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Zhou Y, Li Z, Yu S, Wang X, Xie T, Zhang W. Iguratimod prevents renal fibrosis in unilateral ureteral obstruction model mice by suppressing M2 macrophage infiltration and macrophage-myofibroblast transition. Ren Fail 2024; 46:2327498. [PMID: 38666363 PMCID: PMC11057400 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2024.2327498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Iguratimod is a novel synthetic, small-molecule immunosuppressive agent used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. Through ongoing exploration of its role and mechanisms of action, iguratimod has been observed to have antifibrotic effects in the lung and skin; however, its effect on renal fibrosis remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate whether iguratimod could affect renal fibrosis progression. Three different concentrations of iguratimod (30 mg/kg/day, 10 mg/kg/day, and 3 mg/kg/day) were used to intervene in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model mice. Iguratimod at 10 mg/kg/day was observed to be effective in slowing UUO-mediated renal fibrosis. In addition, stimulating bone marrow-derived macrophages with IL-4 and/or iguratimod, or with TGF-β and iguratimod or SRC inhibitors in vitro, suggested that iguratimod mitigates the progression of renal fibrosis in UUO mice, at least in part, by inhibiting the IL-4/STAT6 signaling pathway to attenuate renal M2 macrophage infiltration, as well as by impeding SRC activation to reduce macrophage-myofibroblast transition. These findings reveal the potential of iguratimod as a treatment for renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyuan Zhou
- Department of General Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhilan Li
- Department of General Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shenyi Yu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of General Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tingting Xie
- Department of General Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weiru Zhang
- Department of General Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Li Y, Gao W, Lei S, Wu X, Yuan T, Ma K, Chi K. Sevoflurane blocks KLF5-mediated transcriptional activation of ITGB2 to inhibit macrophage infiltration in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury. J Gene Med 2024; 26:e3692. [PMID: 38745073 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sevoflurane (Sevo) preconditioning and postconditioning play a protective role against injury induced by hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). At the same time, the involvement of macrophage infiltration in this process and the precise mechanisms are unclear. Here, we designed this research to elucidate the protective effects of Sevo against hepatic I/R injury and the molecules involved. METHODS The alleviating effect of Sevo on the liver injury was analyzed by liver function analysis, hematoxylin and eosin staining, Masson trichrome staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated 2'-deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate nick end labeling, western blot analysis and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. An in vitro cell model was developed using alpha mouse liver 12 (AML12) cells, and the cell model was treated with oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation and Sevo. Multiple bioinformatics databases were used to screen transcriptional regulators related to hepatic I/R injury and the targets of Krueppel-like factor 5 (KLF5). KLF5 expression was artificially upregulated alone or with integrin beta-2 (ITGB2) knockdown to substantiate their involvement in Sevo-mediated hepatoprotection. RESULTS Sevo protected the liver against I/R injury by reducing cell apoptosis and inflammatory response. KLF5 was upregulated in liver tissues following I/R injury, whereas KLF5 overexpression aggravated macrophage infiltration and liver injury induced by I/R injury. KLF5 bound to the promoter of ITGB2 to enhance ITGB2 transcription. Knockdown of ITGB2 reversed the aggravation of injury caused by KLF5 overexpression in mice and AML12 cells. CONCLUSIONS Sevo blocked KLF5-mediated transcriptional activation of ITGB2, thereby inhibiting macrophage infiltration in hepatic I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Li
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Weinian Gao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Shuyan Lei
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaoning Wu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Tao Yuan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Kai Ma
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Kui Chi
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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Wang J, Lou W, Zhu M, Tu Y, Chen D, Qiu D, Xu F, Liang D, Cheng Z, Zhang H. Prediction of treatment response in lupus nephritis using density of tubulointerstitial macrophage infiltration. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1321507. [PMID: 38415246 PMCID: PMC10896899 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1321507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Lupus nephritis (LN) is a common disease with diverse clinical and pathological manifestations. A major challenge in the management of LN is the inability to predict its treatment response at an early stage. The objective of this study was to determine whether the density of tubulointerstitial macrophage infiltration can be used to predict treatment response in LN and whether its addition to clinicopathological data at the time of biopsy would improve risk prediction. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, 430 patients with LN in our hospital from January 2010 to December 2017 were included. We used immunohistochemistry to show macrophage and lymphocyte infiltration in their biopsy specimens, followed by quantification of the infiltration density. The outcome was the treatment response, defined as complete or partial remission at 12 months of immunosuppression. Results The infiltration of CD68+ macrophages in the interstitium increased in patients with LN. High levels of CD68+ macrophage infiltration in the interstitium were associated with a low probability of treatment response in the adjusted analysis, and verse vice. The density of CD68+ macrophage infiltration in the interstitium alone predicted the response to immunosuppression (area under the curve [AUC], 0.70; 95% CI, 0.63 to 0.76). The addition of CD68+cells/interstitial field to the pathological and clinical data at biopsy in the prediction model resulted in an increased AUC of 0.78 (95% CI, 0.73 to 0.84). Conclusion The density of tubulointerstitial macrophage infiltration is an independent predictor for treatment response in LN. Adding tubulointerstitial macrophage infiltration density to clinicopathological data at the time of biopsy significantly improves risk prediction of treatment response in LN patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenyuan Lou
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengyue Zhu
- Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yuanmao Tu
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Duqun Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dandan Qiu
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dandan Liang
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhen Cheng
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haitao Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Fei C, Liu L, Qi H, Peng Y, Han J, Wang C, Li X. Curdlan-Decorated Fullerenes Mitigate Immune-Mediated Hepatic Injury for Autoimmune Hepatitis Therapeutics via Reducing Macrophage Infiltration. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:5536-5547. [PMID: 38267397 PMCID: PMC10860698 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a severe immune-mediated inflammatory liver disease whose standard of care is immunosuppressive treatment with inevitable undesired outcomes. Macrophage is acknowledged to aggravate liver damage, providing a promising AIH therapeutic target. Accordingly, in this study, a kind of curdlan-decorated fullerene nanoparticle (Cur-F) is fabricated to alleviate immune-mediated hepatic injury for treating AIH via reducing macrophage infiltration in a concanavalin A (Con A)-induced AIH mouse model. After intravenous administration, Cur-F primarily distributes in liver tissues, efficiently eliminates the excessive reactive oxygen species, significantly attenuates oxidative stress, and subsequently suppresses the nuclear factor kappa-B-gene binding (NF-κB) signal pathway, resulting in the lowered production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the balancing of the immune homeostasis with the prevention of macrophage infiltration in the liver. The regulation of hepatic inflammation contributes to inhibiting inflammatory cytokines-induced hepatocyte apoptosis, decreasing the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) contents and thus ameliorating immune-mediated hepatic injury. Notably, there is no detectable toxicity to the body. Our findings may open up novel avenues for AIH based on curdlan and fullerene materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Fei
- Key
Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner
Mongolia University, Inner
Mongolia 010021, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hedong Qi
- Key
Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuyang Peng
- Key
Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingfen Han
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner
Mongolia University, Inner
Mongolia 010021, China
| | - Chunru Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xue Li
- Key
Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Liu Y, Tang Y, Jiang H, Zhang X, Chen X, Guo J, Jin C, Wu M. Exosome-Related FTCD Facilitates M1 Macrophage Polarization and Impacts the Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Biomolecules 2023; 14:41. [PMID: 38254641 PMCID: PMC10813691 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exosomes are essential for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression and have garnered significant interest as novel targets for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic approaches. This study aims to identify potential exosome-related biomarkers for the development of useful strategies for HCC diagnosis and therapy. METHODS Three datasets obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) were utilized to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in HCC. Through Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, overall survival (OS) analysis, Cox analyses, and diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced HCC mouse model detection, exosome-related hub gene was screened out, followed by a prognostic value assessment and immune-correlates analysis based on the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. The hub gene-containing exosomes derived from Hepa1-6 cells were isolated and characterized using differential ultracentrifugation, transmission electron microscopy scanning, and Western blot. Ultrasound-guided intrahepatic injection, cell co-culture, CCK-8, and flow cytometry were performed to investigate the effects of the hub gene on macrophage infiltration and polarization in HCC. RESULTS A total of 83 DEGs enriched in the extracellular exosome term, among which, FTCD, HRA, and C8B showed the strongest association with the progression of HCC. FTCD was independently associated with a protective effect in HCC and selected as the hub gene. The presence of FTCD in exosomes was confirmed. FTCD-stimulated macrophages were polarized towards the M1 type and suppressed HCC cells proliferation. CONCLUSIONS FTCD is a potential exosome-related biomarker for HCC diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. The crosstalk between FTCD-containing exosomes and macrophages in HCC progression deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youyi Liu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Y.L.); (Y.T.); (H.J.); (X.C.); (J.G.)
| | - Yifei Tang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Y.L.); (Y.T.); (H.J.); (X.C.); (J.G.)
| | - Hongliang Jiang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Y.L.); (Y.T.); (H.J.); (X.C.); (J.G.)
| | - Xiading Zhang
- Wuxi Higher Health Vocational Technology School, Wuxi 214000, China;
| | - Xingyi Chen
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Y.L.); (Y.T.); (H.J.); (X.C.); (J.G.)
| | - Jingrou Guo
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Y.L.); (Y.T.); (H.J.); (X.C.); (J.G.)
| | - Cheng Jin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214041, China
| | - Minchen Wu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Y.L.); (Y.T.); (H.J.); (X.C.); (J.G.)
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Hou HT, Lin TC, Wu MH, Tsai SJ. Feel so bac: is Fusobacterium the suspect causing endometriosis? Trends Mol Med 2023; 29:780-782. [PMID: 37599125 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Recent work by Muraoka and colleagues reports that the Gram-negative anaerobic bacterium Fusobacterium nucleatum is detected in the uterus of 64% of women with endometriosis. Fusobacterium infection causes macrophage infiltration, transforming growth factor-β production, and transgelin upregulation in human and mouse endometria as well as endometriotic lesion development in a mouse model of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Tzu Hou
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, 1 University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Chien Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, 1 University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Hsing Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, 1 University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Shaw-Jenq Tsai
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, 1 University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, 1 University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
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Lin Z, Lv D, Liao X, Peng R, Liu H, Wu T, Wu K, Sun Y, Zhang Z. CircUBXN7 promotes macrophage infiltration and renal fibrosis associated with the IGF2BP2-dependent SP1 mRNA stability in diabetic kidney disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1226962. [PMID: 37744330 PMCID: PMC10516575 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1226962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Inflammatory cell infiltration is a novel hallmark of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), in part, by activated macrophages. Macrophage-to-tubular epithelial cell communication may play an important role in renal fibrosis. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been reported in the pathogenesis of various human diseases involving macrophages activation, including DKD. However, the exact mechanism of circRNAs in macrophage infiltration and renal fibrosis of DKD remains obscure. Methods In our study, a novel circRNA circUBXN7 was identified in DKD patients using microarray. The function of circUBXN7 in vitro and in vivo was investigated by qRT-PCR, western blot, and immunofluorescence. Finally, a dual-luciferase reporter assay, ChIP, RNA pull-down, RNA immunoprecipitation and rescue experiments were performed to investigate the mechanism of circUBXN7. Results We demonstrated that the expression of circUBXN7 was significantly upregulated in the plasma of DKD patients and correlated with renal function, which might serve as an independent biomarker for DKD patients. According to investigations, ectopic expression of circUBXN7 promoted macrophage activation, EMT and fibrosis in vitro, and increased macrophage infiltration, EMT, fibrosis and proteinuria in vivo. Mechanistically, circUBXN7 was transcriptionally upregulated by transcription factor SP1 and could reciprocally promote SP1 mRNA stability and activation via directly binding to the m6A-reader IGF2BP2 in DKD. Conclusion CircUBXN7 is highly expressed in DKD patients may provide the potential biomarker and therapeutic target for DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyue Lin
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dan Lv
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaohui Liao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Peng
- Department of Bioinformatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Handeng Liu
- Center of Teaching and Learning, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tianhui Wu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Keqian Wu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Park KH, Lee H, Kim HC, Choi I, Han SB, Kang JS. VDUP1 Deficiency Promotes the Severity of DSS-Induced Colitis in Mice by Inducing Macrophage Infiltration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13584. [PMID: 37686390 PMCID: PMC10487977 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The loss of vitamin D3 upregulated protein 1 (VDUP1) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various inflammation-related diseases. Notably, reduced expression of VDUP1 has been observed in clinical specimens of ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the role of VDUP1 deficiency in colitis remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of VDUP1 in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced experimental colitis in mice. VDUP1-deficient mice were more susceptible to DSS-induced colitis than their wild-type (WT) littermates after 2% DSS administration. VDUP1-deficient mice exhibited an increased disease activity index (DAI) and histological scores, as well as significant colonic goblet cell loss and an increase in apoptotic cells. These changes were accompanied by a significant decrease in MUC2 mRNA expression and a marked increase in proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines within damaged tissues. Furthermore, phosphorylated NF-κB p65 expression was significantly upregulated in damaged tissues in the context of VDUP1 deficiency. VDUP1 deficiency also led to significant infiltration of macrophages into the site of ulceration. An in vitro chemotaxis assay confirmed that VDUP1 deficiency enhanced bone marrow-derived macrophage (BMDM) chemotaxis induced by CCL2. Overall, this study highlights VDUP1 as a regulator of UC pathogenesis and a potential target for the future development of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Hwan Park
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanji, Cheongwon, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea; (K.H.P.); (H.L.); (H.-C.K.)
