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Zhao Y, Chen Y, Liu Z, Zhou L, Huang J, Luo X, Luo Y, Li J, Lin Y, Lai J, Liu J. TXNIP knockdown protects rats against bupivacaine-induced spinal neurotoxicity via the inhibition of oxidative stress and apoptosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 219:1-16. [PMID: 38614227 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.04.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Bupivacaine (BUP) is an anesthetic commonly used in clinical practice that when used for spinal anesthesia, might exert neurotoxic effects. Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is a member of the α-arrestin protein superfamily that binds covalently to thioredoxin (TRX) to inhibit its function, leading to increased oxidative stress and activation of apoptosis. The role of TXNIP in BUP-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis remains to be elucidated. In this context, the present study aimed to explore the effects of TXNIP knockdown on BUP-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in the spinal cord of rats and in PC12 cells through the transfection of adeno-associated virus-TXNIP short hairpin RNA (AAV-TXNIP shRNA) and siRNA-TXNIP, respectively. In vivo, a rat model of spinal neurotoxicity was established by intrathecally injecting rats with BUP. The BUP + TXNIP shRNA and the BUP + Control shRNA groups of rats were injected with an AAV carrying the TXNIP shRNA and the Control shRNA, respectively, into the subarachnoid space four weeks prior to BUP treatment. The Basso, Beattie & Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor rating score, % MPE of TFL, H&E staining, and Nissl staining analyses were conducted. In vitro, 0.8 mM BUP was determined by CCK-8 assay to establish a cytotoxicity model in PC12 cells. Transfection with siRNA-TXNIP was carried out to suppress TXNIP expression prior to exposing PC12 cells to BUP. The results revealed that BUP effectively induced neurological behavioral dysfunction and neuronal damage and death in the spinal cord of the rats. Similarly, BUP triggered cytotoxicity and apoptosis in PC12 cells. In addition, treated with BUP both in vitro and in vivo exhibited upregulated TXNIP expression and increased oxidative stress and apoptosis. Interestingly, TXNIP knockdown in the spinal cord of rats through transfection of AAV-TXNIP shRNA exerted a protective effect against BUP-induced spinal neurotoxicity by ameliorating behavioral and histological outcomes and promoting the survival of spinal cord neurons. Similarly, transfection with siRNA-TXNIP mitigated BUP-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells. In addition, TXNIP knockdown mitigated the upregulation of ROS, MDA, Bax, and cleaved caspase-3 and restored the downregulation of GSH, SOD, CAT, GPX4, and Bcl2 induced upon BUP exposure. These findings suggested that TXNIP knockdown protected against BUP-induced spinal neurotoxicity by suppressing oxidative stress and apoptosis. In summary, TXNIP could be a central signaling hub that positively regulates oxidative stress and apoptosis during neuronal damage, which renders TXNIP a promising target for treatment strategies against BUP-induced spinal neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, No.1 Maoyuan South Road, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Ziru Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Meishan People's Hospital, No. 288 South Fourth Section of Dongpo Avenue, 620020, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiao Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Xi Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Yunpeng Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 557300, Guizhou, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Yunan Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Jian Lai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Jingchen Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
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Birdi A, Tomo S, Yadav D, Sharma P, Nebhinani N, Mitra P, Banerjee M, Purohit P. Role of Klotho Protein in Neuropsychiatric Disorders: A Narrative Review. Indian J Clin Biochem 2023; 38:13-21. [PMID: 36684492 PMCID: PMC9852376 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-022-01078-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders are comprised of diseases having both the neurological and psychiatric manifestations. The increasing burden of the disease on the population worldwide makes it necessary to adopt measures to decrease the prevalence. The Klotho is a single pass transmembrane protein that decreases with age, has been associated with various pathological diseases, like reduced bone mineral density, cardiac problems and cognitive impairment. However, multiple studies have explored its role in different neuropsychiatric disorders. A comprehensive search was undertaken in the Pubmed database for articles with the keywords "Klotho" and "neuropsychiatric disorders". The available literature, based on the above search strategy, has been compiled in this brief narrative review to describe the emerging role of Klotho in various neuropsychiatric disorders. The Klotho levels were decreased in various neuropsychiatric disorders except for bipolar disorder. A suppressed Klotho protein levels induced oxidative stress and incited pro-inflammatory conditions significantly contributing to the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorder. The increasing evidence of altered Klotho protein levels in cognition-decrement-related disorders warrants its consideration as a biomarker in various neuropsychiatric diseases. However, further evidence is required to understand its role as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep Birdi
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan India
| | - Sojit Tomo
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan India
| | - Dharmveer Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan India
| | - Praveen Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan India
| | - Naresh Nebhinani
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan India
| | - Prasenjit Mitra
- Department of Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Chandigarh, Punjab India
| | - Mithu Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan India
| | - Purvi Purohit
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan India
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Immunoglobulins G of Patients with Schizophrenia Protects from Superoxide: Pilot Results. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12091449. [PMID: 36143234 PMCID: PMC9503855 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12091449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of IgG in patients with schizophrenia. After signing informed consent, we included 67 patients with schizophrenia (34 people with acute schizophrenia and 33 individuals were on outpatient treatment in therapeutic remission) and 14 healthy volunteers. IgGs from blood serum were isolated by affinity chromatography. SOD activity of antibodies was determined spectrophotometrically. We have shown for the first time that IgGs from patients with schizophrenia have SOD activity and this activity is an intrinsic property of antibodies. The maximum increase in SOD activity was registered in the group of patients in therapeutic remission compared with acute schizophrenia (p = 0.005) and in healthy individuals (p = 0.001). Based on the data of inhibitory analysis using a specific SOD inhibitor enzyme, triethylenetetramine (TETA), we can assume that the mechanism of the SOD activity of IgG is similar to the mechanism of classical enzyme catalysis. According to the kinetic analysis, the affinity of the IgGs to the substrate is higher than that of the classical SOD enzyme.
