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Sluka B, Held U, Wegehaupt F, Neuhaus KW, Attin T, Sahrmann P. Is there a rise of prevalence for Molar Incisor Hypomineralization? A meta-analysis of published data. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:127. [PMID: 38273324 PMCID: PMC10809700 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03637-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Since Molar Incisor Hypomineralization was first described as a pathologic entity, public perception often suggests a considerable rise in prevalence of the respective disease. Since there are still considerable doubts regarding the etiology and-accordingly-prevention of MIH and respective therapeutic approaches are difficult this question is of considerable clinical and public interest. Accordingly, a systematic literature search in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews on Medline, Cochrane Database, EMBASE, LILACS, Web of Science, Google scholar, Scopus was performed to retrieve original articles reporting the prevalence of MIH as defined by the European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (EAPD). From initially 2360 retrieved titles, 344 full texts were assessed for possible inclusion and finally 167 articles of mainly moderate to high quality and based on data of 46'613 individuals were included in the meta-analysis. All studies published before 2001 had to be excluded since it was not possible to align the findings with the EAPD classification. Studies varied considerably regarding cohort size (25 to 23'320, mean 1'235)) and age (5.6-19 y, mean 9.8 y). Over all studies, the weighted mean for the prevalence for MIH was 12.8% (95% CI 11.5%-14.1%) and no significant changes with respect to either publication year or birthyear were found. A sub-analysis of eleven studies reporting on the prevalence in different age groups, however, revealed strong evidence for an increasing prevalence between the years 1992 (3%) and 2013 (13%).Therefore, based on data from cross-sectional studies a possible rise in prevalence of MIH remains unclear. Future prospective large-scale studies under standardized examination conditions with an emphasis on examiner calibration are needed to gain better understanding in the evolution of the prevalence of MIH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ulrike Held
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Florian Wegehaupt
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Klaus W Neuhaus
- Department of General Pediatric and Adolescent Dentistry, University Center for Dental Medicine UZB, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Attin
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Sahrmann
- Department of Periodontology, Endodontology and Cariology, University Center for Dental Medicine UZB, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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Mazur M, Corridore D, Ndokaj A, Ardan R, Vozza I, Babajko S, Jedeon K. MIH and Dental Caries in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:1795. [PMID: 37372913 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11121795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a clinical condition affecting permanent teeth in children, with a documented rising trend in the last two decades. The aim of the present study was to analyze and synthesize the available evidence on caries experience (dmft/DMFT) and MIH in children. (2) Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted according to the PRISMA statement. (3) Results: 59 papers published between 2007 and 2022 were included in the qualitative synthesis and 18 in the meta-analysis. The total sample of subjects was 17,717 (mean: 896), of which 2378 (13.4%) had MIH (mean: 119), with a girl/boy ratio of 1:1. The mean age of the enrolled participants was 8.6 (age range 7-10 years). Meta-analysis showed that MIH has a positive correlation with both dmft (effect size of 0.67, 95% CI [0.15, 1.19]) and DMFT (effect size of 0.56, 95% CI [0.41, 0.72]); (4) Conclusions: Children with MIH should be diagnosed correctly and on time. Treatment and management options for moderate and severe forms of MIH should consider prognosis based on known risk factors, and secondary and tertiary prevention policies should also consider the multifactorial nature of caries etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Mazur
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Denise Corridore
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Artnora Ndokaj
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Roman Ardan
- Department of Economic Sciences, Koszalin University of Technology, 75-343 Koszalin, Poland
| | - Iole Vozza
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Sylvie Babajko
- Laboratory of Biomedical Research in Odontology, Unité Propre de Recherche 2496, Université Paris Cité, 1 rue Maurice Arnoux, 92120 Montrouge, France
| | - Katia Jedeon
- Laboratory of Biomedical Research in Odontology, Unité Propre de Recherche 2496, Université Paris Cité, 1 rue Maurice Arnoux, 92120 Montrouge, France
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Rothschild Hospital, 5 rue Santerre, 75012 Paris, France
