1
|
Qin P, He C, Ye P, Li Q, Cai C, Li Y. PKCδ regulates the vascular biology in diabetic atherosclerosis. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:330. [PMID: 37974282 PMCID: PMC10652453 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01361-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, known for its complications, especially vascular complications, is becoming a globally serious social problem. Atherosclerosis has been recognized as a common vascular complication mechanism in diabetes. The diacylglycerol (DAG)-protein kinase C (PKC) pathway plays an important role in atherosclerosis. PKCs can be divided into three subgroups: conventional PKCs (cPKCs), novel PKCs (nPKCs), and atypical PKCs (aPKCs). The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the role of the PKCδ pathway, an isoform of nPKC, in regulating the function of endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and macrophages in diabetic atherosclerosis. In addition, potential therapeutic targets regarding the PKCδ pathway are summarized. Video Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peiliang Qin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Changhuai He
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Pin Ye
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Chuanqi Cai
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Yiqing Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hashimoto R, Koide H, Katoh Y. MEK inhibitors increase the mortality rate in mice with LPS-induced inflammation through IL-12-NO signaling. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:374. [PMID: 37833247 PMCID: PMC10575927 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01674-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an endotoxin that can cause an acute inflammatory response. Nitric oxide (NO) is one of the most important innate immune system components and is synthesized by inducible NOS (iNOS) in macrophages in response to stimulation with LPS. LPS activates the RAS-RAF-mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase (MEK)-extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling cascade in macrophages. The purpose of this study was to examine how the combination of LPS and MEK inhibitors, which have been used as anticancer agents in recent years, affects inflammation. We showed that MEK inhibitors enhanced iNOS expression and NO production in LPS-stimulated mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages. A MEK inhibitor increased the mortality rate in mice with LPS-induced inflammation. The expression of the cytokine interleukin-12 (IL-12) in macrophages was enhanced by the MEK inhibitor, as shown by a cytokine array and ELISA. IL-12 enhanced iNOS expression and NO production in response to LPS. We also showed that tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) was secreted by macrophage after stimulation with LPS and that TNF-α and IL-12 synergistically induced iNOS expression and NO production. An anti-IL-12 neutralizing antibody prevented NO production and mortality in an LPS-induced inflammation mouse model in the presence of a MEK inhibitor. These results suggest that the MEK inhibitor increases the mortality rate in mice with LPS-induced inflammation through IL-12-NO signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hashimoto
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Biomedical Research Core Facilities, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
- Department of Physiology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Koide
- Laboratory of Molecular and Biochemical Research, Biomedical Research Core Facilities, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Youichi Katoh
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
- Juntendo University Faculty of International Liberal Arts, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8421, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sáez T, Pageé A, Kirschenman R, Quon A, Spaans F, Davidge ST. A High Cholesterol Diet During Late Pregnancy Impairs Long-Term Maternal Vascular Function in Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:120-132. [PMID: 36353990 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.318421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gestational dyslipidemia is associated with pregnancy complications including preeclampsia. However, whether gestational dyslipidemia leads postpartum vascular dysfunction, which could increase the risk for cardiovascular complications later in life, is not known. Here, we aimed to determine whether a gestational dyslipidemia affects postpartum vascular health and induces early signs of atherosclerosis. METHODS Pregnant C57BL/6 mice received a high cholesterol diet or control diet from gestational day 13.5 until term. After delivery, all mice received the control diet for ≈3 months postpartum (PP). Age-matched nulliparous females were on the same diets for equal periods. After 3 months, all mice were euthanized, serum was collected, and aortas were isolated to assess vascular function (wire myography) and markers of oxidative stress and early atherosclerosis. RESULTS PP-high cholesterol diet females had increased circulating cholesterol levels compared with PP-control diet mice, without effect of the diet in nulliparous mice. Methacholine-induced vasodilation was impaired, and nitric oxide contribution reduced, by the high cholesterol diet in aortas of PP mice, but not in nulliparous mice. Exposure to oxidized low-density-protein cholesterol further impaired methylcholine-induced vasodilation in PP-high cholesterol diet aortas only. Compared with PP-control diet mice, aortic inducible nitric oxide synthase expression, reactive oxygen species and nitrotyrosine levels were increased in aortas from PP-high cholesterol diet mice. No differences in aortic lipid deposition and macrophage infiltration were found. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to a high cholesterol diet in pregnancy impairs vascular function postpartum. Our results support the hypothesis that gestational dyslipidemia impacts maternal vascular function after pregnancy, which could potentially predispose these women to future cardiovascular complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Sáez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (T.S., R.K., A.Q., F.S., S.T.D.).,Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (T.S., R.K., A.Q., F.S., S.T.D.)
| | - Abbey Pageé
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (A.P., S.T.D.)
| | - Raven Kirschenman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (T.S., R.K., A.Q., F.S., S.T.D.).,Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (T.S., R.K., A.Q., F.S., S.T.D.)
| | - Anita Quon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (T.S., R.K., A.Q., F.S., S.T.D.).,Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (T.S., R.K., A.Q., F.S., S.T.D.)
| | - Floor Spaans
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (T.S., R.K., A.Q., F.S., S.T.D.).,Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (T.S., R.K., A.Q., F.S., S.T.D.)
| | - Sandra T Davidge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (T.S., R.K., A.Q., F.S., S.T.D.).,Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (T.S., R.K., A.Q., F.S., S.T.D.).,Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (A.P., S.T.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Batty M, Bennett MR, Yu E. The Role of Oxidative Stress in Atherosclerosis. Cells 2022; 11:3843. [PMID: 36497101 PMCID: PMC9735601 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the vascular system and is the leading cause of cardiovascular diseases worldwide. Excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leads to a state of oxidative stress which is a major risk factor for the development and progression of atherosclerosis. ROS are important for maintaining vascular health through their potent signalling properties. However, ROS also activate pro-atherogenic processes such as inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and altered lipid metabolism. As such, considerable efforts have been made to identify and characterise sources of oxidative stress in blood vessels. Major enzymatic sources of vascular ROS include NADPH oxidases, xanthine oxidase, nitric oxide synthases and mitochondrial electron transport chains. The production of ROS is balanced by ROS-scavenging antioxidant systems which may become dysfunctional in disease, contributing to oxidative stress. Changes in the expression and function of ROS sources and antioxidants have been observed in human atherosclerosis while in vitro and in vivo animal models have provided mechanistic insight into their functions. There is considerable interest in utilising antioxidant molecules to balance vascular oxidative stress, yet clinical trials are yet to demonstrate any atheroprotective effects of these molecules. Here we will review the contribution of ROS and oxidative stress to atherosclerosis and will discuss potential strategies to ameliorate these aspects of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emma Yu
- Section of Cardiorespiratory Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0BB, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Santos-Sánchez G, Cruz-Chamorro I, Álvarez-Ríos AI, Álvarez-Sánchez N, Rodríguez-Ortiz B, Álvarez-López AI, Fernández-Pachón MS, Pedroche J, Millán F, Millán-Linares MDC, Lardone PJ, Bejarano I, Carrillo-Vico A. Bioactive Peptides from Lupin ( Lupinus angustifolius) Prevent the Early Stages of Atherosclerosis in Western Diet-Fed ApoE -/- Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:8243-8253. [PMID: 35767743 PMCID: PMC9284549 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We have previously reported the in vitro hypocholesterolemic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects of Alcalase-generated lupin protein hydrolysate (LPH). Given that lipoprotein deposition, oxidative stress, and inflammation are the main components of atherogenesis, we characterized the LPH composition, in silico identified LPH-peptides with activities related to atherosclerosis, and evaluated the in vivo LPH effects on atherosclerosis risk factors in a mouse model of atherosclerosis. After 15 min of Alcalase hydrolysis, peptides smaller than 8 kDa were obtained, and 259 peptides out of 278 peptides found showed biological activities related to atherosclerosis risk factors. Furthermore, LPH administration for 12 weeks reduced the plasma lipids, as well as the cardiovascular and atherogenic risk indexes. LPH also increased the total antioxidant capacity, decreased endothelial permeability, inflammatory response, and atherogenic markers. Therefore, this study describes for the first time that LPH prevents the early stages of atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Santos-Sánchez
- Instituto
de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta
de Andalucía, CSIC), 41013 Seville, Spain
- Departamento
de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Ivan Cruz-Chamorro
- Instituto
de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta
de Andalucía, CSIC), 41013 Seville, Spain
- Departamento
de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Seville, Spain
- .
