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Xue ZX, Gao YS, Wu XL. Suppression of the CD28/B7 pathway reduces the occurrence and development of myasthenia gravis and cytokine levels. Int J Neurosci 2021; 131:854-863. [PMID: 32419569 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1759587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an antibody-mediated, autoimmune neuromuscular disease. Reports have indicated that the CD28/B7 ligand interactions play a crucial role during primary immune responses. Hence, the aim of the present study was to investigate the possible effects of the CD28/B7 pathway on the occurrence and development of MG and its associated cytokine factors. METHODS An experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) was initially established by immunization of Lewis rats with acetylcholine receptor (AChR) α97-116 peptide. Then the rats were treated with dexamethasone and CTLA4-Ig (used for inhibiting the CD28/B7 pathway). Serum levels of AChR IgG and AChR IgG2b were then detected using ELISA. The clinical features, muscle contraction function, AChR content, expression of CD28, CTLA4, B7.1 and B7.2 in mononuclear cells of peripheral blood and the secretion of cytokines (INF-γ, IL-2, IL-10 and IL-12) in serum of rats were measured. Finally, lymphocyte proliferation upon CTLA4 IgG treatment was examined in vitro. RESULTS Inhibition of the CD28/B7 pathway and dexamethasone were found to significantly improve clinical symptoms of EAMG rats, reduce serum levels of AChR IgG, AChR IgG2b, INF-γ, IL-2, IL-10 and IL-12, the expression of CD28, CTLA4, B7.1 and B7.2 in mononuclear cells of peripheral blood, and enhance muscle contraction function and AChR content in the muscle in vivo. Meanwhile, CTLA4 IgG could abolish the increased lymphocyte proliferation following AChR stimulation in vitro. CONCLUSION Overall, the suppression of the CD28/B7 pathway by CTLA4-Ig can have the potential to retard the occurrence and development of MG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan-Xia Xue
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Shan Gao
- Department of Thoracic-Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Liang Wu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, P. R. China
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2
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Hocaoğlu M, Durmuş H, Özkan B, Yentür SP, Doğan Ö, Parman Y, Deymeer F, Saruhan-Direskeneli G. Increased costimulatory molecule expression of thymic and peripheral B cells and a sensitivity to IL-21 in myasthenia gravis. J Neuroimmunol 2018; 323:36-42. [PMID: 30196831 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
B cells may contribute to the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis with anti-acetylcholine antibodies (AChR+ MG) by co-stimulation or selection of T cells. In this study, we investigated costimulatory molecules on B cells in the blood and in the thymus as well as by TLR9 and IL-21 stimulations in AChR+ MG patients with or without immunosuppressive treatment and controls. CD80 and CD86 expression on B cells was increased in the peripheral blood and in the thymus of untreated patients. CD86 was further amplified by IL-21. A role for activated B cells, active thymic environment and IL-21 is implicated in MG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Hocaoğlu
- Department of Physiology, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hacer Durmuş
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Berker Özkan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sibel P Yentür
- Department of Physiology, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Öner Doğan
- Department of Pathology, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yeşim Parman
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Feza Deymeer
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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3
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Shi Q, Gao ZY, Xie F, Wang LF, Gu YP, Yang TJ, Huang L, Qian QH, Qiu YH. A novel monoclonal antibody against human CD80 and its immune protection in a mouse lupus-like disease. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2011; 24:583-93. [PMID: 21978690 DOI: 10.1177/039463201102400304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Blockade of the interactions between CD28/CTLA-4 and their ligands, CD80 (B7, B7.1)/CD86 (B70, B7.2), is an attractive means to induce antigen-specific peripheral tolerance in autoimmune disease and organ transplantation. In this study, we generated and characterized a monoclonal antibody (Clone 4E5) against human CD80. 4E5 could recognize both human and mouse CD80 and suppress mixed lymphocyte reaction in vitro. To investigate their potency for clinical use, we further administrated 4E5 to a mouse lupus-like disease model (C57BL/J6) induced by Pristane. 4E5 could inhibit the immune response and attenuate the severity of lupus-like disease. The data showed 4E5 function and suggested that blockade of CD80/CD28 co-stimulatory signal pathway with 4E5 is a promising strategy to decelerate the progression of lupus-like disease and other autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Shi