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Shinde MR, Winnier JJ. Correlation between Aerosol Therapy and Other Associated Factors in Early Childhood with Molar Incisor Hypomineralization. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022; 15:554-557. [PMID: 36865735 PMCID: PMC9973097 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Context The etiology of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) has been extensively explored. Recently, the effect of drugs used in aerosol therapy in childhood has been implicated as a possible factor in the development of MIH. Aim A case-control study was conducted in children aged 6-13 years to determine the association between aerosol therapy and other factors in the development of MIH. Materials and methods A total of 200 children were examined for the presence of MIH according to the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD) criteria (2003). Their mothers or primary caregivers were interviewed regarding the preterm history and perinatal, and postnatal history of the child up to 3 years of life. Statistical analysis The collected data were subjected to statistical analysis using descriptive and inferential analyses. The p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Statistically significant association was observed between the development of MIH and exposure to aerosol therapy in childhood and the use of antibiotics before 1 year of life. Conclusion Exposure to aerosol therapy and antibiotics before 1 year of age are risk factors in MIH. Children who had aerosol therapy and antibiotics are 2.01 times and 1.61 times more prone to MIH. How to cite this article Shinde MR, Winnier JJ. Correlation between Aerosol Therapy and Other Associated Factors in Early Childhood with Molar Incisor Hypomineralization. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(5):554-557.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitali R Shinde
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, D Y Patil University (DYPU) (Deemed to be University), Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - J Jasmin Winnier
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, D Y Patil University (DYPU) (Deemed to be University), Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Verma S, Dhinsa K, Tripathi AM, Saha S, Yadav G, Arora D. Molar Incisor Hypomineralization: Prevalence, Associated Risk Factors, Its Relation with Dental Caries and Various Enamel Surface Defects in 8–16-year-old Schoolchildren of Lucknow District. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022; 15:1-8. [PMID: 35528491 PMCID: PMC9016907 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Aim Methodology Results Conclusion Clinical significance How to cite this article
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kavita Dhinsa
- Sardar Patel Post Graduate Institute of Dental & Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhay Mani Tripathi
- Sardar Patel Post Graduate Institute of Dental & Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sonali Saha
- Sardar Patel Post Graduate Institute of Dental & Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Sonali Saha, Sardar Patel Post Graduate Institute of Dental & Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India, Phone: +91 9889234995, e-mail:
| | - Gunjan Yadav
- Sardar Patel Post Graduate Institute of Dental & Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Deval Arora
- Autonomous State Medical College, Shahjahanpur
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Khan A, Garg N, Mayall SS, Pathivada L, Kaur H, Yeluri R. Prevalence, Pattern, and Severity of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization in 8-12-year-old Schoolchildren of Moradabad City. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022; 15:168-174. [PMID: 37457205 PMCID: PMC10338942 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim and objective Recently, molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) has become more evident and one of the most common reasons for loss of teeth in children after dental caries. Being a country with a diverse ethnic population, the prevalence of MIH in different regions of India may differ. Hence, the present study was undertaken to determine the prevalence, pattern, and severity of MIH in 8-12-year-old Schoolchildren in Moradabad city. Materials and methods This study was conducted in various schools of Moradabad city to target a sample of 2,300 children aged between 8 and 12 years. The examination was done in their respective schools by a calibrated examiner in natural daylight using European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry diagnostic criteria for MIH 2015. The results, thus obtained, were statistically analyzed using Pearson's Chi-square test. Results A prevalence of 3.96% (91/2300) for MIH was reported without any gender predilection. Molar hypomineralization showed a prevalence of 1.3% (29/2300) whereas the prevalence for hypomineralization of second primary molars was 1.4% (22/1620). The most common type of defect was type 2 and most of the affected teeth were of grade I. Mandibular molars were more commonly affected compared to the maxillary molars. Conclusions A prevalence of 3.96% (91/2300) was observed for MIH. Frequent dental screening camps should be organized in schools at the community level for the enhancement of early diagnosis of MIH and designing appropriate management strategies. How to cite this article Khan A, Garg N, Mayall SS, et al. Prevalence, Pattern, and Severity of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization in 8-12-year-old Schoolchildren of Moradabad City. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(2):168-174.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajla Khan
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Mithila Minority Dental College and Hospital, Darbhanga, Bihar, India
| | - Nishita Garg
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Dental Institute, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Sandeep S Mayall
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Teerthanker Mahaveer Dental College and Research Centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Lumbini Pathivada
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Rungta College of Dental Sciences and Research, Bhilai, chhattisgarh, India
| | - Harsimran Kaur
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Teerthanker Mahaveer Dental College and Research Centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ramakrishna Yeluri