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Dudzińska E, Szymona K, Bogucki J, Koch W, Cholewińska E, Sitarz R, Ognik K. Increased Markers of Oxidative Stress and Positive Correlation Low-Grade Inflammation with Positive Symptoms in the First Episode of Schizophrenia in Drug-Naïve Patients. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11092551. [PMID: 35566680 PMCID: PMC9104552 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11092551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe and chronic mental illness usually diagnosed in adolescents and young adults. Many studies indicate that oxidative stress causes membrane dysfunction and cell damage, which is implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. The purpose of our study was to evaluate oxidative stress markers (the main primary products of lipid peroxidation, lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH), and end products of lipid peroxidation, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma (FRAP)) in the plasma of patients with the first episode of schizophrenia in drug-naïve patients (22 men and 12 women aged 17–29). The control group (Ctrl) comprised 26 healthy subjects (19 men and 7 women, aged 18–30 years). The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was applied to evaluate psychotic symptoms. Analyses of the oxidative stress variables revealed an increased level of SOD (U/mL) in subjects with schizophrenia versus control group. In addition, lipid damage measured as LOOHs µ (mol/L) and MDA was significantly higher in patients with schizophrenia in comparison to control subjects. There was a positive correlation between MDA µmol/L and PANSS P and a positive correlation between C-reactive protein (CRP) and the PANSS P scale. The elevated level of superoxide dismutase in patients with the first episode of schizophrenia can be explained by compensatory mechanisms to counteract oxidative stress. Malondialdehyde can be used as a simple biomarker of low-grade systemic inflammation associated with oxidative stress. A positive correlation between CRP and PANSS P scale and MDA and PANSS P scale may indicate a significant relationship between the development of low-grade inflammation and damage associated with oxidative stress in the development of the first symptoms of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Dudzińska
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Kinga Szymona
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, 20-439 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Jacek Bogucki
- Chair and Department of Organic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Wojciech Koch
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Ewelina Cholewińska
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (E.C.); (K.O.)
| | - Robert Sitarz
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
- Department of Surgical Oncology, St. John’s Cancer Center, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ognik
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (E.C.); (K.O.)
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Hurşitoğlu O, Orhan FÖ, Kurutaş EB, Doğaner A, Durmuş HT, Kopar H. Diagnostic Performance of Increased Malondialdehyde Level and Oxidative Stress in Patients with Schizophrenia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 58:184-188. [PMID: 34526839 PMCID: PMC8419726 DOI: 10.29399/npa.27372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Schizophrenia is typically diagnosed through interviews with patients and their relatives. Thus, molecular biomarkers for this mental illness have recently become a hot topic for research. Oxidative stress and antioxidant parameters, such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA), have been investigated in schizophrenia; however, no studies have been conducted on the diagnostic performance of oxidative parameters. The goal of the present study is to examine the serum levels of SOD, CAT and MDA and to test the diagnostic performance of MDA in patients with schizophrenia. Methods: Thirty patients with schizophrenia and 30 healthy gender– and age-matched controls were included in our study. Symptom severity in the patient group was rated using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Results: The serum levels of MDA, SOD and CAT were found to be significantly increased in patients with schizophrenia compared to the control group. A receiver operating characteristic curve showed a cut-off point of 2.72 nmol/ml for the MDA diagnostic measure. No significant correlation was found (p>0.05) between MDA, SOD and CAT activity and PANSS scores or the chlorpromazine equivalent and clinical characteristics. Conclusion: In summary, we found higher serum levels of SOD, CAT and MDA in patients with schizophrenia compared to healthy controls. MDA is considered a very good diagnostic lipid peroxidation marker, and further studies should be done to test its validity in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Hurşitoğlu
- Department of Psychiatry, Kahramanmaraş Necip Fazıl City Hospital, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Fatma Özlem Orhan
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Ergül Belge Kurutaş
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Adem Doğaner
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Toygun Durmuş
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Hatice Kopar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
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Zhu M, Liu Z, Guo Y, Sultana MS, Wu K, Lang X, Lv Q, Huang X, Yi Z, Li Z. Sex difference in the interrelationship between TNF-α and oxidative stress status in first-episode drug-naïve schizophrenia. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:202. [PMID: 34526062 PMCID: PMC8444364 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02261-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing evidence indicates that dysregulated TNF-α and oxidative stress (OxS) contribute to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Additionally, previous evidence has demonstrated sex differences in many aspects of schizophrenia including clinical characteristics, cytokines, and OxS markers. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no study investigating sex differences in the association between TNF-α, the OxS system, and their interaction with clinical symptoms in schizophrenia patients, especially in first-episode drug-naïve (FEDN) patients. Methods A total of 119 FEDN schizophrenia patients and 135 healthy controls were recruited for this study. Serum TNF-α, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was applied to evaluate psychotic symptoms. Two-way ANOVA, partial correlation analysis, and multivariate regression analysis were performed. Results A sex difference in MDA levels was demonstrated only in healthy controls (F = 7.06, pBonferroni = 0.045) and not seen in patients. Furthermore, only male patients had higher MDA levels than male controls (F = 8.19, pBonferroni = 0.03). Additionally, sex differences were observed in the association of TNF-α and MDA levels with psychotic symptoms (all pBonferroni < 0.05). The interaction of TNF-α and MDA was only associated with general psychopathology symptom in male patients (B = − 0.07, p = 0.02). Conclusion Our results demonstrate the sex difference in the relationship between TNF-α, MDA, and their interaction with psychopathological symptoms of patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghuan Zhu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 South Wan Ping Road, Shanghai, 200030, China.,Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenjing Liu
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanhong Guo
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mst Sadia Sultana
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Kang Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoe Lang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qinyu Lv
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 South Wan Ping Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Zhenghui Yi
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 South Wan Ping Road, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Zezhi Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 36 Mingxin Road, Guangzhou, 510370, China.
