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Kumar G, Madka V, Pathuri G, Ganta V, Rao CV. Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Prevention by Gooseberry ( Phyllanthus emblica). Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:2291-2302. [PMID: 34839775 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.2008988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Indian gooseberry (Emblica officinalis Gaertn or Phyllanthus emblica Linn; family Phyllanthaceae) has a recognized history in Indian traditional medicine (Ayurveda). Various therapeutic properties have been attributed to gooseberry as a dietary supplement. Many parts of the plant (fruits, seed, leaves, root, bark, and flowers) possess various activities and are used to treat a range of diseases. This review focuses on the evidence for the cancer-preventive properties of gooseberry, its extracts, and its principal phytochemicals based on studies In Vitro and In Vivo. Most importantly, in multiple rodent models of cancer, treatment with P. emblica was found to prevent tumor incidence, number, and volume at various organ sites. The mechanism(s) implicated in gooseberry-mediated cancer inhibition are diverse and include antioxidants, Phase I and II enzyme modifications, anti-inflammatory action, regulation of the cell cycle, and modulation of oncogenic signaling genes. Studies in humans also indicate that P. emblica can offer various health benefits and synergize with other treatments. This review provides detailed information on the potential use of gooseberry extract as an anticarcinogenic in humans, illuminates the therapeutic applications, and discusses clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Kumar
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Hem-Onc, Department of Medicine, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma HSC, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.,VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Venkateshwar Madka
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Hem-Onc, Department of Medicine, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma HSC, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Gopal Pathuri
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Hem-Onc, Department of Medicine, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma HSC, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Vishal Ganta
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Hem-Onc, Department of Medicine, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma HSC, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Chinthalapally V Rao
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Hem-Onc, Department of Medicine, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma HSC, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.,VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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Firdous A, Ringø E, Elumalai P. Effects of green tea- and amla extracts on quality and melanosis of Indian white prawn (Fenneropenaeus indicus, Milne Edwards, 1837) during chilled storage. AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Shanmugarajan D, Girish C, Harivenkatesh N, Chanaveerappa B, Prasanna Lakshmi NC. Antihypertensive and pleiotropic effects of Phyllanthus emblica extract as an add-on therapy in patients with essential hypertension-A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Phytother Res 2021; 35:3275-3285. [PMID: 33570228 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Essential hypertension is an important cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality that is compounded by concomitant risk factors like diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia. Phyllanthus emblica is a rich source of antioxidants, tannins, and vitamin C and is used in treating various ailments in traditional medicine. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of aqueous extract of Phyllanthus emblica on essential hypertension and other protective actions. This randomized controlled trial was conducted on 150 patients with essential hypertension. Participants were randomly assigned to receive Phyllanthus emblica capsule (500 mg) or placebo twice daily, added to their routine medications for 12 weeks. Blood pressure was assessed at baseline, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after beginning treatment or placebo. Other investigations like lipid parameters, oxidant and antioxidant enzyme levels, hs-CRP levels, HbA1C, LFT, RFT, uric acid, and endothelial function were measured at baseline and 12 weeks. Both Phyllanthus emblica and placebo groups were comparable at baseline. Phyllanthus emblica had a good safety profile in patients with essential hypertension. However, the treatment with Phyllanthus emblica failed to produce any additional reduction in systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure levels and did not exhibit improvement in oxidant status, antioxidant capacity, lipid profile, HbA1C, arterial stiffness parameters, or hs-CRP levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayanidhi Shanmugarajan
- Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Chandrashekaran Girish
- Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Natarajan Harivenkatesh
- Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Bammigatti Chanaveerappa
- Department of Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
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A Randomized, Triple-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Add-On Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy of Emblica officinalis in Uncontrolled Hypertension. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:8592869. [PMID: 33082832 PMCID: PMC7563076 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8592869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction. Emblica officinalis (EO) has some cardiovascular effects, and there are some animal studies that show its antihypertensive effect. This study was conducted to determine the effect of combination of EO with standard therapy on the systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in patients with uncontrolled hypertension. Materials and Methods. This was a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled, 8-week study. Ninety-two patients with uncontrolled hypertension despite taking hypotensive drugs were randomly assigned into two groups to take EO (500 mg/TDS after meal) or placebo in combination with standard antihypertensive drugs. After 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks of intervention, SBP and DBP and heart rate (HR) were measured. Data were analyzed by SPSS software using repeated measures ANOVA. Results. Eighty-one patients (41 in the drug group and 40 in the placebo group) completed the study for 8 weeks and were analyzed. The mean ± standard deviation of age was 53.64 ± 10.01 years. SBP decreased as 15.6 ± 8.23% in the EO group and 6.3 ± 7.49% in the placebo group (P < 0.001). DBP decreased as 12.3 ± 7.87% and 3.88 ± 7.98%, respectively (P < 0.001). Time effect was not significant, but the group effect was significant (F = 13.875, P=0.001 for systolic BP and F = 18.948, P < 0.001 for diastolic BP). No side effects were reported during the study. Conclusion. Eight-week combination therapy of EO with standard antihypertensive drugs significantly reduced the SBP and DBP more than placebo in patients with uncontrolled hypertension.