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Teerthanker Mahaveer Dental College and Research Centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Lopes LB, Machado V, Mascarenhas P, Mendes JJ, Botelho J. The prevalence of molar-incisor hypomineralization: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22405. [PMID: 34789780 PMCID: PMC8599453 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01541-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) is a qualitative defect of enamel of unknown etiology, affecting one or more permanent molars and may include incisors. This condition is a clinical challenge and its prevalence is still uncertain given the recent increase in research. Thus, we aimed to comprehensively estimate the overall prevalence of MIH and associated characteristics. This systematic review is reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). We searched articles using PubMed, MEDLINE, CENTRAL, Web of Science, SciELO, LILACS and TRIP databases, until July 2021. Heterogeneity and publication bias were computed via I2 test statistics and Egger's significance test, respectively. Random-effects meta-analysis of prevalence were processed. We used the Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy [SORT] to grading the strength of evidence. Overall, 116 observational studies were included, with one study with moderate methodological quality and the remaining of high methodological quality. Subgroup analysis confirmed an influence of not using the 2003 MIH case definition (p = 0.0066). The pooled prevalence of MIH was 13.5% (95% CI 12.0-15.1, I2 = 98.0%). Affected incisors were seen in 36.6% (95% CI 30.0-43.7, I2 = 92.5%) of the cases. Lastly, the prevalence of hypomineralization of the second primary molars was observed in 3.6% of the MIH cases (95% CI 1.9-6.8, I2 = 96.3%). America was the continent with highest prevalence (15.3, 95% CI 12.8-18.3, p < 0.001, I2 = 96.3%) and Asia had the lowest prevalence (10.7, 95% CI 8.5-13.5, p < 0.001, I2 = 98.7%), however no continental differences were found. Sample size and year of publication were slight contributing factors to the heterogeneity in the analysis. Overall, these results were classified with a SORT A recommendation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luísa Bandeira Lopes
- Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Egas Moniz - Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, CRL, Campus Universitário, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511, Almada, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Machado
- Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Egas Moniz - Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, CRL, Campus Universitário, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511, Almada, Portugal
- Evidence-Based Hub, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Egas Moniz - Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, CRL, 2829-511, Almada, Portugal
| | - Paulo Mascarenhas
- Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Egas Moniz - Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, CRL, Campus Universitário, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511, Almada, Portugal
- Evidence-Based Hub, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Egas Moniz - Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, CRL, 2829-511, Almada, Portugal
| | - José João Mendes
- Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Egas Moniz - Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, CRL, Campus Universitário, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511, Almada, Portugal
- Evidence-Based Hub, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Egas Moniz - Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, CRL, 2829-511, Almada, Portugal
| | - João Botelho
- Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Egas Moniz - Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, CRL, Campus Universitário, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511, Almada, Portugal.
- Evidence-Based Hub, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Egas Moniz - Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, CRL, 2829-511, Almada, Portugal.
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Sajadi FS, Hasheminejad N, Mehdizadeh A, Eskandarizadeh A, Rostamizadeh M. Dentists’ Knowledge and Clinical Experience towards Molar-Incisor-Hypomineralization in Iran. PESQUISA BRASILEIRA EM ODONTOPEDIATRIA E CLÍNICA INTEGRADA 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/pboci.2021.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Thakur H, Kaur A, Singh N, Singh R, Kumar S. Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization in 8-16-year-old Children in Industrial Town of Solan District of Himachal Pradesh. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020; 13:230-234. [PMID: 32904091 PMCID: PMC7450191 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence and etiology of molar–incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in 8- to 16-year-old children from town (Baddi) of Himachal Pradesh. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with 2000 children from various schools of Baddi. Molar–incisor hypomineralization was diagnosed on the basis of EAPD 2003 criteria revised in 2009. Results Prevalence of MIH found was to be 2.9%. Demarcated opacities were predominant among all the defects. Postnatal illnesses were highly associated with MIH. The prevalence of dental caries reported in MIH patients was 82.7%. Conclusion Postnatal illnesses are significantly associated with MIH. Molar–incisor hypomineralization predisposes the tooth to dental caries. How to cite this article Thakur H, Kaur A, Singh R, et al. Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of Molar–Incisor Hypomineralization in 8–16-year-old Children in Industrial Town of Solan District of Himachal Pradesh. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020;13(3):230–234.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemlata Thakur
