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Jin S, Song Y, Zhou L, Jiang W, Qin L, Wang Y, Yu R, Liu Y, Diao Y, Zhang F, Liu K, Li P, Hu H, Jiang B, Tang W, Yi F, Gong Y, Liu G, Sun G. Depletion of CUL4B in macrophages ameliorates diabetic kidney disease via miR-194-5p/ITGA9 axis. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112550. [PMID: 37224018 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the most prevalent chronic kidney disease. Macrophage infiltration in the kidney is critical for the progression of DKD. However, the underlying mechanism is far from clear. Cullin 4B (CUL4B) is the scaffold protein in CUL4B-RING E3 ligase complexes. Previous studies have shown that depletion of CUL4B in macrophages aggravates lipopolysaccharide-induced peritonitis and septic shock. In this study, using two mouse models for DKD, we demonstrate that myeloid deficiency of CUL4B alleviates diabetes-induced renal injury and fibrosis. In vivo and in vitro analyses reveal that loss of CUL4B suppresses migration, adhesion, and renal infiltration of macrophages. Mechanistically, we show that high glucose upregulates CUL4B in macrophages. CUL4B represses expression of miR-194-5p, which leads to elevated integrin α9 (ITGA9), promoting migration and adhesion. Our study suggests the CUL4B/miR-194-5p/ITGA9 axis as an important regulator for macrophage infiltration in diabetic kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Jin
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yu Song
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Liping Qin
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Ruiqi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yuting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yujie Diao
- Department of Nephrology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Kaixuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Peishan Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Huili Hu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Department of Systems Biomedicine and Research Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Baichun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Fan Yi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yaoqin Gong
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Guangyi Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
| | - Gongping Sun
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
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2
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Pang X, He X, Qiu Z, Zhang H, Xie R, Liu Z, Gu Y, Zhao N, Xiang Q, Cui Y. Targeting integrin pathways: mechanisms and advances in therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:1. [PMID: 36588107 PMCID: PMC9805914 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01259-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrins are considered the main cell-adhesion transmembrane receptors that play multifaceted roles as extracellular matrix (ECM)-cytoskeletal linkers and transducers in biochemical and mechanical signals between cells and their environment in a wide range of states in health and diseases. Integrin functions are dependable on a delicate balance between active and inactive status via multiple mechanisms, including protein-protein interactions, conformational changes, and trafficking. Due to their exposure on the cell surface and sensitivity to the molecular blockade, integrins have been investigated as pharmacological targets for nearly 40 years, but given the complexity of integrins and sometimes opposite characteristics, targeting integrin therapeutics has been a challenge. To date, only seven drugs targeting integrins have been successfully marketed, including abciximab, eptifibatide, tirofiban, natalizumab, vedolizumab, lifitegrast, and carotegrast. Currently, there are approximately 90 kinds of integrin-based therapeutic drugs or imaging agents in clinical studies, including small molecules, antibodies, synthetic mimic peptides, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, imaging agents, etc. A serious lesson from past integrin drug discovery and research efforts is that successes rely on both a deep understanding of integrin-regulatory mechanisms and unmet clinical needs. Herein, we provide a systematic and complete review of all integrin family members and integrin-mediated downstream signal transduction to highlight ongoing efforts to develop new therapies/diagnoses from bench to clinic. In addition, we further discuss the trend of drug development, how to improve the success rate of clinical trials targeting integrin therapies, and the key points for clinical research, basic research, and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocong Pang
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Xu He
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwei Qiu
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Hanxu Zhang
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Ran Xie
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyan Liu
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Yanlun Gu
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Qian Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034, Beijing, China. .,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191, Beijing, China.
| | - Yimin Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034, Beijing, China. .,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191, Beijing, China.