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Piatoikina AS, Lyakhova AA, Semennov IV, Zhilyaeva TV, Kostina OV, Zhukova ES, Shcherbatyuk TG, Kasyanov ED, Blagonravova AS, Mazo GE. Association of antioxidant deficiency and the level of products of protein and lipid peroxidation in patients with the first episode of schizophrenia. J Mol Neurosci 2021; 72:217-225. [PMID: 34410570 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-021-01884-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is considered a multifactorial disease, where one of the pathogenetic links is oxidative stress; however, the results of studies are often contradictory, largely due to significant heterogeneity among study methods. The present study was undertaken to compare the levels of oxidative stress markers in the peripheral blood of patients with a first episode of schizophrenia (FES) and in healthy volunteers (HV). The study included 50 patients with FES and 37 HV. Blood samples were collected for spectrophotometric assessment of reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), aldehyde-2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone (ADNPH), and ketone-2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone (KDNPH) in blood plasma. Results showed that in patients with FES compared with HV, a significant decrease in CAT activity and an increase in oxidative modification of proteins (OMP) were found. In both groups, a significant increase in the level of MDA with age was revealed. In patients, the GSH plasma level was inversely proportional to the ADNPH level, and SOD activity was directly proportional to the KDNPH level. In volunteers there was no such correlation; however, there was a direct correlation between CAT activity and the levels of OMP and MDA. In both groups, a moderate direct correlation between peroxidation products was observed. The results confirm that a redox imbalance (a deficiency of antioxidants, in particular CAT, and excess OMP) may be a pathogenetic link in schizophrenia, which is manifested already at an early stage of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sergeevna Piatoikina
- State Budgetary Institution of Public Health of Nizhny Novgorod Region Nizhny Novgorod Clinical Psychiatric Hospital No. 1, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
| | - Anastasia Alexandrovna Lyakhova
- Federal State Budgetary Research Institution of Higher Education Privolzhsky Research Medical University of the Ministry of Public Health of the Russian Federation, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Ilya Vladimirovich Semennov
- Federal State Budgetary Research Institution of Higher Education Privolzhsky Research Medical University of the Ministry of Public Health of the Russian Federation, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Tatyana Vladimirovna Zhilyaeva
- Federal State Budgetary Research Institution of Higher Education Privolzhsky Research Medical University of the Ministry of Public Health of the Russian Federation, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Olga Vladimirovna Kostina
- Federal State Budgetary Research Institution of Higher Education Privolzhsky Research Medical University of the Ministry of Public Health of the Russian Federation, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Sergeevna Zhukova
- Federal Budgetary Institution of Science Nizhny Novgorod Research Institute for Hygiene and Occupational Pathology of Rospotrebnadzor, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Tatyana Grigorievna Shcherbatyuk
- Federal Budgetary Institution of Science Nizhny Novgorod Research Institute for Hygiene and Occupational Pathology of Rospotrebnadzor, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.,State Educational Institution of Higher Education of Moscow Region Moscow Region State University, 24, ul. Veri Voloshinoy, Mytishchi, Russia
| | - Evgeny Dmitrievich Kasyanov
- Federal State Budgetary Institution V.M. Bekhterev National Research Medical Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna Sergeevna Blagonravova
- Federal State Budgetary Research Institution of Higher Education Privolzhsky Research Medical University of the Ministry of Public Health of the Russian Federation, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Galina Elevna Mazo
- Federal State Budgetary Institution V.M. Bekhterev National Research Medical Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
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Kim P, Scott MR, Meador-Woodruff JH. Dysregulation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in elderly patients with schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:1321-1331. [PMID: 31578497 PMCID: PMC7113111 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0537-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abnormalities in protein localization, function, and posttranslational modifications are targets of schizophrenia (SCZ) research. As a major contributor to the synthesis, folding, trafficking, and modification of proteins, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is well-positioned to sense cellular stress. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is an evolutionarily conserved adaptive reaction to environmental and pathological perturbation in ER function. The UPR is a highly orchestrated and complex cellular response, which is mediated through the ER chaperone protein, BiP, three known ER transmembrane stress sensors, protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK), activating transcription factor-6 (ATF6), inositol requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α), and their downstream effectors. In this study, we measured protein expression and phosphorylation states of UPR sensor pathway proteins in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) of 22 matched pairs of elderly SCZ and comparison subjects. We observed increased protein expression of BiP, decreased PERK, and decreased phosphorylation of IRE1α. We also observed decreased p-JNK2 and increased sXBP1, downstream targets of the IRE1α arm of the UPR. The disconnect between decreased p-IRE1α and increased sXBP1 protein expression led us to measure sXbp1 mRNA. We observed increased expression of the ratio of sXbp1/uXbp1 transcripts, suggesting that splicing of Xbp1 mRNA by IRE1α is increased and drives upregulation of sXBP1 protein expression. These findings suggest an abnormal pattern of UPR activity in SCZ, with specific dysregulation of the IRE1α arm. Dysfunction of this system may lead to abnormal responses to cellular stressors and contribute to protein processing abnormalities previously observed in SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pitna Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
| | - Madeline R. Scott
- grid.265892.20000000106344187Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
| | - James H. Meador-Woodruff
- grid.265892.20000000106344187Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
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Madireddy S, Madireddy S. Regulation of Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Damage in the Pathogenesis of Schizophrenia. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10100742. [PMID: 33081261 PMCID: PMC7603028 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10100742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The biochemical integrity of the brain is paramount to the function of the central nervous system, and oxidative stress is a key contributor to cerebral biochemical impairment. Oxidative stress, which occurs when an imbalance arises between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the efficacy of the antioxidant defense mechanism, is believed to play a role in the pathophysiology of various brain disorders. One such disorder, schizophrenia, not only causes lifelong disability but also induces severe emotional distress; however, because of its onset in early adolescence or adulthood and its progressive development, consuming natural antioxidant products may help regulate the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Therefore, elucidating the functions of ROS and dietary antioxidants in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia could help formulate improved therapeutic strategies for its prevention and treatment. This review focuses specifically on the roles of ROS and oxidative damage in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, as well as the effects of nutrition, antipsychotic use, cognitive therapies, and quality of life on patients with schizophrenia. By improving our understanding of the effects of various nutrients on schizophrenia, it may become possible to develop nutritional strategies and supplements to treat the disorder, alleviate its symptoms, and facilitate long-term recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samskruthi Madireddy
- Independent Researcher, 1353 Tanaka Drive, San Jose, CA 95131, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-408-9214162
| | - Sahithi Madireddy
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA;
