+ Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1998. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.161.10.5313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Following an infection or immunization, a primary CD8+ T cell response generally rises then falls rapidly before giving rise to a “memory” response. When we immunized mice with recombinant viral immunogens optimized to enhance the lytic capability of CD8+ T cells, we measured a profound depression in Ag-specific effector function after early restimulation. Indeed, a “mirror image” cytolytic capability was observed: the most powerful immunogens, as measured by cytolytic capacity 6 days after immunization, elicited the weakest secondary immune response when evaluated following an additional 6 days after restimulation. To understand the mechanism of this suppression, we examined the fate of splenocytes immunized with a vaccinia virus encoding Ag and IL-2 then restimulated ex vivo. We found that these splenocytes underwent an apoptotic cell death, upon early restimulation, that was not dependent on the engagement of the FasR (CD95). Unlike previously described mechanisms of “propriocidal cell death” and “clonal exhaustion,” the cell death we observed was not an inherent property of the CD8+ T cells but rather was due to a population of splenocytes that stained positive for both the Mac-1 and Gr-1 surface markers. Deletion of these cells in vitro or in vivo completely abrogated the observed suppression of cytolytic reactivity of Ag-specific CD8+ T cells. These observations could account for the apparent absence of Ag-specific immune responses after some current vaccination regimens employing powerful immunogens. Finally, our results may shed new light on a mechanism for the suppression of CD8+ T cell responses and its effect on vaccine efficacy and on immune memory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Wang
- ‡Howard Hughes Medical Institute-National Institutes of Health Research Scholars Program, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | | | | | - Federica Pericle
- †Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
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Lee DM, Staats HF, Sundy JS, Patel DD, Sempowski GD, Scearce RM, Jones DM, Haynes BF. Immunologic Characterization of CD7-Deficient Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1998. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.160.12.5749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Human CD7 is an Ig superfamily molecule that is expressed on mature T and NK lymphocytes. Although in vitro studies have suggested a role for CD7 in lymphoid development and function, the exact function of CD7 in vivo has remained elusive. One patient has been reported with SCID syndrome attributed to CD7 deficiency. To study in vivo functions of CD7, we have generated CD7-deficient mice and assessed their lymphoid development and function. CD7-deficient mice were viable, had normal peripheral blood and spleen lymphocyte numbers, and had normal specific Ab responses with Ag-driven Ig isotype switching. Thymocyte numbers were normal in 4-wk-old, 6-mo-old, and 1-yr-old CD7-deficient mice, but in 3-mo-old CD7-deficient mice, total thymocyte numbers were significantly increased by 60% (p < 0.02) compared with normal age-matched +/+ littermates. CD7-deficient splenocytes proliferated normally in response to various mitogens, including PHA, anti-CD3, Con A, and LPS. While NK cell numbers and cytolytic activity to YAC targets were normal, CD7-deficient mice had lower Ag-induced MHC class I-restricted CTL activity against OVA-transfected target cells than did +/+ control mice. Thus, CD7-deficient mice did not have a SCID syndrome, but rather had transient increases in thymocyte numbers at age 3 mo and altered splenocyte Ag-specific CTL effecter cell activity. These data suggest a role for CD7 in regulating intrathymic T cell development and in mediating CTL effecter function.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. Lee
- *Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Herman F. Staats
- *Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, and
- †Department of Immunology and the Duke University Arthritis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - John S. Sundy
- *Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Dhavalkumar D. Patel
- *Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, and
- †Department of Immunology and the Duke University Arthritis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Gregory D. Sempowski
- *Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Richard M. Scearce
- *Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Dawn M. Jones
- *Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Barton F. Haynes
- *Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, and
- †Department of Immunology and the Duke University Arthritis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
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Noffz G, Qin Z, Kopf M, Blankenstein T. Neutrophils but Not Eosinophils Are Involved in Growth Suppression of IL-4-Secreting Tumors. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1998. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.160.1.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Local expression of IL-4 by gene-modified tumor cells increases their immunogenicity by inducing an inflammatory response that is dominated by eosinophils. Eosinophils have been implicated as antitumor effector cells because the application of a granulocyte-depleting Ab inhibited rejection of IL-4 transfected tumors. This Ab did not discriminate between eosinophils and neutrophils and, therefore, this experiment could not exclude neutrophils as primary effector cells, whereas eosinophils were innocent bystander cells in IL-4 transfected tumors. We analyzed tumor growth suppression and granulocyte infiltration in IL-5-deficient (IL-5−/−) mice that had a deficiency of eosinophils, using two tumor lines (B16-F10 and MCA205) transfected to secrete IL-4. IL-4-expressing tumors were at least as efficiently rejected in IL-5−/− mice as in wild-type mice, despite an almost complete absence of tumor-infiltrating eosinophils. However, neutrophils were present in undiminished amounts and their depletion partially restored tumor growth. Furthermore, the growth of IL-5-secreting tumors was not impaired in either wild-type or IL-5−/− mice, even though it induced eosinophilia in both mouse strains. These findings demonstrate that eosinophils can be induced in IL-5−/− mice by exogenous IL-5 and argue against a compensatory effect of neutrophils in the absence of eosinophils. We conclude that 1) infiltration of IL-4 transfected tumors by eosinophils is completely IL-5 dependent, 2) eosinophils have no tumoricidal activity, and 3) neutrophils are responsible, at least in part, for tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Noffz
- *Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Berlin, Germany; and
| | - Zhihai Qin
- *Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Berlin, Germany; and
| | - Manfred Kopf
- †Basel Institute for Immunology, Basel, Switzerland
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Contractor NV, Bassiri H, Reya T, Park AY, Baumgart DC, Wasik MA, Emerson SG, Carding SR. Lymphoid Hyperplasia, Autoimmunity, and Compromised Intestinal Intraepithelial Lymphocyte Development in Colitis-Free Gnotobiotic IL-2-Deficient Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1998. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.160.1.385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
IL-2-deficient (IL-2−/−) mice develop disorders of the hemopoietic and immune systems characterized by anemia, lymphocytic hyperplasia, and colitis. The mechanisms responsible for these abnormalities remain unclear. To investigate the underlying basis of autoimmunity, the particular role of commensal gut flora in the initiation of colitis, and the role of IL-2 in the development of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (iIEL), we evaluated IL-2−/− mice reared and maintained under gnotobiotic (germfree) conditions. By 8 wk of age, 80% (20 of 25) of germfree IL-2−/− mice show signs of disease, including anemia, disturbances in bone marrow hemopoietic cells, lymphocytic hyperplasia, and generalized autoimmunity, similar to those seen in specific pathogen-free (SPF) IL-2−/− mice. In striking contrast to SPF IL-2−/− mice, germfree IL-2−/− mice do not develop colitis. However, the numbers of γδ+ and TCRαβ+CD8αα+ iIELs are reduced, and in lethally irradiated SPF IL-2+/+ mice, reconstituted with IL-2−/− bone marrow TCRγδ+ iIELs fail to develop, consistent with an important role of IL-2/IL-2R signaling in the development of γδ iIELs. Consequently, our findings demonstrate that the colitis seen in SPF IL-2−/− mice depends upon the presence of intestinal bacterial flora and that environmental Ags are not responsible for the anemia and extraintestinal lymphoid hyperplasia that occur in IL-2−/− mice. Thus, germfree IL-2−/− mice represent a unique system in which the role of IL-2 deficiency in hemopoietic and immune system disorders can be investigated in dissociation from complications that may arise due to colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Stephen G. Emerson
- §Hematology and Oncology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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