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3
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Tsaltskan V, Firestein GS. Targeting fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2022; 67:102304. [PMID: 36228471 PMCID: PMC9942784 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2022.102304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) are mesenchymal-derived cells that play an important role in the physiology of the synovium by producing certain components of the synovial fluid and articular cartilage. In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), however, fibroblasts become a key driver of synovial inflammation and joint damage. Because of this, there has been recent interest in FLS as a therapeutic target in RA to avoid side effects such as systemic immune suppression associated with many existing RA treatments. In this review, we describe how approved treatments for RA affect FLS signaling and function and discuss the effects of investigational FLS-targeted drugs for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav Tsaltskan
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gary S Firestein
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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4
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Wang Y, Çil Ç, Harnett MM, Pineda MA. Cytohesin-2/ARNO: A Novel Bridge Between Cell Migration and Immunoregulation in Synovial Fibroblasts. Front Immunol 2022; 12:809896. [PMID: 35095899 PMCID: PMC8790574 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.809896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The guanine nucleotide exchange factor cytohesin-2 (ARNO) is a major activator of the small GTPase ARF6 that has been shown to play an important role(s) in cell adhesion, migration and cytoskeleton reorganization in various cell types and models of disease. Interestingly, dysregulated cell migration, in tandem with hyper-inflammatory responses, is one of the hallmarks associated with activated synovial fibroblasts (SFs) during chronic inflammatory joint diseases, like rheumatoid arthritis. The role of ARNO in this process has previously been unexplored but we hypothesized that the pro-inflammatory milieu of inflamed joints locally induces activation of ARNO-mediated pathways in SFs, promoting an invasive cell phenotype that ultimately leads to bone and cartilage damage. Thus, we used small interference RNA to investigate the impact of ARNO on the pathological migration and inflammatory responses of murine SFs, revealing a fully functional ARNO-ARF6 pathway which can be rapidly activated by IL-1β. Such signalling promotes cell migration and formation of focal adhesions. Unexpectedly, ARNO was also shown to modulate SF-inflammatory responses, dictating their precise cytokine and chemokine expression profile. Our results uncover a novel role for ARNO in SF-dependent inflammation, that potentially links pathogenic migration with initiation of local joint inflammation, offering new approaches for targeting the fibroblast compartment in chronic arthritis and joint disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Wang
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Çağlar Çil
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Margaret M Harnett
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Miguel A Pineda
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.,Research Into Inflammatory Arthritis Centre Versus Arthritis (RACE), Glasgow, United Kingdom
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5
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Role of Integrins in Modulating Smooth Muscle Cell Plasticity and Vascular Remodeling: From Expression to Therapeutic Implications. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040646. [PMID: 35203297 PMCID: PMC8870356 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Smooth muscle cells (SMCs), present in the media layer of blood vessels, are crucial in maintaining vascular homeostasis. Upon vascular injury, SMCs show a high degree of plasticity, undergo a change from a “contractile” to a “synthetic” phenotype, and play an essential role in the pathophysiology of diseases including atherosclerosis and restenosis. Integrins are cell surface receptors, which are involved in cell-to-cell binding and cell-to-extracellular-matrix interactions. By binding to extracellular matrix components, integrins trigger intracellular signaling and regulate several of the SMC function, including proliferation, migration, and phenotypic switching. Although pharmacological approaches, including antibodies and synthetic peptides, have been effectively utilized to target integrins to limit atherosclerosis and restenosis, none has been commercialized yet. A clear understanding of how integrins modulate SMC biology is essential to facilitate the development of integrin-based interventions to combat atherosclerosis and restenosis. Herein, we highlight the importance of integrins in modulating functional properties of SMCs and their implications for vascular pathology.