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Chaudhary N, Sabikhi L, Hussain SA, Kumar M H S. A comparative study of the antioxidant and ACE inhibitory activities of selected herbal extracts. J Herb Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2020.100343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Teimouri E, Rainey-Smith SR, Bharadwaj P, Verdile G, Martins RN. Amla Therapy as a Potential Modulator of Alzheimer’s Disease Risk Factors and Physiological Change. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 74:713-733. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-191033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elham Teimouri
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Stephanie R. Rainey-Smith
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- Sir James McCusker Alzheimer’s Disease Research Unit (Hollywood Private Hospital), Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Prashant Bharadwaj
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Giuseppe Verdile
- Sir James McCusker Alzheimer’s Disease Research Unit (Hollywood Private Hospital), Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ralph N. Martins
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- Sir James McCusker Alzheimer’s Disease Research Unit (Hollywood Private Hospital), Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
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Patil BS, Kanthe PS, Reddy CR, Das KK. Emblica officinalis (Amla) Ameliorates High-Fat Diet Induced Alteration of Cardiovascular Pathophysiology. Cardiovasc Hematol Agents Med Chem 2019; 17:52-63. [PMID: 30963985 PMCID: PMC6864597 DOI: 10.2174/1871525717666190409120018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary high fat possibly causes oxidative stress. Also, it alters the pathophysiology of metabolically active myocardial tissues and vascular architecture. Emblica officinalis contains a potential antioxidant that counteracts oxidative stress and possibly maintains vascular integrity. OBJECTIVES To assess the effect of ethanolic extract of Emblica officinalis (EEO) on High Fat Diet (HFD) induced changes in vascular chemistry and histopathology of the cardiovascular system in male albino rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ethanolic extract of Emblica officinalis (EEO) was prepared and phytochemical analysis was done. Rats were divided into four groups, having six rats in each group as follows: group 1- Control (20% fat); group 2 (20% fat+ EEO 100 mg/kg/b w); group 3 (30% fat) and group 4 (30% fat + EEO 100 mg/kg/b w). Dietary and EEO supplementation was continued for 21 days. Gravimetric and oxidative stress markers like MDA, NO, antioxidants like Vitamin C and E, and molecular marker (NOS3) were evaluated. Histopathological analysis was done on the myocardium and elastic artery along with measurement of coronary arterial wall thickness and lumen diameter. One way ANOVA was done for analysis of data. RESULTS High fat diet showed a significant increase in MDA, decrease of NO with unaltered NOS3 protein in rats fed with high fat diet, which indicate possible alteration of vascular pathophysiology. Supplementation of EEO showed an ameliorating effect on high fat diet induced oxidative stress. These results were further corroborated with findings of a histopathological study on the myocardium, elastic artery and coronary arterial architecture. CONCLUSION Ethanolic extract of Emblica officinalis (EEO) indicates its cardioprotective efficacy against rats fed with high fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bheemshetty S Patil
- Department of Anatomy, Shri B.M. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, BLDE (Deemed to be University), Vijayapur-586103, Karnataka, India
| | - Pallavi S Kanthe
- Laboratory of Vascular Physiology and Medicine, Department of Physiology, Shri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, BLDE (Deemed to be University), Vijayapur- 586103, Karnataka, India
| | - Chandramouli R Reddy
- Laboratory of Vascular Physiology and Medicine, Department of Physiology, Shri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, BLDE (Deemed to be University), Vijayapur- 586103, Karnataka, India
| | - Kusal K Das
- Laboratory of Vascular Physiology and Medicine, Department of Physiology, Shri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, BLDE (Deemed to be University), Vijayapur- 586103, Karnataka, India
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Tirawanchai N, Homongkol P, Chansriniyom C, Somkasetrin A, Jantaravinid J, Kengkoom K, Ampawong S. Lipid-lowering effect of Phyllanthus embilica and Alpinia galanga extracts on HepG2 cell line. PHARMANUTRITION 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2019.100153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Usharani P, Merugu PL, Nutalapati C. Evaluation of the effects of a standardized aqueous extract of Phyllanthus emblica fruits on endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, systemic inflammation and lipid profile in subjects with metabolic syndrome: a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled clinical study. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:97. [PMID: 31060549 PMCID: PMC6503348 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2509-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial dysfunction (ED) has been observed in individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and contributes to the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. The primary management of MetS involves lifestyle modifications and treatment of its individual components with drugs all of which have side effects. Thus, it would be of advantageous if natural products would be used as adjuncts or substitutes for conventional drugs. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of standardized aqueous extract of fruits of Phyllanthus emblica (P. emblica) 250 mg and 500 mg twice daily on ED, oxidative stress, systemic inflammation and lipid profile in subjects with MetS. METHODS In this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study endothelial function was measured by calculating reflection index (RI) using digital plethysmograph. Oxidative stress biomarkers used were nitric oxide (NO), glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Systemic inflammation was measured by determining high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and dyslipidemia by lipid profile. ANOVA, paired and unpaired t-test were used. P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Out of 65 screened subjects all 59 enrolled completed the study. P. emblica aqueous extract (PEE), 250 mg and 500 mg twice daily dosing, showed significant reduction in mean RI, measure of endothelial function, at 8 and 12 weeks (p < 0.001) compared to baseline and placebo. Significant mean % change was seen in oxidative stress biomarkers, NO (+ 41.89%, + 50.7%), GSH (+ 24.31%, + 53.22%) and MDA (- 21.02%, - 31.44%), and systemic inflammation biomarker, hsCRP (- 39.68%, - 53.77%) (p < 0.001) at 12 weeks with 250 mg and 500 mg twice daily dosage respectively. Significant mean % change was also seen at 12 weeks with TC (- 7.71%, - 11.11%), HDL-C (+ 7.33% + 22.16%, p < 0.05), LDL-C (- 11.39%, - 21.8%) and TG (- 9.81%, - 19.22%) respectively with 250 mg and 500 mg twice daily (p < 0.001). PEE 500 mg twice daily was significantly more efficacious than the 250 mg twice daily and placebo. No participant discontinued the study because of adverse events. CONCLUSIONS P.emblica aqueous extract significantly improved endothelial function, oxidative stress, systemic inflammation and lipid profile at both dosages tested, but especially at 500 mg twice daily. Thus, this product may be used as an adjunct to conventional therapy (lifestyle modification and pharmacological intervention) in the management of metabolic syndrome. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was registered with Clinical Trials Registry - India (CTRI) with the registration number of CTRI/2017/09/009606 . The study was registered retrospectively on 4th September 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingali Usharani
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Telangana, India
| | - Padma Latha Merugu
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Telangana, India
| | - Chandrasekhar Nutalapati
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Telangana, India
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Upadya H, Prabhu S, Prasad A, Subramanian D, Gupta S, Goel A. A randomized, double blind, placebo controlled, multicenter clinical trial to assess the efficacy and safety of Emblica officinalis extract in patients with dyslipidemia. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:27. [PMID: 30670010 PMCID: PMC6341673 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2430-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dyslipidemia is one of the most frequently implicated risk factors for development of atherosclerosis. This study evaluated the efficacy of amla (Emblica officinalis) extract (composed of polyphenols, triterpenoids, oils etc. as found in the fresh wild amla fruit) in patients with dyslipidemia. METHODS A total of 98 dyslipidemic patients were enrolled and divided into amla and placebo groups. Amla extract (500 mg) or a matching placebo capsule was administered twice daily for 12 weeks to the respective group of patients. The patients were followed up for 12 weeks and efficacy of study medication was assessed by analyzing lipid profile. Other parameters evaluated were apolipoprotein B (Apo B), apolipoprotein A1 (Apo A1), Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), fasting blood sugar (FBS), homocysteine and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). RESULTS In 12 weeks, the major lipids such as total cholesterol (TC) (p = 0.0003), triglyceride (TG) (p = 0.0003), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (p = 0.0064) and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) (p = 0.0001) were significantly lower in amla group as compared to placebo group. Additionally, a 39% reduction in atherogenic index of the plasma (AIP) (p = 0.0177) was also noted in amla group. The ratio of Apo B to Apo A1 was reduced more (p = 0.0866) in the amla group as compared to the placebo. There was no significant change in CoQ10 level of amla (p = 0.2942) or placebo groups (p = 0.6744). Although there was a general trend of FBS reduction, the numbers of participants who may be classified as pre-diabetes and diabetes groups (FBS > 100 mg/dl) in the amla group were only 8. These results show that the amla extract used in the study is potentially a hypoglycaemic as well. However, this needs reconfirmation in a larger study. CONCLUSIONS The Amla extract has shown significant potential in reducing TC and TG levels as well as lipid ratios, AIP and apoB/apo A-I in dyslipidemic persons and thus has scope to treat general as well as diabetic dyslipidemia. A single agent to reduce cholesterol as well as TG is rare. Cholesterol reduction is achieved without concomitant reduction of Co Q10, in contrast to what is observed with statins. TRIAL REGISTRATION Registered with Clinical Trials Registry- India at www.ctri.nic.in (Registration number: CTRI/2015/04/005682 ) on 8 April 2015 (retrospectively registered).