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George MY, Menze ET, Esmat A, Tadros MG, El-Demerdash E. Potential therapeutic antipsychotic effects of Naringin against ketamine-induced deficits in rats: Involvement of Akt/GSK-3β and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. Life Sci 2020; 249:117535. [PMID: 32151688 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM Schizophrenia is a chronic, disabling and one of the major neurological illnesses affecting nearly 1% of the global population. Currently available antipsychotic medications possess limited effects. The current research aimed at investigating potential therapeutic add-on benefit to enhance the effects of clozapine anti-schizophrenic. MAIN METHODS To induce schizophrenia, ketamine was administered at a dose of 25 mg/kg i.p. for 14 consecutive days. Naringin was administered to Wistar rats at a dose of 100 mg/kg orally, alone or in combination with clozapine 5 mg/kg i.p from day 8 to day 14. Furthermore, behavioral tests were conducted to evaluate positive, negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia. In addition, neurotransmitters' levels were detected using HPLC. Moreover, oxidative stress markers were assessed using spectrophotometry. Furthermore, apoptotic and wnt/β-catenin pathway markers were determined using western blotting (Akt, GSK-3β and β-catenin), colorimetric methods (Caspase-3) and immunohistochemistry (Bax, Bcl2 and cytochrome c). KEY FINDINGS Ketamine induced positive, negative and cognitive schizophrenia symptoms together with neurotransmitters' imbalance. In addition, ketamine treatment caused significant glutathione depletion, lipid peroxidation and reduction in catalase activity. Naringin and/or clozapine treatment significantly attenuated ketamine-induced schizophrenic symptoms and oxidative injury. Additionally, ketamine provoked apoptosis via increasing Bax/Bcl2 expression, caspase-3 activity, and Cytochrome C and Akt protein expression while naringin/clozapine treatment significantly inhibited this apoptotic effect. Moreover, naringin activated the neurodevelopmental wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway evidenced by increasing pGSK-3β and reducing pβ-catenin protein expression. SIGNIFICANCE These findings may suggest that naringin possesses a potential therapeutic add-on effect against ketamine-induced schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Y George
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Esther T Menze
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Esmat
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mariane G Tadros
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - E El-Demerdash
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
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11
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Tao Q, Miao Y, Li H, Yuan X, Huang X, Wang Y, Andreassen OA, Fan X, Yang Y, Song X. Insulin Resistance and Oxidative Stress: In Relation to Cognitive Function and Psychopathology in Drug-Naïve, First-Episode Drug-Free Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:537280. [PMID: 33329081 PMCID: PMC7732418 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.537280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The present study aimed to examine whether insulin resistance and oxidative stress are associated with cognitive impairment in first-episode drug-free schizophrenia (SZ) patients. Methods: Ninety first-episode SZ patients and 70 healthy controls were enrolled. Fasting insulin (FINS) and markers of oxidative stress [oxidized glutathione (GSSG), superoxide dismutase (SOD), nitric oxide (NO) and uric acid (UA) levels] were measured in serum before pharmacological treatment was initiated. Psychiatric symptoms and cognitive function were assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB), respectively. In addition, the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was also studied. Results: HOMA-IR and serum levels of GSSG and NO were significantly higher in SZ patients than in healthy controls (P < 0.001), while the serum levels of SOD were significantly lower than in healthy controls (P < 0.001). HOMA-IR, GSSG and NO levels were significantly correlated to the total cognitive function scores of the patient group (r = -0.345,-0.369,-0.444, respectively, P < 0.05). But these factors were not co-related to the cognitive functions in the healthy control group. And, levels of SOD, UA were not associated with the total cognitive function scores in both the patient and the healthy control groups. NO was positively correlated with general pathological and the total score in the PANSS, and was negatively correlated with six cognitive domains (r = -0.316 to -0.553, P < 0.05). Conclusions: The levels of insulin resistance and oxidative stress are elevated, and correlated with the severity of cognitive impairment in drug-naïve, first-episode SZ patients. Treatment approaches targeting on reducing insulin resistance and oxidative stress may improve cognitive function in SZ patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Tao
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Biological Psychiatry International Joint Laboratory of Henan/Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Psychiatric Transformation Research Key Laboratory/Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Academy of Medical Sciences/Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yu Miao
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Biological Psychiatry International Joint Laboratory of Henan/Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Psychiatric Transformation Research Key Laboratory/Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huihui Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Biological Psychiatry International Joint Laboratory of Henan/Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Psychiatric Transformation Research Key Laboratory/Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiuxia Yuan
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Biological Psychiatry International Joint Laboratory of Henan/Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Psychiatric Transformation Research Key Laboratory/Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xufeng Huang
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute and University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition (LCBC), Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Norwegian Center for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Xiaoduo Fan
- Psychotic Disorders Program, UMass Memorial Medical Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Yongfeng Yang
- Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xueqin Song
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Biological Psychiatry International Joint Laboratory of Henan/Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Psychiatric Transformation Research Key Laboratory/Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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12
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Yan C, Duan L, Fu C, Tian C, Zhang B, Shao X, Zhu G. Association Between Glutathione S-Transferase (GST) Polymorphisms and Schizophrenia in a Chinese Han Population. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2020; 16:479-487. [PMID: 32110022 PMCID: PMC7038391 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s235043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutathione S-transferase (GST) is an important antioxidant enzyme in the body. The weakening of the antioxidant system causes damage to the cells and tissues that make up the organism, adversely affects the function of the nervous system, and ultimately leads to schizophrenia (SCZ). Previous studies have yielded inconsistent results across different ethnic populations. PURPOSE This case-control study was carried out to investigate whether genetic polymorphisms in GST could be associated with SCZ in the Chinese Han population. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 794 participants, including 379 SCZ patients (case group) and 415 healthy individuals (control group), were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length for polymorphisms in GST genes. RESULTS The study found that the frequency of the GSTM1 null genotype was higher in case group than control group (p=0.003). The frequency of the GSTM1 and GSTT1 double null genotype was also higher in case group than control group (p=0.008). CONCLUSION We conclude that the GSTM1 null genotype and the GSTM1 and GSTT1 double null genotype may be related to the onset of SCZ in Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ci Yan
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Duan
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunfeng Fu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunsheng Tian
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Bihui Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Shao
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China
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13
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Czarny P, Bialek K, Ziolkowska S, Strycharz J, Sliwinski T. DNA damage and repair in neuropsychiatric disorders. What do we know and what are the future perspectives? Mutagenesis 2019; 35:79-106. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gez035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractOver the past two decades, extensive research has been done to elucidate the molecular etiology and pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders. In majority of them, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), bipolar disorder (BD), schizophrenia and major depressive disorder, increased oxidative and nitrosative stress was found. This stress is known to induce oxidative damage to biomolecules, including DNA. Accordingly, increased mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, as well as RNA damage, were observed in patients suffering from these diseases. However, recent findings indicate that the patients are characterised by impaired DNA repair pathways, which may suggest that these DNA lesions could be also a result of their insufficient repair. In the current systematic, critical review, we aim to sum up, using available literature, the knowledge about the involvement of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA damage and repair, as well as about damage to RNA in pathoetiology of neuropsychiatric disorders, i.e., AD, PD, ALS, BD, schizophrenia and major depressive disorder, as well as the usefulness of the discussed factors as being diagnostic markers and targets for new therapies. Moreover, we also underline the new directions to which future studies should head to elucidate these phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Czarny