| | - Hyunju Lee
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanji, Cheongwon, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea; (K.H.P.); (H.L.); (H.-C.K.)
| | - Hyoung-Chin Kim
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanji, Cheongwon, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea; (K.H.P.); (H.L.); (H.-C.K.)
| | - Inpyo Choi
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro Yuseoung-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sang-Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, 194-21 Osongsaengmyung-1-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jong Soon Kang
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanji, Cheongwon, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea; (K.H.P.); (H.L.); (H.-C.K.)
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Jin S, Song Y, Zhou L, Jiang W, Qin L, Wang Y, Yu R, Liu Y, Diao Y, Zhang F, Liu K, Li P, Hu H, Jiang B, Tang W, Yi F, Gong Y, Liu G, Sun G. Depletion of CUL4B in macrophages ameliorates diabetic kidney disease via miR-194-5p/ITGA9 axis. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112550. [PMID: 37224018 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the most prevalent chronic kidney disease. Macrophage infiltration in the kidney is critical for the progression of DKD. However, the underlying mechanism is far from clear. Cullin 4B (CUL4B) is the scaffold protein in CUL4B-RING E3 ligase complexes. Previous studies have shown that depletion of CUL4B in macrophages aggravates lipopolysaccharide-induced peritonitis and septic shock. In this study, using two mouse models for DKD, we demonstrate that myeloid deficiency of CUL4B alleviates diabetes-induced renal injury and fibrosis. In vivo and in vitro analyses reveal that loss of CUL4B suppresses migration, adhesion, and renal infiltration of macrophages. Mechanistically, we show that high glucose upregulates CUL4B in macrophages. CUL4B represses expression of miR-194-5p, which leads to elevated integrin α9 (ITGA9), promoting migration and adhesion. Our study suggests the CUL4B/miR-194-5p/ITGA9 axis as an important regulator for macrophage infiltration in diabetic kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Jin
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yu Song
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Liping Qin
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Ruiqi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yuting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yujie Diao
- Department of Nephrology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Kaixuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Peishan Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Huili Hu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Department of Systems Biomedicine and Research Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Baichun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Fan Yi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yaoqin Gong
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Guangyi Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
| | - Gongping Sun
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
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10
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Liu L, Zhou X, Cheng S, Ge Y, Chen B, Shi J, Li H, Li S, Li Y, Yuan J, Wu A, Liu X, Huang S, Xu Z, Dong J. RNA-binding protein DHX9 promotes glioma growth and tumor-associated macrophages infiltration via TCF12. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023; 29:988-999. [PMID: 36377508 PMCID: PMC10018109 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioma is the most common malignant tumor of the central nervous system, with high heterogeneity, strong invasiveness, high therapeutic resistance, and poor prognosis, comprehending a serious challenge in neuro-oncology. Until now, the mechanisms underlying glioma progression have not been fully elucidated. METHODS The expression of DExH-box helicase 9 (DHX9) in tissues and cells was detected by qRT-PCR and western blot. EdU and transwell assays were conducted to assess the effect of DHX9 on proliferation, migration and invasion of glioma cells. Cocultured model was used to evaluate the role of DHX9 on macrophages recruitment and polarization. Animal study was performed to explore the role of DHX9 on macrophages recruitment and polarization in vivo. Bioinformatics analysis, dual-luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-qPCR assay was used to explore the relation between DHX9 and TCF12/CSF1. RESULTS DHX9 was elevated in gliomas, especially in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Besides promoting the proliferation, migration, and invasion of glioma cells, DHX9 facilitated the infiltration of macrophages into glioma tissues and polarization to M2-like macrophages, known as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). DHX9 silencing decreased the expression of colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF1), which partially restored the inhibitory effect on malignant progress of glioma and infiltration of TAMs caused by DHX9 knockdown by targeting the transcription factor 12 (TCF12). Moreover, TCF12 could directly bind to the promoter region of CSF1. CONCLUSION DHX9/TCF12/CSF1 axis regulated the increases in the infiltration of TAMs to promote glioma progression and might be a novel potential target for future immune therapies against gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Liu
- Department of NeurosurgerySecond Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Xuelan Zhou
- Department of AnesthesiologySecond Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Shan Cheng
- Department of NeurosurgerySecond Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Yuyuan Ge
- Department of NeurosurgerySecond Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Baomin Chen
- Department of NeurosurgerySecond Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Jia Shi
- Department of NeurosurgeryThird Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityChangzhouChina
| | - Haoran Li
- Department of NeurosurgerySecond Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Suwen Li
- Department of NeurosurgerySecond Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Yongdong Li
- Department of NeurosurgerySecond Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Jiaqi Yuan
- Department of NeurosurgerySecond Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Anyi Wu
- Department of NeurosurgerySecond Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Xinglei Liu
- Department of NeurosurgerySecond Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Shilu Huang
- Department of NeurosurgerySecond Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Zhipeng Xu
- Department of NeurosurgerySecond Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Jun Dong
- Department of NeurosurgerySecond Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
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11
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Dai Z, Liu Z, Yang R, Cao W, Ji T. EVI2B Is a Prognostic Biomarker and Is Correlated with Monocyte and Macrophage Infiltration in Osteosarcoma Based on an Integrative Analysis. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020327. [PMID: 36830696 PMCID: PMC9953216 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common malignant bone tumor. However, treatment strategies have not changed over the past 30 years. The relationship between OS and the immune microenvironment may provide a basis for the establishment of novel therapeutic targets. In this study, a large-scale gene expression dataset (GSE42352) was used to identify key genes in OS. A Target-OS dataset from the Cancer Genome Atlas was used as a validation set. Ecotropic viral integration site 2B (EVI2B) was significantly upregulated in OS tumor samples. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between samples with high and low EVI2B expression in both the test and validation cohorts. The top three functions of DEGs determined by a gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were chemokine signaling, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and Human T-cell leukemia virus 1 infection. A prognostic prediction model including EVI2B, DOCK2, and CD33 was constructed by a Cox regression analysis. This model indicated that EVI2B is an independent protective prognostic marker in OS. An analysis of immune infiltration further showed that high EVI2B expression levels were correlated with high levels of macrophage infiltration. Protein expression data derived from the Human Protein Atlas suggested EVI2B to be highly expressed in monocytes. Finally, we validated the elevated expression of EVI2B in OS cell lines and OS tissue samples; these results were consistent with those of the analyses of the GSE42352 and Target-OS datasets. Our integrative bioinformatics analysis and experimental results provide clear evidence for the prognostic value of EVI2B in OS and its close relationship with monocyte and macrophage infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlin Dai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Zheqi Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Rong Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
- Correspondence: (W.C.); (T.J.)
| | - Tong Ji
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
- Correspondence: (W.C.); (T.J.)
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Ikebukuro T, Arima T, Kasamatsu M, Nakano Y, Tobita Y, Uchiyama M, Terashima Y, Toda E, Shimizu A, Takahashi H. Disulfiram Ophthalmic Solution Inhibited Macrophage Infiltration by Suppressing Macrophage Pseudopodia Formation in a Rat Corneal Alkali Burn Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010735. [PMID: 36614177 PMCID: PMC9821574 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
FROUNT is an intracellular protein that promotes pseudopodia formation by binding to the chemokine receptors CCR2 and CCR5 on macrophages. Recently, disulfiram (DSF), a drug treatment for alcoholism, was found to have FROUNT inhibitory activity. In this study, we investigated the effect of DSF eye drops in a rat corneal alkali burn model. After alkali burn, 0.5% DSF eye drops (DSF group) and vehicle eye drops (Vehicle group) were administered twice daily. Immunohistochemical observations and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses were performed at 6 h and 1, 4, and 7 days after alkali burn. Results showed a significant decrease in macrophage accumulation in the cornea in the DSF group, but no difference in neutrophils. RT-PCR showed decreased expression of macrophage-associated cytokines in the DSF group. Corneal scarring and neovascularization were also suppressed in the DSF group. Low-vacuum scanning electron microscopy imaging showed that macrophage length was significantly shorter in the DSF group, reflecting the reduced extension of pseudopodia. These results suggest that DSF inhibited macrophage infiltration by suppressing macrophage pseudopodia formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toyo Ikebukuro
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Takeshi Arima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-3822-2131
| | - Momoko Kasamatsu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakano
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Yutaro Tobita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Masaaki Uchiyama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Yuya Terashima
- Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
| | - Etsuko Toda
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
- Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
| | - Akira Shimizu
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takahashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
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Wang X, Xu Z, Chang R, Zeng C, Zhao Y. High-Fructose Diet Induces Cardiac Dysfunction via Macrophage Recruitment in Adult Mice. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2023; 28:10742484231162249. [PMID: 36995038 DOI: 10.1177/10742484231162249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death globally, including cardiac fibrosis, myocardial infarction, cardiac hypertrophy, and heart failure. High fat/ fructose induces metabolic syndrome, hypertension and obesity, which contributes to cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. Excessive fructose intake accelerates inflammation in different organs and tissues, and molecular and cellular mechanisms of organ and tissue injury have been demonstrated. However, the mechanisms of cardiac inflammation have not been fully documented in high-fructose diet. This study shows that there are significantly increased in cardiomyocytes size and relative wall thickness of LV in high-fructose fed adult mice. With echocardiographic analysis of cardiac function, the ejection fraction (EF%) and fractional shortening (FS%) are significantly reduced at 12 weeks after 60% high-fructose diet. The mRNA and protein levels of MCP-1 are notably increased in high-fructose treated HL-1 and primary cardiomyocyte respectively. Also, the increased protein level of MCP-1 has been detected in vivo mouse model after 12 weeks feeding, resulting in the production of pro-inflammatory makers, pro-fibrotic genes expression, and macrophage infiltration. These data demonstrate that high-fructose intake induces cardiac inflammation via macrophage recruitment in cardiomyocyte, which contributes to impair cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zuqing Xu
- Department of Ultrasound, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rong Chang
- Department of Ultrasound, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Changchun Zeng
- Department of Ultrasound, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanli Zhao
- Department of Ultrasound, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
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Qiu ZY, Yu WJ, Bai J, Lin QY. Blocking VCAM-1 ameliorates hypertensive cardiac remodeling by impeding macrophage infiltration. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1058268. [PMID: 36467095 PMCID: PMC9713306 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1058268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac remodeling is an important mechanism of heart failure, which frequently results from leukocyte infiltration. Vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) plays a critical role in leukocyte adhesion and transmigration. However, the importance of VCAM-1 in the development of angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced cardiac remodeling remains unclear. Wild-type (WT) mice were infused with Ang II (1,000 ng/kg/min) for 14 days and simultaneously treated with VCAM-1 neutralizing antibody (0.1 or 0.2 mg) or IgG control. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and cardiac function were detected by a tail-cuff and echocardiography. Cardiac remodeling was evaluated by histological staining. Adhesion and migration of bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) were evaluated in vitro. Our results indicated that VCAM-1 levels were increased in the serum of patients with heart failure (HF) and the hearts of Ang II-infused mice. Furthermore, Ang II-caused hypertension, cardiac dysfunction, hypertrophy, fibrosis, infiltration of VLA-4+ BMMs and oxidative stress were dose-dependently attenuated in mice administered VCAM-1 neutralizing antibody. In addition, blocking VCAM-1 markedly alleviated Ang II-induced BMMs adhesion and migration, therefore inhibited cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and fibroblast activation. In conclusion, the data reveal that blocking VCAM-1 ameliorates hypertensive cardiac remodeling by impeding VLA-4+ macrophage infiltration. Selective blockage of VCAM-1 may be a novel therapeutic strategy for hypertensive cardiac diseases.