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Bhojia Dental College and Hospital, Baddi, Nalagarh, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Avninder Kaur
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Bhojia Dental College and Hospital, Baddi, Nalagarh, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Neetika Singh
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Bhojia Dental College and Hospital, Baddi, Nalagarh, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Reetu Singh
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Bhojia Dental College and Hospital, Baddi, Nalagarh, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sanchit Kumar
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Bhojia Dental College and Hospital, Baddi, Nalagarh, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Emmatty TB, Eby A, Joseph MJ, Bijimole J, Kavita K, Asif I. The prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization of school children in and around Muvattupuzha, Kerala. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2020; 38:14-19. [PMID: 32174624 DOI: 10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_152_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a developmental dental defect and has a significant impact on the quality of life of affected individuals. Most of the prevalence studies of MIH have been carried out in the European countries; very little data are available from India. AIM The aim and objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of MIH in 8-15-year-old Malayalee school children in and around Muvattupuzha, Kerala. SETTINGS AND DESIGN A cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted in 5318 healthy Malayalee school children aged between 8 and 15 years in and around Muvattupuzha. MATERIALS AND METHODS The first permanent molars (FPMs) and all permanent incisors were examined for MIH using the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry 2003 diagnostic criteria. The severity of hypomineralization was recorded according to the Wetzel and Reckel scale. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software version 20.0, and a comparison between groups was carried out using the Chi-square test. P ≤ 0.05 was considered for statistical significance. RESULTS A total of 216 children were diagnosed with MIH. The maximum MIH-affected tooth was found to be mandibular right FPM (186), followed by mandibular left FPM (172), maxillary left FPM (160), and maxillary right FPM (156). CONCLUSION The prevalence of MIH in permanent dentition of Malayalee school children in and around Muvattupuzha was 4.1%. Among the MIH-affected children, very few have undertaken dental treatment for the same. Hence, proper awareness and planned preventive and restorative programs are required to minimize the problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharian B Emmatty
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Annoor Dental College, Muvattupuzha, Kerala, India
| | - Aluckal Eby
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Mar Baselios Dental College, Kothamangalam, Kerala, India
| | - Methippara John Joseph
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Annoor Dental College, Muvattupuzha, Kerala, India
| | - Jose Bijimole
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Annoor Dental College, Muvattupuzha, Kerala, India
| | - Kumar Kavita
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Annoor Dental College, Muvattupuzha, Kerala, India
| | - Ismail Asif
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Annoor Dental College, Muvattupuzha, Kerala, India
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Davenport M, Welles AD, Angelopoulou MV, Gonzalez C, Okunseri C, Barbeau L, Bansal NK, Vergotine RJ, Hodgson BD. Prevalence of molar-incisor hypomineralization in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA: a pilot study. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent 2019; 11:109-117. [PMID: 31239785 PMCID: PMC6554526 DOI: 10.2147/ccide.s172736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This pilot study investigated the prevalence of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) in third-grade school children in Milwaukee Wisconsin, USA. Methods: A convenience sample of third-grade school children in the Milwaukee Public School System (MPS) participated in the study. Calibrated examiners trained on the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD) MIH recommendations examined the children between December 1, 2014 and June 30, 2015. Children were examined at their schools using a flashlight and mirror after receiving consent from parents/caregivers and assent from each child. Findings were recorded onto a standardized form by one of five trained examiners. Summary statistics were calculated, and bivariate analysis were done to identify factors associated with MIH. Results: A total of 375 children (average age =8.66 years, range 7-12) were examined, 60% females and 41% Hispanics. Overall, 36 (9.6%) of the children demonstrated findings consistent with the diagnosis of MIH. Among the teeth with MIH defects, severe defects were higher in lower molars. There were no statistically significant differences between those with and without MIH by sex, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status in this study. Conclusion: The study revealed that 9.6% of the children examined were affected by MIH. Future studies should focus on statewide and/or nationwide surveys in the United States to ascertain the extent and severity of the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Davenport
- Pediatric Dentistry Residency Program, Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI53201, USA
| | - Andrew D Welles
- Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI53233, USA
| | | | - Cesar Gonzalez