Phone: +34955923106
| | - Ana Isabel Álvarez-Ríos
- Instituto
de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta
de Andalucía, CSIC), 41013 Seville, Spain
- Departamento
de Bioquímica Clínica, Unidad de Gestión de Laboratorios, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Nuria Álvarez-Sánchez
- Instituto
de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta
de Andalucía, CSIC), 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Beatriz Rodríguez-Ortiz
- Instituto
de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta
de Andalucía, CSIC), 41013 Seville, Spain
- Departamento
de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel Álvarez-López
- Instituto
de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta
de Andalucía, CSIC), 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - María-Soledad Fernández-Pachón
- Área
de Nutrición y Bromatología, Departamento de Biología
Molecular e Ingeniería Bioquímica, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Ctra Utrera Km 1, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Justo Pedroche
- Department
of Food & Health, Instituto de la grasa,
CSIC, Ctra Utrera Km
1, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Francisco Millán
- Department
of Food & Health, Instituto de la grasa,
CSIC, Ctra Utrera Km
1, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - María del Carmen Millán-Linares
- Departamento
de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Seville, Spain
- Department
of Food & Health, Instituto de la grasa,
CSIC, Ctra Utrera Km
1, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Patricia Judith Lardone
- Instituto
de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta
de Andalucía, CSIC), 41013 Seville, Spain
- Departamento
de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Ignacio Bejarano
- Instituto
de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta
de Andalucía, CSIC), 41013 Seville, Spain
- Departamento
de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio Carrillo-Vico
- Instituto
de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta
de Andalucía, CSIC), 41013 Seville, Spain
- Departamento
de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Seville, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Moldovan R, Mitrea DR, Florea A, Chiş IC, Suciu Ş, David L, Moldovan BE, Mureşan LE, Lenghel M, Ungur RA, Opriş RV, Decea N, Clichici SV. Effects of Gold Nanoparticles Functionalized with Bioactive Compounds from Cornus mas Fruit on Aorta Ultrastructural and Biochemical Changes in Rats on a Hyperlipid Diet-A Preliminary Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071343. [PMID: 35883833 PMCID: PMC9311980 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cornus mas L. extract (CM) presents hypolipidemic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are considered potent delivery systems and may be used to release pharmaceutical compounds at the level of injury. In our study, we used gold nanoparticles functionalized with bioactive compounds from Cornus mas L. (AuNPsCM) in an experimental model of a high-fat diet (HFD), and we assessed their effects on aorta wall but also in the serum, as compared to Cornus mas (CM) administration. Sprague Dawley female rats were fed for 9 months with an HFD. During the last month of the experiment, we randomly allocated the animals into three groups that received, by oral gavage: saline solution, CM solution (0.158 mg/mL polyphenols) or AuNPsCM solution (260 μg Au/kg/day), while a Control group received a standard diet and saline solution. At the end of the experiment, we performed an ultrasonography of the aorta and left ventricle and a histology and transmission electron microscopy of the aorta walls; we investigated the oxidative stress and inflammation in aorta homogenates and in serum and, in addition, the lipid profile. AuNPsCM presented better effects in comparison with the natural extract (CM) on lipid peroxidation (p < 0.01) and TNF-alpha (p < 0.001) in aorta homogenates. In serum, both CM and AuNPsCM decreased the triglycerides (p < 0.001) and C-reactive protein (CM, p < 0.01; AuNPsCM, p < 0.001) and increased the antioxidant protection (p < 0.001), in comparison with the HFD group. In intima, AuNPsCM produced ultrastructural lesions, with the disorganization of intima and subendothelial connective layer, whereas CM administration preserved the intima normal aspect, but with a thinned subendothelial connective layer. AuNPsCM oral administration presented certain antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hypolipidemic effects in an experimental model of HFD, but with a negative impact on the ultrastructure of aorta walls, highlighted by the intima disorganization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Remus Moldovan
- Department of Physiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 1-3 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.M.); (I.-C.C.); (Ş.S.); (N.D.); (S.V.C.)
| | - Daniela-Rodica Mitrea
- Department of Physiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 1-3 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.M.); (I.-C.C.); (Ş.S.); (N.D.); (S.V.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Adrian Florea
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.F.); (R.V.O.)
| | - Irina-Camelia Chiş
- Department of Physiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 1-3 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.M.); (I.-C.C.); (Ş.S.); (N.D.); (S.V.C.)
| | - Şoimiţa Suciu
- Department of Physiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 1-3 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.M.); (I.-C.C.); (Ş.S.); (N.D.); (S.V.C.)
| | - Luminiţa David
- Research Center for Advanced Chemical Analysis, Instrumentation and Chemometrics, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos Street, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.D.); (B.E.M.)
| | - Bianca Elena Moldovan
- Research Center for Advanced Chemical Analysis, Instrumentation and Chemometrics, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos Street, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.D.); (B.E.M.)
| | - Laura Elena Mureşan
- Raluca Ripan Institute of Research in Chemistry, Babes-Bolyai University, 30 Fantanele Street, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Manuela Lenghel
- Radiology Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 1–3 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Rodica Ana Ungur
- Department of Rehabilitation, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Răzvan Vlad Opriş
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.F.); (R.V.O.)
| | - Nicoleta Decea
- Department of Physiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 1-3 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.M.); (I.-C.C.); (Ş.S.); (N.D.); (S.V.C.)
| | - Simona Valeria Clichici
- Department of Physiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 1-3 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.M.); (I.-C.C.); (Ş.S.); (N.D.); (S.V.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Madrigal-Matute J, de Bruijn J, van Kuijk K, Riascos-Bernal DF, Diaz A, Tasset I, Martín-Segura A, Gijbels MJJ, Sander B, Kaushik S, Biessen EAL, Tiano S, Bourdenx M, Krause GJ, McCracken I, Baker AH, Jin H, Sibinga NES, Bravo-Cordero JJ, Macian F, Singh R, Rensen PCN, Berbée JFP, Pasterkamp G, Sluimer JC, Cuervo AM. Protective role of chaperone-mediated autophagy against atherosclerosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2121133119. [PMID: 35363568 PMCID: PMC9168839 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2121133119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) contributes to regulation of energy homeostasis by timely degradation of enzymes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism. Here, we report reduced CMA activity in vascular smooth muscle cells and macrophages in murine and human arteries in response to atherosclerotic challenges. We show that in vivo genetic blockage of CMA worsens atherosclerotic pathology through both systemic and cell-autonomous changes in vascular smooth muscle cells and macrophages, the two main cell types involved in atherogenesis. CMA deficiency promotes dedifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells and a proinflammatory state in macrophages. Conversely, a genetic mouse model with up-regulated CMA shows lower vulnerability to proatherosclerotic challenges. We propose that CMA could be an attractive therapeutic target against cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julio Madrigal-Matute
- Department of Development and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
- Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Jenny de Bruijn
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kim van Kuijk
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Antonio Diaz
- Department of Development and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
- Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Inmaculada Tasset
- Department of Development and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
- Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Adrián Martín-Segura
- Department of Development and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
- Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Marion J. J. Gijbels
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bianca Sander
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Susmita Kaushik
- Department of Development and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
- Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Erik A. L. Biessen
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Simoni Tiano
- Department of Development and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
- Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Mathieu Bourdenx
- Department of Development and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
- Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Gregory J. Krause
- Department of Development and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
- Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Ian McCracken
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew H. Baker
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Han Jin
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nicholas E. S. Sibinga
- Department of Development and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Jose Javier Bravo-Cordero
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Fernando Macian
- Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Rajat Singh
- Department of Development and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
- Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Patrick C. N. Rensen
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jimmy F. P. Berbée
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Judith C. Sluimer
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Maria Cuervo
- Department of Development and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
- Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Anti-Inflammatory Activity and Mechanism of Cryptochlorogenic Acid from Ageratina adenophora. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030439. [PMID: 35276797 PMCID: PMC8839916 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Ageratina adenophora is an invasive plant known for its toxicity to livestock. Current research on this plant has shifted from toxicity prevention to the beneficial utilization of plant resources. This study was performed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of cryptochlorogenic acid (CCGA) isolated from Ageratina adenophora on the inflammatory responses induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in RAW264.7 cells. RAW264.7 cells were pretreated with CCGA (200, 100, and 50 μg/mL) and subsequently stimulated with LPS (1 μg/mL) for 16 h. The cytotoxicity of CCGA was tested using the Cell Counting Kit (CCK8). The mechanism of action of CCGA in attenuating inflammation was also identified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot. The results showed that CCGA had a maximal safe concentration of 200 mg/mL. Moreover, CCGA reduced the level of nitric oxide (NO) and iNOS in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells (p < 0.01). In addition, CCGA reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells at both the mRNA and protein levels (p < 0.01). CCGA prevented the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells via the inhibition of IKK and IκB phosphorylation and the degradation of IκB proteins (p < 0.01). This finding indicated that CCGA isolated from A. adenophora may be a potential candidate for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases.