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15
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Chen S, Li H, Zhan H, Zeng X, Yuan H, Li Y. Identification of hub biomarkers and immune cell infiltration in polymyositis and dermatomyositis. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:4530-55. [PMID: 35609018 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Polymyositis (PM) and dermatomyositis (DM) are heterogeneous disorders. However, the etiology of PM/DM development has not been thoroughly clarified. Methods: Gene expression data of PM/DM were obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus. We used robust rank aggregation (RRA) to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene Ontology functional enrichment and pathway analyses were used to investigate potential functions of the DEGs. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to establish a gene co-expression network. CIBERSORT was utilized to analyze the pattern of immune cell infiltration in PM/DM. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) network, Venn, and association analyses between core genes and muscle injury were performed to identify hub genes. Receiver operating characteristic analyses were executed to investigate the value of hub genes in the diagnosis of PM/DM, and the results were verified using the microarray dataset GSE48280. Results: Five datasets were included. The RRA integrated analysis identified 82 significant DEGs. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that immune function and the interferon signaling pathway were enriched in PM/DM. WGCNA outcomes identified MEblue and MEturquoise as key target modules in PM/DM. Immune cell infiltration analysis revealed greater macrophage infiltration and lower regulatory T-cell infiltration in PM/DM patients than in healthy controls. PPI network, Venn, and association analyses of muscle injury identified five putative hub genes: TRIM22, IFI6, IFITM1, IFI35, and IRF9. Conclusions: Our bioinformatics analysis identified new genetic biomarkers of the pathogenesis of PM/DM. We demonstrated that immune cell infiltration plays a pivotal part in the occurrence of PM/DM.
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Dong D, Zhang Y, He H, Zhu Y, Ou H. Alpinetin inhibits macrophage infiltration and atherosclerosis by improving the thiol redox state: Requirement of GSk3β/Fyn-dependent Nrf2 activation. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22261. [PMID: 35332570 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101567r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Alpinetin is a plant flavonoid isolated from Alpinia katsumadai Hayata with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Monocyte infiltration into the intima promotes atherosclerotic development and causes plaque instability at the later stage, which is profoundly influenced by various oxidants. In this study, we investigated whether alpinetin restores the redox state to inhibit monocyte infiltration and ameliorates atherosclerosis. ApoE-deficient (ApoE-/- ) mice were fed a high-fat diet and treated with alpinetin. We found that alpinetin significantly attenuated atherosclerotic lesions and reduced necrotic core size associated with the reduction in infiltrated macrophages within the plaques. Alpinetin inhibited macrophage adhesion and migration, and the expression of chemokines and adhesion molecules, such as MCP-1, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1. Intraplaque MMP2 and MMP9 were reduced, while collagen contents were increased and elastin fiber was prevented from degradation in the alpinetin-treated mice. Data further showed that alpinetin reduced reactive oxygen species generation and promoted thiol-dependent glutathione and thioredoxin antioxidant systems in macrophages. Alpinetin activated Nfr2, an upstream activator of the thiol-dependent redox signaling by increasing the nuclear translocation. The nuclear accumulation of Nrf2 was enhanced by reducing nuclear export, which was achieved through the regulation of the GSk3β/Fyn pathway. Finally, inhibition of Nrf2 in HFD-apoE-/- mice blockaded the effect of alpinetin, which increased aortic macrophage recruitment and aggravated atherosclerosis concurrently with elevating the expression of MCP-1, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1. Altogether, these findings indicated that alpinetin improved Nrf2-mediated redox homeostasis, which consequently inhibited macrophage infiltration and atherosclerosis, suggesting a useful compound for treating atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doudou Dong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China
| | - Hui He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China
| | - Yuan Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China
| | - Hailong Ou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China
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17
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Ajay AK, Zhao L, Vig S, Fujiwara M, Thakurela S, Jadhav S, Cho A, Chiu IJ, Ding Y, Ramachandran K, Mithal A, Bhatt A, Chaluvadi P, Gupta MK, Shah SI, Sabbisetti VS, Waaga-Gasser AM, Frank DA, Murugaiyan G, Bonventre JV, Hsiao LL. Deletion of STAT3 from Foxd1 cell population protects mice from kidney fibrosis by inhibiting pericytes trans-differentiation and migration. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110473. [PMID: 35263586 PMCID: PMC10027389 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transduction and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a key transcription factor implicated in the pathogenesis of kidney fibrosis. Although Stat3 deletion in tubular epithelial cells is known to protect mice from fibrosis, vFoxd1 cells remains unclear. Using Foxd1-mediated Stat3 knockout mice, CRISPR, and inhibitors of STAT3, we investigate its function. STAT3 is phosphorylated in tubular epithelial cells in acute kidney injury, whereas it is expanded to interstitial cells in fibrosis in mice and humans. Foxd1-mediated deletion of Stat3 protects mice from folic-acid- and aristolochic-acid-induced kidney fibrosis. Mechanistically, STAT3 upregulates the inflammation and differentiates pericytes into myofibroblasts. STAT3 activation increases migration and profibrotic signaling in genome-edited, pericyte-like cells. Conversely, blocking Stat3 inhibits detachment, migration, and profibrotic signaling. Furthermore, STAT3 binds to the Collagen1a1 promoter in mouse kidneys and cells. Together, our study identifies a previously unknown function of STAT3 that promotes kidney fibrosis and has therapeutic value in fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrendra K Ajay
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Renal Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Shruti Vig
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mai Fujiwara
- Ann Romney Centre for Neurological Disease, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sudhir Thakurela
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Shreyas Jadhav
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andrew Cho
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - I-Jen Chiu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yan Ding
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Krithika Ramachandran
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Arushi Mithal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aanal Bhatt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pratyusha Chaluvadi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Manoj K Gupta
- Section of Islet Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sujal I Shah
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Venkata S Sabbisetti
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ana Maria Waaga-Gasser
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David A Frank
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Research Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gopal Murugaiyan
- Ann Romney Centre for Neurological Disease, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joseph V Bonventre
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Li-Li Hsiao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Chen RX, Zheng S, Guo CY, Zhang Q. [Effects of Astragalus polysaccharide on imiquimod-induced psoriasiform dermatitis in mice and its mechanisms]. Zhongguo Ying Yong Sheng Li Xue Za Zhi 2022; 38:154-159. [PMID: 36031574 DOI: 10.12047/j.cjap.6214.2022.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effects and mechanisms of Astragalus polysaccharide on improving imiquimod-induced psoriasiform dermatitis in mice. Methods: Forty healthy female C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 5 groups, including blank control group, model group, astragalus polysaccharide high-dose group (200 mg/kg), medium-dose group (100 mg/kg) and low-dose group (50 mg/kg), with 8 mice in each group. The mice in model group and astragalus polysaccharide treatment group were treated with 5% imiquimod cream on the back to induce psoriasiform dermatitis. PASI score was monitored, and the secretion of inflammatory factors was determined by ELISA. The secretion of inflammatory factors was closely related to the infiltration of macrophages. The infiltration of macrophages in skin was detected by flow cytometry to further explore the effect of different concentrations of APS on psoriasis. Results: Compared with control group, the PASI score and the serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were increased significantly (P<0.05), and the infiltration of macrophages in skin tissue was increased significantly in model group (P<0.05). Compared with model group, the PASI score was decreased significantly (P<0.05), and the serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were down-regulated significantly in astragalus polysaccharide high-dose and medium-dose groups (P<0.05). The infiltrating macrophages in skin tissue were decreased significantly in Astragalus polysaccharide high-dose group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Astragalus polysaccharide improve psoriasiform dermatitis in mice by inhibiting the infiltration of macrophages in skin tissue and decreasing the secretion of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Xi Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Longyan First Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Longyan 364000, China
| | - Sheng Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Longyan First Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Longyan 364000, China
| | - Chun-Yan Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Longyan First Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Longyan 364000, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Longyan First Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Longyan 364000, China
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Gu H, Xu Y, Du N, Yu Y, Zheng W, Du Y. Pb Induces MCP-1 in the Choroid Plexus. Biology (Basel) 2022; 11:308. [PMID: 35205174 PMCID: PMC8869661 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is an environmental element that has been implicated in the development of dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Additionally, innate immune activation contributes to AD pathophysiology. However, the mechanisms involved remain poorly understood. The choroid plexus (CP) is not only the site of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production, but also an important location for communication between the circulation and the CSF. In this study, we investigated the involvement of the CP during Pb exposure by evaluating the expression of the monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). MCP-1 is highly expressed in the CP compared to other CNS tissues. MCP-1 regulates macrophage infiltration and is upregulated in AD brains. Our study revealed that Pb exposure stimulated MCP-1 expression, along with a significantly increased macrophage infiltration into the CP. By using cultured Z310 rat CP cells, Pb exposure stimulated MCP-1 expression in a dose-related fashion and markedly activated both NF-κB and p38 MAP kinase. Interestingly, both SB 203580, a p38 inhibitor, and BAY 11-7082, an NF-κB p65 inhibitor, significantly blocked Pb-induced MCP-1 expression. However, SB203580 did not directly inhibit NF-κB p65 phosphorylation. In conclusion, Pb exposure stimulates MCP-1 expression via the p38 and NF-κB p65 pathways along with macrophage infiltration into the CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Gu
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (H.G.); (Y.X.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yundan Xu
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (H.G.); (Y.X.); (Y.Y.)
- School of Basic Medical Science, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Nicole Du
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA;
| | - Yongqi Yu
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (H.G.); (Y.X.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Wei Zheng
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
| | - Yansheng Du
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (H.G.); (Y.X.); (Y.Y.)