- Predoctoral Program in Pediatric Dentistry, Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI53233, USA
| | - Christopher Okunseri
- Predoctoral Program in Dental Public Health, Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI53233, USA
| | - Lori Barbeau
- Pediatric Dentistry Residency Program, Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI53201, USA
| | - Naveen K Bansal
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Rodney J Vergotine
- College of Dental Medicine – Illinois [CDMI], Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, USA
| | - Brian D Hodgson
- Pediatric Dentistry Residency Program, Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Rai PM, Jain J, Raju AS, Nair RA, Shashidhar K, Dsouza S. Prevalence of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization among School Children Aged 9 to 12 Years in Virajpet, Karnataka, India. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7:1042-1046. [PMID: 30976358 PMCID: PMC6454169 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is defined as a qualitative defect of the enamel characterised by the progressive and simultaneous hypomineralization of the enamel structure of the first permanent molars which is of systemic origin, which may be associated frequently with incisors. Although the reported prevalence of MIH ranges from 2.4% to 40.2% worldwide, very little data is available from India. AIM: To determine the prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization among school children aged 9 to 12 years in virajpet, Karnataka. METHODS: This cross-sectional descriptive study consisted of 1600 school children aged 9-12 years selected by stratified cluster sampling procedure. The European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry criteria were followed for MIH diagnosis. Chi-square test was used to analyse the categorical data. P ≤ 0.05 was considered for statistical significance. RESULTS: The prevalence of MIH is 13.12% with no gender predilection. Ten-year-old children showed the highest prevalence (15%) among all the age group. Majority of children with MIH (70.2%) have lesions in both molars and incisors with demarcated opacities and atypical restorations being the most frequent defect type. CONCLUSION: Prevalence of MIH was 13.12% in the 9-12-year child population in Virajpet. There is a need for a proper planned preventive and restorative program about the increasing prevalence of MIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Mali Rai
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Coorg Institute of Dental Sciences, Virajpet, Karnataka
| | - Jithesh Jain
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Coorg Institute of Dental Sciences, Virajpet, Karnataka
| | - Ananda Shivamoga Raju
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Coorg Institute of Dental Sciences, Virajpet, Karnataka
| | - Rohit A Nair
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Coorg Institute of Dental Sciences, Virajpet, Karnataka
| | - Keerthan Shashidhar
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Subbaiah Institue of Dental Sciences, Shivamogga, Karnataka, India
| | - Sheehan Dsouza
- Department of Periodontology, Srinivas Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Karnataka
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Koruyucu M, Özel S, Tuna EB. Prevalence and etiology of molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in the city of Istanbul. J Dent Sci 2018; 13:318-328. [PMID: 30895140 PMCID: PMC6388839 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Molar-Incisor-Hypomineralisation (MIH) is the term used to depict a condition in which one or more of the permanent molar teeth and usually no less than one incisor tooth is hypomineralised and the prevalence rates vary from 2.4 to 40.2%. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and the risk factors of MIH in children in Istanbul, Turkey. Materials and methods A total of 1511 (760 M, 751 F), 8- to 11-year-old children were examined who had their first permanent molar and incisors evaluated using the EAPD criteria for MIH. Hypomineralized molars and incisors were recorded based on developmental defects of enamel index. The potential aetiological factors were retrieved through personal interview and etiological questions were asked to the parents. Statistical analysis was performed with a chi-Square test. Results MIH was observed in 215 (14.2%; 102 male, 113 female) children. The sample (1511 children) comprised 71 (9.9%) 8 year-olds with MIH and 144 (18.2%) 11 year-olds with MIH. A significant difference was found between 8 (9.9%) and 11-year-old (18.2%) children with MIH (p ≤ 0.001). Complications during the mother's pregnancy, birth prematurity, average breast feeding period, diarrhea frequency, digestive system diseases, asthma, frequent high fever, ear infection, renal failure, rubeola, chickenpox and parotitis were found to be significantly associated with MIH (p < 0.001). Conclusion There are many events that can cause MIH which we cannot control or predict. Therefore, longitudinal studies with large sample size are needed so as to determine how various likely etiological factors described affect the etiological role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mine Koruyucu
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pedodontics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevda Özel
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Bahar Tuna
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pedodontics, Istanbul, Turkey
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Abstract