Collapse
|
9
|
Lee AY, Lee JY, Chun JM. Exploring the Mechanism of Gyejibokryeong-hwan against Atherosclerosis Using Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9121750. [PMID: 33321972 PMCID: PMC7764045 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Gyejibokryeong-hwan (GBH) is a traditional formula comprised of five herbal medicines that is frequently used to treat blood stasis and related complex multifactorial disorders such as atherosclerosis. The present study used network pharmacology and molecular docking simulations to clarify the effect and mechanism of the components of GBH. Active compounds were selected using Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System (OASIS) and the Traditional Chinese Medicine System Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP), and target genes linked to the selected components were retrieved using Search Tool for Interacting Chemicals (STITCH) and GeneCards. Functional analysis of potential target genes was performed through the Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) database and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway, and molecular docking confirmed the correlation between five core compounds (quercetin, kaempferol, baicalein, ellagic acid, and baicalin) and six potential target genes (AKT1, CASP3, MAPK1, MAPK3, NOS2, and PTGS2). Molecular docking studies indicated that quercetin strongly interacted with six potential target proteins. Thus, these potential target proteins were closely related to TNF, HIF-1, FoxO, and PI3K-Akt signal pathways, suggesting that these factors and pathways may mediate the beneficial effects of GBH on atherosclerosis. Our results identify target genes and pathways that may mediate the clinical effects of the compounds contained within GBH on atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Yeong Lee
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju-si 58245, Korea;
| | - Joo-Youn Lee
- Therapeutics and Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Korea;
| | - Jin Mi Chun
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju-si 58245, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-613-387-130
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Smit M, Coetzee A, Lochner A. The Pathophysiology of Myocardial Ischemia and Perioperative Myocardial Infarction. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2020; 34:2501-2512. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
11
|
Roy A, Saqib U, Wary K, Baig MS. Macrophage neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS1) controls the inflammatory response and foam cell formation in atherosclerosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 83:106382. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
12
|
Hossaini Nasr S, Rashidijahanabad Z, Ramadan S, Kauffman N, Parameswaran N, Zinn KR, Qian C, Arora R, Agnew D, Huang X. Effective atherosclerotic plaque inflammation inhibition with targeted drug delivery by hyaluronan conjugated atorvastatin nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:9541-9556. [PMID: 32314997 PMCID: PMC7234819 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr00308e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is associated with inflammation in the arteries, which is a major cause of heart attacks and strokes. Reducing the extent of local inflammation at atherosclerotic plaques can be an attractive strategy to combat atherosclerosis. While statins can exhibit direct anti-inflammatory activities, the high dose required for such a therapy renders it unrealistic due to their low systemic bioavailabilities and potential side effects. To overcome this, a new hyaluronan (HA)-atorvastatin (ATV) conjugate was designed with the hydrophobic statin ATV forming the core of the nanoparticle (HA-ATV-NP). The HA on the NPs can selectively bind with CD44, a cell surface receptor overexpressed on cells residing in atherosclerotic plaques and known to play important roles in plaque development. HA-ATV-NPs exhibited significantly higher anti-inflammatory effects on macrophages compared to ATV alone in vitro. Furthermore, when administered in an apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-knockout mouse model of atherosclerosis following a 1-week treatment regimen, HA-ATV-NPs markedly decreased inflammation in advanced atherosclerotic plaques, which were monitored through contrast agent aided magnetic resonance imaging. These results suggest CD44 targeting with HA-ATV-NPs is an attractive strategy to reduce harmful inflammation in atherosclerotic plaques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyedmehdi Hossaini Nasr
- Department of Chemistry Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA. and Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Zahra Rashidijahanabad
- Department of Chemistry Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA. and Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Sherif Ramadan
- Department of Chemistry Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA. and Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA and Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, Qaliobiya 13518, Egypt
| | - Nate Kauffman
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA and Department of Biomedical Engineering Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | | | - Kurt R Zinn
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA and Department of Biomedical Engineering Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA and Department of Radiology Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Chunqi Qian
- Department of Radiology Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Ripla Arora
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Dalen Agnew
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Department of Chemistry Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA. and Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA and Department of Biomedical Engineering Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Fukuda R, Murakami T. Potential of Lipoprotein-Based Nanoparticulate Formulations for the Treatment of Eye Diseases. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 43:596-607. [PMID: 32238702 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-00858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lipoproteins are naturally occurring nanoparticles and their main physiological function is the promotion of lipid metabolism. They can be prepared in vitro for use as drug carriers, and these reconstituted lipoproteins show similar biological activity to their natural counterparts. Some lipoproteins can cross the blood-retinal barrier and are involved in intraocular lipid metabolism. Drug-loaded lipoproteins can be delivered to the retina for the treatment of posterior eye diseases. In this review, we have discussed the therapeutic applications of lipoproteins for eye diseases and introduced the emerging animal models used for the evaluation of their therapeutic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Fukuda
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University.,Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
| | - Tatsuya Murakami
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University.,Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University Institute for Advanced Study (KUIAS)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
In-silico and in-vitro analysis of endocan interaction with statins. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 146:1087-1099. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
15
|
Devarakonda CV, Pereira FE, Smith JD, Shapiro LH, Ghosh M. CD13 deficiency leads to increased oxidative stress and larger atherosclerotic lesions. Atherosclerosis 2019; 287:70-80. [PMID: 31229835 PMCID: PMC6746312 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.06.901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory cardiovascular disorder characterized by accumulation of lipid-loaded macrophages in the intima. Prolonged accumulation leads to apoptosis of macrophages and eventually to progression of lesion development. Prevention of macrophage accumulation within the intima has been shown to reduce lesion formation. Since CD13 mediates trafficking of macrophages to sites of injury and repair, we tested the role of CD13 in atherosclerosis. METHODS CD13+/+Ldlr-/- and CD13-/-Ldlr-/- (low density lipoprotein receptor) mice were fed basal or high fat diet (HFD) for 9, 12 and 15 weeks. Mice were euthanized and aortic roots along with innominate arteries were analyzed for atherosclerotic lesions. Cellular mechanisms were determined in vitro using CD13+/+ and CD13-/- bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) incubated with highly oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL). RESULTS At the 9 and 12 week time points, no differences were observed in the average lesion size, but at the 15 week time point, CD13-/-Ldlr-/- mice had larger lesions with exaggerated necrotic areas. CD13+/+ and CD13-/- macrophages endocytosed similar amounts of oxLDL, but CD13-/- macrophages generated higher amounts of oxidative stressors in comparison to CD13+/+ macrophages. This increased oxidative stress was due to increased nitric oxide production in oxLDL treated CD13-/- macrophages. Accumulated oxidative stress subsequently led to accelerated apoptosis and enhanced necrosis of oxLDL treated CD13-/- macrophages. CONCLUSIONS Contrary to our prediction, CD13 deficiency led to larger atherosclerotic lesions with increased areas of necrosis. Mechanistically, CD13 deficiency led to increased nitric oxide production and consequently, greater oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charan V Devarakonda
- Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Flavia E Pereira
- Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Jonathan D Smith
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Linda H Shapiro
- Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
| | - Mallika Ghosh
- Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Roy A, Banerjee S, Saqib U, Baig MS. NOS1-derived nitric oxide facilitates macrophage uptake of low-density lipoprotein. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:11593-11603. [PMID: 30805961 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Foam cell formation is a hallmark event during atherosclerosis. The current paradigm is that lipid uptake by a scavenger receptor in macrophages initiates necrosis core formation that characterizes atherosclerosis. We report that NOS1-derived nitric oxide (NO) facilitates low-density lipoprotein (LDL) uptake by macrophages independent of the inflammatory response. LDL uptake could be dramatically suppressed by NOS1 specific inhibitor 1-(2-trifluoromethylphenyl) imidazole (TRIM). Importantly, the notion that NOS1 can mediate uptake of lipoproteins suggests that the foam cell formation is regulated by NOS1-derived NO-mediated mechanism. This is a novel study involving NOS1 as a critical player of foam cell formation and reveals much about the key molecular proteins involved in atherosclerosis. Targeting NOS1 would be a useful strategy in reducing LDL uptake by macrophages and hence dampening the atherosclerosis progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Roy
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India
| | - Sreeparna Banerjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi (ODTU/METU), Ankara, Turkey
| | - Uzma Saqib
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India
| | - Mirza S Baig
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Vasoreactivity of isolated aortic rings from dyslipidemic and insulin resistant inducible nitric oxide synthase knockout mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 855:90-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
18
|
Loscalzo J. Nitric Oxide Signaling and Atherothrombosis Redux: Evidence From Experiments of Nature and Implications for Therapy. Circulation 2019; 137:233-236. [PMID: 29335284 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.032901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Loscalzo
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Meng Z, Si CY, Teng S, Yu XH, Li HY. Tanshinone IIA inhibits lipopolysaccharide‑induced inflammatory responses through the TLR4/TAK1/NF‑κB signaling pathway in vascular smooth muscle cells. Int J Mol Med 2019; 43:1847-1858. [PMID: 30816448 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