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bialek
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Sylwia Ziolkowska
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Justyna Strycharz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sliwinski
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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14
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Tsugawa S, Noda Y, Tarumi R, Mimura Y, Yoshida K, Iwata Y, Elsalhy M, Kuromiya M, Kurose S, Masuda F, Morita S, Ogyu K, Plitman E, Wada M, Miyazaki T, Graff-Guerrero A, Mimura M, Nakajima S. Glutathione levels and activities of glutathione metabolism enzymes in patients with schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Psychopharmacol 2019; 33:1199-1214. [PMID: 31039654 DOI: 10.1177/0269881119845820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutathione is among the important antioxidants to prevent oxidative stress. However, the relationships between abnormality in the glutathione system and pathophysiology of schizophrenia remain uncertain due to inconsistent findings on glutathione levels and/or glutathione-related enzyme activities in patients with schizophrenia. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted using Embase, Medline, PsycINFO, and PubMed. Original studies, in which three metabolite levels (glutathione, glutathione disulfide, and total glutathione (glutathione+glutathione disulfide)) and five enzyme activities (glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutamate-cysteine ligase, glutathione synthetase, and glutathione S-transferase) were measured with any techniques in both patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls, were included. Standardized mean differences were calculated to determine the group differences in the glutathione levels with a random-effects model. RESULTS We identified 41, 9, 15, 38, and seven studies which examined glutathione, glutathione disulfide, total glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase, respectively. Patients with schizophrenia had lower levels of both glutathione and total glutathione and decreased activity of glutathione peroxidase compared to controls. Glutathione levels were lower in unmedicated patients with schizophrenia than those in controls while glutathione levels did not differ between patients with first-episode psychosis and controls. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that there may be glutathione deficits and abnormalities in the glutathione redox cycle in patients with schizophrenia. However, given the small number of studies examined the entire glutathione system, further studies are needed to elucidate a better understanding of disrupted glutathione function in schizophrenia, which may pave the way for the development of novel therapeutic strategies in this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakiko Tsugawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Noda
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Tarumi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Mimura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunari Yoshida
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Pharmacogenetic Research Clinic, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yusuke Iwata
- Multimodal Imaging Group, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Muhammad Elsalhy
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minori Kuromiya
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin Kurose
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumi Masuda
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Morita
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kamiyu Ogyu
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eric Plitman
- Multimodal Imaging Group, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Masataka Wada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Miyazaki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Masaru Mimura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Nakajima
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Multimodal Imaging Group, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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15
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Scott MR, Meador-Woodruff JH. Intracellular compartment-specific proteasome dysfunction in postmortem cortex in schizophrenia subjects. Mol Psychiatry 2019; 25:776-790. [PMID: 30683941 PMCID: PMC6658356 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0359-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Protein homeostasis is an emerging component of schizophrenia (SZ) pathophysiology. Proteomic alterations in SZ are well-documented and changes in transcript expression are frequently not associated with changes in protein expression in SZ brain. The underlying mechanism driving these changes remains unknown, though altered expression of ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) components have implicated protein degradation. Previous studies have been limited to protein and transcript expression, however, and do not directly test the function of the proteasome. To address this gap in knowledge, we measured enzymatic activity associated with the proteasome (chymotrypsin-, trypsin-, and caspase-like) in the superior temporal gyrus (STG) of 25 SZ and 25 comparison subjects using flourogenic substrates. As localization regulates which cellular processes the proteasome contributes to, we measured proteasome activity and subunit expression in fractions enriched for nucleus, cytosolic, and membrane compartments. SZ subjects had decreased trypsin-like activity in total homogenate. This finding was specific to the nucleus-enriched fraction and was not associated with changes in proteasome subunit expression. Interestingly, both chymotrypsin-like activity and protein expression of 19S RP subunits, which facilitate ubiquitin-dependent degradation, were decreased in the cytosol-enriched fraction of SZ subjects. Intracellular compartment-specific proteasome dysfunction implicates dysregulation of protein expression both through altered ubiquitin-dependent degradation of cytosolic proteins and regulation of protein synthesis due to degradation of transcription factors and transcription machinery in the nucleus. Together, these findings implicate proteasome dysfunction in SZ, which likely has a broad impact on the proteomic landscape and cellular function in the pathophysiology of this illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline R. Scott
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - James H. Meador-Woodruff
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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16
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Pehlivan S, Aydin N, Nursal AF, Uysal MA, Pehlivan M, Tekcan A, Yavuz FK, Sever U, Yavuzlar H, Kurnaz S, Uysal S, Aydin PC. Association of XRCC1 and XPD functional gene variants with nicotine dependence and/or schizophrenia: a case-control study and in silico analysis. PSYCHIAT CLIN PSYCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/24750573.2018.1468614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. Pehlivan
- Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - N. Aydin
- Department of Psychiatry, Bakirkoy Research and Training Hospital for Psychiatry, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - A. F. Nursal
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Hitit University, Corum, Turkey
| | - M. A. Uysal
- Department of Chest Diseases, Yedikule Hospital for Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M. Pehlivan
- Department of Haematology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - A. Tekcan
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, AhiEvran University, Kirsehir, Turkey
| | - F. K. Yavuz
- Department of Psychiatry, Bakirkoy Research and Training Hospital for Psychiatry, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - U. Sever
- Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - H. Yavuzlar
- Department of Psychiatry, Bakirkoy Research and Training Hospital for Psychiatry, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - S. Kurnaz
- Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - S. Uysal
- Department of Psychiatry, Bakirkoy Research and Training Hospital for Psychiatry, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - P. C. Aydin
- Department of Psychiatry, Bakirkoy Research and Training Hospital for Psychiatry, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey
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17
