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Wallberg M, Recino A, Phillips J, Howie D, Vienne M, Paluch C, Azuma M, Wong FS, Waldmann H, Cooke A. Anti-CD3 treatment up-regulates programmed cell death protein-1 expression on activated effector T cells and severely impairs their inflammatory capacity. Immunology 2017; 151:248-260. [PMID: 28211040 PMCID: PMC5418468 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells play a key role in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes, and targeting the CD3 component of the T‐cell receptor complex provides one therapeutic approach. Anti‐CD3 treatment can reverse overt disease in spontaneously diabetic non‐obese diabetic mice, an effect proposed to, at least in part, be caused by a selective depletion of pathogenic cells. We have used a transfer model to further investigate the effects of anti‐CD3 treatment on green fluorescent protein (GFP)+ islet‐specific effector T cells in vivo. The GFP expression allowed us to isolate the known effectors at different time‐points during treatment to assess cell presence in various organs as well as gene expression and cytokine production. We find, in this model, that anti‐CD3 treatment does not preferentially deplete the transferred effector cells, but instead inhibits their metabolic function and their production of interferon‐γ. Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1) expression was up‐regulated on the effector cells from anti‐CD3‐treated mice, and diabetes induced through anti‐PD‐L1 antibody could only be reversed with anti‐CD3 antibody if the anti‐CD3 treatment lasted beyond the point when the anti‐PD‐L1 antibody was washed out of the system. This suggests that PD‐1/PD‐L1 interaction plays an important role in the anti‐CD3 antibody mediated protection. Our data demonstrate an additional mechanism by which anti‐CD3 therapy can reverse diabetogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Wallberg
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Asha Recino
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jenny Phillips
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Duncan Howie
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Margaux Vienne
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Miyuki Azuma
- Department of Molecular Immunology Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - F Susan Wong
- Diabetes Research Group, Institute of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Cardiff School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Herman Waldmann
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anne Cooke
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Berry GJ, Frielle C, Luu T, Salzberg AC, Rainbow DB, Wicker LS, Waldner H. Genome-wide transcriptional analyses of islet-specific CD4+ T cells identify Idd9 genes controlling diabetogenic T cell function. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:2654-63. [PMID: 25672752 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a polygenic disease with multiple insulin-dependent diabetes (Idd) loci predisposing humans and NOD mice to disease. NOD.B10 Idd9 congenic mice, in which the NOD Idd9 chromosomal region is replaced by the Idd9 from T1D-resistant C57BL/10 mice, are significantly protected from T1D development. However, the genes and pathways conferring T1D development or protection by Idd9 remain to be fully elucidated. We have developed novel NOD.B10-Idd9 (line 905) congenic mice that predominantly harbor islet-reactive CD4(+) T cells expressing the BDC2.5 TCR (BDC-Idd9.905 mice). To establish functional links between the Idd9 genotype and its phenotype, we used microarray analyses to investigate the gene expression profiles of ex vivo and Ag-activated CD4(+) T cells from these mice and BDC2.5 (BDC) NOD controls. Among the differentially expressed genes, those located within the Idd9 region were greatly enriched in islet-specific CD4(+) T cells. Bioinformatics analyses of differentially expressed genes between BDC-Idd9.905 and BDC CD4(+) T cells identified Eno1, Rbbp4, and Mtor, all of which are encoded by Idd9 and part of gene networks involved in cellular growth and development. As predicted, proliferation and Th1/Th17 responses of islet-specific CD4(+) T cells from BDC-Idd9.905 mice following Ag stimulation in vitro were reduced compared with BDC mice. Furthermore, proliferative responses to endogenous autoantigen and diabetogenic function were impaired in BDC-Idd9.905 CD4(+) T cells. These findings suggest that differential expression of the identified Idd9 genes contributed to Idd9-dependent T1D susceptibility by controlling the diabetogenic function of islet-specific CD4(+) T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J Berry
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Christine Frielle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Thaiphi Luu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Anna C Salzberg
- Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033; and
| | - Daniel B Rainbow
- Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Linda S Wicker
- Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Hanspeter Waldner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033;