- Orthopedic Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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4
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Bam M, Bagchi T. Absence of Tyrosinase-Related Protein-2/Dopachrome Tautomerase Transcripts in PBMCs from Vitiligo Patients. Scand J Immunol 2009; 69:366-73. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2009.02228.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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5
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Hansen JD, Pasquier LD, Lefranc MP, Lopez V, Benmansour A, Boudinot P. The B7 family of immunoregulatory receptors: A comparative and evolutionary perspective. Mol Immunol 2009; 46:457-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2008.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2008] [Accepted: 10/09/2008] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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6
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Sommer N, Tackenberg B, Hohlfeld R. The immunopathogenesis of myasthenia gravis. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2008; 91:169-212. [PMID: 18631843 DOI: 10.1016/s0072-9752(07)01505-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Sommer
- Clinical Neuroimmunology Group, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
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7
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8
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Kawano A, Shimoda S, Kamihira T, Ishikawa F, Niiro H, Soejima Y, Taketomi A, Maehara Y, Nakamura M, Komori A, Migita K, Ishibashi H, Azuma M, Gershwin ME, Harada M. Peripheral tolerance and the qualitative characteristics of autoreactive T cell clones in primary biliary cirrhosis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 179:3315-24. [PMID: 17709548 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.5.3315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Primary biliary cirrhosis is characterized by autoreactive T cells specific for the mitochondrial Ag PDC-E2(163-176). We studied the ability of eight T cell clones (TCC) specific for PDC-E2(163-176) to proliferate or become anergic in the presence of costimulation signals. TCC were stimulated with either human PDC-E2(163-176), an Escherichia coli 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase mimic (OGDC-E2(34-47)), or analogs with amino acid substitutions using HLA-matched allogeneic PBMC or mouse L-DR53 fibroblasts as APC. Based on their differential responses to these peptides (human PDC-E2(163-176), E. coli OGDC-E2(34-47)) in the different APC systems, TCC were classified as costimulation dependent or independent. Only costimulation-dependent TCC could become anergic. TCC with costimulation-dependent responses to OGDC-E2 become anergic to PDC-E2 when preincubated with mimic, even if costimulation is independent for PDC-E2(163-176). Anergic TCC produced IL-10. One selected TCC could not become anergic after preincubation with PDC-E2(163-176)-pulsed L-DR53 but became anergic using L-DR53 pulsed with PDC-E2 peptide analogs with a substitution at a critical TCR binding site. TCC that only respond to peptide-pulsed PBMC, but not L-DR53, proliferate with peptide-pulsed CD80/CD86-transfected L-DR53; however, anergy was not induced with peptide-pulsed L-DR53 transfected with only CD80 or CD86. These data highlight that costimulation plays a dominant role in maintaining peripheral tolerance to PBC-specific Ags. They further suggest that, under specific circumstances, molecular mimicry of an autoantigen may restore rather than break peripheral tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Kawano
- Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
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9
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Fostieri E, Kostelidou K, Poulas K, Tzartos SJ. Recent advances in the understanding and therapy of myasthenia gravis. FUTURE NEUROLOGY 2006. [DOI: 10.2217/14796708.1.6.799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a T-cell dependent autoimmune disease mediated by autoantibodies, which mainly target muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChR) and cause loss of functional AChRs in the neuromuscular junction. Both MG and its major autoantigen are studied extensively, yet the etiology of the disease remains unclear, although it is known to be associated with the thymus. A genetic predisposition, combined with several unidentified environmental stimuli, likely creates a favorable milieu in which the disease can appear. Current research focusses on elucidating the cellular and molecular pathways of immune dysregulation, which underly MG outburst and progression. Considerable progress has been made concerning the involvement of the thymus, the identification of impaired mechanisms of immune control and the B–T-cell interaction in MG pathogenesis, while the role of chemokines arises as an intriguing new puzzle. Recent findings fueled the development of novel therapeutic approaches with some encouraging, although preliminary, results. This review summarizes recent achievements in the fields of both basic research and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efrosini Fostieri
- Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Department of Biochemistry, 127 Vas. Sofias Avenue, 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Kostelidou
- Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Department of Biochemistry, 127 Vas. Sofias Avenue 11521 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Socrates J Tzartos
- Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Department of Biochemistry, 127 Vas. Sofias Avenue, 11521 Athens, Greece and, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
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10
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Tüzün E, Christadoss P. Unraveling myasthenia gravis immunopathogenesis using animal models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ddmod.2006.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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11
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Saudemont A, Jouy N, Hetuin D, Quesnel B. NK cells that are activated by CXCL10 can kill dormant tumor cells that resist CTL-mediated lysis and can express B7-H1 that stimulates T cells. Blood 2005; 105:2428-35. [PMID: 15536145 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2004-09-3458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractTumor dormancy is a phenomenon where small numbers of tumor cells persist in the host for months or years. We previously showed in the DA1-3b/C3H mouse model of acute myeloid leukemia that dormant tumor cells resist cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL)–mediated killing because they overexpress B7-H1. Here, we vaccinated mice with DA1-3b cells transduced with CXCL10. Vaccinated mice developed a strong systemic immunity that led to the cure of established leukemia without persistence of dormant tumor cells. In vivo depletion of natural killer (NK) cells from the mice abrogated the protective effect of the vaccine. Long-term persistent leukemic cells resist CTL-mediated lysis but were killed by NK cells from mice vaccinated with DA1-3b/CXCL10. These NK cells expressed B7-H1. Recombinant CXCL10, CXCL9, CXCL11, and CXCL12 chemokines induced expression of B7-H1 on mouse and human NK cells in vitro. Mouse and human B7-H1+ NK cells induced proliferation of T cells and production of interferon γ and tumor necrosis factor α in vitro, and in vivo blocking of B7-H1 inhibited the protective effect of vaccination. Thus, CXCL10 induces antileukemic immunity, at least partially by stimulating NK cells to express B7-H1+. This antitumor effect is in contrast to the effect of B7-H1 when expressed on tumor cells because it stops cytotoxic lymphocytes from killing those tumor cells.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- B7-1 Antigen/biosynthesis
- B7-1 Antigen/immunology
- B7-H1 Antigen
- Cancer Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Cancer Vaccines/genetics
- Cancer Vaccines/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
- Chemokine CXCL10
- Chemokines, CXC/biosynthesis
- Chemokines, CXC/genetics
- Chemokines, CXC/immunology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic/immunology
- Humans
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- Interferon-gamma/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/immunology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy
- Lymphocyte Depletion
- Membrane Glycoproteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Membrane Glycoproteins/biosynthesis
- Membrane Glycoproteins/immunology
- Mice
- Peptides/antagonists & inhibitors
- Peptides/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/metabolism
- Transduction, Genetic
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/biosynthesis
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/immunology
- Vaccination
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Saudemont
- Institut National de la Santé et de Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité 524, Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille, Lille, France
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12