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Kouhestani S, Jafari A, Babaei P. Kaempferol attenuates cognitive deficit via regulating oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in an ovariectomized rat model of sporadic dementia. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:1827-1832. [PMID: 30136699 PMCID: PMC6128063 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.238714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with oxidative stress, and ultimately results in cognitive deficit. Despite existing literature on the pathophysiology of AD, there is currently no cure for AD. The present study investigated the effects of kaempferol (Kmp) isolated from the extract of Mespilus germanica L. (medlar) leaves on cognitive impairment, hippocampal antioxidants, apoptosis, lipid peroxidation and neuro-inflammation markers in ovariectomized (OVX) rat models of sporadic AD. Kaempferol, as the main flavonoid of medlar extract has been previously known for anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-neurotoxic effects. Thirty-two female Wistar rats were ovariectomized, and randomly divided into four groups: sham, OVX + saline, OVX + streptozotocin (STZ) + saline, OVX + STZ + Kmp. Animals received intracerebroventricular injection of STZ (3 mg/kg, twice with one day interval) to establish models of sporadic AD. Intraperitoneal injection of Kmp (10 mg/kg) for 21 days was performed in the OVX + STZ + Kmp group. Spatial learning and memory of rats were evaluated using a Morris water maze. Finally, brain homogenates were used for biochemical analysis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results showed a significant improvement in spatial learning and memory as evidenced by shortened escape latency and searching distance in Morris water maze in the OVX + STZ + Kmp group compared with the OVX + STZ group. Kmp also exhibited significant elevations in brain levels of antioxidant enzymes of superoxide dismutase and glutathione, while reduction in tumor necrosis factor-α and malondialdehyde. Our results demonstrate that Kmp is capable of alleviating STZ-induced memory impairment in OVX rats, probably by elevating endogenous hippocampal antioxidants of superoxide dismutase and glutathione, and reducing neuroinflammation. This study suggests that Kmp may be a potential neuroprotective agent against cognitive deficit in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Kouhestani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Adele Jafari
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Parvin Babaei
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Neuroscience Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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18
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Ünal K, Erzin G, Yüksel RN, Alisik M, Erel Ö. Thiol/disulphide homeostasis in schizophrenia patients with positive symptoms. Nord J Psychiatry 2018. [PMID: 29519188 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2018.1441906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aims to investigate the dynamic thiol/disulphincide homeostasis in patients with schizophrenia who have positive psychotic indications. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-four patients (26 males, 18 females; mean age = 34.40 ± 8.98 years) accepted at the Department of Psychiatry of the Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital and 33 healthy controls (15 males, 18 females; mean age of 30.30 ± 8.48 years) were included in the study. Serum native thiol and total thiol were measured with a novel colorimetric, automated method. The disulfide levels and disulfide/native thiol ratios were also calculated from these measured parameters. RESULTS Serum native thiol and the total thiol concentration were significantly lower in schizophrenia compared with the control group (p < .05). Disulphide levels and disulfide/native thiol ratios were significantly higher in schizophrenia compared with the control group (p < .05). When the patients were divided into two groups according to those who used medication and those who did not for the last two months, it was found to be significantly higher in those who used disulfide and disulfide/native thiol medication than those who did not use medication. CONCLUSION The disulfide/native thiol ratio in patients with schizophrenia who have been using medication for the last 2 months has been found to be significantly higher than controls who have not been using medication, may be indicating that the level of native thiol does not increase in a correlation as high as the increase in disulfide levels. It demonstrates that thiol/disulfide equilibrium has shifted towards the disulfide. The excess disulfide amounts might associated with both disease itself and the using medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kübranur Ünal
- a Department of Biochemistry , Ankara Polatlı State Hospital , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Gamze Erzin
- b Department of Psychiatry , Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Rabia Nazik Yüksel
- c Department of Psychiatry , Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Murat Alisik
- d Department of Biochemistry , Ankara Yıldırım Beyazit University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Özcan Erel
- d Department of Biochemistry , Ankara Yıldırım Beyazit University , Ankara , Turkey
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19
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González-Blanco L, García-Portilla MP, García-Álvarez L, de la Fuente-Tomás L, Iglesias García C, Sáiz PA, Rodríguez-González S, Coto-Montes A, Bobes J. Oxidative stress biomarkers and clinical dimensions in first 10 years of schizophrenia. REVISTA DE PSIQUIATRIA Y SALUD MENTAL 2018; 11:130-140. [PMID: 29691142 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpsm.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several studies have described increased oxidative stress parameters in patients with schizophrenia. The objectives of the current study were to identify potential oxidative stress biomarkers in stable patients during first 10 years of schizophrenia and determine if they are associated with specific clinical dimensions. MATERIAL AND METHODS Seventy-three clinically stable outpatients with schizophrenia and 73 sex and age-matched healthy controls were recruited. Sociodemographic, clinical and biological data were collected at enrollment. Blood biomarkers included homocysteine, the percentage of hemolysis, lipid peroxidation subproducts, and as an antioxidant biomarker, catalase activity in erythrocytes. RESULTS Comparative analyses after controlling for smoking and metabolic syndrome evidenced a significant increase in catalase activity in patients. Also, lower lipid peroxidation levels showed an association with negative symptoms. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, compensatory antioxidant mechanisms might be increased in stable patients with schizophrenia at early stages. Furthermore, there may be an inverse relationship between oxidative stress and negative dimension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia González-Blanco
- Área de Psiquiatría, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, España; Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, España; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, España.
| | - María Paz García-Portilla
- Área de Psiquiatría, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, España; Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, España; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, España
| | - Leticia García-Álvarez
- Área de Psiquiatría, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, España; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, España
| | | | - Celso Iglesias García
- Área de Psiquiatría, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, España; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, España; Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias, Langreo, España
| | - Pilar A Sáiz
- Área de Psiquiatría, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, España; Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, España; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, España
| | | | - Ana Coto-Montes
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, España
| | - Julio Bobes
- Área de Psiquiatría, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, España; Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, España; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, España
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Oxidative stress, prefrontal cortex hypomyelination and cognitive symptoms in schizophrenia. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1171. [PMID: 28934193 PMCID: PMC5538118 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2017.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a broad symptomatology, including cognitive symptoms that are thought to arise from the prefrontal cortex (PFC). The neurobiological aetiology of these symptoms remains elusive, yet both impaired redox control and PFC dysconnectivity have been recently implicated. PFC dysconnectivity has been linked to white matter, oligodendrocyte (OL) and myelin abnormalities in SZ patients. Myelin is produced by mature OLs, and OL precursor cells (OPCs) are exceptionally susceptible to oxidative stress. Here we propose a hypothesis for the aetiology of cognitive symptomatology in SZ: the redox-induced prefrontal OPC-dysfunctioning hypothesis. We pose that the combination of genetic and environmental factors causes oxidative stress marked by a build-up of reactive oxygen species that, during late adolescence, impair OPC signal transduction processes that are necessary for OPC proliferation and differentiation, and involve AMP-activated protein kinase, Akt-mTOR-P70S6K and peroxisome proliferator receptor alpha signalling. OPC dysfunctioning coincides with the relatively late onset of PFC myelination, causing hypomyelination and disruption of connectivity in this brain area. The resulting cognitive deficits arise in parallel with SZ onset. Hence, our hypothesis provides a novel neurobiological framework for the aetiology of SZ cognitive symptoms. Future research addressing our hypothesis could have important implications for the development of new (combined) antioxidant- and promyelination-based strategies to treat the cognitive symptoms in SZ.