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20
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Xu C, Fan L, Lin Y, Shen W, Qi Y, Zhang Y, Chen Z, Wang L, Long Y, Hou T, Si J, Chen S. Fusobacterium nucleatum promotes colorectal cancer metastasis through miR-1322/CCL20 axis and M2 polarization. Gut Microbes 2022; 13:1980347. [PMID: 34632963 PMCID: PMC8510564 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1980347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors and is associated with Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum, Fn) infection. In this study, we explored the role of F. nucleatum in the CRC metastasis. Our results showed that the abundance of F. nucleatum was enriched in the feces and tumors of patients with CRC and tended to increase in stage IV compared to stage I in patients with metastatic CRC. Tumor-derived CCL20 activated by F. nucleatum not only increases CRC metastasis, but also participates in the reprograming of the tumor microenvironment. F. nucleatum promoted macrophage infiltration through CCL20 activation and simultaneously induced M2 macrophage polarization, enhancing the metastasis of CRC. In addition, we identified using database prediction and luciferase activity hat miR-1322, a candidate regulatory micro-RNA, could bind to CCL20 directly. F. nucleatum infection decreased the expression of miR-1322 by activating the NF-κB signaling pathway in CRC cells. In conclusion, F. nucleatum promotes CRC metastasis through the miR-1322/CCL20 axis and M2 polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaochao Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lina Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yifeng Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiyi Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,CONTACT Shujie Chen
| | - Yadong Qi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhehang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanqin Long
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tongyao Hou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Tongyao Hou Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3 Qingchun East Road, Hangzho, 310003, China
| | - Jianmin Si
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,Jianmin Si
| | - Shujie Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,CONTACT Shujie Chen
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21
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Rodriguez R, Lee AY, Godoy-Lugo JA, Martinez B, Ohsaki H, Nakano D, Parkes DG, Nishiyama A, Vázquez-Medina JP, Ortiz RM. Chronic AT 1 blockade improves hyperglycemia by decreasing adipocyte inflammation and decreasing hepatic PCK1 and G6PC1 expression in obese rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 321:E714-E727. [PMID: 34658252 PMCID: PMC8782654 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00584.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Inappropriate activation of the renin-angiotensin system decreases glucose uptake in peripheral tissues. Chronic angiotensin receptor type 1 (AT1) blockade (ARB) increases glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and decreases the abundance of large adipocytes and macrophage infiltration in adipose. However, the contributions of each tissue to the improvement in hyperglycemia in response to AT1 blockade are not known. Therefore, we determined the static and dynamic responses of soleus muscle, liver, and adipose to an acute glucose challenge following the chronic blockade of AT1. We measured adipocyte morphology along with TNF-α expression, F4/80- and CD11c-positive cells in adipose and measured insulin receptor (IR) phosphorylation and AKT phosphorylation in soleus muscle, liver, and retroperitoneal fat before (T0), 60 (T60) and 120 (T120) min after an acute glucose challenge in the following groups of male rats: 1) Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO; lean control; n = 5/time point), 2) obese Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF; n = 7 or 8/time point), and 3) OLETF + ARB (ARB; 10 mg olmesartan/kg/day; n = 7 or 8/time point). AT1 blockade decreased adipocyte TNF-α expression and F4/80- and CD11c-positive cells. In retroperitoneal fat at T60, IR phosphorylation was 155% greater in ARB than in OLETF. Furthermore, in retroperitoneal fat AT1 blockade increased glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4) protein expression in ARB compared with OLETF. IR phosphorylation and AKT phosphorylation were not altered in the liver of OLETF, but AT1 blockade decreased hepatic Pck1 and G6pc1 mRNA expressions. Collectively, these results suggest that chronic AT1 blockade improves obesity-associated hyperglycemia in OLETF rats by improving adipocyte function and by decreasing hepatic glucose production via gluconeogenesis.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Inappropriate activation of the renin-angiotensin system increases adipocyte inflammation contributing to the impairment in adipocyte function and increases hepatic Pck1 and G6pc1 mRNA expression in response to a glucose challenge. Ultimately, these effects may contribute to the development of glucose intolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Rodriguez
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of California, Merced, California
| | - Andrew Y Lee
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of California, Merced, California
| | - Jose A Godoy-Lugo
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of California, Merced, California
| | - Bridget Martinez
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of California, Merced, California
| | - Hiroyuki Ohsaki
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Daisuke Nakano
- Department of Pharmacology, Kagawa University Medical School, Kagawa, Japan
| | | | - Akira Nishiyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Kagawa University Medical School, Kagawa, Japan
| | | | - Rudy M Ortiz
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of California, Merced, California
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22
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Yang J, Yu S, Zhang G, Zheng Z, Li P, Mei S, Han X. Different expressions of aquaporin water channels and macrophages infiltration in human cervix remodeling during pregnancy. Biol Reprod 2021; 106:173-184. [PMID: 34664639 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite aquaporin water channels (AQPs) play a critical role in maintaining water homeostasis in female reproductive tract and prompt a gradual increase in water content in cervical edema as pregnancy progressed, their relationship with macrophage infiltration and collagen content in human cervical remodeling need to be further investigated. This is the first study to examine the expression and localization of AQP3, AQP4, AQP5, AQP8 and macrophages simultaneously in human cervical ripening. The immunoreactivity of these AQPs was 2.6 to 6-fold higher on gestational weeks 26 (GD26W) than that on GD6W and GD15W, but AQP4 expression on GD39W dropped a similar extent on GD15W, other AQPs continued to rise on GD39W. The AQP3, AQP4 and AQP5 intensity seemed more abundant in cervical stroma than in the perivascular area on GD26W; the distribution of AQP3, AQP5 and AQP8 in cervical stroma was equivalent to that in the perivascular area on GD39W. Macrophage numbers were 1.7-fold higher in subepithelium region and 3.0-fold higher in center area on GD26W than that on GD15W; such numbers remained elevated on GD39W. The electron micrographs showed that cervical extensibility increased significantly on GD26W and GD39W accompanied with increased macrophage infiltration, cervical water content and much more space among collagen fibers. These findings suggest that the upregulation of AQPs expression in human cervix is closely related to enhanced macrophage infiltration during pregnancy; there may be a positive feedback mechanism between them to lead the increase of water content and the degradation of collagen.
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23
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Li L, Zhang L, Chen D, Yu K, Gan H, Yang G. PEDF relieves kidney injury in type 2 diabetic nephropathy mice by reducing macrophage infiltration. Endokrynol Pol 2021; 72:643-651. [PMID: 34647607 DOI: 10.5603/ep.a2021.0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a multifunctional protein with anti-angiogenic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. PEDF is involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy, but its exact role in diabetic kidneys remains unclear. P78-PEDF is an active peptide sequence consisting of 44 amino acids with biological activity similar to that of PEDF. The present study aimed to investigate whether PEDF can alleviate renal damage in type 2 diabetic nephropathy mice by inhibiting macrophage infiltration. MATERIAL AND METHODS The db/db mice were randomly divided into a diabetes PEDF intervention group (DM-P78-PEDF), a diabetes empty carrier intervention group (DM-Vehicle), and a diabetes mellitus group (DM). Subsequently, they were injected subcutaneously P78-PEDF (0.3 μg/g/d) and PBS for 6 weeks. The ratio of kidney weight to body weight was observed in the mice. An automatic biochemical analyser was used to determine fasting blood glucose (GLU), blood urea nitrogen (UREA), serum creatinine (CREA), and haemoglobin (Hb) content. Histological and ultrastructural pathological changes in the kidneys were examined through H&E and PAS staining. Kidney tissue levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) were determined by ELISA. Expression of the macrophage infiltration and typing as well as that of PEDF, NF-kB, and TLR4 was evaluated in the kidneys. RESULTS PEDF was located in glomeruli, and the expression of PEDF protein and mRNA in the kidney of diabetic mice declined significantly. Compared with diabetic mice treated with vehicle, continuous infusion of P78-PEDF could reduce blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine (CREA), renal macrophage recruitment, inflammatory cytokines, and histological changes and restore the expression of TLR4/NF-κB signalling pathway-related factors in diabetic mice. CONCLUSION These findings highlight the importance of P78-PEDF peptide as a potential treatment in the occurrence and development of diabetic renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China.
| | - Lan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Danyan Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Keping Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Hua Gan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gangyi Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
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24
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Dhanraj P, van Heerden MB, Pepper MS, Ambele MA. Sexual Dimorphism in Changes That Occur in Tissues, Organs and Plasma during the Early Stages of Obesity Development. Biology (Basel) 2021; 10:717. [PMID: 34439950 DOI: 10.3390/biology10080717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Obesity is a global health concern with numerous associated comorbidities. This study aims to provide a qualitative assessment of changes that may occur in tissues, organs, and plasma during the early stages of obesity development and how it may differ between male and female using a mouse model of diet induced obesity. Notable changes, not previously reported, were observed in the lungs, liver, kidney, spleen, and heart, which may suggest early signs of developing an obesity associated comorbidity. Leptin levels with notable sexual dimorphisms changes significantly in early obesity and was observed to also correlate with insulin levels. Interestingly, males and females showed different inflammatory cytokine profiles with females exhibiting a more anti-inflammatory cytokine profile, notably the IL-6/IL-10 axis of cytokine regulation may account for their significantly lower weight gain compared to males. Thus, this study provides valuable information which may aid in understanding the development of some obesity associated diseases at the early stages and could assist in developing effective intervention strategies in males and females. Abstract Despite obesity being a major health concern, information on the early clinical changes that occur in plasma and tissues during obesity development and the influence of sexual dimorphism is lacking. This study investigated changes in tissue and organ histology, macrophage infiltration, plasma hormones, lipid, and chemokine and cytokine levels in mice fed on a high fat diet for 11-weeks. An increase in adiposity, accompanied by adipocyte hypertrophy and macrophage infiltration, was observed to be significantly greater in males than females. Important changes in cell morphology and histology were noted in the lungs, liver, kidney, spleen, and heart, which may indicate early signs for developing obesity associated comorbidities. Leptin, but not adiponectin, was significantly altered during weight gain. Additionally, leptin, but not adiposity, correlated with insulin levels. Interestingly, GM-CSF, TNFα, and IL-12 (p70) were not produced in the early stages of obesity development. Meanwhile, the production of MCP-1, IP-10, RANTES, IL-10, IL-6, KC, and IL-9 were greatly influenced by sexual dimorphism. Importantly, IL-6/IL-10 axis of anti-inflammatory cytokine regulation was observed only in females and may account for their significantly lower weight gain compared to males. This study provides new knowledge on how sexual dimorphism may influence the development of obesity and associated comorbidities.
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Pandya AD, Iversen TG, Moestue S, Grinde MT, Mørch Ý, Snipstad S, Åslund AKO, Øy GF, Kildal W, Engebråten O, Sandvig K, Skotland T, Mælandsmo GM. Biodistribution of Poly(alkyl cyanoacrylate) Nanoparticles in Mice and Effect on Tumor Infiltration of Macrophages into a Patient-Derived Breast Cancer Xenograft. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:nano11051140. [PMID: 33924869 PMCID: PMC8145722 DOI: 10.3390/nano11051140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the biodistribution and tumor macrophage infiltration after intravenous injection of the poly(alkyl cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles (NPs): PEBCA (poly(2-ethyl-butyl cyanoacrylate), PBCA (poly(n-butyl cyanoacrylate), and POCA (poly(octyl cyanoacrylate), in mice. These NPs are structurally similar, have similar PEGylation, and have previously been shown to give large variations in cellular responses in vitro. The PEBCA NPs had the highest uptake both in the patient-derived breast cancer xenograft MAS98.12 and in lymph nodes, and therefore, they are the most promising of these NPs for delivery of cancer drugs. High-resolution magic angle spinning magnetic resonance (HR MAS MR) spectroscopy did not reveal any differences in the metabolic profiles of tumors following injection of the NPs, but the PEBCA NPs resulted in higher tumor infiltration of the anti-tumorigenic M1 macrophages than obtained with the two other NPs. The PEBCA NPs also increased the ratio of M1/M2 (anti-tumorigenic/pro-tumorigenic) macrophages in the tumors, suggesting that these NPs might be used both as a vehicle for drug delivery and to modulate the immune response in favor of enhanced therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhilash D. Pandya
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway; (A.D.P.); (G.F.Ø.); (O.E.)
| | - Tore-Geir Iversen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway; (T.-G.I.); (K.S.)
| | - Siver Moestue
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway;
| | - Maria T. Grinde
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway;
| | - Ýrr Mørch
- SINTEF AS, Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, 7034 Trondheim, Norway; (Ý.M.); (S.S.); (A.K.O.Å.)
| | - Sofie Snipstad
- SINTEF AS, Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, 7034 Trondheim, Norway; (Ý.M.); (S.S.); (A.K.O.Å.)
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Cancer Clinic, St. Olav’s Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Andreas K. O. Åslund
- SINTEF AS, Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, 7034 Trondheim, Norway; (Ý.M.); (S.S.); (A.K.O.Å.)
| | - Geir F. Øy
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway; (A.D.P.); (G.F.Ø.); (O.E.)
| | - Wanja Kildal
- Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Olav Engebråten
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway; (A.D.P.); (G.F.Ø.); (O.E.)
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten Sandvig
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway; (T.-G.I.); (K.S.)
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Tore Skotland
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway; (T.-G.I.); (K.S.)
- Correspondence: (T.S.); (G.M.M.)
| | - Gunhild M. Mælandsmo
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway; (A.D.P.); (G.F.Ø.); (O.E.)
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø, 9019 Tromsø, Norway
- Correspondence: (T.S.); (G.M.M.)