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Kochupurakkal NM, Kruger AJ, Tripathi S, Zhu B, Adams LT, Rainbow DB, Rossini A, Greiner DL, Sayegh MH, Wicker LS, Guleria I. Blockade of the programmed death-1 (PD1) pathway undermines potent genetic protection from type 1 diabetes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89561. [PMID: 24586872 PMCID: PMC3938467 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims/Hypothesis Inhibition of PD1-PDL1 signaling in NOD mice accelerates onset of type 1 diabetes implicating this pathway in suppressing the emergence of pancreatic beta cell reactive T-cells. However, the molecular mechanism by which PD1 signaling protects from type 1 diabetes is not clear. We hypothesized that differential susceptibility of Idd mouse strains to type 1 diabetes when challenged with anti PDL1 will identify genomic loci that collaborate with PD1 signaling in suppressing type 1 diabetes. Methods Anti PDL1 was administered to NOD and various Idd mouse strains at 10 weeks of age and onset of disease was monitored by measuring blood glucose levels. Additionally, histological evaluation of the pancreas was performed to determine degree of insulitis. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using Log-Rank and Student's t-test. Results Blockade of PDL1 rapidly precipitated type 1 diabetes in nearly all NOD Idd congenic strains tested, despite the fact that all are moderately (Idd5, Idd3 and Idd10/18) or highly (Idd3/10/18 and Idd9) protected from spontaneous type 1 diabetes by virtue of their protective Idd genes. Only the Idd3/5 strain, which is nearly 100% protected from spontaneous disease, remained normoglycemic following PDL1 blockade. Conclusions These results indicate that multiple Idd loci collaborate with PD1 signaling. Anti PDL1 treatment undermines a large portion of the genetic protection mediated by Idd genes in the NOD model of type 1 diabetes. Basal insulitis correlated with higher susceptibility to type 1 diabetes. These findings have important implications since the PD1 pathway is a target for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora M. Kochupurakkal
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School Renal Division, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Annie J. Kruger
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sudipta Tripathi
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School Renal Division, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Bing Zhu
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - La Tonya Adams
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School Renal Division, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Daniel B. Rainbow
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Aldo Rossini
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Dale L. Greiner
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mohamed H. Sayegh
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School Renal Division, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Linda S. Wicker
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Indira Guleria
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School Renal Division, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Hamilton-Williams EE, Rainbow DB, Cheung J, Christensen M, Lyons PA, Peterson LB, Steward CA, Sherman LA, Wicker LS. Fine mapping of type 1 diabetes regions Idd9.1 and Idd9.2 reveals genetic complexity. Mamm Genome 2013; 24:358-75. [PMID: 23934554 PMCID: PMC3824839 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-013-9466-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice congenic for C57BL/10 (B10)-derived genes in the Idd9 region of chromosome 4 are highly protected from type 1 diabetes (T1D). Idd9 has been divided into three protective subregions (Idd9.1, 9.2, and 9.3), each of which partially prevents disease. In this study we have fine-mapped the Idd9.1 and Idd9.2 regions, revealing further genetic complexity with at least two additional subregions contributing to protection from T1D. Using the NOD sequence from bacterial artificial chromosome clones of the Idd9.1 and Idd9.2 regions as well as whole-genome sequence data recently made available, sequence polymorphisms within the regions highlight a high degree of polymorphism between the NOD and B10 strains in the Idd9 regions. Among numerous candidate genes are several with immunological importance. The Idd9.1 region has been separated into Idd9.1 and Idd9.4, with Lck remaining a candidate gene within Idd9.1. One of the Idd9.2 regions contains the candidate genes Masp2 (encoding mannan-binding lectin serine peptidase 2) and Mtor (encoding mammalian target of rapamycin). From mRNA expression analyses, we have also identified several other differentially expressed candidate genes within the Idd9.1 and Idd9.2 regions. These findings highlight that multiple, relatively small genetic effects combine and interact to produce significant changes in immune tolerance and diabetes onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma E Hamilton-Williams
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