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Srivastava S, Singh D, Patel S, Singh MR. Role of enzymatic free radical scavengers in management of oxidative stress in autoimmune disorders. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 101:502-517. [PMID: 28342757 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.03.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune disorders are distinct with over production and accumulation of free radicals due to its undisclosed genesis. The cause of numerous disorders as cancer, arthritis, psoriasis, diabetes, alzheimer's, cardiovascular disease, Parkinson's, respiratory distress syndrome, colitis, crohn's, pulmonary fibrosis, obesity and ageing have been associated with immune dysfunction and oxidative stress. In an oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species generally provoke the series of oxidation at cellular level. The buildup of free radicals in turn triggers various inflammatory cells causing release of various inflammatory interleukins, cytokines, chemokines, and tumor necrosis factors which mediate signal transduction and transcription pathways as nuclear factor- kappa B (NF-κB), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1α) and nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2). The imbalance could only be combat by supplementing natural defensive antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and catalase. The efficiency of these enzymes is enhanced by use of colloidal carriers which include cellular carriers, vesicular and particulate systems like erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets, liposomes, transferosomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, microspheres, emulsions. Thus this review provides a platform for understanding importance of antioxidant enzymes and its therapeutic applications in treatment of various autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Srivastava
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chattissgarh, 492010, India
| | - Deependra Singh
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chattissgarh, 492010, India
| | - Satish Patel
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chattissgarh, 492010, India
| | - Manju R Singh
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chattissgarh, 492010, India.
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Wolkowitz OM, Jeste DV, Martin AS, Lin J, Daly RE, Reuter C, Kraemer H. Leukocyte telomere length: Effects of schizophrenia, age, and gender. J Psychiatr Res 2017; 85:42-48. [PMID: 27835738 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia is linked with early medical comorbidity and mortality. These observations indicate possible "accelerated biological aging" in schizophrenia, although prior findings are mixed, and few such studies have examined the role of gender. One putative marker of biological aging is leukocyte telomere length (LTL), which typically shortens with age. METHODS We assessed LTL in phenotypically well characterized 134 individuals with schizophrenia (60 women and 74 men) and 123 healthy comparison subjects (HCs) (66 women and 57 men), aged 26 to 65 years. RESULTS Overall, LTL was inversely associated with age (t(249) = -6.2, p < 0.001), and a gender effect on the rate of LTL decrease with age was found (t(249) = 2.20, p = 0.029), with men declining more rapidly than women. No significant overall effect of diagnosis on the rate of decline was detected. However, at the average sample age (48 years), there was a significant gender effect in both schizophrenia and HC groups (t(249) = 2.48, p = 0.014), with women having longer LTL than men, and a significant gender X diagnosis effect (t(249) = 2.43, p = 0.016) - at the average sample age, women with schizophrenia had shorter LTL than HC women. DISCUSSION Gender, not the diagnosis of schizophrenia, was the major factor involved with LTL shortening across the age range studied. We discuss the constraints of a cross-sectional design and other methodological issues, and indicate future directions. Understanding the impact of schizophrenia on biological aging will require separate evaluations in men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen M Wolkowitz
- University of California San Francisco School of Medicine (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dilip V Jeste
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA; Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA; Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, 92093-0738, USA.
| | - Averria Sirkin Martin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA; Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, 92093-0738, USA
| | - Jue Lin
- University of California San Francisco School of Medicine (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca E Daly
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA; Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, 92093-0738, USA
| | - Chase Reuter
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA; Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, 92093-0738, USA
| | - Helena Kraemer
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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Lin H, Huang Q, Guo X, Liu P, Liu W, Zou Y, Zhu S, Deng G, Kuang J, Zhang C, Cao H, Hu G. Elevated level of renal xanthine oxidase mRNA transcription after nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus infection in growing layers. J Vet Sci 2016; 16:423-9. [PMID: 26119168 PMCID: PMC4701734 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2015.16.4.423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess relationships between xanthine oxidase (XOD) and nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus (NIBV) infection, 240 growing layers (35 days old) were randomly divided into two groups (infected and control) of 120 chickens each. Each chicken in the control and infected group was intranasally inoculated with 0.2 mL sterile physiological saline and virus, respectively, after which serum antioxidant parameters and renal XOD mRNA expression in growing layers were evaluated at 8, 15 and 22 days post-inoculation (dpi). The results showed that serum glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities in the infected group were significantly lower than in the control group at 8 and 15 dpi (p < 0.01), while serum malondialdehyde concentrations were significantly higher (p < 0.01). The serum uric acid was significantly higher than that of the control group at 15 dpi (p < 0.01). In addition, the kidney mRNA transcript level and serum activity of XOD in the infected group was significantly higher than that of the control group at 8, 15 and 22 dpi (p < 0.05). The results indicated that NIBV infection could cause the increases of renal XOD gene transcription and serum XOD activity, leading to hyperuricemia and reduction of antioxidants in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayuan Lin
- Clinical Veterinary Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi 330029, China
| | - Qiqi Huang
- Clinical Veterinary Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi 330029, China
| | - Xiaoquan Guo
- Clinical Veterinary Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi 330029, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Clinical Veterinary Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi 330029, China
| | - Weilian Liu
- Clinical Veterinary Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi 330029, China
| | - Yuelong Zou
- Clinical Veterinary Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi 330029, China
| | - Shuliang Zhu
- Clinical Veterinary Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi 330029, China
| | - Guangfu Deng
- Clinical Veterinary Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi 330029, China
| | - Jun Kuang
- Clinical Veterinary Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi 330029, China
| | - Caiying Zhang
- Clinical Veterinary Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi 330029, China
| | - Huabin Cao
- Clinical Veterinary Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi 330029, China
| | - Guoliang Hu
- Clinical Veterinary Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi 330029, China