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6
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Sugahara S, Hanaoka K, Emori T, Takeshita N, Fujii Y, Nakano M, Suzuki T, Takahashi J, Nakamura Y. Peficitinib improves bone fragility by recovering bone turnover imbalance in arthritic mice. J Pharmacol Sci 2022; 148:134-141. [PMID: 34924117 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Peficitinib, a pan-JAK inhibitor, is known to suppress the activation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) and thereby reduces joint inflammation associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the effect on osteoporosis in RA remains to be elucidated. In this study, the effect of peficitinib or etanercept on joint inflammation, and consequently decreased bone mineral density (BMD) was evaluated in mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). Additionally, the effect on RANKL production from osteoblasts differentiated from the mesenchymal stem cells of RA patients was evaluated. Administration of peficitinib for established CIA ameliorated arthritis and improved BMD in the femoral metaphysis, but not in the femoral diaphysis. Conversely, etanercept suppressed an increase in synovial inflammatory markers but did not improve arthritic conditions or the reduction of BMD in either region. All elevated bone formation and bone resorption markers were decreased with peficitinib but only partially decreased with etanercept. Furthermore, production of RANKL by human osteoblasts was suppressed by peficitinib but enhanced by etanercept. Unlike etanercept, peficitinib is thought to increase BMD by ameliorating the high bone turnover associated with RA states, resulting in improvement of bone fragility. Our data provide evidence that peficitinib would be expected to show efficacy for osteoporosis associated with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Sugahara
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kaori Hanaoka
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takashi Emori
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Takeshita
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yasutomo Fujii
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masaki Nakano
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Takako Suzuki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Jun Takahashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Yukio Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan.
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7
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Abstract
Integrin-α9 (ITGA9) and its corresponding ligands are involved in inflammatory and immune responses. The present study aimed to investigate whether ITGA9 participates in the development of chronic periodontitis (ChP) and to explore the underlying mechanisms. We collected gingival tissue and gingival crevicular fluid in vivo from patients to determine the levels of ITGA9 and its ligands. We cultured primary periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) in vitro and applied small interfering RNA to knock down ITGA9 in order to analyze the changes of inflammatory cytokines and explore the related cellular signaling pathways. The expression level of ITGA9 was significantly higher in the gingiva of patients with ChP than that of healthy individuals. ITGA9 knockdown in the PDLCs inhibited the secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-8. Western blot analysis indicated that this change could be attributed to the regulation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. ITGA9 plays a regulatory role in the homeostasis of ChP. The results of the present study provide potential insights into the treatment of periodontitis. Graphical abstract.
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8
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Jain M, Dev R, Doddapattar P, Kon S, Dhanesha N, Chauhan AK. Integrin α9 regulates smooth muscle cell phenotype switching and vascular remodeling. JCI Insight 2021; 6:147134. [PMID: 34027892 PMCID: PMC8262341 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.147134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) remains a significant cause of in-stent restenosis. Integrins, which are heterodimeric transmembrane receptors, play a crucial role in SMC biology by binding to the extracellular matrix protein with the actin cytoskeleton within the SMC. Integrin α9 plays an important role in cell motility and autoimmune diseases; however, its role in SMC biology and remodeling remains unclear. Herein, we demonstrate that stimulated human coronary SMCs upregulate α9 expression. Targeting α9 in stimulated human coronary SMCs, using anti-integrin α9 antibody, suppresses synthetic phenotype and inhibits SMC proliferation and migration. To provide definitive evidence, we generated an SMC-specific α9-deficient mouse strain. Genetic ablation of α9 in SMCs suppressed synthetic phenotype and reduced proliferation and migration in vitro. Mechanistically, suppressed synthetic phenotype and reduced proliferation were associated with decreased focal adhesion kinase/steroid receptor coactivator signaling and downstream targets, including phosphorylated ERK, p38 MAPK, glycogen synthase kinase 3β, and nuclear β-catenin, with reduced transcriptional activation of β-catenin target genes. Following vascular injury, SMC-specific α9-deficient mice or wild-type mice treated with murine anti-integrin α9 antibody exhibited reduced injury-induced neointimal hyperplasia at day 28 by limiting SMC migration and proliferation. Our findings suggest that integrin α9 regulates SMC biology, suggesting its potential therapeutic application in vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Jain
- Division of Hematology-Oncology and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Rishabh Dev
- Division of Hematology-Oncology and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Prakash Doddapattar
- Division of Hematology-Oncology and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Shigeyuki Kon
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Nirav Dhanesha
- Division of Hematology-Oncology and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Anil K Chauhan
- Division of Hematology-Oncology and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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9