Background: Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is the hypomineralization of systemic origin of one to four permanent first molars, frequently associated with affected incisors. It is presented as demarcated enamel opacities of different colors, occasionally undergoing posteruptive breakdown. The characteristic feature of MIH is the clear demarcation between the affected and sound enamel. There is asymmetry of defects present in the molars and incisors where one molar or incisor can be severely affected, while the contralateral tooth may be clinically sound or have only minor defects. Aim and Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate schoolchildren of 7–12 years of age with at least one of the first permanent molars fully or partially erupted from randomly selected government and private schools in Chennai using the European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (EAPD) criteria for MIH, to determine the prevalence and characteristics of MIH. Materials and Methods: The dental examinations were performed in the classroom using a mouth mirror and explorer under a headlight. Teeth were wiped with gauze when necessary to remove plaque or the food accumulations. Surfaces that were examined were the buccal, lingual, palatal, and occlusal surfaces of permanent first molars and labial surfaces of upper and lower incisors. A single examiner was involved to avoid interexaminer bias. All the data were collected and scored using the EAPD criteria for MIH. Results: A total of 22 (12.9%) children out of the examined 170 had MIH. Conclusion: Distribution of MIH was more in males, more in 9 years of age. A total of 13 children had first molars affected and 9 children had both incisors and molars affected. Molars were affected more than the incisors. Mandible was affected more in comparison with the maxilla. Right side was affected more than the left side. The distribution of MIH was more in government schools compared to private schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisira Padavala
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gheena Sukumaran
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Dixit UB, Joshi AV. Efficacy of Intraosseous Local Anesthesia for Restorative Procedures in Molar Incisor Hypomineralization-Affected Teeth in Children. Contemp Clin Dent 2018; 9:S272-S277. [PMID: 30294157 PMCID: PMC6169286 DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_252_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Treatment of teeth affected with molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in young patients is challenging due to chronic subclinical pulpal inflammation caused by porous enamel and exposed dentin. Hypersensitivity of the teeth and difficulty in achieving local anesthesia due to altered nerve potential affects the successful completion of the treatment. Aim The aim of the study was to compare the anesthetic efficacy of the intraosseous (IO) anesthetic technique with conventional local infiltration technique in anesthetizing first permanent molars (FPMs) affected by MIH for restorative procedures in children. Materials and Methods This randomized controlled clinical trial recruited 54 MIH-affected mandibular or maxillary FPMs requiring restorations or stainless steel crowns. The teeth were randomly allocated to two equal groups to receive either IO injection or buccal infiltration (control), both using 4% articaine. Onset, time required, and pain experienced for administration, need for repeat, efficacy of anesthetic technique, heart rate, and postoperative complications were recorded in both the groups. Collected data were subjected to statistical analysis. Results Onset was significantly faster and pain experienced during administration was significantly lower with IO technique. Need for repeat of anesthesia was significantly more with infiltration (44.4% vs. 7.4% in IO, P = 0.004). Local infiltration failed to produce profound anesthesia in 74.1% MIH-affected teeth. IO anesthesia profoundly anesthetized 88.9% MIH-affected teeth. Anesthetic efficacy was significantly better with IO anesthesia (P < 0.001). Postoperative complications were significantly lower with IO anesthesia (P = 0.003). Conclusion IO local anesthesia was found to be an effective and safe technique to achieve profound anesthesia in MIH-affected teeth in children in comparison to local infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma B Dixit
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, DY Patil Deemed to be University, School of Dentistry, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Amil V Joshi
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, DY Patil Deemed to be University, School of Dentistry, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of and factors associated with molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in schoolchildren aged 6-12 years. STUDY DESIGN This study included 1156 schoolchildren aged 6-12 years, living in Mexico City. A previously standardised examiner (k = 0.79) applied the diagnostic criteria for MIH from the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry. Children's parents completed a questionnaire about medical conditions in the perinatal period and the first 3 years of their children's lives. Descriptive measures were examined, multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed, and odds ratios (ORs) were calculated. RESULTS The subjects were 582 (50.4%) females and 574 (49.6%) males, with an average age of 8.4 ± 1.6 years. The prevalence of MIH was 15.8%, and this condition was more prevalent in children aged 9-12 years than in those aged 6-8 years (18% vs. 13.7%, p < 0.05). Risk factors for MIH were low birth weight (OR = 1.905, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.130-3.211, p = 0.014), urinary tract infection (OR = 4.841, 95% CI 2.863-8.186, p = 0.001), chickenpox (OR = 1.826, 95% CI 1.196-2.786, p = 0.005), and history of allergies (OR = 4.370, 95% CI 2.538-7.523, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of MIH in a group of Mexican schoolchildren was 15.8%. Medical conditions in the first years of life were more prevalent in children affected by MIH.
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