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Koga M, Serritella AV, Sawa A, Sedlak TW. Implications for reactive oxygen species in schizophrenia pathogenesis. Schizophr Res 2016; 176:52-71. [PMID: 26589391 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2015.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a well-recognized participant in the pathophysiology of multiple brain disorders, particularly neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. While not a dementia, a wide body of evidence has also been accumulating for aberrant reactive oxygen species and inflammation in schizophrenia. Here we highlight roles for oxidative stress as a common mechanism by which varied genetic and epidemiologic risk factors impact upon neurodevelopmental processes that underlie the schizophrenia syndrome. While there is longstanding evidence that schizophrenia may not have a single causative lesion, a common pathway involving oxidative stress opens the possibility for intervention at susceptible phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minori Koga
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Meyer 3-166, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Anthony V Serritella
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Meyer 3-166, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Akira Sawa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Meyer 3-166, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Thomas W Sedlak
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Meyer 3-166, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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Kálmán S, Garbett KA, Janka Z, Mirnics K. Human dermal fibroblasts in psychiatry research. Neuroscience 2016; 320:105-21. [PMID: 26855193 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.01.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In order to decipher the disease etiology, progression and treatment of multifactorial human brain diseases we utilize a host of different experimental models. Recently, patient-derived human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cultures have re-emerged as promising in vitro functional system for examining various cellular, molecular, metabolic and (patho)physiological states and traits of psychiatric disorders. HDF studies serve as a powerful complement to postmortem and animal studies, and often appear to be informative about the altered homeostasis in neural tissue. Studies of HDFs from patients with schizophrenia (SZ), depression, bipolar disorder (BD), autism, attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder and other psychiatric disorders have significantly advanced our understanding of these devastating diseases. These reports unequivocally prove that signal transduction, redox homeostasis, circadian rhythms and gene*environment (G*E) interactions are all amenable for assessment by the HDF model. Furthermore, the reported findings suggest that this underutilized patient biomaterial, combined with modern molecular biology techniques, may have both diagnostic and prognostic value, including prediction of response to therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kálmán
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Szeged, 57 Kálvária Sgt, Szeged 6725, Hungary.
| | - K A Garbett
- Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, 8128 MRB III, 465 21st Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Z Janka
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Szeged, 57 Kálvária Sgt, Szeged 6725, Hungary.
| | - K Mirnics
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Szeged, 57 Kálvária Sgt, Szeged 6725, Hungary; Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, 8128 MRB III, 465 21st Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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Scott MR, Rubio MD, Haroutunian V, Meador-Woodruff JH. Protein Expression of Proteasome Subunits in Elderly Patients with Schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:896-905. [PMID: 26202105 PMCID: PMC4707836 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) is a major regulator of protein processing, trafficking, and degradation. While protein ubiquitination is utilized for many cellular processes, one major function of this system is to target proteins to the proteasome for degradation. In schizophrenia, studies have found UPS transcript abnormalities in both blood and brain, and we have previously reported decreased protein expression of ubiquitin-associated proteins in brain. To test whether the proteasome is similarly dysregulated, we measured the protein expression of proteasome catalytic subunits as well as essential subunits from proteasome regulatory complexes in 14 pair-matched schizophrenia and comparison subjects in superior temporal cortex. We found decreased expression of Rpt1, Rpt3, and Rpt6, subunits of the 19S regulatory particle essential for ubiquitin-dependent degradation by the proteasome. Additionally, the α subunit of the 11S αβ regulatory particle, which enhances proteasomal degradation of small peptides and unfolded proteins, was also decreased. Haloperidol-treated rats did not have altered expression of these subunits, suggesting the changes we observed in schizophrenia are likely not due to chronic antipsychotic treatment. Interestingly, expression of the catalytic subunits of both the standard and immunoproteasome were unchanged, suggesting the abnormalities we observed may be specific to the complexed state of the proteasome. Aging has significant effects on the proteasome, and several subunits (20S β2, Rpn10, Rpn13, 11Sβ, and 11Sγ) were significantly correlated with subject age. These data provide further evidence of dysfunction of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in schizophrenia, and suggest that altered proteasome activity may be associated with the pathophysiology of this illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline R Scott
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Maria D Rubio
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Vahram Haroutunian
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - James H Meador-Woodruff
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Lauritzen L, Brambilla P, Mazzocchi A, Harsløf LBS, Ciappolino V, Agostoni C. DHA Effects in Brain Development and Function. Nutrients 2016; 8:E6. [PMID: 26742060 PMCID: PMC4728620 DOI: 10.3390/nu8010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a structural constituent of membranes specifically in the central nervous system. Its accumulation in the fetal brain takes place mainly during the last trimester of pregnancy and continues at very high rates up to the end of the second year of life. Since the endogenous formation of DHA seems to be relatively low, DHA intake may contribute to optimal conditions for brain development. We performed a narrative review on research on the associations between DHA levels and brain development and function throughout the lifespan. Data from cell and animal studies justify the indication of DHA in relation to brain function for neuronal cell growth and differentiation as well as in relation to neuronal signaling. Most data from human studies concern the contribution of DHA to optimal visual acuity development. Accumulating data indicate that DHA may have effects on the brain in infancy, and recent studies indicate that the effect of DHA may depend on gender and genotype of genes involved in the endogenous synthesis of DHA. While DHA levels may affect early development, potential effects are also increasingly recognized during childhood and adult life, suggesting a role of DHA in cognitive decline and in relation to major psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotte Lauritzen
- Department of Nutrition Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Psychiatric Clinic, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Cà Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, 20121 Milan, Italy.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, University of Texas at Houston, 2800 South Macgregor Way, Houston, TX 77021, USA.
| | - Alessandra Mazzocchi
- Pediatric Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Cà Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20121 Milan, Italy.
| | - Laurine B S Harsløf
- Department of Nutrition Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Valentina Ciappolino
- Psychiatric Clinic, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Cà Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, 20121 Milan, Italy.
| | - Carlo Agostoni
- Pediatric Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Cà Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20121 Milan, Italy.
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