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Sucedaram Y, Johns EJ, Husain R, Abdul Sattar M, H Abdulla M, Nelli G, Rahim NS, Khalilpourfarshbafi M, Abdullah NA. Exposure to High-Fat Style Diet Induced Renal and Liver Structural Changes, Lipid Accumulation and Inflammation in Intact and Ovariectomized Female Rats. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:689-710. [PMID: 33716510 PMCID: PMC7944944 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s299083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We hypothesized that low estrogen levels aggravate obesity-related complications. Diet-induced obesity can cause distinct pathologies, including impaired glucose tolerance, inflammation, and organ injury that leads to fatty liver and chronic kidney diseases. To test this hypothesis, ovariectomized (OVX) rats were fed a high-fat style diet (HFSD), and we examined structural changes and inflammatory response in the kidney and liver. Methods Sprague-Dawley female rats were ovariectomized or sham-operated and divided into four groups: sham-operated rats fed a normal diet (ND); ovariectomized rats fed a normal diet (OVX-ND); sham-operated rats fed a HFSD; ovariectomized rats fed a high-fat style diet (OVX-HFSD). Mean blood pressure and fasting blood glucose were measured on weeks 0 and 10. The rats were sacrificed 10 weeks after initiation of ND or HFSD, the kidney and liver were harvested for histological, immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence studies. Results HFSD-fed rats presented a significantly greater adiposity index compared to their ND counterparts. Liver index, fasting blood glucose and mean blood pressure was increased in OVX-HFSD rats compared to HFSD rats at study terminal. Histological and morphometric studies showed focal interstitial mononuclear cell infiltration in the kidney of HFSD rats with mesangial expansion being greater in the OVX-HFSD rats. Both HFSD fed groups showed increased expressions of renal inflammatory markers, namely TNF-alpha, IL-6 and MCP-1, and infiltrating M1 macrophages with some influence of ovarian hormonal status. HFSD-feeding also caused hepatocellular steatosis which was aggravated in ovariectomized rats fed the same diet. Furthermore, hepatocellular ballooning was observed only in the OVX-HFSD rats. Similarly, HFSD-fed rats showed increased expressions of the inflammatory markers and M1 macrophage infiltration in the liver; however, only IL-6 expression was magnified in the OVX-HFSD. Conclusion Our data suggest that some of the structural changes and inflammatory response in the kidney and liver of rats fed a HFSD are exacerbated by ovariectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamuna Sucedaram
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Edward James Johns
- Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, T12 K8AF, Ireland
| | - Ruby Husain
- Department of Physiology, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Munavvar Abdul Sattar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Mohammed H Abdulla
- Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, T12 K8AF, Ireland
| | - Giribabu Nelli
- Department of Physiology, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Nur Syahrina Rahim
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Science, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai, 71800, Malaysia
| | | | - Nor Azizan Abdullah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
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Li Z, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Yu L, Xiao B, Li T, Kong X, Xu Y. Corrigendum: BRG1 Stimulates Endothelial Derived Alarmin MRP8 to Promote Macrophage Infiltration in an Animal Model of Cardiac Hypertrophy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:650029. [PMID: 33575261 PMCID: PMC7872002 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.650029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Li
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Biomedical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yangxi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liming Yu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Xiao
- Pancreas Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianfa Li
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Xiaocen Kong
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medial University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Biomedical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
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Li Z, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Yu L, Xiao B, Li T, Kong X, Xu Y. BRG1 Stimulates Endothelial Derived Alarmin MRP8 to Promote Macrophage Infiltration in an Animal Model of Cardiac Hypertrophy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:569. [PMID: 32733885 PMCID: PMC7358314 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell derived angiocrine factors contribute to the disruption of homeostasis and the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases in response to stress stimuli. In the present study we investigated the role of BRG1, a key component of the chromatin remodeling complex, in the regulation of angiocrine signaling. We report that angiotensin II (Ang II) induced pathological cardiac hypertrophy was attenuated in mice with endothelial-specific ablation of BRG1 (ecKO) compared to the control mice (WT). Mitigation of cardiac hypertrophy as a result of BRG1 deficiency was accompanied by decreased macrophage homing to the hearts. This could be explained by the observation that the ecKO mice exhibited down-regulation of myeloid-related protein 8 (MRP8), a well-established chemokine for macrophages, in vascular endothelial cells compared to the WT mice. Further analysis revealed that BRG1 mediated the activation of MRP8 expression by Ang II treatment in endothelial cells to promote macrophage migration. BRG1 was recruited to the MRP8 promoter by interacting with hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1α). Reciprocally, BRG1 facilitated the binding of HIF-1α to the MRP8 promoter by sequentially recruiting histone acetyltransferase p300 and histone demethylase KDM3A. Depletion of either p300 or KDM3A repressed the induction of MRP8 expression by Ang II and ameliorated macrophage migration. In conclusion, our data delineate a novel epigenetic pathway whereby Ang II stimulates MRP8 production and macrophage homing to promote cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Li
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Biomedical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yangxi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liming Yu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Xiao
- Pancreas Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianfa Li
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Xiaocen Kong
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Nanjing Municipal Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Biomedical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
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García-Eguren G, Sala-Vila A, Giró O, Vega-Beyhart A, Hanzu FA. Long-term hypercortisolism induces lipogenesis promoting palmitic acid accumulation and inflammation in visceral adipose tissue compared with HFD-induced obesity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 318:E995-E1003. [PMID: 32315213 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00516.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) play critical roles in adipose tissue metabolism. Here, we compare in a mouse model the effects of chronic glucocorticoid excess and diet-induced obesity on white adipose tissue mass and distribution, by focusing on visceral adipose tissue (VAT) fatty acid composition changes, the role of de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and the inflammatory state. We used a noninvasive mouse model of hypercortisolism to compare GC-induced effects on adipose tissue with diet-induced obesity [high-fat diet (HFD) 45%] and control mice after 10 wk of treatment. Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and VAT mass and distribution were measured by nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI). Fatty acid composition in VAT was analyzed by NMR spectroscopy and gas chromatography. Gene expression of key enzymes involved in DNL was analyzed in liver and VAT. Macrophage infiltration markers and proinflammatory cytokines were measured by gene expression in VAT. HFD or GC treatment induced similar fat mass expansion with comparable distribution between SAT and VAT depots. However, in VAT, GCs induce DNL, higher palmitic acid (PA), macrophage infiltration, and proinflammatory cytokine levels, accompanied by systemic nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) elevation, hyperinsulinemia, and higher homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels compared with diet-induced obesity. Thus, chronic hypercortisolism induces DNL and fatty acid composition changes toward increased SFA and reduced polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels in VAT, promoting macrophage recruitment and proinflammatory cytokines, suggesting a worse cardiometabolic profile even compared with HFD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aleix Sala-Vila
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Oriol Giró
- Group of Endocrine Disorders, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Felicia A Hanzu
- Group of Endocrine Disorders, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Jerebtsova M, Ahmad A, Kumari N, Rutagarama O, Nekhai S. Macrophage HIV-1 Gene Expression and Delay Resolution of Inflammation in HIV-Tg Mice. Viruses 2020; 12:v12030277. [PMID: 32121564 PMCID: PMC7150751 DOI: 10.3390/v12030277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
While antiretroviral therapy increases the longevity of people living with HIV (PLWH), about 30% of this population suffers from three or more concurrent comorbidities, whose mechanisms are not well understood. Chronic activation and dysfunction of the immune system could be one potential cause of these comorbidities. We recently demonstrated reduced macrophage infiltration and delayed resolution of inflammation in the lungs of HIV-transgenic mice. Additionally, trans-endothelial migration of HIV-positive macrophages was reduced in vitro. Here, we analyze macrophages’ response to LPS challenge in the kidney and peritoneum of HIV-Tg mice. In contrast to the lung infiltration, renal and peritoneal macrophage infiltrations were similar in WT and HIV-Tg mice. Higher levels of HIV-1 gene expression were detected in lung macrophages compared to peritoneal macrophages. In peritoneal macrophages, HIV-1 gene expression was increased when they were cultured at 21% O2 compared to 5% O2, inversely correlating with reduced trans-endothelial migration at higher oxygen levels in vitro. The resolution of macrophage infiltration was reduced in both the lung and the peritoneal cavity of HIV-Tg mice. Taken together, our study described the organ-specific alteration of macrophage dynamics in HIV-Tg mice. The delayed resolution of macrophage infiltration might constitute a risk factor for the development of multiple comorbidities in PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Jerebtsova
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA;
- Correspondence: (M.J.); (S.N.)
| | - Asrar Ahmad
- Center for Sickle Cell Disease, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA; (A.A.); (N.K.)
| | - Namita Kumari
- Center for Sickle Cell Disease, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA; (A.A.); (N.K.)
| | - Ornela Rutagarama
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA;
| | - Sergei Nekhai
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA;
- Center for Sickle Cell Disease, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA; (A.A.); (N.K.)
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
- Correspondence: (M.J.); (S.N.)
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Park CY, Kim TY, Yoo JS, Seo Y, Pae M, Han SN. Effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on the Inflammatory Responses of Stromal Vascular Cells and Adipocytes from Lean and Obese Mice. Nutrients 2020; 12:E364. [PMID: 32019160 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D status has been implicated in obesity and adipose tissue inflammation. In the present study, we explored the effects of dietary vitamin D supplementation on adipose tissue inflammation and immune cell population, and the effects of in vitro 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3) treatment on pro-inflammatory cytokine production by stromal vascular cells (SVCs) and adipocytes in lean and high-fat diet-induced obese mice. The results show that epididymal fat Mcp-1 and Rantes mRNA levels, which were higher in obese mice compared with lean mice, were significantly down-regulated by vitamin D supplementation. While obese mice had higher numbers of macrophages and natural killer (NK) cells within adipose tissue, these remained unaltered by vitamin D supplementation. In accordance with these in vivo findings, the in vitro 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment decreased IL-6, MCP-1, and IL-1β production by SVCs from obese mice, but not by adipocytes. In addition, 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment significantly decreased Tlr2 expression and increased mRNA levels of Iκba and Dusp1 in SVCs. These findings suggest that vitamin D supplementation attenuates inflammatory response in adipose tissue, especially in SVCs, possibly through inhibiting NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways in SVCs but not by the inhibition of macrophage infiltration.