To aim of the present study was to determine whether Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‑induced inflammation in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from rats and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism. VSMCs were primarily cultured and then treated with LPS (1 µg/l) and Tan IIA (25, 50 and 100 µmol/l) for 24 h. Monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)‑1, interleukin (IL)‑6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‑α levels were detected by ELISA and reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Nitric oxide (NO) production was measured using the Griess reaction. The expression of Toll‑like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor (NF)‑κB (p65), and inducible NO synthase (iNOS), and the phosphorylation of transforming growth factor‑β‑activated kinase 1 (TAK1) were detected by western blot analysis. Tan IIA inhibited the LPS‑induced expression of MCP‑1, IL‑6, and TNF‑α in a concentration‑dependent manner and inhibited iNOS‑mediated NO production. In addition, Tan IIA suppressed the expression of TLR4, the phosphorylation of TAK1, and the nuclear translocation of NF‑κB (p65). The anti‑TLR4 antibody and TAK1 inhibitor 5Z‑7‑oxozeaenol partially attenuated the LPS‑induced expression of proinflammatory cytokines. In conclusion, Tan IIA inhibits LPS‑induced inflammatory responses in VSMCs in vitro through the partial suppression of the TLR4/TAK1/NF‑κB signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Meng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Ying Si
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of TCM, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Teng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Hui Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Taicang, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Yu Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Awad MA, Aldosari SR, Abid MR. Genetic Alterations in Oxidant and Anti-Oxidant Enzymes in the Vascular System. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:107. [PMID: 30140678 PMCID: PMC6095034 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are one of the prime causes of mortality worldwide. Experimental animal models have become a valuable tool to investigate and further advance our knowledge on etiology, pathophysiology and intervention. They also provide a great opportunity to understand the contribution of different genes and effector molecules in the pathogenesis and development of diseases at the sub-cellular levels. High levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been associated with the progression of CVD such as ischemic heart disease (IHD), myocardial infarction, hypertension, atherosclerosis, aortic aneurysm, aortic dissection and others. On the contrary, low levels of antioxidants were associated with exacerbated cardiovascular event. Major focus of this review is on vascular pathogenesis that leads to CVD, with special emphasis on the roles of oxidant/antioxidant enzymes in health and disease progression in vascular cells including vascular endothelium. The major oxidant enzymes that have been implicated with the progression of CVD include NADPH Oxidase, nitric oxide synthase, monoamine oxidase, and xanthine oxidoreductase. The major antioxidant enzymes that have been attributed to normalizing the levels of oxidative stress include superoxide dismutases, catalase and glutathione peroxidases (GPx), and thioredoxin. Cardiovascular phenotypes of major oxidants and antioxidants knockout and transgenic animal models are discussed here.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maan A Awad
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Sarah R Aldosari
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, United States
| | - M Ruhul Abid
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Beyond the Foam Cell: The Role of LXRs in Preventing Atherogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082307. [PMID: 30087224 PMCID: PMC6121590 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic condition associated with cardiovascular disease. While largely identified by the accumulation of lipid-laden foam cells within the aorta later on in life, atherosclerosis develops over several stages and decades. During atherogenesis, various cell types of the aorta acquire a pro-inflammatory phenotype that initiates the cascade of signaling events facilitating the formation of these foam cells. The liver X receptors (LXRs) are nuclear receptors that upon activation induce the expression of transporters responsible for promoting cholesterol efflux. In addition to promoting cholesterol removal from the arterial wall, LXRs have potent anti-inflammatory actions via the transcriptional repression of key pro-inflammatory cytokines. These beneficial functions sparked an interest in the potential to target LXRs and the development of agonists as anti-atherogenic agents. These early studies focused on mediating the contributions of macrophages to the underlying pathogenesis. However, further evidence has since demonstrated that LXRs reduce atherosclerosis through their actions in multiple cell types apart from those monocytes/macrophages that infiltrate the lesion. LXRs and their target genes have profound effects on multiple other cells types of the hematopoietic system. Furthermore, LXRs can also mediate dysfunction within vascular cell types of the aorta including endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Taken together, these studies demonstrate the whole-body benefits of LXR activation with respect to anti-atherogenesis, and that LXRs remain a viable target for the treatment of atherosclerosis, with a reach which extends beyond plaque macrophages.
Collapse
|
22
|
Douglas G, Hale AB, Patel J, Chuaiphichai S, Al Haj Zen A, Rashbrook VS, Trelfa L, Crabtree MJ, McNeill E, Channon KM. Roles for endothelial cell and macrophage Gch1 and tetrahydrobiopterin in atherosclerosis progression. Cardiovasc Res 2018; 114:1385-1399. [PMID: 29596571 PMCID: PMC6054219 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims GTP cyclohydrolase I catalyses the first and rate-limiting reaction in the synthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), an essential cofactor for nitric oxide synthases (NOS). Both eNOS and iNOS have been implicated in the progression of atherosclerosis, with opposing effects in eNOS and iNOS knockout mice. However, the pathophysiologic requirement for BH4 in regulating both eNOS and iNOS function, and the effects of loss of BH4 on the progression of atherosclerosis remains unknown. Methods and results Hyperlipidemic mice deficient in Gch1 in endothelial cells and leucocytes were generated by crossing Gch1fl/flTie2cre mice with ApoE-/- mice. Deficiency of Gch1 and BH4 in endothelial cells and myeloid cells was associated with mildly increased blood pressure. High fat feeding for 6 weeks in Gch1fl/flTie2CreApoE-/- mice resulted in significantly decreased circulating BH4 levels, increased atherosclerosis burden and increased plaque macrophage content. Gch1fl/flTie2CreApoE-/- mice showed hallmarks of endothelial cell dysfunction, with increased aortic VCAM-1 expression and decreased endothelial cell dependent vasodilation. Furthermore, loss of BH4 from pro-inflammatory macrophages resulted in increased foam cell formation and altered cellular redox signalling, with decreased expression of antioxidant genes and increased reactive oxygen species. Bone marrow chimeras revealed that loss of Gch1 in both endothelial cells and leucocytes is required to accelerate atherosclerosis. Conclusion Both endothelial cell and macrophage BH4 play important roles in the regulation of NOS function and cellular redox signalling in atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Douglas
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Ashley B Hale
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Jyoti Patel
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Surawee Chuaiphichai
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Ayman Al Haj Zen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Victoria S Rashbrook
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Lucy Trelfa
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Mark J Crabtree
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Eileen McNeill
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Keith M Channon
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
The CD44-HA axis and inflammation in atherosclerosis: A temporal perspective. Matrix Biol 2018; 78-79:201-218. [PMID: 29792915 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) due to atherosclerosis is a disease of chronic inflammation at both the systemic and the tissue level. CD44 has previously been implicated in atherosclerosis in both humans and mice. This multi-faceted receptor plays a critical part in the inflammatory response during the onset of CVD, though little is known of CD44's role during the latter stages of the disease. This review focuses on the role of CD44-dependent HA-dependent effects on inflammatory cells in several key processes, from disease initiation throughout the progression of atherosclerosis. Understanding how CD44 and HA regulate inflammation in atherogenesis is key in determining the utility of the CD44-HA axis as a therapeutic target to halt disease and potentially promote disease regression.
Collapse
|
24
|
Lehners M, Dobrowinski H, Feil S, Feil R. cGMP Signaling and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Plasticity. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2018; 5:jcdd5020020. [PMID: 29671769 PMCID: PMC6023364 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd5020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic GMP regulates multiple cell types and functions of the cardiovascular system. This review summarizes the effects of cGMP on the growth and survival of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), which display remarkable phenotypic plasticity during the development of vascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis. Recent studies have shown that VSMCs contribute to the development of atherosclerotic plaques by clonal expansion and transdifferentiation to macrophage-like cells. VSMCs express a variety of cGMP generators and effectors, including NO-sensitive guanylyl cyclase (NO-GC) and cGMP-dependent protein kinase type I (cGKI), respectively. According to the traditional view, cGMP inhibits VSMC proliferation, but this concept has been challenged by recent findings supporting a stimulatory effect of the NO-cGMP-cGKI axis on VSMC growth. Here, we summarize the relevant studies with a focus on VSMC growth regulation by the NO-cGMP-cGKI pathway in cultured VSMCs and mouse models of atherosclerosis, restenosis, and angiogenesis. We discuss potential reasons for inconsistent results, such as the use of genetic versus pharmacological approaches and primary versus subcultured cells. We also explore how modern methods for cGMP imaging and cell tracking could help to improve our understanding of cGMP’s role in vascular plasticity. We present a revised model proposing that cGMP promotes phenotypic switching of contractile VSMCs to VSMC-derived plaque cells in atherosclerotic lesions. Regulation of vascular remodeling by cGMP is not only an interesting new therapeutic strategy, but could also result in side effects of clinically used cGMP-elevating drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Lehners
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Hyazinth Dobrowinski
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Susanne Feil
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Robert Feil
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Alebrante M, Dias M, Neves C, Rosa D, Siqueira N, Natali A, Peluzio M. Effects of exercise training and nebivolol treatment on atherosclerotic plaque development, iNOS expression and antioxidant capacity in apoE −/− mice. Sci Sports 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
26
|
Liao Y, Gou L, Chen L, Zhong X, Zhang D, Zhu H, Lu X, Zeng T, Deng X, Li Y. NADPH oxidase 4 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase contribute to endothelial dysfunction mediated by histone methylations in metabolic memory. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 115:383-394. [PMID: 29269309 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
"Metabolic memory" is identified as a phenomenon that transient hyperglycemia can be remembered by vasculature for quite a long term even after reestablishment of normoglycemia. NADPH oxidases (Noxs) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) are important enzymatic sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in diabetic vasculature. The aim of this study is to explore the roles of epigenetics and ROS derived from Noxs and eNOS in the metabolic memory. In this study, we demonstrated that vascular ROS was continuously activated in endothelium induced by transient high glucose, as well as sustained vascular endothelial dysfunction. The Nox4 and uncoupled eNOS are the major sources of ROS, while inhibition of Nox4 and eNOS significantly attenuated oxidative stress and almost recovered the endothelial function in metabolic memory. Furthermore, the aberrant histone methylation (H3K4me1, H3K9me2, and H3K9me3) at promoters of Nox4 and eNOS are the main causes for the persistent up-regulation of these two genes. Modifying the histone methylation could reduce the expression levels of Nox4 and eNOS, thus obviously attenuating endothelial dysfunction. These results indicate that histone methylation of Nox4 and eNOS play a key role in metabolic memory and may be the potential intervention targets for metabolic memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Liao