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Yamanouchi J, Puertas MC, Verdaguer J, Lyons PA, Rainbow DB, Chamberlain G, Hunter KM, Peterson LB, Wicker LS, Santamaria P. Idd9.1 locus controls the suppressive activity of FoxP3+CD4+CD25+ regulatory T-cells. Diabetes 2010; 59:272-81. [PMID: 19833887 PMCID: PMC2797933 DOI: 10.2337/db09-0648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The approximately 45-cM insulin-dependent diabetes 9 (Idd9) region on mouse chromosome 4 harbors several different type 1 diabetes-associated loci. Nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice congenic for the Idd9 region of C57BL/10 (B10) mice, carrying antidiabetogenic alleles in three different Idd9 subregions (Idd9.1, Idd9.2, and Idd9.3), are strongly resistant to type 1 diabetes. However, the mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to define mechanisms underlying the type 1 diabetes resistance afforded by B10 Idd9.1, Idd9.2, and/or Idd9.3. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We used a reductionist approach that involves comparing the fate of a type 1 diabetes-relevant autoreactive CD8(+) T-cell population, specific for residues 206-214 of islet-specific glucose 6 phosphatase catalytic subunit-related protein (IGRP(206-214)), in noncongenic versus B10 Idd9-congenic (Idd9.1 + Idd9.2 + Idd9.3, Idd9.2 + Idd9.3, Idd9.1, Idd9.2, and Idd9.3) T-cell receptor (TCR)-transgenic (8.3) NOD mice. RESULTS Most of the protective effect of Idd9 against 8.3-CD8(+) T-cell-enhanced type 1 diabetes was mediated by Idd9.1. Although Idd9.2 and Idd9.3 afforded some protection, the effects were small and did not enhance the greater protective effect of Idd9.1. B10 Idd9.1 afforded type 1 diabetes resistance without impairing the developmental biology or intrinsic diabetogenic potential of autoreactive CD8(+) T-cells. Studies in T- and B-cell-deficient 8.3-NOD.B10 Idd9.1 mice revealed that this antidiabetogenic effect was mediated by endogenous, nontransgenic T-cells in a B-cell-independent manner. Consistent with this, B10 Idd9.1 increased the suppressive function and antidiabetogenic activity of the FoxP3(+)CD4(+)CD25(+) T-cell subset in both TCR-transgenic and nontransgenic mice. CONCLUSIONS A gene(s) within Idd9.1 regulates the development and function of FoxP3(+)CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T-cells and, in turn, the activation of CD8(+) effector T-cells in the pancreatic draining lymph nodes, without affecting their development or intrinsic diabetogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yamanouchi
- Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre (JMDRC) and Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Institute for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Maria-Carmen Puertas
- Unitat d'Immunologia, Departament de Medicina Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Lleida & IRB Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Joan Verdaguer
- Unitat d'Immunologia, Departament de Medicina Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Lleida & IRB Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Paul A. Lyons
- Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Daniel B. Rainbow
- Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Giselle Chamberlain
- Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Kara M. Hunter
- Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | | | - Linda S. Wicker
- Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Pere Santamaria
- Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre (JMDRC) and Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Institute for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Corresponding author: Pere Santamaria,
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Brodie GM, Wallberg M, Santamaria P, Wong FS, Green EA. B-cells promote intra-islet CD8+ cytotoxic T-cell survival to enhance type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 2008; 57:909-17. [PMID: 18184927 DOI: 10.2337/db07-1256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the role of B-cells in promoting CD8(+) T-cell-mediated beta cell destruction in chronically inflamed islets. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS-RIP: TNFalpha-NOD mice were crossed to B-cell-deficient NOD mice, and diabetes development was monitored. We used in vitro antigen presentation assays and in vivo administration of bromodeoxyuridine coupled to flow cytometry assays to assess intra-islet T-cell activation in the absence or presence of B-cells. CD4(+)Foxp3(+) activity in the absence or presence of B-cells was tested using in vivo depletion techniques. Cytokine production and apoptosis assays determined the capacity of CD8(+) T-cells transform to cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs) and survive within inflamed islets in the absence or presence of B-cells. RESULTS B-cell deficiency significantly delayed diabetes development in chronically inflamed islets. Reintroduction of B-cells incapable of secreting immunoglobulin restored diabetes development. Both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell activation was unimpaired by B-cell deficiency, and delayed disease was not due to CD4(+)Foxp3(+) T-cell suppression of T-cell responses. Instead, at the CTL transition stage, B-cell deficiency resulted in apoptosis of intra-islet CTLs. CONCLUSIONS In inflamed islets, B-cells are central for the efficient intra-islet survival of CTLs, thereby promoting type 1 diabetes development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian M Brodie
- Department of Pathology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
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