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Chang N, Duan X, Zhao Z, Tian L, Ji X, Yang L, Li L. Both HuR and miR-29s regulate expression of CB1 involved in infiltration of bone marrow monocyte/macrophage in chronic liver injury. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:2532-2544. [PMID: 31495934 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived monocytes/macrophages (BMMs) play a vital role in liver inflammation and fibrogenesis. Cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) mediates the recruitment of BMMs into the injured liver. In this study, we revealed the molecular mechanisms under CB1-mediated BMM infiltration. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 ) was employed to induce mouse liver injury. In vivo, human antigen R (HuR) was upregulated in macrophages of injured liver. HuR messenger RNA (mRNA) expression was positively correlated with CB1 and F4/80 mRNA expression. Furthermore, we detected the binding between HuR and CB1 mRNA in CCl4 -treated livers. In vitro, HuR modulated arachidonyl-2'-chloroethylamide (ACEA, CB1 agonist)-induced BMM migration by regulating CB1 expression. HuR promoted CB1 expression via binding to CB1 mRNA. ACEA promoted the association between HuR and CB1 mRNA via inducing HuR nucleoplasmic transport. In the cytoplasm, HuR competed with the miR-29 family to improve CB1 expression and BMM migration. In conclusion, our results prove that HuR regulates CB1 expression and influences ACEA-induced BMM migration by competing with miR-29 family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Chang
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xianghui Duan
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongxin Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Tian
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofang Ji
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liying Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Pandya AD, Jäger E, Bagheri Fam S, Höcherl A, Jäger A, Sincari V, Nyström B, Štěpánek P, Skotland T, Sandvig K, Hrubý M, Mælandsmo GM. Paclitaxel-loaded biodegradable ROS-sensitive nanoparticles for cancer therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:6269-6285. [PMID: 31496685 PMCID: PMC6689768 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s208938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydrogen peroxide and superoxide, trigger biodegradation of polymer-based nanoparticles (NPs) bearing pinacol-type boronic ester groups. These NPs may selectively release their cargo, in this case paclitaxel (PTX), at the high levels of ROS present in the intracellular environment of inflamed tissues and most tumors. Purpose The main objective was to determine anti-tumor efficacy of PTX-loaded ROS-sensitive NPs and to examine whether macrophage infiltration had any impact on treatment efficacy. Methods NPs were synthesized and their characteristics in the presence of H2O2 were demonstrated. Both confocal microscopy as well as flow cytometry approaches were used to determine degradation of ROS-sensitive NPs. HeLa cells were cultured in vitro and used to establish tumor xenografts in nude mice. In vivo experiments were performed to understand toxicity, biodistribution and anti-tumor efficacy of the NPs. Moreover, we performed immunohistochemistry on tumor sections to study infiltration of M1 and M2 subsets of macrophages. Results We demonstrated that PTX delivered in NPs containing a ROS-sensitive polymer exhibits a better anti-tumor efficacy than PTX in NPs containing ROS-non-sensitive polymer, free PTX or Abraxane® (nab-PTX). The biodistribution revealed that ROS-sensitive NPs exhibit retention in liver, spleen and lungs, suggesting a potential to target cancer metastasizing to these organs. Finally, we demonstrated a correlation between infiltrated macrophage subsets and treatment efficacy, possibly contributing to the efficient anti-tumor effects. Conclusion Treatment with ROS-sensitive NPs containing PTX gave an improved therapeutic effect in HeLa xenografts than their counterpart, free PTX or nab-PTX. Our data revealed a correlation between macrophage infiltration and efficiency of the different antitumor treatments, as the most effective NPs resulted in the highest infiltration of the anti-tumorigenic M1 macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhilash D Pandya
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eliézer Jäger
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry v.v.i, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Shahla Bagheri Fam
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anita Höcherl
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry v.v.i, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alessandro Jäger
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry v.v.i, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Sincari
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry v.v.i, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Bo Nyström
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Petr Štěpánek
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry v.v.i, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tore Skotland
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten Sandvig
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Martin Hrubý
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry v.v.i, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Gunhild M Mælandsmo
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway - University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
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Zhang J, Kong X, Jin X, Gao P, Wang M, Yang L. Bone marrow stromal cells transplantation promotes the resolution and recanalization of deep vein thrombosis in rabbits through regulating macrophage infiltration and angiogenesis. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:11680-11689. [PMID: 30790336 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to validate whether bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) transplantation could promote the resolution and recanalization of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and to explore the underlying mechanism. The right hind femoral vein was embolized to establish the DVT rabbit model. BMSCs from New Zealand white rabbits were isolated and identified, and then injected into DVT rabbits. After that, the extent of angiogenesis was determined by the amount of capillaries that were positive for antibody against vWF. Macrophage infiltration was measured by immunohistochemistry with F4/80 antibody. M1 or M2 macrophages were identified as F4/80 + CD11c + or F4/80 + CD206 + cells by using flow cytometry analysis, respectively. BMSCs were successfully isolated and identified. BMSCs transplantation promotes macrophage infiltration and angiogenesis in DVT rabbits. BMSCs transplantation causes M1/M2 polarization, altered cytokine production and increased monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) protein expression in DVT rabbits. However, injection of MCP-1 protein not only reversed the effects of BMSCs transplantation on macrophage infiltration and angiogenesis, but also reversed the effects of BMSCs transplantation on M1/M2 polarization and cytokine production in DVT rabbits. BMSCs transplantation promotes the resolution and recanalization of DVT in rabbits through regulating macrophage infiltration and angiogenesis, the underlying mechanism is associated with MCP-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyong Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiangqian Kong
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xing Jin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Peixian Gao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Maohua Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Le Yang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Oo ZY, Proctor M, Stevenson AJ, Nazareth D, Fernando M, Daignault SM, Lanagan C, Walpole S, Bonazzi V, Škalamera D, Snell C, Haass NK, Larsen JE, Gabrielli B. Combined use of subclinical hydroxyurea and CHK1 inhibitor effectively controls melanoma and lung cancer progression, with reduced normal tissue toxicity compared to gemcitabine. Mol Oncol 2019; 13:1503-1518. [PMID: 31044505 PMCID: PMC6599846 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Drugs such as gemcitabine that increase replication stress are effective chemotherapeutics in a range of cancer settings. These drugs effectively block replication and promote DNA damage, triggering a cell cycle checkpoint response through the ATR–CHK1 pathway. Inhibiting this signalling pathway sensitises cells to killing by replication stress‐inducing drugs. Here, we investigated the effect of low‐level replication stress induced by low concentrations (> 0.2 mm) of the reversible ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor hydroxyurea (HU), which slows S‐phase progression but has little effect on cell viability or proliferation. We demonstrate that HU effectively synergises with CHK1, but not ATR inhibition, in > 70% of melanoma and non‐small‐cell lung cancer cells assessed, resulting in apoptosis and complete loss of proliferative potential in vitro and in vivo. Normal fibroblasts and haemopoietic cells retain viability and proliferative potential following exposure to CHK1 inhibitor plus low doses of HU, but normal cells exposed to CHK1 inhibitor combined with submicromolar concentrations of gemcitabine exhibited complete loss of proliferative potential. The effects of gemcitabine on normal tissue correlate with irreversible ATR–CHK1 pathway activation, whereas low doses of HU reversibly activate CHK1 independently of ATR. The combined use of CHK1 inhibitor and subclinical HU also triggered an inflammatory response involving the recruitment of macrophages in vivo. These data indicate that combining CHK1 inhibitor with subclinical HU is superior to combination with gemcitabine, as it provides equal anticancer efficacy but with reduced normal tissue toxicity. These data suggest a significant proportion of melanoma and lung cancer patients could benefit from treatment with this drug combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zay Yar Oo
- Smiling for Smiddy Research Group, Translational Research Institute, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland-Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Martina Proctor
- Smiling for Smiddy Research Group, Translational Research Institute, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Alexander J Stevenson
- Smiling for Smiddy Research Group, Translational Research Institute, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Deborah Nazareth
- Smiling for Smiddy Research Group, Translational Research Institute, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Madushan Fernando
- Smiling for Smiddy Research Group, Translational Research Institute, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sheena M Daignault
- Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland-Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Catherine Lanagan
- Smiling for Smiddy Research Group, Translational Research Institute, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sebastian Walpole
- Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland-Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Vanessa Bonazzi
- Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland-Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Dubravka Škalamera
- Smiling for Smiddy Research Group, Translational Research Institute, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Cameron Snell
- Smiling for Smiddy Research Group, Translational Research Institute, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Mater Pathology, Mater Adults Hospital, Mater Misericordiae Limited, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nikolas K Haass
- Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland-Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jill E Larsen
- QIMR-Berghofer Medical Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Brian Gabrielli
- Smiling for Smiddy Research Group, Translational Research Institute, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland-Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Australia
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36
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Sun Y, Mao Q, Shen C, Wang C, Jia W. Exosomes from β-cells alleviated hyperglycemia and enhanced angiogenesis in islets of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2019; 12:2053-2064. [PMID: 31632115 PMCID: PMC6790122 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s213400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Exosomes are small nanoscale vesicles secreted from cells. Exosome-based therapeutic approaches have been evaluated in treating ischemic diseases. In the present study, we explored the effect of exosomes on streptozotozin (STZ)-induced diabetic mouse and its underlying mechanisms. METHODS Exosomes were isolated from MIN6 cells. Transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering and Western blot were used to identify the exosomes. STZ was used to establish diabetic or abnormal glucose tolerance mouse model. Histology study and flow cytometry were applied to detect the changes in immune responses. RESULTS Transplantation of the exosomes into diabetic mice resulted in a longer median survival time compared with the untreated diabetic mice (P<0.01). Transplantation of the exosomes improved glucose tolerance, increased insulin content and preserved the architectures of islets in mice with abnormal glucose tolerance. Moreover, exosome treatment enhanced the expression of CD31, a marker of endothelial cells, and tended to reduce macrophage infiltration in islets of STZ-treated mice. CONCLUSION Exosomes derived from β-cells play a role in preserving pancreatic islet architecture and its function, and in inducing islet angiogenesis, which implicates that exosome treatment could be a novel therapeutic strategy for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai200233, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qianyun Mao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai200233, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Shen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai200233, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai200233, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Chen Wang Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Yishan Road, Shanghai200233, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 212 405 8657Fax +86 216 436 8031 Email
| | - Weiping Jia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai200233, People’s Republic of China
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Recasens M, Shrivastava K, Almolda B, González B, Castellano B. Astrocyte-targeted IL-10 production decreases proliferation and induces a downregulation of activated microglia/macrophages after PPT. Glia 2018; 67:741-758. [PMID: 30548340 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
When central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis is altered, microglial cells become rapidly activated, proliferate and release a broad range of molecules. Among the plethora of molecules involved in the regulation of microglial activation, cytokines are considered crucial. Although production of interleukin-10 (IL-10) has been demonstrated after different types of CNS injuries and associated with protective functions, the specific role played by IL-10 modulating microglial cells remains unclear. Hence, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of transgenic astrocyte IL-10 production on microglial activation associated with axonal anterograde degeneration. To address it, the hippocampal area subjected to perforant pathway transection (PPT) was analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC), flow cytometry and protein microarray in transgenic (GFAP-IL10Tg) mice and their corresponding wild types (WT) littermates. Our results demonstrated increased microglial/macrophages density in nonlesioned and PPT-lesioned GFAP-IL10Tg animals when compared with nonlesioned and lesioned WT, respectively. This increase was not due to proliferation, as GFAP-IL10Tg mice showed a reduced proliferation of microglial cells, but was related to an increased population of CD11b+/CD45high monocyte/macrophages. Despite this higher number, the microglia/macrophage population in transgenic animals displayed a downregulated phenotype characterized by lower MHCII, ICOSL, and CD11c. Moreover, a sustained T-cell infiltration was found in transgenic animals. We strongly suggest these modifications must be associated with indirect effects derived from the influence of IL-10 on astrocytes and/or neurons, which express IL-10R. We finally suggested that TGF-β produced by astrocytes, along with IL-2 and CXCL10 might be crucial molecules mediating the effects of transgenic IL-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Recasens
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neuroscience, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kalpana Shrivastava
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neuroscience, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Almolda
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neuroscience, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Berta González
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neuroscience, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bernardo Castellano