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Luoning Gou
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Lulu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Xueyu Zhong
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Dongxue Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Hangang Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiaodan Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Tianshu Zeng
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiuling Deng
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yuming Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wei SJ, Cheng L, Liang ES, Wang Q, Zhou SN, Xu H, Hui LH, Ge ZM, Zhang MX. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 deficiency increases nitric oxide production and attenuates aortic atherogenesis through downregulation of arginase II. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 44:114-122. [PMID: 27757983 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) plays an important role in endothelial dysfunction, leading to atherogenesis and vascular-related diseases. However, whether PARP regulates nitric oxide (NO), a key regulator of endothelial function, is unclear so far. We investigated whether inhibition of PARP-1, the most abundant PARP isoform, prevents atherogenesis by regulating NO production and tried to elucidate the possible mechanisms involved in this phenomenon. In apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE-/- ) mice fed a high-cholesterol diet for 12 weeks, PARP-1 inhibition via treatment with 3,4-dihydro-54-(1-piperindinyl) butoxy-1(2H)-isoquinoline (DPQ) or PARP-1 gene knockout reduced aortic atherosclerotic plaque areas (49% and 46%, respectively). Both the groups showed restored NO production in mouse aortas with reduced arginase II (Arg II) expression compared to that in the controls. In mouse peritoneal macrophages and aortic endothelial cells (MAECs), PARP-1 knockout resulted in lowered Arg II expression. Moreover, phosphorylation of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) was preserved in the aortas and MAECs when PARP-1 was inhibited. Reduced NO production in vitro due to PARP-1 deficiency could be restored by treating the MAECs with oxidized low-density lipoprotein treatment, but this effect could not be achieved with peritoneal macrophages, which was likely due to a reduction in the expression of induced NOS expression. Our findings indicate that PARP-1 inhibition may attenuate atherogenesis by restoring NO production in endothelial cells and thus by reducing Arg II expression and consequently arginase the activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Jian Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Emergency, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lin Cheng
- Department of Ultrasound, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Er-Shun Liang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qi Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Sheng-Nan Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hao Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Long-Hua Hui
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,The First Sanatorium of Jinan Military Region, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Ge
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ming-Xiang Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Capobianco A, Cottone L, Monno A, Manfredi AA, Rovere-Querini P. The peritoneum: healing, immunity, and diseases. J Pathol 2017; 243:137-147. [PMID: 28722107 DOI: 10.1002/path.4942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The peritoneum defines a confined microenvironment, which is stable under normal conditions, but is exposed to the damaging effect of infections, surgical injuries, and other neoplastic and non-neoplastic events. Its response to damage includes the recruitment, proliferation, and activation of a variety of haematopoietic and stromal cells. In physiological conditions, effective responses to injuries are organized; inflammatory triggers are eliminated; inflammation quickly abates; and the normal tissue architecture is restored. However, if inflammatory triggers are not cleared, fibrosis or scarring occurs and impaired tissue function ultimately leads to organ failure. Autoimmune serositis is characterized by the persistence of self-antigens and a relapsing clinical pattern. Peritoneal carcinomatosis and endometriosis are characterized by the persistence of cancer cells or ectopic endometrial cells in the peritoneal cavity. Some of the molecular signals orchestrating the recruitment of inflammatory cells in the peritoneum have been identified in the last few years. Alternative activation of peritoneal macrophages was shown to guide angiogenesis and fibrosis, and could represent a novel target for molecular intervention. This review summarizes current knowledge of the alterations to the immune response in the peritoneal environment, highlighting the ambiguous role played by persistently activated reparative macrophages in the pathogenesis of common human diseases. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Capobianco
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Cottone
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, Milan, Italy.,University College London, Genetics and Cell Biology of Sarcoma Group, London, UK
| | - Antonella Monno
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo A Manfredi
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Rovere-Querini
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Xu Z, Dong A, Feng Z, Li J. Interleukin-32 promotes lipid accumulation through inhibition of cholesterol efflux. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:947-952. [PMID: 28781617 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-32 (IL-32) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine and its effects in various inflammatory diseases have been investigated. However, the role of IL-32 on atherosclerosis, an inflammatory disease, remains unknown. The present study examined the use of IL-32α, the most abundant transcript of IL-32, in the treatment of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-stimulated THP-1 macrophages for 24 h, which simulates a foam cell formation model. The effect of IL-32α (20, 50 and 100 ng/ml) on lipid deposition in the macrophages was analyzed using Oil Red O staining, while the cholesterol efflux on apolipoprotein A-I was also measured. The mRNA and protein expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), liver X receptor α (LXRα), ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and ABCG1 were quantified by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis, respectively. The results indicated that IL-32α exposure enhanced the lipid deposition and attenuated the cholesterol efflux from ox-LDL-stimulated THP-1 macrophages in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the expression levels of ABCA1, LXRα and PPARγ were dose-dependently decreased by IL-32α at the mRNA and protein levels. Addition of the PPARγ agonist 15d-PGJ2 or overexpression of PPARγ in THP-1 macrophages abrogated the IL-32α-mediated inhibition of cholesterol efflux and reversed the IL-32α-mediated downregulation of ABCA1 and LXRα. In conclusion, IL-32α enhances lipid accumulation and inhibits cholesterol efflux from ox-LDL-exposed THP-1 macrophages by regulating the PPARγ-LXRα-ABCA1 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zonglei Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine Cardiovascular Medicine, Liaocheng Development Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
| | - Aizhi Dong
- VIP Ward, Shandong Liaocheng No. 2 People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252600, P.R. China
| | - Zerui Feng
- Department of Internal Medicine Cardiovascular Medicine, Shandong Liaocheng No. 2 People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252600, P.R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Internal Medicine Cardiovascular Medicine, Ankang City Central Hospital, Ankang, Shanxi 725000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Li HY, Yang M, Li Z, Meng Z. Curcumin inhibits angiotensin II-induced inflammation and proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells by elevating PPAR-γ activity and reducing oxidative stress. Int J Mol Med 2017; 39:1307-1316. [PMID: 28339005 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.2924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin II (AngII)-induced production of inflammatory factors and proliferation in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play an important role in the progression of atherosclerotic plaques. Growing evidence has demonstrated that activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) effectively attenuates AngII-induced inflammation and intercellular reactive oxygen species (iROS) production. Curcumin (Cur) inhibits inflammatory responses by enhancing PPAR-γ activity and reducing oxidative stress in various tissues. The aim of the present study was to ascertain whether Cur inhibits AngII-induced inflammation and proliferation, and its underlying molecular mechanism, in VSMCs. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and real-time PCR were used to measure the protein and mRNA expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Nitric oxide (NO) production was measured by Griess reaction. Western blot analysis and a DNA-binding assay were used to measure PPAR-γ activity. iROS production was measured using the DCFH-DA method. In rat VSMCs, Cur attenuated AngII‑induced expression of IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA and protein in a concentration-dependent manner, inhibited NO production by suppressing inducible NO synthase (iNOS) activity, and suppressed proliferation of VSMCs. This was accompanied by increased PPAR-γ expression and activation in Cur-pretreated VSMCs. GW9662, a PPAR-γ antagonist, reversed the anti-inflammatory effect of Cur. Moreover, Cur attenuated AngII-induced oxidative stress by downregulating the expression of p47phox, which is a key subunit of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase. In conclusion, Cur inhibited the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α, decreased the production of NO, and suppressed the proliferation of VSMCs, by elevating PPAR-γ activity and suppressing oxidative stress, leading to attenuated AngII-induced inflammatory responses in VSMCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yu Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Mei Yang
- Department of General Medicine, Renji Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200000, P.R. China
| | - Ze Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Meng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Perilla Oil Reduces Fatty Streak Formation at Aortic Sinus via Attenuation of Plasma Lipids and Regulation of Nitric Oxide Synthase in ApoE KO Mice. Lipids 2016; 51:1161-1170. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-016-4188-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
32
|
Wang YL, Sun GY, Zhang Y, He JJ, Zheng S, Lin JN. Tormentic acid inhibits H2O2-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in rat vascular smooth muscle cells via inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:3559-64. [PMID: 27572426 PMCID: PMC5042725 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tormentic acid (TA) is a triterpene isolated from the stem bark of the plant Vochysia divergens and has been reported to exhibit anticancer, anti‑inflammatory and anti‑atherogenic properties. However, the functions of TA in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)‑induced oxidative stress and inflammation in rat vascular smooth muscle cells (RVSMCs) remain unclear. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate whether TA suppressed H2O2‑induced oxidative stress and inflammation in RVSMCs, and to determine its molecular mechanisms. The present study demonstrated that TA inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, induced H2O2 in RVSMCs, and inhibited H2O2-induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and NADPH oxidase (NOX) in RVSMCs. In addition, TA significantly decreased the production of tumor necrosis factor‑α (TNF‑α), interleukin 6 (IL‑6) and IL‑1β. Furthermore, TA pretreatment prevented nuclear factor‑κB (NF‑κB) subunit p65 phosphorylation and NF‑κB inhibitor α (IκBα) degradation induced by H2O2 in RVSMCs. TA is, therefore, suggested to inhibit H2O2-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in RVSMCs via inhibition of the NF‑κB signaling pathway. TA may have potential as a pharmacological agent in the prevention or treatment of atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lun Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, People's Hospital of Tianjin City, Tianjin 300121, P.R. China