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Xu S, Zhang T, Cao Z, Zhong W, Zhang C, Li H, Song J. Integrin-α9β1 as a Novel Therapeutic Target for Refractory Diseases: Recent Progress and Insights. Front Immunol 2021; 12:638400. [PMID: 33790909 PMCID: PMC8005531 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.638400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins refer to heterodimers consisting of subunits α and β. They serve as receptors on cell membranes and interact with extracellular ligands to mediate intracellular molecular signals. One of the least-studied members of the integrin family is integrin-α9β1, which is widely distributed in various human tissues and organs. Integrin-α9β1 regulates the physiological state of cells through a variety of complex signaling pathways to participate in the specific pathological processes of some intractable diseases. In recent years, an increasing amount of research has focused on the role of α9β1 in the molecular mechanisms of different refractory diseases and its promising potential as a therapeutic target. Accordingly, this review introduces and summarizes recent research related to integrin-α9β1, describes the synergistic functions of α9β1 and its corresponding ligands in cancer, autoimmune diseases, nerve injury and thrombosis and, more importantly, highlights the potential of α9β1 as a distinctive target for the treatment of these intractable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihan Xu
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingwei Zhang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengguo Cao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Periodontology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjie Zhong
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Chuangwei Zhang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Han Li
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinlin Song
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
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10
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Torikai M, Higuchi H, Yamamoto N, Ishikawa D, Fujita H, Taguchi K, Sakai F, Soejima K, Nakashima T. A novel monoclonal antibody cross-reactive with both human and mouse α9 integrin useful for therapy against rheumatoid arthritis. J Biochem 2021; 168:231-241. [PMID: 32271918 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvaa040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study introduces a novel monoclonal anti-α9 integrin antibody (MA9-413) with human variable regions, isolated by phage display technology. MA9-413 specifically binds to both human and mouse α9 integrin by recognizing a conserved loop region designated as L1 (amino acids 104-122 of human α9 integrin). MA9-413 inhibits human and mouse α9 integrin-dependent cell adhesion to ligands and suppresses synovial inflammation and osteoclast activation in a mouse model of arthritis. This is the first monoclonal anti-α9 integrin antibody that can react with and functionally inhibit both human and mouse α9 integrin. MA9-413 allows data acquisition both in animal and human pharmacological studies without resorting to surrogate antibodies. Since MA9-413 showed certain therapeutic effects in the mouse arthritis model, it can be considered as a useful therapy against rheumatoid arthritis and other α9 integrin-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaharu Torikai
- Research & Development Division, KM Biologics Co., Ltd, 1314-1 Kyokushi-Kawabe, Kikuchi, Kumamoto 869-1298, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Higuchi
- Research & Development Division, KM Biologics Co., Ltd, 1314-1 Kyokushi-Kawabe, Kikuchi, Kumamoto 869-1298, Japan
| | | | - Daisuke Ishikawa
- Research & Development Division, KM Biologics Co., Ltd, 1314-1 Kyokushi-Kawabe, Kikuchi, Kumamoto 869-1298, Japan
| | - Hirotada Fujita
- Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Katsunari Taguchi
- Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Sakai
- EVEC Inc., 6 Odori Nishi, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-0042, Japan
| | - Kenji Soejima
- Research & Development Division, KM Biologics Co., Ltd, 1314-1 Kyokushi-Kawabe, Kikuchi, Kumamoto 869-1298, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Nakashima
- The Chemo-Sero-Therapeutic Research Institute (Kaketsuken), 4-7 Hanabatacho, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-0806, Japan
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11
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Masoumi M, Bashiri H, Khorramdelazad H, Barzaman K, Hashemi N, Sereshki HA, Sahebkar A, Karami J. Destructive Roles of Fibroblast-like Synoviocytes in Chronic Inflammation and Joint Damage in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Inflammation 2020; 44:466-479. [PMID: 33113036 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01371-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) are important non-immune cells located mostly in the inner layer of the synovium. Indeed, these cells are specialized mesenchymal cells, implicated in collagen homeostasis of the articular joint and provide extracellular matrix (ECM) materials for cartilage and contribute to joint destruction via multiple mechanisms. RA FLS interactions with immune and non-immune cells lead to the development and organization of tertiary structures such as ectopic lymphoid-like structures (ELSs), tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs), and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. The interaction of RA FLS cells with immune and non-immune cells leads to stimulation and activation of effector immune cells. Pathological role of RA FLS cells has been reported for many years, while molecular and cellular mechanisms are not completely understood yet. In this review, we tried to summarize the latest findings about the role of FLS cells in ELS formation, joint destruction, interactions with immune and non-immune cells, as well as potential therapeutic options in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment. Our study revealed data about interactions between RA FLS and immune/non-immune cells as well as the role of RA FLS cells in joint damage, ELS formation, and neoangiogenesis, which provide useful information for developing new approaches for RA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Masoumi
- Clinical Research Development Center, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Bashiri
- Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hossein Khorramdelazad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Barzaman
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nader Hashemi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hale Abdoli Sereshki
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland.