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neuroscience, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Knudsen KB, Berthing T, Jackson P, Poulsen SS, Mortensen A, Jacobsen NR, Skaug V, Szarek J, Hougaard KS, Wolff H, Wallin H, Vogel U. Physicochemical predictors of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube-induced pulmonary histopathology and toxicity one year after pulmonary deposition of 11 different Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in mice. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2018; 124:211-227. [PMID: 30168672 PMCID: PMC7379927 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) are widely used nanomaterials that cause pulmonary toxicity upon inhalation. The physicochemical properties of MWCNT vary greatly, which makes general safety evaluation challenging to conduct. Identification of the toxicity‐inducing physicochemical properties of MWCNT is therefore of great importance. We have evaluated histological changes in lung tissue 1 year after a single intratracheal instillation of 11 well‐characterized MWCNT in female C57BL/6N BomTac mice. Genotoxicity in liver and spleen was evaluated by the comet assay. The dose of 54 μg MWCNT corresponds to three times the estimated dose accumulated during a work life at a NIOSH recommended exposure limit (0.001 mg/m3). Short and thin MWCNT were observed as agglomerates in lung tissue 1 year after exposure, whereas thicker and longer MWCNT were detected as single fibres, suggesting biopersistence of both types of MWCNT. The thin and entangled MWCNT induced varying degree of pulmonary inflammation, in terms of lymphocytic aggregates, granulomas and macrophage infiltration, whereas two thick and straight MWCNT did not. By multiple regression analysis, larger diameter and higher content of iron predicted less histopathological changes, whereas higher cobalt content significantly predicted more histopathological changes. No MWCNT‐related fibrosis or tumours in the lungs or pleura was found. One thin and entangled MWCNT induced increased levels of DNA strand breaks in liver; however, no physicochemical properties could be related to genotoxicity. This study reveals physicochemical‐dependent difference in MWCNT‐induced long‐term, pulmonary histopathological changes. Identification of diameter size and cobalt content as important for MWCNT toxicity provides clues for designing MWCNT, which cause reduced human health effects following pulmonary exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina B Knudsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Trine Berthing
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Petra Jackson
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Sarah S Poulsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Alicja Mortensen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Nicklas R Jacobsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Vidar Skaug
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Józef Szarek
- Department of Pathophysiology, Forensic Veterinary Medicine and Administration, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Karin S Hougaard
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Henrik Wolff
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Håkan Wallin
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.,Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, DTU, Lyngby, Denmark
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Iannaccone M, Souteyrand G, Niccoli G, Mancone M, Sardella G, Tamburino C, Templin C, Gili S, Boccuzzi GG, D'Ascenzo F. Clinical impact of optical coherence tomography findings on culprit plaque in acute coronary syndrome: The OCT-FORMIDABLE study registry. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2018; 92:E486-E492. [PMID: 29745476 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.27633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical impact of the culprit plaque features assessed by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). METHODS The OCT-FORMIDABLE register enrolled retrospectively all consecutive patients who perform OCT on culprit plaque in patients with ACS in nine European centres. The primary endpoint was the prevalence of culprit plaque rupture (CPR) in patients experiencing major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). Secondary endpoint was the prevalence necrotic core with macrophage infiltrations (NCMI) in the patients experiencing MACEs. RESULTS Two-hundred and nine patients were included in the study. Mean age was 60.1 ± 12.9 years old, 19.1% were females. Main clinical presentation was ST-elevation myocardial infarction (55%). At OCT analysis, CPR was observed in 71.8% patients, while 31.6% presented NCMI. During follow-up (12.6 ± 14.5 months), 11% of the patients experienced MACEs. The presence of CPR (HR 3.7,1.4-9.8, P < .01) and NCMI (HR 3.3,1.6-6.6, P < .01) were independent predictors for MACEs, while dual antiplatelet therapy with prasugrel/ticagrelor at discharge (HR 0.2,0.1-0.6, P < .01) were protective. The protective impact of new antiplatelet drugs was reported only in patients with CPR while in patients without any of the baseline clinical or procedural features impacted on MACEs. CONCLUSIONS CPR and the presence of NCMI are independent predictors of worse outcome. Patients with CPR seem to benefit more of an intensive therapy, both from a pharmacological and interventional point of view. (NCT02486861).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Iannaccone
- "Città della Scienza e della Salute", Department of Cardiology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Department of Cardiology, "S.G. Bosco Hospital", Turin, Italy
| | - Geraud Souteyrand
- Cardiology Department, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France Cardio Vascular Interventional Therapy and Imaging (CaVITI), UMR CNRS 6284, Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Giampaolo Niccoli
- Institute of Cardiology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Mancone
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrologic, Anesthesiologic and Geriatric Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gennaro Sardella
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrologic, Anesthesiologic and Geriatric Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Corrado Tamburino
- Cardio-thoracic-vascular Department, Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Christian Templin
- Department of Cardiology, Zurich University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastiano Gili
- "Città della Scienza e della Salute", Department of Cardiology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Department of Cardiology, Zurich University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Fabrizio D'Ascenzo
- "Città della Scienza e della Salute", Department of Cardiology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Dal Monte M, Cammalleri M, Locri F, Amato R, Marsili S, Rusciano D, Bagnoli P. Fatty Acids Dietary Supplements Exert Anti-Inflammatory Action and Limit Ganglion Cell Degeneration in the Retina of the EAE Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis. Nutrients 2018; 10:E325. [PMID: 29517994 DOI: 10.3390/nu10030325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Optic neuritis is an acute inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the optic nerve (ON) and is an initial symptom of multiple sclerosis (MS). Optic neuritis is characterized by ON degeneration and retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss that contributes to permanent visual disability and lacks a reliable treatment. Here, we used the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model of MS, a well-established model also for optic neuritis. In this model, C57BL6 mice, intraperitoneally injected with a fragment of the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), were found to develop inflammation, Müller cell gliosis, and infiltration of macrophages with increased production of oncomodulin (OCM), a calcium binding protein that acts as an atypical trophic factor for neurons enabling RGC axon regeneration. Immunolabeling of retinal whole mounts with a Brn3a antibody demonstrated drastic RGC loss. Dietary supplementation with Neuro-FAG (nFAG®), a balanced mixture of fatty acids (FAs), counteracted inflammatory and gliotic processes in the retina. In contrast, infiltration of macrophages and their production of OCM remained at elevated levels thus eventually preserving OCM trophic activity. In addition, the diet supplement with nFAG exerted a neuroprotective effect preventing MOG-induced RGC death. In conclusion, these data suggest that the balanced mixture of FAs may represent a useful form of diet supplementation to limit inflammatory events and death of RGCs associated to optic neuritis. This would occur without affecting macrophage infiltration and the release of OCM thus favoring the maintenance of OCM neuroprotective role.
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41
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Cammalleri M, Dal Monte M, Locri F, Lardner E, Kvanta A, Rusciano D, André H, Bagnoli P. Efficacy of a Fatty Acids Dietary Supplement in a Polyethylene Glycol-Induced Mouse Model of Retinal Degeneration. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9101079. [PMID: 28961167 PMCID: PMC5691696 DOI: 10.3390/nu9101079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Current knowledge of the benefits of nutrition supplements for eye pathologies is based largely on the use of appropriate animal models, together with defined dietary supplementation. Here, C57BL6 mice were subretinally injected with polyethylene glycol (PEG)-400, an established model of retinal degeneration with a dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD)-like phenotype, an eye pathology that lacks treatment. In response to PEG-400, markers of the complement system, angiogenesis, inflammation, gliosis, and macrophage infiltration were upregulated in both retinas and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)/choroids, whereas dietary supplementation with a mixture based on fatty acids counteracted their upregulation. Major effects include a reduction of inflammation, in both retinas and RPE/choroids, and an inhibition of macrophage infiltration in the choroid, yet not in the retina, suggesting a targeted action through the choroidal vasculature. Histological analysis revealed a thinning of the outer nuclear layer (ONL), together with dysregulation of the epithelium layer in response to PEG-400. In addition, immunohistofluorescence demonstrated Müller cell gliosis and macrophage infiltration into subretinal tissues supporting the molecular findings. Reduced ONL thickness, gliosis, and macrophage infiltration were counteracted by the diet supplement. The present data suggest that fatty acids may represent a useful form of diet supplementation to prevent or limit the progression of dry AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Cammalleri
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, via San Zeno 31, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Massimo Dal Monte
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, via San Zeno 31, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Filippo Locri
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, via San Zeno 31, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
- Section of Eye and Vision, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, St Erik Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Polhemsgatan 50, SE-112 82 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Emma Lardner
- Section of Eye and Vision, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, St Erik Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Polhemsgatan 50, SE-112 82 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Anders Kvanta
- Section of Eye and Vision, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, St Erik Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Polhemsgatan 50, SE-112 82 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Dario Rusciano
- Sooft Fidia Pharma, Contrada Molino 17, 63833 Montegiorgio (FM), Italy.
| | - Helder André
- Section of Eye and Vision, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, St Erik Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Polhemsgatan 50, SE-112 82 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Paola Bagnoli
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, via San Zeno 31, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
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Lin T, Pajarinen J, Nabeshima A, Córdova LA, Loi F, Gibon E, Lu L, Nathan K, Jämsen E, Yao Z, Goodman SB. Orthopaedic wear particle-induced bone loss and exogenous macrophage infiltration is mitigated by local infusion of NF-κB decoy oligodeoxynucleotide. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 105:3169-3175. [PMID: 28782280 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Excessive production of wear particles from total joint replacements induces chronic inflammation, macrophage infiltration, and consequent bone loss (periprosthetic osteolysis). This inflammation and bone remodeling are critically regulated by the transcription factor NF-κB. We previously demonstrated that inhibition of NF-κB signaling by using the decoy oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) mitigates polyethylene wear particle-induced bone loss using in vitro and in vivo models. However, the mechanisms of NF-κB decoy ODN action, and in particular its impact on systemic macrophage recruitment, remain unknown. In the current study, this systemic macrophage infiltration was examined in our established murine femoral continuous particle infusion model. RAW264.7 murine macrophages expressing a luciferase reporter gene were injected into the systemic circulation. Quantification of bioluminescence showed that NF-κB decoy ODN reduced the homing of these reporter macrophages into the distal femurs exposed to continuous particle delivery. Particle-induced reduction in bone mineral density at the distal diaphysis of the femur was also mitigated by infusion of decoy ODN. Histological staining showed that the decoy ODN infusion decreased osteoclast and macrophage numbers, but had no significant effects on osteoblasts. Local infusion of NF-κB decoy ODN reduced systemic macrophage infiltration and mitigated particle-induced bone loss, thus providing a potential strategy to treat periprosthetic osteolysis. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 3169-3175, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzuhua Lin
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Jukka Pajarinen
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Akira Nabeshima
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Luis A Córdova
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile-CONICYT, Santiago, Chile
| | - Florence Loi
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Emmanuel Gibon
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California.,Department of Biomechanics and Bone and Joint Biomaterials Laboratory - UMR CNRS 7052, School of Medicine - Paris7 University, Paris, France
| | - Laura Lu
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Karthik Nathan
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Eemeli Jämsen
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Zhenyu Yao
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Stuart B Goodman
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California.,Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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Xu R. Mammary epithelial polarity and macrophage infiltration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 4. [PMID: 28664188 PMCID: PMC5485912 DOI: 10.14800/macrophage.1521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Loss of epithelial cell polarity and inflammation are hallmarks of breast cancer development. Although the association between the disruption of tissue polarity and inflammation has been demonstrated, we know little about how these two events are coupled. Using the 3D co-culture model of mammary epithelial cells and monocytes, a recent study reveals a link between disruption of epithelial polarity and monocytes infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Xu
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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Zou R, Xue J, Huang Q, Dai Z, Xu Y. Involvement of receptor-interacting protein 140 in palmitate-stimulated macrophage infiltration of pancreatic beta cells. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:483-494. [PMID: 28672957 PMCID: PMC5488400 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor-interacting protein 140 (RIP140) in macrophages stimulates the nuclear factor-κB subunit RelA to activate tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 transcription. However, under lipotoxic conditions, the involvement of RIP140 in the infiltration of beta cells by macrophages remains unknown. In the present study, murine RAW264.7 macrophages were transfected with a RIP140 overexpression plasmid or siRNA prior to macrophage activation with 500 µM palmitate. Palmitate-free conditioned media was then collected and added to murine insulinoma MIN6 cells. Significant decreases were observed in cell viability (P<0.01), glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (P<0.01) and levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (P<0.05), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and proliferating cell nuclear antigen mRNA (P<0.01) in MIN6 cells. In addition, conditioned media from palmitate-treated and RIP140-upregulated macrophages significantly increased the levels of uncoupling protein-2 (P<0.01), inducible nitric oxide synthase 1 (P<0.01) and pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (P<0.05) mRNA and levels of activated Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) (P<0.01) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 (P<0.01). In turn, the conditioned media was found to be significantly enriched in TNF-α and IL-6 (both P<0.05). These results were the opposite of those obtained from MIN6 cells treated with conditioned media from palmitate-treated and RIP140-knockdown macrophages. MIN6 cells were transfected with RIP140 overexpression plasmid or siRNA prior to treatment with 500 µM palmitate and supernatant was collected for use in macrophage chemotaxis assays. In the palmitate-activated and RIP140-overexpressing MIN6 cells, TNF-α and IL-6 secretion increased significantly (both P<0.05) and macrophage chemotaxis towards MIN6 cells was enhanced. By contrast, downregulating RIP140 in MIN6 cells had the opposite effect. These data suggest that RIP140 in macrophages mediates the transcription of inflammatory cytokines when concentration of palmitate is high. Macrophage RIP140 may also impair beta cell function by activating the JNK and ERK1/2 signaling pathways and promoting specific gene transcription. Furthermore, expression of RIP140 in pancreatic beta cells may stimulate macrophage chemotaxis, thus triggering local low-grade inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runmei Zou