| | - Gen-Yi Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin 300131, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin 300131, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Jun He
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hongqiao Hospital of Tianjin City, Tianjin 300051, P.R. China
| | - Shen Zheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hongqiao Hospital of Tianjin City, Tianjin 300051, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Na Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, People's Hospital of Tianjin City, Tianjin 300121, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Mori Y, Chiang S, Bendeck MP, Giacca A. Insulin decreases atherosclerotic plaque burden and increases plaque stability via nitric oxide synthase in apolipoprotein E-null mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2016; 311:E335-45. [PMID: 27221119 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00320.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
It has been argued whether insulin accelerates or prevents atherosclerosis. Although results from in vitro studies have been conflicting, recent in vivo mice studies demonstrated antiatherogenic effects of insulin. Insulin is a known activator of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS), leading to increased production of NO, which has potent antiatherogenic effects. We aimed to examine the role of NOS in the protective effects of insulin against atherosclerosis. Male apolipoprotein E-null mice (8 wk old) fed a high-cholesterol diet (1.25% cholesterol) were assigned to the following 12-wk treatments: control, insulin (0.05 U/day via subcutaneous pellet), N(ω)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (l-NAME, via drinking water at 100 mg/l), and insulin plus l-NAME. Insulin reduced atherosclerotic plaque burden in the descending aorta by 42% compared with control (plaque area/aorta lumen area: control, 16.5 ± 1.9%; insulin, 9.6 ± 1.3%, P < 0.05). Although insulin did not decrease plaque burden in the aortic sinus, macrophage accumulation in the plaque was decreased by insulin. Furthermore, insulin increased smooth muscle actin and collagen content and decreased plaque necrosis, consistent with increased plaque stability. In addition, insulin treatment increased plasma NO levels, decreased inducible NOS staining, and tended to increase phosphorylated vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein staining in the plaques of the aortic sinus. All these effects of insulin were abolished by coadministration of l-NAME, whereas l-NAME alone showed no effect. Insulin also tended to increase phosphorylated endothelial NOS and total neuronal NOS staining, effects not modified by l-NAME. In conclusion, we demonstrate that insulin treatment decreases atherosclerotic plaque burden and increases plaque stability through NOS-dependent mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusaku Mori
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Simon Chiang
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michelle P Bendeck
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research TBEP/ University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Adria Giacca
- Department of Physiology and Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Proatherosclerotic Effect of the α1-Subunit of Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase by Promoting Smooth Muscle Phenotypic Switching. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:2220-2231. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
35
|
Aarup A, Pedersen TX, Junker N, Christoffersen C, Bartels ED, Madsen M, Nielsen CH, Nielsen LB. Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α Expression in Macrophages Promotes Development of Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:1782-90. [PMID: 27444197 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.307830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Atherosclerotic lesions contain hypoxic areas, but the pathophysiological importance of hypoxia is unknown. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a key transcription factor in cellular responses to hypoxia. We investigated the hypothesis that HIF-1α has effects on macrophage biology that promotes atherogenesis in mice. APPROACH AND RESULTS Studies with molecular probes, immunostaining, and laser microdissection of aortas revealed abundant hypoxic, HIF-1α-expressing macrophages in murine atherosclerotic lesions. To investigate the significance of macrophage HIF-1α, Ldlr(-/-) mice were transplanted with bone marrow from mice with HIF-1α deficiency in the myeloid cells or control bone marrow. The HIF-1α deficiency in myeloid cells reduced atherosclerosis in aorta of the Ldlr(-/-) recipient mice by ≈72% (P=0.006).In vitro, HIF-1α-deficient macrophages displayed decreased differentiation to proinflammatory M1 macrophages and reduced expression of inflammatory genes. HIF-1α deficiency also affected glucose uptake, apoptosis, and migratory abilities of the macrophages. CONCLUSIONS HIF-1α expression in macrophages affects their intrinsic inflammatory profile and promotes development of atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie Aarup
- From the Department of Biomedical Sciences (A.A., T.X.P., N.J., C.C., M.M., C.H.N., L.B.N.) and Department of Clinical Medicine (L.B.N.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark (C.C., E.D.B., L.B.N.)
| | - Tanja X Pedersen
- From the Department of Biomedical Sciences (A.A., T.X.P., N.J., C.C., M.M., C.H.N., L.B.N.) and Department of Clinical Medicine (L.B.N.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark (C.C., E.D.B., L.B.N.)
| | - Nanna Junker
- From the Department of Biomedical Sciences (A.A., T.X.P., N.J., C.C., M.M., C.H.N., L.B.N.) and Department of Clinical Medicine (L.B.N.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark (C.C., E.D.B., L.B.N.)
| | - Christina Christoffersen
- From the Department of Biomedical Sciences (A.A., T.X.P., N.J., C.C., M.M., C.H.N., L.B.N.) and Department of Clinical Medicine (L.B.N.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark (C.C., E.D.B., L.B.N.)
| | - Emil D Bartels
- From the Department of Biomedical Sciences (A.A., T.X.P., N.J., C.C., M.M., C.H.N., L.B.N.) and Department of Clinical Medicine (L.B.N.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark (C.C., E.D.B., L.B.N.)
| | - Marie Madsen
- From the Department of Biomedical Sciences (A.A., T.X.P., N.J., C.C., M.M., C.H.N., L.B.N.) and Department of Clinical Medicine (L.B.N.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark (C.C., E.D.B., L.B.N.)
| | - Carsten H Nielsen
- From the Department of Biomedical Sciences (A.A., T.X.P., N.J., C.C., M.M., C.H.N., L.B.N.) and Department of Clinical Medicine (L.B.N.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark (C.C., E.D.B., L.B.N.)
| | - Lars B Nielsen
- From the Department of Biomedical Sciences (A.A., T.X.P., N.J., C.C., M.M., C.H.N., L.B.N.) and Department of Clinical Medicine (L.B.N.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark (C.C., E.D.B., L.B.N.).
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Wang Y, Pati P, Xu Y, Chen F, Stepp DW, Huo Y, Rudic RD, Fulton DJR. Endotoxin Disrupts Circadian Rhythms in Macrophages via Reactive Oxygen Species. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155075. [PMID: 27168152 PMCID: PMC4863972 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock is a transcriptional network that functions to regulate the expression of genes important in the anticipation of changes in cellular and organ function. Recent studies have revealed that the recognition of pathogens and subsequent initiation of inflammatory responses are strongly regulated by a macrophage-intrinsic circadian clock. We hypothesized that the circadian pattern of gene expression might be influenced by inflammatory stimuli and that loss of circadian function in immune cells can promote pro-inflammatory behavior. To investigate circadian rhythms in inflammatory cells, peritoneal macrophages were isolated from mPer2luciferase transgenic mice and circadian oscillations were studied in response to stimuli. Using Cosinor analysis, we found that LPS significantly altered the circadian period in peritoneal macrophages from mPer2luciferase mice while qPCR data suggested that the pattern of expression of the core circadian gene (Bmal1) was disrupted. Inhibition of TLR4 offered protection from the LPS-induced impairment in rhythm, suggesting a role for toll-like receptor signaling. To explore the mechanisms involved, we inhibited LPS-stimulated NO and superoxide. Inhibition of NO synthesis with L-NAME had no effect on circadian rhythms. In contrast, inhibition of superoxide with Tempol or PEG-SOD ameliorated the LPS-induced changes in circadian periodicity. In gain of function experiments, we found that overexpression of NOX5, a source of ROS, could significantly disrupt circadian function in a circadian reporter cell line (U2OS) whereas iNOS overexpression, a source of NO, was ineffective. To assess whether alteration of circadian rhythms influences macrophage function, peritoneal macrophages were isolated from Bmal1-KO and Per-TKO mice. Compared to WT macrophages, macrophages from circadian knockout mice exhibited altered balance between NO and ROS release, increased uptake of oxLDL and increased adhesion and migration. These results suggest that pro-inflammatory stimuli can disrupt circadian rhythms in macrophages and that impaired circadian rhythms may contribute to cardiovascular diseases by altering macrophage behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusi Wang
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Paramita Pati
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Yiming Xu
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Feng Chen
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - David W. Stepp
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Yuqing Huo
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - R. Daniel Rudic
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DF); (RDR)
| | - David J. R. Fulton
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DF); (RDR)
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Lee J, Choi JW, Sohng JK, Pandey RP, Park YI. The immunostimulating activity of quercetin 3-O-xyloside in murine macrophages via activation of the ASK1/MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 31:88-97. [PMID: 26709074 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Quercetin is a natural plant flavonoid that has been reported to possess a wide range of beneficial health effects, including anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities. Glycosylation of natural flavonoids with various sugar moieties can affect their physical, chemical, and biological properties. In this study, quercetin 3-O-xyloside (Quer-xyl) was enzymatically synthesized, and the immunomodulatory activities of quercetin and Quer-xyl were evaluated and compared. The results showed that Quer-xyl more effectively induced the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 than quercetin by 2.5 and 1.5-fold, respectively. Quer-xyl dose-dependently induced the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and increased the production of nitric oxide (NO) 1.3-fold more than quercetin. Quer-xyl also increased the phosphorylation of ASK1 and MAPKs (JNK and p38). Treatment with NQDI-1 (an inhibitor of ASK1) significantly attenuated the Quer-xyl-induced up-regulation of TNF-α secretion. The activation and subsequent nuclear translocation of NF-κB were substantially enhanced upon treatment with Quer-xyl (2.5-20 μM), while NQDI-1 treatment blocked the nuclear translocation of NF-κB. These results demonstrated that Quer-xyl can enhance the early innate immunity more effectively than quercetin by activating macrophages to secrete TNF-α and IL-6 through up-regulation of the redox-dependent ASK1/MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway, suggesting for the first time that Quer-xyl may represent a new immunostimulator.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jisun Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, 420-743, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, 420-743, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kyung Sohng