| | - Jafar Karami
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Laboratory Sciences, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran.
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12
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Takeuchi T, Tanaka Y, Erdman J, Kaneko Y, Saito M, Higashitani C, Smulders R, Lademacher C. ASP5094, a humanized monoclonal antibody against integrin alpha-9, did not show efficacy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis refractory to methotrexate: results from a phase 2a, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis Res Ther 2020; 22:252. [PMID: 33087159 PMCID: PMC7579887 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-020-02336-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, debilitating autoimmune condition characterized by joint synovial inflammation. Current treatments include methotrexate (MTX), biologic agents, and Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors. However, these agents are not efficacious in all patients and there are concerns regarding side effects and risk of infection as these treatments target immune-related pathways. Overexpression and activation of integrin alpha-9 (α9) on fibroblast-like synoviocytes are associated with RA disease onset and exacerbation. The humanized immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody ASP5094 was designed to inhibit human α9 and is currently under investigation for the treatment of RA. Methods This phase 2a, multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group study (NCT03257852) evaluated the efficacy, safety, and biological activity of intravenous ASP5094 10 mg/kg in patients with moderate to severe RA that was refractory to MTX. Patients received ASP5094 or placebo every 4 weeks for a total of three administrations. Both treatment groups used concomitant MTX. The primary efficacy endpoint was the proportion of patients who responded per American College of Rheumatology 50% improvement using C-reactive protein (ACR50-CRP) after 12 weeks of treatment. Biological activity of ASP5094 was assessed via pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of known downstream effectors of α9. Safety was also assessed. Results Sixty-six patients were enrolled and randomized to placebo (n = 33) or ASP5094 (n = 33). In the primary efficacy analysis, ACR50-CRP response rates were 6.3% and 18.2% at week 12 in the ASP5094 and placebo groups, respectively; a difference of − 11.9, which was not significant (2-sided P value = 0.258). No trends in ACR50 response rates were observed in subgroups based on demographics or baseline disease characteristics, and no significant differences between placebo and ASP5094 were identified in secondary efficacy or pharmacodynamic endpoints, despite achievement of target serum concentrations of ASP5094. Most treatment-emergent adverse events were mild to moderate in severity, and ASP5094 was considered safe and well tolerated overall. Conclusion Although no notable safety signals were observed in this study, ASP5094 was not efficacious in patients with moderate to severe RA with an inadequate response to MTX. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03257852. Registered on 22 Aug. 2017
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Takeuchi
- Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku City, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Yoshiya Tanaka
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Jay Erdman
- Astellas Pharma Global Development, Northbrook, IL, USA
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13
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Mellors T, Withers JB, Ameli A, Jones A, Wang M, Zhang L, Sanchez HN, Santolini M, Do Valle I, Sebek M, Cheng F, Pappas DA, Kremer JM, Curtis JR, Johnson KJ, Saleh A, Ghiassian SD, Akmaev VR. Clinical Validation of a Blood-Based Predictive Test for Stratification of Response to Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitor Therapies in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients. NETWORK AND SYSTEMS MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1089/nsm.2020.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Asher Ameli
- Scipher Medicine, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alex Jones
- Scipher Medicine, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Lixia Zhang
- Scipher Medicine, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Marc Santolini
- Center for Research and Interdisciplinarity (CRI), University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Italo Do Valle
- Center for Complex Network Research, Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael Sebek
- Center for Complex Network Research, Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Feixiong Cheng
- Center for Complex Network Research, Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dimitrios A. Pappas
- Division of Rheumatology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- CORRONA, LCC, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joel M. Kremer
- CORRONA, LCC, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
- Albany Medical College, The Center for Rheumatology, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Jeffery R. Curtis
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | | | - Alif Saleh
- Scipher Medicine, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
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14