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China.,Children's Medical Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Junli Xue
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Qi Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Dai
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Yancheng Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
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Nagai T, Urushihara M, Kinoshita Y, Jamba A, Kondo S, Kagami S. Differential regulation of angiotensin II-induced extracellular signal regulated kinase-1/2 and -5 in progressive glomerulonephritis. Nephrology (Carlton) 2017; 21:950-958. [PMID: 26624246 DOI: 10.1111/nep.12685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIM Extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and ERK5 are key kinases of the signalling pathways involved in various cellular responses to kidney injury; however, the mechanistic links between those kinase and renin-angiotensin system (RAS) activations in glomerulonephritis (GN) have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we sought to clarify the potential roles of ERK1/2 and ERK5 via RAS activation in the pathogenesis of GN. METHODS A rat model of progressive GN was induced by anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) injection and the signal transduction pathway in angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced glomerular pathologic alterations were investigated in primary cultured mesangial cells (MCs). RESULTS Rats developed typical cellular crescents in glomeruli on day 7 that progressed to severe fibrocellular crescents and glomerulosclerosis on day 28. Strong expression of phospho-ERK1/2 was observed on day 7 and phospho-ERK5 expression was markedly increased on day 28 of GN. An angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker (ARB) suppressed those augmentations. Moreover, ARB treatment attenuated the increases in macrophage infiltration and PCNA-positive cells observed on day 7 in GN rats, as well as the increase in collagen type 1 expression on day 28. Consistently, MCs stimulated by Ang II showed significant increases in proliferation and the expression of MCP-1 and collagen type 1. Interestingly, while the ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 abolished the elevations in MCP-1 expression and cell proliferation, the ERK5 inhibitor BIX02189 abrogated the elevation in collagen type 1 expression. CONCLUSION Altogether, these data suggest that ERK1/2 regulates acute inflammatory reactions, while ERK5 promotes the development of RAS-induced chronic glomerular fibrosis activation in GN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nagai
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Maki Urushihara
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
| | - Yukiko Kinoshita
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Ariunbold Jamba
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shuji Kondo
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shoji Kagami
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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Gao S, Zhang X, Qin Y, Xu S, Zhang J, Wang Z, Wang W, Kong D, Li C. Dual actions of Netrin-1 on islet insulin secretion and immune modulation. Clin Sci (Lond) 2016; 130:1901-11. [PMID: 27520508 DOI: 10.1042/CS20160133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Netrin-1 is typically known as a neural guidance cue, which has been implicated in pancreas development. Since regenerative, angiogenic and anti-inflammatory properties of Netrin-1 have been reported in multiple tissues, we have investigated the potential role of Netrin-1 in the endocrine islet and its implication in mice with high-fat diet (HFD)/streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. Effects of exogenous Netrin-1 on β-cell [Ca(2+)]i, cyclic AMP (cAMP) and insulin production were assessed in vitro The long-term impact of Netrin-1 treatment was then evaluated in HFD/STZ-induced diabetic mice by subcutaneous implantation of osmotic minipumps which release Netrin-1 in a sustained manner for 4 weeks. Immunostaining of pancreases of Netrin-1-treated and control animals were employed to examine islet morphology, vascularization and macrophage infiltration. Plasma insulin, glucagon and pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations were quantified by ELISA. Expression of endogenous Netrin-1 was also assessed by PCR and immunohistochemistry. We observed a stimulatory effect of Netrin-1 on in vitro insulin secretion by promoting β-cell Ca(2+) influx and cAMP production. After 4-week continuous exposure, a hypoglycaemic property of Netrin-1 was demonstrated, which is probably attributable to improved β-cell function, shown as increased insulin content and preproinsulin mRNA expression. Enhanced islet vascularization, reduced islet macrophage infiltration and ameliorated systemic inflammation were detected from HFD/STZ-induced diabetic mice after Netrin-1 administration. We propose a dual action of Netrin-1 in islets during pathophysiological hyperglycaemia: by maintaining insulin secretion while attenuating inflammation.
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Cha YJ, Lim BJ, Kim BS, Kim Y, Yoo TH, Han SH, Kang SW, Choi KH, Jeong HJ. Smoking-Related Renal Histologic Injury in IgA Nephropathy Patients. Yonsei Med J 2016; 57:209-16. [PMID: 26632403 PMCID: PMC4696955 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2016.57.1.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Smoking reportedly exerts deleterious effects on renal function; however, its effects on histology have not been clarified in patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN). MATERIALS AND METHODS Renal histology was evaluated in a cohort of 397 patients diagnosed with IgAN according to smoking status and dose in relation to renal function. RESULTS Among the study cohort, which was predominantly male (88.5%), 52 patients (13%) were current smokers. These current smokers demonstrated more frequent hypertension and higher serum creatinine levels than non/ex-smokers at the time of diagnosis, which was apparent with increased smoking dose. The percentages of global glomerulosclerosis and arteriolar hyalinosis increased with increased smoking dose, whereas tubulointerstitial fibrosis or arterial intimal thickening did not. Glomerular mesangial alpha-smooth muscle actin expression were similar between current and non/ex-smokers matched for age, gender, hypertension, and histologic severity, although the number of glomerular CD68+ cells was significantly fewer in smokers. Initial serum creatinine level, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and global glomerulosclerosis were found to be risk factors of serum creatinine doubling in both smokers and non/ex-smokers by univariate analysis during a mean follow-up of 3.8 years. CONCLUSION In addition to dose dependent renal functional decline and hypertension, smoking contributes to renal disease progression by eliciting microvascular injury in IgAN patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Jin Cha
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Beom Jin Lim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Beom Suk Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yonhee Kim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Hyun Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hyuk Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shin Wook Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyu Hun Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeon Joo Jeong
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Jeong JH, Lee YR, Park HG, Lee WL. The effects of either resveratrol or exercise on macrophage infiltration and switching from M1 to M2 in high fat diet mice. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem 2015; 19:65-72. [PMID: 26244124 PMCID: PMC4523807 DOI: 10.5717/jenb.2015.15060203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of either resveratrol supplementation or exercise training on macrophage infiltration and switching from M1 to M2 kupffer cells in high fat diet mice. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were separated into 5 groups: normal diet (ND; n = 6), high-fat diet (HD; n = 6), high-fat diet with resveratrol (HR; n = 6), high-fat diet with exercise (HE; n = 6) or high-fat diet with resveratrol and exercise (HRE; n = 6). Resveratrol supplementation mice were orally gavaged with resveratrol (25mg/kg of body weight) dissolved in 50% propylene glycol. Exercise mice ran on a treadmill at 12-20 m/min for 30-60 min/day, 5 times/week for 12 weeks. RESULTS After 12 weeks of intervention, the liver was analyzed. F4/80 expression was evaluated by western blot while CD11c and CD163 mRNA expressions were evaluated by RT-PCR. The weights of the body and liver were significantly increased in the HD and HR group compared to the ND group (p < 0.01). However, the weights were most effectively reduced in the HE and HRE groups compared to the HD group (p < 0.05). The macrophage marker, F4/80 expression was significantly lower in the HE and HRE groups compared to the HD group (p < 0.05). mRNA expression of the M1 macrophage marker, CD11c, in the HD group was significantly increased compared to the ND group (p < 0.01). mRNA expression of the M2 macrophage specific marker, CD163, in the HE and HRE groups were significantly increased compared to the HD group (p < 0.05). The mRNA expressions of TLR4, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, which induce pro-inflammatory cytokine production, were strongly decreased in the HR, HE, and HRE groups compared to the HD group. CONCLUSION These results suggest that moderate exercise training inhibits macrophage infiltration and up regulation of CD163 expression. However, resveratrol supplementation is not enough to ameliorate obesity-induced macrophage infiltration and switching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hyun Jeong
- Department of Sport Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ran Lee
- Department of Sport Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Geun Park
- Department of Sport Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Wang Lok Lee
- Department of Sport Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Zhang Q, He M, Deng C, Wang H, Huang XF. Effects of olanzapine on the elevation of macrophage infiltration and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in female rats. J Psychopharmacol 2014; 28:1161-9. [PMID: 25336715 DOI: 10.1177/0269881114555250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic side-effects of olanzapine have undermined drug compliance and increased concern for this otherwise-effective treatment for schizophrenia. As obesity and type 2 diabetes are associated with low-grade inflammation, and olanzapine-induced weight gain has three typical stages, the current study investigated the inflammatory effects of olanzapine in three treatment stages. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were treated orally with olanzapine (1 mg/kg three times daily) or vehicle for one week, two weeks, and five weeks. Olanzapine significantly increased body weight and white visceral fat deposition in all three treatment stages compared to control. Olanzapine enhanced average adipocyte size and level of macrophage infiltration in white adipose tissue (WAT) compared to control, with levels of macrophage infiltration increased over time. There was a high correlation between adipocyte size and macrophage infiltration rate. Olanzapine also caused increased macrophage infiltration in brown adipose tissue (BAT), but not liver. Additionally, pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 were upregulated by olanzapine in the hypothalamus, WAT, and BAT compared to control, but not the liver. Finally, plasma triglycerides were elevated by olanzapine compared to control, but not total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) or low density lipoprotein (LDL). These findings indicate that olanzapine-induced inflammation and adiposity are closely related, and that peripheral low-grade inflammation develops during olanzapine treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsheng Zhang
- Centre for Translational Neuroscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, NSW, Australia
| | - Meng He
- Centre for Translational Neuroscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, NSW, Australia
| | - Chao Deng
- Centre for Translational Neuroscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia Schizophrenia Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Hongqin Wang
- Centre for Translational Neuroscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, NSW, Australia
| | - Xu-Feng Huang
- Centre for Translational Neuroscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia Schizophrenia Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
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Huuskes BM, Wise AF, Cox AJ, Lim EX, Payne NL, Kelly DJ, Samuel CS, Ricardo SD. Combination therapy of mesenchymal stem cells and serelaxin effectively attenuates renal fibrosis in obstructive nephropathy. FASEB J 2014; 29:540-53. [PMID: 25395452 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-254789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) results from the development of fibrosis, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Although human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can accelerate renal repair following acute injury, the establishment of fibrosis during CKD may affect their potential to influence regeneration capacity. Here we tested the novel combination of MSCs with the antifibrotic serelaxin to repair and protect the kidney 7 d post-unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), when fibrosis is established. Male C57BL6 mice were sham-operated or UUO-inured (n = 4-6) and received vehicle, MSCs (1 × 10(6)), serelaxin (0.5 mg/kg per d), or the combination of both. In vivo tracing studies with luciferin/enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP)-tagged MSCs showed specific localization in the obstructed kidney where they remained for 36 h. Combination therapy conferred significant protection from UUO-induced fibrosis, as indicated by hydroxyproline analysis (P < 0.001 vs. vehicle, P < 0.05 vs. MSC or serelaxin alone). This was accompanied by preserved structural architecture, decreased tubular epithelial injury (P < 0.01 vs. MSCs alone), macrophage infiltration, and myofibroblast localization in the kidney (both P < 0.01 vs. vehicle). Combination therapy also stimulated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 activity over either treatment alone (P < 0.05 vs. either treatment alone). These results suggest that the presence of an antifibrotic in conjunction with MSCs ameliorates established kidney fibrosis and augments tissue repair to a greater extent than either treatment alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke M Huuskes
- *Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; and Australia Regenerative Medicine Institute (ARMI) and Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrea F Wise
- *Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; and Australia Regenerative Medicine Institute (ARMI) and Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alison J Cox
- *Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; and Australia Regenerative Medicine Institute (ARMI) and Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ee X Lim
- *Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; and Australia Regenerative Medicine Institute (ARMI) and Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Natalie L Payne
- *Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; and Australia Regenerative Medicine Institute (ARMI) and Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Darren J Kelly
- *Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; and Australia Regenerative Medicine Institute (ARMI) and Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chrishan S Samuel
- *Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; and Australia Regenerative Medicine Institute (ARMI) and Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sharon D Ricardo
- *Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; and Australia Regenerative Medicine Institute (ARMI) and Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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