- Institute of Biomolecule Reconstruction, Department of BT-Convergent Pharmaceutical Engineering, Sun Moon University, Chungnam, 336-708, Republic of Korea
| | - Ramesh Prasad Pandey
- Institute of Biomolecule Reconstruction, Department of BT-Convergent Pharmaceutical Engineering, Sun Moon University, Chungnam, 336-708, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Il Park
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, 420-743, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Park SH, Sung YY, Nho KJ, Kim HK. Protective activity ethanol extract of the fruits of Illicium verum against atherogenesis in apolipoprotein E knockout mice. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 15:232. [PMID: 26174316 PMCID: PMC4501282 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0750-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Illicium verum Hook. fil. Illiciaceae (Illicium v.) has been traditionally used in herbal medicine for treating many inflammatory diseases, including skin inflammation and rheumatism. We investigated its use as a preventive agent against inflammatory and vascular diseases in a murine model of atherosclerosis using apolipoprotein E-knockout (ApoE(-/-)) mice fed on a high-fat diet (HFD). METHODS We investigated the effect of Illicium v. on cytotoxicity, NF-κB activity, and adhesion molecule expression in TNF-α--stimulated HASMCs (Human Aortic smooth muscle cells). ApoE(-/-)mice, fed a HFD and treated daily for 12 weeks by oral administration of either Illicium v. (100 or 200 mg/kg) or atorvastatin (10 mg/kg), were evaluated for atherosclerotic lesions and inflammatory responses by performing Oil red O and iNOS staining, respectively. Expression of inflammatory cytokines (i.e., NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β, COX, IκB-α, Iκκ-α/β) and adhesion molecules in the aorta were measured by western blot analysis. RESULTS In TNF-α-stimulated HASMCs, Illicium v. treatment decreased NF-κB transcriptional activity, and NF-κB protein levels were reduced in a dose-dependent manner over a range of 10-100 μg/mL Illicium v. Also, Illicium v. attenuated the expression of adhesion molecules that are responsible for inflammation in these cells. In animal experiments, treatment with Illicium v. or atorvastatin counteracted the characteristic changes in body weight, blood pressure, and lipid levels seen in HFD-fed ApoE(-/-) mice. In addition, Illicium v. treatment reduced aortic atherosclerotic plaque lesions and the immunoreactivity of iNOS activation. The aortic expression of inflammatory adhesion molecules and cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, NF-κB, COX, IκB-α, Iκκ-α/β), which is characteristic of HFD-fed ApoE(-/-) mice, was attenuated by 12-week treatment with daily oral administration of Illicium v. or atorvastatin, and the most potent effect was seen with the herbal tincture. CONCLUSIONS The beneficial effects of Illicium v. are consistent with a significant decrease in the iNOS-mediated inflammatory response, resulting in reduction of inflammation-associated gene expression. Treatment with Illicium v. may be the basis of a novel therapeutic strategy for hyperlipidemia-atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sun Haeng Park
- Mibyeong Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-811, South Korea
| | - Yoon-Young Sung
- Mibyeong Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-811, South Korea
| | - Kyoung Jin Nho
- Mibyeong Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-811, South Korea
| | - Ho Kyoung Kim
- Mibyeong Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-811, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Eriksson L, Nyström T. Antidiabetic agents and endothelial dysfunction - beyond glucose control. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2015; 117:15-25. [PMID: 25827165 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is rapidly increasing worldwide, and the number of patients suffering from diabetes is projected to rise by 50% over the next 25 years, then affecting almost 600 million adults. Type 2 diabetes comprises 90-95% of all people with diabetes, and they constitute a patient group that carries a high burden of cardiovascular disease. The relationship between hyperglycaemia and macrovascular complications is still uncertain, at least in terms of the possibility of reducing cardiovascular events solely by improving glycaemic control. This MiniReview has thus focused on the effect of common antidiabetic agents, with emphasis on glucagon-like peptide-1, on the endothelial cells of the vasculature. Patients with type 2 diabetes suffer a two to four times higher risk of myocardial infarction and stroke than healthy persons. In addition to this, patients with diabetes have an increased atherosclerotic burden. Endothelial dysfunction is thought to be an early and important predictor of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, and in people with type 2 diabetes, endothelial dysfunction is a common finding. It is therefore of importance to consider whether drugs used within the clinical management of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) exert direct and positive effects on the vasculature independent of their glucose-lowering ability. This might serve to limit the adverse consequences of the macrovascular complications of T2DM, as dysfunction of endothelial cells is believed to contribute to a premature development of atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linnéa Eriksson
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Thomas Nyström
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm South Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Meng S, Fang P, Yang X, Wang H. Monocytes and Macrophages in Atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118828533.ch12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
41
|
Kim JH, Kim YS, Hwang JW, Han YK, Lee JS, Kim SK, Jeon YJ, Moon SH, Jeon BT, Bahk YY, Park PJ. Sulfated chitosan oligosaccharides suppress LPS-induced NO production via JNK and NF-κB inactivation. Molecules 2014; 19:18232-47. [PMID: 25387351 PMCID: PMC6271491 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191118232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Various biological effects have been reported for sulfated chitosan oligosaccharides, but the molecular mechanisms of action of their anti-inflammatory effects are still unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of sulfated chitosan oligosaccharides and to elucidate the possible mechanisms of action. The results showed that pretreated low molecular weight sulfated chitosan oligosaccharides inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO) and inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW264.7 cells. The sulfated chitosan oligosaccharides also suppressed inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), phosphorylation of JNK and translocation of p65, a subunit of NF-κB, into the nucleus by inhibiting degradation of IκB-α. Our investigation suggests sulfated chitosan oligosaccharides inhibit IL-6/TNF-α in LPS-induced macrophages, regulated by mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) pathways dependent on NF-κB activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea
| | - Yon-Suk Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Hwang
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea
| | - Young-Ki Han
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea
| | - Jung-Suck Lee
- Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea
| | - Se-Kwon Kim
- Specialized Graduate School & Technology Convergence, Department of Marine-Bio Convergence Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Korea
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Moon
- Korea Nokyong Research Center, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea
| | - Byong-Tae Jeon
- Korea Nokyong Research Center, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea
| | - Young Yil Bahk
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea.
| | - Pyo-Jam Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Meijerink J, Poland M, Balvers MGJ, Plastina P, Lute C, Dwarkasing J, van Norren K, Witkamp RF. Inhibition of COX-2-mediated eicosanoid production plays a major role in the anti-inflammatory effects of the endocannabinoid N-docosahexaenoylethanolamine (DHEA) in macrophages. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 172:24-37. [PMID: 24780080 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE N-docosahexaenoylethanolamine (DHEA) is the ethanolamine conjugate of the long-chain polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic (DHA; 22: 6n-3). Its concentration in animal tissues and human plasma increases when diets rich in fish or krill oil are consumed. DHEA displays anti-inflammatory properties in vitro and was found to be released during an inflammatory response in mice. Here, we further examine possible targets involved in the immune-modulating effects of DHEA. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Antagonists for cannabinoid (CB)1 and CB2 receptors and PPARγ were used to explore effects of DHEA on NO release by LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. The possible involvement of CB2 receptors was studied by comparing effects in LPS-stimulated peritoneal macrophages obtained from CB2 (-/-) and CB2 (+/+) mice. Effects on NF-κB activation were determined using a reporter cell line. To study DHEA effects on COX-2 and lipoxygenase activity, 21 different eicosanoids produced by LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells were quantified by LC-MS/MS. Finally, effects on mRNA expression profiles were analysed using gene arrays followed by Ingenuity(®) Pathways Analysis. KEY RESULTS CB1 and CB2 receptors or PPARs were not involved in the effects of DHEA on NO release. NF-κB and IFN-β, key elements of the myeloid differentiation primary response protein D88 (MyD88)-dependent and MyD88-independent pathways were not decreased. By contrast, DHEA significantly reduced levels of several COX-2-derived eicosanoids. Gene expression analysis provided support for an effect on COX-2-mediated pathways. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our findings suggest that the anti-inflammatory effects of DHEA in macrophages predominantly take place via inhibition of eicosanoids produced through COX-2. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Cannabinoids 2013 published in volume 171 issue 6. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.2014.171.issue-6/issuetoc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jocelijn Meijerink
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Protective vascular and cardiac effects of inducible nitric oxide synthase in mice with hyperhomocysteinemia. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107734. [PMID: 25226386 PMCID: PMC4167199 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet-induced hyperhomocysteinemia produces endothelial and cardiac dysfunction and promotes thrombosis through a mechanism proposed to involve oxidative stress. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is upregulated in hyperhomocysteinemia and can generate superoxide. We therefore tested the hypothesis that iNOS mediates the adverse oxidative, vascular, thrombotic, and cardiac effects of hyperhomocysteinemia. Mice deficient in iNOS (Nos2-/-) and their wild-type (Nos2+/+) littermates were fed a high methionine/low folate (HM/LF) diet to induce mild hyperhomocysteinemia, with a 2-fold increase in plasma total homocysteine (P<0.001 vs. control diet). Hyperhomocysteinemic Nos2+/+ mice exhibited endothelial dysfunction in cerebral arterioles, with impaired dilatation to acetylcholine but not nitroprusside, and enhanced susceptibility to carotid artery thrombosis, with shortened times to occlusion following photochemical injury (P<0.05 vs. control diet). Nos2-/- mice had decreased rather than increased dilatation responses to acetylcholine (P<0.05 vs. Nos2+/+ mice). Nos2-/- mice fed control diet also exhibited shortened times to thrombotic occlusion (P<0.05 vs. Nos2+/+ mice), and iNOS deficiency failed to protect from endothelial dysfunction or accelerated thrombosis in mice with hyperhomocysteinemia. Deficiency of iNOS did not alter myocardial infarct size in mice fed the control diet but significantly increased infarct size and cardiac superoxide production in mice fed the HM/LF diet (P<0.05 vs. Nos2+/+ mice). These findings suggest that endogenous iNOS protects from, rather than exacerbates, endothelial dysfunction, thrombosis, and hyperhomocysteinemia-associated myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. In the setting of mild hyperhomocysteinemia, iNOS functions to blunt cardiac oxidative stress rather than functioning as a source of superoxide.