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Emori T, Kasahara M, Sugahara S, Hashimoto M, Ito H, Narumiya S, Higashi Y, Fujii Y. Role of JAK-STAT signaling in the pathogenic behavior of fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis: Effect of the novel JAK inhibitor peficitinib. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 882:173238. [PMID: 32561292 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLS) play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of RA. RA-FLS display passive pro-inflammatory responses and self-directed aggressive responses, such as pro-inflammatory mediator production, reduced apoptosis and formation of a thickened synovial lining. Evidence suggests a role for Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and transcriptional activator (STAT) signaling in the passive response but the aggressive behavior of RA-FLS is poorly understood. The pharmacologic effects of the novel JAK inhibitor, peficitinib, on cytokine-induced intracellular signaling and self-directed aggressive behavior of RA-FLS (e.g., increased expression of apoptosis-resistant genes and sodium nitroprusside-induced apoptosis) were investigated and compared with approved JAK inhibitors. RA-FLS assembly to form a lining-like structure and pro-inflammatory mediator production was investigated in three-dimensional (3D)-micromass culture. Peficitinib inhibited STAT3 phosphorylation in RA-FLS following induction by interferon (IFN)-α2b, IFN-γ, interleukin (IL)-6, oncostatin M, and leukemia inhibitory factor in a concentration-related manner, and was comparable to approved JAK inhibitors, tofacitinib and baricitinib. Peficitinib and tofacitinib suppressed autocrine phosphorylation of STAT3 and expression of apoptosis-resistant genes, and promoted cell death. In 3D-micromass culture, peficitinib reduced multi-layered RA-FLS cells to a thin monolayer, an effect less pronounced with tofacitinib. Both compounds attenuated production of vascular endothelial growth factor-A, matrix metalloproteinases, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor superfamily-11. This study confirmed the pathogenic role of uncontrolled JAK-STAT signaling in the aggressive and passive responses of RA-FLS that are critical for RA progression. The novel JAK inhibitor peficitinib suppressed the pro-inflammatory behavior of RA-FLS, accelerated cell death and abrogated thickening of the synovium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Emori
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukiga-oka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8585, Japan.
| | - Michiko Kasahara
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukiga-oka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8585, Japan; Alliance Laboratory for Advanced Medical Research, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Shingo Sugahara
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukiga-oka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8585, Japan.
| | - Motomu Hashimoto
- Department of Advanced Medicine for Rheumatic Diseases, 54 Kawara-cho, Shougo-in, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Hiromu Ito
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawara-cho, Shougo-in, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Shuh Narumiya
- Alliance Laboratory for Advanced Medical Research, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Yasuyuki Higashi
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukiga-oka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8585, Japan.
| | - Yasutomo Fujii
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukiga-oka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8585, Japan.
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15
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Alkorashy AI, Doghish AS, Abulsoud AI, Ewees MG, Abdelghany TM, Elshafey MM, Elkhatib WF. Effect of scopoletin on phagocytic activity of U937-derived human macrophages: Insights from transcriptomic analysis. Genomics 2020; 112:3518-3524. [PMID: 32243896 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Scopoletin is a botanical coumarin. Notably, scopoletin effect on phagocytic activity has not been addressed on transcriptomic level. Accordingly, this study investigated the effect of scopoletin on phagocytosis-linked gene transcription. Whole phagocytosis transcriptional profiling of stimulated U937-derived macrophages (SUDMs) in response to scopoletin as compared to non-treated SUDMs was studied. Regarding scopoletin effect on 92 phagocytosis-linked genes, 12 of them were significantly affected (p-value < .05). Seven genes were downregulated (CDC42, FCGR1A/FCGR1C, ITGA9, ITGB3, PLCE1, RHOD & RND3) and five were upregulated (DIRAS3, ITGA1, PIK3CA, PIK3R3 & PLCD1). Moreover, scopoletin enhanced phagocytic activity of SUDMs. The current results highlighted the potential use of scopoletin as immunity booster and as an adjuvant remedy in management of some autoimmune reactions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that unravels the effect of scopoletin on phagocytosis via transcriptomic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amgad I Alkorashy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11651, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Doghish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11651, Egypt; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed I Abulsoud
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11651, Egypt; Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, Egypt
| | - Mohamed G Ewees
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11651, Egypt; Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Tamer M Abdelghany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11651, Egypt; Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Mostafa M Elshafey
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11651, Egypt
| | - Walid F Elkhatib
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt; Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, African Union Organization St., Abbassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt.