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Hussain S, Delovitch TL. Dysregulated B7-1 and B7-2 Expression on Nonobese Diabetic Mouse B Cells Is Associated with Increased T Cell Costimulation and the Development of Insulitis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2005; 174:680-7. [PMID: 15634886 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.174.2.680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the pathogenic role of B cell dysfunction in T cell-mediated autoimmune disease. We previously reported that B cell hyper-responsiveness, resistance to apoptosis, and accumulation in islets occur during the onset of insulitis, but not in type 1 diabetes (T1D), in NOD mice. In this study we extended these studies to further determine how islet-infiltrated B cells contribute to this inflammatory insulitis. We demonstrate the presence of an increased percentage of B7-1(+) and a decreased percentage of B7-2(+) B cells in the spleen of autoimmune disease-prone NOD and nonobese diabetes-resistant mice compared with the spleen of nonautoimmune disease-prone C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice. An age-dependent differential expression of B7-1 and B7-2 was associated with the development of insulitis and CD4(+)CD25(+) T cell deficiency in autoimmune disease-prone mice. Whereas BCR and LPS stimulation increased B7-2 expression on B cells from autoimmune disease-prone and nonautoimmune disease-prone mice, LPS-induced B7-1 expression was higher on NOD than C57BL/6 B cells. Interestingly, increased expression of B7-1 and B7-2 was found on islet-infiltrated B cells, and this increase was associated with enhanced T cell costimulation. Islet-infiltrated B cells were shown to be a source of TNF-alpha production in islets. B7 blockade of BCR-stimulated NOD B cells by anti-B7-1 and anti-B7-2 mAbs during coadoptive transfer with diabetogenic T cells into NOD.scid mice protected these recipients from T1D. These results suggest that increased B7-1 and B7-2 expression on islet-infiltrated NOD B cells is associated with increased T cell costimulation and the development of inflammatory insulitis in NOD mice.
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MESH Headings
- Adoptive Transfer
- Animals
- Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Blocking/pharmacology
- Antigens, CD/biosynthesis
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, CD/physiology
- B-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- B-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- B-Lymphocyte Subsets/pathology
- B-Lymphocyte Subsets/transplantation
- B7-1 Antigen/biosynthesis
- B7-1 Antigen/immunology
- B7-1 Antigen/physiology
- B7-2 Antigen
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Cell Movement/immunology
- Cell Proliferation
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/pathology
- Female
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/pharmacology
- Islets of Langerhans/immunology
- Islets of Langerhans/pathology
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Lymphopenia/immunology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/biosynthesis
- Membrane Glycoproteins/immunology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Receptors, Interleukin-2/biosynthesis
- Spleen/immunology
- Spleen/pathology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/pathology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/biosynthesis
- Up-Regulation/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabbir Hussain
- Autoimmunity/Diabetes Group, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
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13
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Yadav D, Judkowski V, Flodstrom-Tullberg M, Sterling L, Redmond WL, Sherman L, Sarvetnick N. B7-2 (CD86) Controls the Priming of Autoreactive CD4 T Cell Response against Pancreatic Islets. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2004; 173:3631-9. [PMID: 15356107 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.173.6.3631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The B7-1/2-CD28 system provides the critical signal for the generation of an efficient T cell response. We investigated the role played by B7-2 in influencing pathogenic autoimmunity from islet-reactive CD4 T cells in B7-2 knockout (KO) NOD mice which are protected from type 1 diabetes. B7-2 deficiency caused a profound diminishment in the generation of spontaneously activated CD4 T cells and islet-specific CD4 T cell expansion. B7-2 does not impact the effector phase of the autoimmune response as adoptive transfer of islet Ag-specific BDC2.5 splenocytes stimulated in vitro could easily induce disease in B7-2KO mice. CD4 T cells showed some hallmarks of hyporesponsiveness because TCR/CD28-mediated stimulation led to defective activation and failure to induce disease in NODscid recipients. Furthermore, CD4 T cells exhibited enhanced death in the absence of B7-2. Interestingly, we found that B7-2 is required to achieve normal levels of CD4+CD25+CD62L+ T regulatory cells because a significant reduction of these T regulatory cells was observed in the thymus but not in the peripheral compartments of B7-2KO mice. In addition, our adoptive transfer experiments did not reveal either pathogenic or regulatory potential associated with the B7-2KO splenocytes. Finally, we found that the lack of B7-2 did not induce a compensatory increase in the B7-1 signal on APC in the PLN compartment. Taken together these results clearly indicate that B7-2 plays a critical role in priming islet-reactive CD4 T cells, suggesting a simplified, two-cell model for the impact of this costimulatory molecule in autoimmunity against islets.