Collapse
|
44
|
Bendall JK, Douglas G, McNeill E, Channon KM, Crabtree MJ. Tetrahydrobiopterin in cardiovascular health and disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:3040-77. [PMID: 24294830 PMCID: PMC4038990 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) functions as a cofactor for several important enzyme systems, and considerable evidence implicates BH4 as a key regulator of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in the setting of cardiovascular health and disease. BH4 bioavailability is determined by a balance of enzymatic de novo synthesis and recycling, versus degradation in the setting of oxidative stress. Augmenting vascular BH4 levels by pharmacological supplementation has been shown in experimental studies to enhance NO bioavailability. However, it has become more apparent that the role of BH4 in other enzymatic pathways, including other NOS isoforms and the aromatic amino acid hydroxylases, may have a bearing on important aspects of vascular homeostasis, inflammation, and cardiac function. This article reviews the role of BH4 in cardiovascular development and homeostasis, as well as in pathophysiological processes such as endothelial and vascular dysfunction, atherosclerosis, inflammation, and cardiac hypertrophy. We discuss the therapeutic potential of BH4 in cardiovascular disease states and attempt to address how this modulator of intracellular NO-redox balance may ultimately provide a powerful new treatment for many cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K Bendall
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford , John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Lou Y, Zhang G, Geng M, Zhang W, Cui J, Liu S. TIPE2 negatively regulates inflammation by switching arginine metabolism from nitric oxide synthase to arginase. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96508. [PMID: 24806446 PMCID: PMC4013027 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
TIPE2, the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-induced protein 8-like 2 (TNFAIP8L2), plays an essential role in maintaining immune homeostasis. It is highly expressed in macrophages and negatively regulates inflammation through inhibiting Toll-like receptor signaling. In this paper, we utilized RAW264.7 cells stably transfected with a TIPE2 expression plasmid, as well as TIPE2-deficient macrophages to study the roles of TIPE2 in LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) and urea production. The results showed that TIPE2-deficiency significantly upregulated the levels of iNOS expression and NO production in LPS-stimulated macrophages, but decreased mRNA levels of arginase I and urea production. However, TIPE2 overexpression in macrophages was capable of downregulating protein levels of LPS-induced iNOS and NO, but generated greater levels of arginase I and urea production. Furthermore, TIPE2−/− mice had higher iNOS protein levels in lung and liver and higher plasma NO concentrations, but lower levels of liver arginase I compared to LPS-treated WT controls. Interestingly, significant increases in IκB degradation and phosphorylation of JNK, p38, and IκB were observed in TIPE2-deficient macrophages following LPS challenge. These results strongly suggest that TIPE2 plays an important role in shifting L-arginase metabolism from production of NO to urea, during host inflammatory response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunwei Lou
- Department of Immunology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Ji'nan, P.R. China
| | - Guizhong Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Ji'nan, P.R. China
| | - Minghong Geng
- Department of Immunology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Ji'nan, P.R. China
| | - Wenqian Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Ji'nan, P.R. China
| | - Jian Cui
- Department of Immunology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Ji'nan, P.R. China
| | - Suxia Liu
- Department of Immunology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Ji'nan, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Pirdel L, Pirdel M. Role of iron overload-induced macrophage apoptosis in the pathogenesis of peritoneal endometriosis. Reproduction 2014; 147:R199-207. [PMID: 24599836 DOI: 10.1530/rep-13-0552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This article presents an overview of the involvement of iron overload-induced nitric oxide (NO) overproduction in apoptosis of peritoneal macrophages of women with endometriosis. We have postulated that the peritoneal iron overload originated from retrograde menstruation or bleeding lesions in the ectopic endometrium, which may contribute to the development of endometriosis by a wide range of mechanisms, including oxidative damage and chronic inflammation. Excessive NO production may also be associated with impaired clearance of endometrial cells by macrophages, which promotes cell growth in the peritoneal cavity. Therefore, further research of the mechanisms and consequences of macrophage apoptosis in endometriosis helps discover novel therapeutic strategies that are designed to prevent progression of endometriosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Pirdel
- Department of ImmunologyFaculty of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil Branch, Ardabil 5615731567, IranDepartment of MidwiferyIslamic Azad University, Astara Branch, Astara, Iran
| | - Manijeh Pirdel
- Department of ImmunologyFaculty of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil Branch, Ardabil 5615731567, IranDepartment of MidwiferyIslamic Azad University, Astara Branch, Astara, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
Ischemic diseases are a leading cause of death worldwide. It is becoming increasingly appreciated that atherosclerosis is a major cause of ischemia reperfusion. Hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis, and is associated with an increased incidence of ischemia reperfusion. Furthermore, elevated cholesterol levels exacerbate the vascular responses to ischemia-reperfusion, which intensifies the resulting organ dysfunction. One of the underlying features of both ischemia-reperfusion injury and hypercholesterolemia is the proinflammatory and prothrombogenic phenotype invoked in the microvasculature. This is manifested as an endothelial dysfunction, characterized by leukocyte and platelet recruitment, oxidative stress and angiotensin II receptor Type 1a activation. These common pathways of inflammation offer attractive targets for the development of drugs to combat cardiovascular disease and the associated ischemic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Y Stokes
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Koltsova EK, Hedrick CC, Ley K. Myeloid cells in atherosclerosis: a delicate balance of anti-inflammatory and proinflammatory mechanisms. Curr Opin Lipidol 2013; 24:371-80. [PMID: 24005215 PMCID: PMC4939820 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0b013e328363d298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Atherosclerosis is chronic disease, whose progression is orchestrated by the balance between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Various myeloid cells, including monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells and neutrophils can be found in normal and atherosclerotic aortas, in which they regulate inflammation and progression of atherosclerosis. The lineage relationship between blood monocyte subsets and the various phenotypes and functions of myeloid cells in diseased aortas is under active investigation. RECENT FINDINGS Various subsets of myeloid cells play diverse roles in atherosclerosis. This review discusses new findings in phenotypic and functional characterization of different subsets of macrophages, in part determined by the transcription factors IRF5 and Trib1, and dendritic cells, characterized by the transcription factor Zbtb46, in atherosclerosis. SUMMARY Improved understanding proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of macrophages and dendritic cell functions is needed for better preventive and therapeutic measures in atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina K Koltsova
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Ying X, Yu K, Chen X, Chen H, Hong J, Cheng S, Peng L. Piperine inhibits LPS induced expression of inflammatory mediators in RAW 264.7 cells. Cell Immunol 2013; 285:49-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2013] [Revised: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
50
|
Madamanchi NR, Runge MS. Redox signaling in cardiovascular health and disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 61:473-501. [PMID: 23583330 PMCID: PMC3883979 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Spatiotemporal regulation of the activity of a vast array of intracellular proteins and signaling pathways by reactive oxygen species (ROS) governs normal cardiovascular function. However, data from experimental and animal studies strongly support that dysregulated redox signaling, resulting from hyperactivation of various cellular oxidases or mitochondrial dysfunction, is integral to the pathogenesis and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD). In this review, we address how redox signaling modulates the protein function, the various sources of increased oxidative stress in CVD, and the labyrinth of redox-sensitive molecular mechanisms involved in the development of atherosclerosis, hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure, and ischemia-reperfusion injury. Advances in redox biology and pharmacology for inhibiting ROS production in specific cell types and subcellular organelles combined with the development of nanotechnology-based new in vivo imaging systems and targeted drug delivery mechanisms may enable fine-tuning of redox signaling for the treatment and prevention of CVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nageswara R Madamanchi
- McAllister Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Marschall S Runge
- McAllister Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| |
Collapse
|