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16
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Tetsuka K, Ohbuchi M, Kawabe T, Goto T, Kiyonaga F, Takama K, Yamazaki S, Fujimori A. Reconstituted Human Organ Models as a Translational Tool for Human Organ Response: Definition, Expectations, Cases, and Strategies for Implementation in Drug Discovery and Development. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 43:375-383. [PMID: 32115499 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-01070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent progress in the fields of tissue engineering, micro-electro mechanical systems, and materials science have greatly improved cell culture systems, which were traditionally performed in a static two-dimensional manner. This progress has led to a number of new cell culture concepts represented by organ-on-a-chip, three dimensional (3D)-tissues, and microphysiological systems, among others. In this review, these culture models are categorized as reconstituted human organ models, which recapitulate human organ-like structure, function, and responses with physiological relevance. In addition, we also describe the expectations of reconstituted organ models from the viewpoint of a pharmaceutical company based on recent concerns expressed in drug discovery and development. These models can be used to assess the pharmacokinetics, safety and efficacy of new molecular entities (NMEs) prior to clinical trials. They can also be used to conduct mechanistic investigations of events that arise due to administration of NMEs in humans. In addition, monitoring biomarkers of organ function in these models will aid in the translation of their changes in humans. As the majority of reconstituted human organ models show improved functional characteristics and long-term maintenance in culture, they are valuable for modeling human events. An example is described using the three-dimensional bioprinted human liver tissue model in this article. Implementation of reconstituted human organ models in drug discovery and development can be accelerated by encouraging collaboration between developers and users. Such efforts will provide significant benefits for delivering new and improved medicines to patients.
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17
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Yoshitomi H. Regulation of Immune Responses and Chronic Inflammation by Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1395. [PMID: 31275325 PMCID: PMC6593115 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Synovial tissue is a membranous non-immune organ lining joint cavities where it supports local immune responses, and functions directly and indirectly in joint destruction due to chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), the dominant non-immune cells of synovial tissues, mainly contribute to joint destruction via multiple mechanisms. In RA, FLS respond to endogenous ligands of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and inflammatory cytokines as non-immune cells. In addition, FLS aid in the activation of immune responses by interacting with immune cells and by supporting ectopic lymphoid-like structure (ELS) formation in synovial tissues. Moreover, FLS directly cause the pathogenicity of RA i.e., joint deformities. Here, we describe new findings and review the mechanisms underlying the regulation of immune reactions by non-immune FLS and their roles in inflammatory diseases such as RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Yoshitomi
- Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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18
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Morshed A, Abbas AB, Hu J, Xu H. Shedding New Light on The Role of ανβ3 and α5β1 Integrins in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Molecules 2019; 24:E1537. [PMID: 31003546 PMCID: PMC6515208 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
ανβ3 and α5β1 are essential glycoproteins involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Understanding of the role these integrins play in disease have been analyzed via description of cells-expressing ανβ3 and α5β1 and their mediators to trigger inflammation. ανβ3 and α5β1 facilitate cells-ECM and cell-cell communication, producing pro-inflammatory factors. Pro-inflammatory factors are essential for the building of undesirable new blood vessels termed angiogenesis which can further lead to destruction of bones and joints. Despite many attempts to target these glycoproteins, there are still some problems, therefore, there is still interest in understanding the synergistic role these integrins play in the pathogenesis of RA. The purpose of this review is to gain insights into the biological effects of ανβ3 and α5β1 in synovial tissues that are relevant to pathogenesis and therapy of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwa Morshed
- The Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Polypeptide Drug Discovery and Evaluation of Jiangsu Province, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Abdul Baset Abbas
- The Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Polypeptide Drug Discovery and Evaluation of Jiangsu Province, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Jialiang Hu
- The Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Polypeptide Drug Discovery and Evaluation of Jiangsu Province, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Hanmei Xu
- The Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Polypeptide Drug Discovery and Evaluation of Jiangsu Province, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
- Nanjing Anji Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Nanjing 210046, China.