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MESH Headings
- Adoptive Transfer
- Animals
- Antigen-Presenting Cells/immunology
- Antigen-Presenting Cells/metabolism
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/physiology
- Autoantibodies/biosynthesis
- Autoantigens/immunology
- B7-1 Antigen/biosynthesis
- B7-2 Antigen
- CD28 Antigens/immunology
- CD28 Antigens/metabolism
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Cell Division/genetics
- Cell Division/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/prevention & control
- Female
- Interphase/genetics
- Interphase/immunology
- Islets of Langerhans/immunology
- Islets of Langerhans/metabolism
- Islets of Langerhans/pathology
- Lymph Nodes/cytology
- Lymph Nodes/immunology
- Lymph Nodes/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Activation/genetics
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Lymphocyte Count
- Lymphopenia/genetics
- Lymphopenia/immunology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/deficiency
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, SCID
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Receptors, Interleukin-2/biosynthesis
- Spleen/metabolism
- Spleen/pathology
- Spleen/transplantation
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Yadav
- Department of Immunology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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14
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Scott BG, Yang H, Tüzün E, Dong C, Flavell RA, Christadoss P. ICOS is essential for the development of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. J Neuroimmunol 2004; 153:16-25. [PMID: 15265659 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2004.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2004] [Accepted: 04/19/2004] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Lymphocyte costimulation via the inducible costimulatory molecule (ICOS) is required for effective humoral immunity development. Following immunization with Torpedo acetylcholine receptor (AChR), ICOS gene knockout (KO) mice were highly resistant to clinical experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) development, had less serum AChR-specific immunoglobulins (Igs), and exhibited a diminutive germinal center (GC) reaction in secondary lymphoid tissues. Lymphocyte proliferation and both Th1 and Th2 differentiation in response to AChR and the AChR dominant alpha146-162 peptide were inhibited by the ICOS gene deficiency. ICOS-mediated lymphocyte costimulation is thus vital to the induction of T cell-mediated humoral immunity to AChR and the development of clinical EAMG.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibody Formation/immunology
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/physiology
- Cell Count
- Cell Division/physiology
- Complement C3/metabolism
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods
- Flow Cytometry/methods
- Germinal Center/metabolism
- Immunization/methods
- Immunodominant Epitopes/metabolism
- Immunoglobulin Class Switching/physiology
- Immunoglobulin G/metabolism
- Immunohistochemistry/methods
- Inducible T-Cell Co-Stimulator Protein
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Myasthenia Gravis, Autoimmune, Experimental/etiology
- Myasthenia Gravis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Neuromuscular Junction/metabolism
- Peptides/immunology
- Radioimmunoassay/methods
- Receptors, Cholinergic/blood
- Receptors, Cholinergic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Time Factors
- Torpedo
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin G Scott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, 3.142 MRB, Galveston, TX 77555-1070, USA
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15