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Hashem-Dabaghian F, Ziaee M, Ghaffari S, Nabati F, Kianbakht S. A systematic review on the cardiovascular pharmacology of Emblica officinalis Gaertn. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res 2018; 10:118-128. [PMID: 30386531 PMCID: PMC6203864 DOI: 10.15171/jcvtr.2018.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The Emblica officinalis (EO) fruit has traditionally been considered as a cardioactive
medication and has demonstrated remarkable cardiovascular effects in the pharmacological
literature. The present study systematically reviews EO’s potential for prevention and therapy of
cardiovascular diseases (CVD).
Methods: PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Proquest, Ebsco, Google, Google Scholar, Ovid,
and Cochrane databases were searched from 1966 to 2017 for the English and non-English
literature using the terms including the cognates of EO including
amla, Emblic myrobalan,
Emblica officinalis, Emblica pectinata
, Indian gooseberry, and Phyllanthus emblica together
with antioxidant, arrhythmia, cardioprotective, cardiotoxicity, heart disease, heart failure,
hyperlipidemia, hypertension, myocardial dysfunction, and oxidative stress. The inclusion
criteria were in vitro, animal, and clinical cardiovascular pharmacological studies conducted on
EO and full-text accessibility. The exclusion criterion was studies in which a combination of EO
and at least one other plant was investigated. The reference lists of the retrieved articles were also
searched manually for additional eligible articles. The methodological quality of clinical trials was
assessed by the Jadad scale, and animal studies were evaluated by the ARRIVE checklist.
Results: Nineteen articles concerning the cardiovascular pharmacological effects of EO were
included in this review. The plant has shown antiatherogenic, anticoagulant, hypolipidemic,
antihypertensive, antioxidant, antiplatelet, and vasodilatory effects as well as lipid deposition
inhibitory properties. Moreover, it prevents from doxorubicin and isoproterenol cardiotoxicity
and myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, and improves vascular endothelial function in
animal studies. Some high-quality clinical studies report the vasodilatory and myocardial
antioxidant properties as well as anti-platelet aggregation effects of this plant.