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Zhai KF, Duan H, Chen Y, Khan GJ, Cao WG, Gao GZ, Shan LL, Wei ZJ. Apoptosis effects of imperatorin on synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis through mitochondrial/caspase-mediated pathways. Food Funct 2018; 9:2070-2079. [PMID: 29577119 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01748k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic chronic inflammatory disease associated with a potential imbalance between the growth and death of rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLSs). Imperatorin (IPT) is a naturally occurring furanocoumarin found in umbelliferous vegetables, citrus fruits, and some herbs. The effects of IPT on the proliferation and apoptosis of RA-FLSs and its potential underlying mechanisms have remained unclear. RA-FLSs obtained from RA patients were induced by interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and treated with IPT. Cell viability was determined by MTT assay. Apoptotic cell death was analyzed by Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining and Hoechst 33342 staining. The loss in the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) was visualized on the basis of JC-1 staining via fluorescence microscopy, and protein expression changes were assessed by western blot, whereas in vivo studies were conducted in male Wistar rats followed by histopathological assessment via TUNEL assay and HE staining of tissues. The results showed that IPT significantly reduced cell viability, accelerated cell apoptosis and decreased matrix metalloproteinases-1/-3 expression in IL-1β-induced RA-FLSs. Furthermore, IPT exposure was found to disrupt the ΔΨm compared to the IL-1β-induced treatment. Moreover, IPT increased the release of mitochondrial cytochrome C, the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, and the cleavage of caspase-9, caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. In vivo studies showed that IPT not only significantly reduced the collagen induced arthritis by reducing synovial hyperplasia, and pannus formation but also enhanced the apoptotic index of ankle joint cells. Conclusively, our findings suggest that IPT inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in RA-FLSs that may be associated with mitochondrial/caspase-mediated signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Feng Zhai
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Suzhou University, 49, Bianhe Road, Suzhou, 234000, P.R. China.
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Integrin, alpha9 subunit blockade suppresses collagen-induced arthritis with minimal systemic immunomodulation. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 833:320-327. [PMID: 29932925 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Integrin, alpha9 subunit (hereinafter, alpha9) has been identified as a novel putative therapeutic target for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Support for this target comes from the observations that alpha9 is overexpressed both in the joints of RA patients and in animal models of arthritis. In the experimental models, the increase in alpha9 expression precedes the onset of arthritic symptoms. The current study presents data on the pharmacological profile of an anti-alpha9 antibody in a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model. Administration of an alpha9-blocking antibody in CIA mice suppressed the development of arthritis and significantly decreased plasma level of activated fibroblast-like synoviocyte (FLS)-derived biomarkers without reducing the formation of anti-type II collagen antibodies. While anti-alpha9 antibody administration significantly suppress the accumulation of immune cells in arthritic joints it had no effect on immune cell number in the spleen. Furthermore, in non-arthritic mice, alpha9 had no inhibitory effect in either a mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) or in a delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction. These results suggest that blocking alpha9 exerts its anti-arthritic effect through suppression of FLS-activation via a non-immune mediated mechanism. Finally, therapeutic administration of anti-alpha9 antibody alleviated established arthritis in CIA mice. Our data provide evidence that alpha9 blockade is a promising therapy for joint inflammation with minimal systemic immunomodulation.
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β2-adrenoceptor signaling reduction is involved in the inflammatory response of fibroblast-like synoviocytes from adjuvant-induced arthritic rats. Inflammopharmacology 2018; 27:271-279. [DOI: 10.1007/s10787-018-0477-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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