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Saudemont A, Quesnel B. In a model of tumor dormancy, long-term persistent leukemic cells have increased B7-H1 and B7.1 expression and resist CTL-mediated lysis. Blood 2004; 104:2124-33. [PMID: 15191948 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2004-01-0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In tumor dormancy, tumor cells persist in the host over a long period of time but do not grow. We investigated in the DA1-3b mouse model of acute myeloid leukemia how leukemic cells could persist for months in spite of an effective antileukemic immune response. Mice were immunized with irradiated interleukin 12 (IL12)- or CD154-transduced DA1-3b cells, challenged with wild-type DA1-3b cells, and randomly killed during 1-year follow-up. Quantification of residual disease 1 year after challenge showed that persistent leukemic cells represented less than 0.02% of spleen cells in most animals. These residual cells were still able to kill naive hosts, even when isolated after 1 year of persistence. Persistent leukemic cells were more resistant to specific cytotoxic T-cell (CTL)-mediated killing and had enhanced B7-H1 and B7.1 expression proportional to the time they had persisted in the host. Blocking B7-H1 or B7.1/cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen (CTLA-4) interaction enhanced CTL-mediated killing of the persistent cells, and blocking B7-H1, B7.1, or CTLA-4 in vivo prolonged survival of naive mice injected with persistent leukemic cells. Thus, escape of leukemic cells from tumor immunity via overexpression of B7-H1 or B7.1 might represent a new mechanism of tumor dormancy in acute leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Saudemont
- Unité INSERM 524, Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille, Lille, France
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Tüzün E, Scott BG, Yang H, Wu B, Goluszko E, Guigneaux M, Higgs S, Christadoss P. Circulating Immune Complexes Augment Severity of Antibody-Mediated Myasthenia Gravis in Hypogammaglobulinemic RIIIS/J Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2004; 172:5743-52. [PMID: 15100321 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.172.9.5743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) is severe in RIIIS/J mice, despite a significant B cell immunodeficiency and a massive TCR V beta gene deletion. Severity of EAMG in RIIIS/J mice is greater than MHC-identical (H-2(r)) B10.RIII mice, suggesting the influence of non-MHC genes as an EAMG-potentiating factor in this strain. To delineate the role of deleted TCR V beta genes in RIIIS/J mice, we obtained (RIIIS/J x B10.RIII)F(1) (V beta(b/c)) x RIIIS/J (V beta(c)) backcross mice using Mendelian genetic methods and immunized them with acetylcholine receptor. EAMG susceptibility was not elevated in mice with V beta(c) genotype having 70% V beta gene deletion. Next, we performed microarray analysis on 12,488 spleen cDNAs obtained from spleens of naive RIIIS/J and B10.RIII mice. In RIIIS/J mice, 263 cDNAs were overexpressed and 303 cDNAs were underexpressed greater than 2-fold, compared with B10.RIII mice. TCR gene expression was augmented, whereas NK receptor, C1q, and C3 gene expressions were diminished in RIIIS/J mice. RIIIS/J mice also had increased lymph node T cell counts, elevated serum anti-AChR Ab levels, and serum C3 and C1q-conjugated circulating immune complex levels. A direct correlation between increased serum C1q-conjugated circulating immune complex levels and disease severity was observed in RIIIS/J mice.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/biosynthesis
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/blood
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/physiology
- Agammaglobulinemia/genetics
- Agammaglobulinemia/immunology
- Agammaglobulinemia/pathology
- Animals
- Antigen-Antibody Complex/biosynthesis
- Antigen-Antibody Complex/blood
- Antigen-Antibody Complex/physiology
- Antigens, Surface/analysis
- Autoantibodies/biosynthesis
- Autoantibodies/physiology
- B-Lymphocyte Subsets/pathology
- Complement C1q/biosynthesis
- Complement C3/biosynthesis
- Gene Deletion
- Germinal Center/pathology
- H-2 Antigens/genetics
- Histocompatibility Testing
- Immunoglobulin G/blood
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Count
- Lymphopenia/genetics
- Lymphopenia/immunology
- Lymphopenia/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Myasthenia Gravis, Autoimmune, Experimental/epidemiology
- Myasthenia Gravis, Autoimmune, Experimental/genetics
- Myasthenia Gravis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Myasthenia Gravis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Cholinergic/administration & dosage
- Receptors, Cholinergic/immunology
- Receptors, Immunologic/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, KIR
- Severity of Illness Index
- Spleen/immunology
- Spleen/metabolism
- Spleen/pathology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdem Tüzün
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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