Conclusion: EO influences various cardiovascular risk-factors. However, there is not sufficient
evidence to confirm the plant efficacy in preventing and treating CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fataneh Hashem-Dabaghian
- Research Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,School of Persian Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Ziaee
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Samad Ghaffari
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Nabati
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran
| | - Saeed Kianbakht
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran
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Emblica officinalis (Amla): A review for its phytochemistry, ethnomedicinal uses and medicinal potentials with respect to molecular mechanisms. Pharmacol Res 2016; 111:180-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Kumari P, Khatkar BS. Assessment of total polyphenols, antioxidants and antimicrobial properties of aonla varieties. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2016; 53:3093-3103. [PMID: 27765980 PMCID: PMC5052178 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-016-2282-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Phenolic content, antioxidant activities and antimicrobial activities of methanolic, ethanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of five different varieties of aonla (Emblica officinalis) fruits as well their powders were evaluated. Total polyphenolic content in fresh aonla fruit extracts varied from 70.6 to 159.4 mg GAE/g and their EC 50 (effective concentration) values for antioxidant activity ranged from 46.72 to 359.7 µg/ml. Significant varietal difference were observed in antioxidant activity of the extracts of fresh aonla fruit and powder. Among the variety analyzed, Desi variety exhibited significantly higher TPC (total polyphenol content) and antioxidant activity in fresh as well as dried form in all the extracts. Methanolic extracts of various varieties had maximum TPC and antioxidant activity. Variety NA-7 showed high TPC and antioxidant activity. Almost, similar trend was observed among the extracts of aonla powders for TPC and AOA (antioxidant activity). A high positive correlation coefficient existed between TPC and AOA of different aonla extracts. All the extracts analyzed, exhibited a strong antimicrobial potential against E. coli, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. This study suggests aonla as potential natural source of antioxidants and antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parveen Kumari
- Department of Food Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, 125001 India
| | - B. S. Khatkar
- Department of Food Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, 125001 India
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Kajal A, Kishore L, Kaur N, Gollen R, Singh R. Therapeutic agents for the management of atherosclerosis from herbal sources. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjbas.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Khanna D, Banewal L, Mehan S. Spices, Fruits, Nuts and Vitamins: Preventive Interventions for Myocardial Infarction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.5567/pharmacologia.2013.553.570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Thounaojam MC, Jadeja RN, Salunke SP, Devkar RV, Ramachandran AV. Sida rhomboidea.Roxb aqueous extract down-regulates in vivo expression of vascular cell adhesion molecules in atherogenic rats and inhibits in vitro macrophage differentiation and foam cell formation. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2012; 34:832-43. [PMID: 22385396 DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2012.663386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluates efficacy of Sida rhomboidea.Roxb (SR) leaves extract in ameliorating experimental atherosclerosis using in vitro and in vivo experimental models. Atherogenic (ATH) diet fed rats recorded significant increment in the serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very LDL (VLDL), autoantibody against oxidized LDL (Ox-LDL), markers of LDL oxidation and decrement in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) along with increment in aortic TC and TG. The ex vivo LDL oxidation assay revealed an increased susceptibility of LDL isolated from ATH rats to undergo copper mediated oxidation. These set of changes were minimized by simultaneous co-supplementation of SR extract to ATH diet fed rats. Histopathology of aorta and immunolocalization studies recorded pronounced atheromatous plaque formation, vascular calcification, significant elastin derangements and higher expression of macrophage surface marker (F4/80), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and p-selectin in ATH rats. Whereas, ATH+SR rats depicted minimal evidence of atheromatous plaque formation, calcium deposition, distortion/defragmentation of elastin and accumulation of macrophages along with lowered expression of VCAM-1 and P-selectin compared to ATH rats. Further, monocyte to macrophage differentiation and in vitro foam cell formation were significantly attenuated in presence of SR extract. In conclusion, SR extract has the potency of controlling experimental atherosclerosis and can be used as promising herbal supplement in combating atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menaka C Thounaojam
- Division of Phytotherapeutics and Metabolic Endocrinology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
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Antony B, Benny M, Kaimal TNB. A Pilot clinical study to evaluate the effect of Emblica officinalis extract (Amlamax™) on markers of systemic inflammation and dyslipidemia. Indian J Clin Biochem 2008; 23:378-81. [PMID: 23105791 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-008-0083-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Emblica officinalis Gaertn., commonly known as the Indian gooseberry or "Amla", has been used as health food for centuries in India and other Asian countries. The biological effects of amla have been attributed to the antioxidant properties of the low-molecular weight hydrolysable tannins present in the fruit. Amlamax™ is a purified, standardized, dried extract of amla containing about 35% galloellagi tannins along with other hydrolysable tannins. Our earlier studies on rabbits showed significant reduction in total cholesterol and triglycerides as well as increase in HDL. The present study extends these results to human volunteers. Two doses of the extract were evaluated - 500 mg and 1000 mg per day for 6 months. Blood samples were collected at the 3rd and 6th months showed reduction in total and LDL cholesterols and enhancement of beneficial HDL cholesterol. In addition, blood CRP levels, a marker for inflammation, were also significantly reduced. Since dyslipidemia and inflammation are the two major components of cardiovascular diseases, the present results must be considered encouraging and indicate the potential of Amlamax™ in the management of heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Antony
- Research and Development Laboratory, Arjuna Natural Extracts Ltd., P.B No. 126, Bank Road, Alwaye, Kerala, 683101 India
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