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Ma J, Liu W, Wang X, Lu C, Hao Z, Wang Y, Ding Y, Li Y. Cnidium officinale Makino: Phytology, Phytochemistry, Toxicology, Pharmacology and Prescriptions (1967-2023). Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301639. [PMID: 38062000 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Cnidium officinale Makino (COM), a perennial herbaceous plant in the Apiaceous family, widely distribute in Eastern Asia and Asia-Temperate. It has a long history application as a traditional medicine for invigorating the blood and removing blood stasis, and also has been employed to diet, pesticide, herbal bathing materials, the cosmetic and skin care industry. However, there has been no associated review of literature in the past half a century (1967-2023). By searching the international authoritative databases and collecting 229 literatures closely related to COM, herewith a comprehensive and systematic review was conducted. The phytology includes plant distribution and botanical characteristics. The phytochemistry covers 8 major categories, 208 compounds in total, and the quantitative determination of 14 monomer compounds, total polyphenols and total flavonoids. The clinical trial in pregnant women and toxic experiments in mice, the pharmacology of 7 aspects and 82 frequently used prescriptions are summarized. It is expected that this paper will provide forward-looking scientific thinking and literature support for the further modern research, development and utilization of COM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Xueyu Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Chang Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Zezhuang Hao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Ye Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Yuling Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Yong Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
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Yan Y, Zou Q, Zhou Y, He H, Yu W, Yan H, Yi Y, Zhao Z. Water extract from Ligusticum chuanxiong delays the aging of Saccharomyces cerevisiae via improving antioxidant activity. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19027. [PMID: 37600358 PMCID: PMC10432717 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Ligusticum chuanxiong is a common traditional edible-medicinal herb that has various pharmacological activities. However, its effects on Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) remains unknown. In this study, we found that water extract of Ligusticum chuanxiong (abbreviated as WEL) exhibited excellent free radical scavenging ability in-vitro. Moreover, WEL treatment could delay the aging of S. cerevisiae, an important food microorganism sensitive to reactive oxygen species (ROS) stress. Biochemical analyses revealed that WEL significantly increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes in S. cerevisiae, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR), as well as their gene expression. As a result, ROS level was significantly decreased and accompanied with the decline of malondialdehyde (MDA), which represented a state of low oxidative stress. The reduction of oxidative stress could elevate S. cerevisiae's ethanol fermentation efficiency. Taken together, WEL plays a protective role against S. cerevisiae aging via improving antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhui Yan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, PR China
| | - Qianxing Zou
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Liuzhou People's Hospital affiliated to Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, 545006, PR China
| | - Yueqi Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, PR China
| | - Huan He
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, PR China
| | - Wanguo Yu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, PR China
| | - Haijun Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yi Yi
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, PR China
| | - Zaoya Zhao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, PR China
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Complete genome sequence of a novel member of the genus Polerovirus from Cnidium officinale in South Korea. Arch Virol 2023; 168:104. [PMID: 36892625 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05732-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
The complete genome sequence of a novel virus found infecting Cnidium officinale, which we have named "cnidium polerovirus 1" (CnPV1), is 6,090 nucleotides in length, similar to those of other poleroviruses. Seven open reading frames (ORF0-5 and ORF3a) were predicted in this genome. CnPV1 shares 32.4%-38.9% full-length nucleotide sequence identity with other known polerovirus genome sequences. The putative P0, P1-2, P3-5, P3, and P4 proteins share 11.3%-19.5%, 37.1%-49.8%, 26.7%-39.5%, 40.8%-49.7%, and 40.8%-49.7% amino acid sequence identity, respectively, with homologous inferred protein sequences from known poleroviruses. Phylogenetic analysis of P1-2 and P3 sequences places CnPV1 with other members of the genus Polerovirus, indicating that it should be classified in a new distinct species.
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Gudeta WF, Belete MT, Igori D, Kim SE, Moon JS. Complete genome sequence of cnidium closterovirus 1, a novel member of the genus Closterovirus infecting Cnidium officinale. Arch Virol 2022; 167:1491-1494. [PMID: 35474497 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05448-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The genome of a novel virus identified in Cnidium officinale is composed of a monopartite ssRNA of 16,755 nucleotides that shares 68.73% (query coverage, 20%) sequence identity with carrot yellow leaf virus (CYLV, accession no. FJ869862.1). It contains 11 putative open reading frames and has an organization typical of closteroviruses. It shares 30-50% nucleotide sequence identity with other closteroviruses. The heat shock protein 70-like protein (HSP70), putative RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), and coat protein (CP) show 39-66%, 16-60%, and 24-41% amino acid sequence identity, respectively, to the homologous proteins of previously identified closteroviruses. Molecular and HSP70-based phylogenetic analysis of the genome and encoded protein sequences suggested that this virus is a novel member of the genus Closterovirus in the family Closteroviridae, which we have tentatively named "cnidium closterovirus 1" (CnClV1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Workitu Firomsa Gudeta
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Biosystems and Bioengineering Program, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.,Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), Holeta, Ethiopia
| | - Mesele Tilahun Belete
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Biosystems and Bioengineering Program, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Davaajargal Igori
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biology, School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Mongolian National University of Education, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Se Eun Kim
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sun Moon
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea. .,Biosystems and Bioengineering Program, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
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Polyphenolic HRMS Characterization, Contents and Antioxidant Activity of Curcuma longa Rhizomes from Costa Rica. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040620. [PMID: 35453305 PMCID: PMC9030737 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcuma longa constitutes an important source of secondary metabolites that have been associated with multiple health benefits. For instance, curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin, have been found to perform important biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial, antihypertensive and anticoagulant. These promising results prompted this research to evaluate the polyphenols of C. longa rhizomes in Costa Rica. The present work reports a comprehensive study on the polyphenolic profile and the contents of the three main curcuminoids as well as the antioxidant activity of extracts from C. longa rhizomes (n = 12) produced in Costa Rica. Through UPLC-QTOF-ESI MS, a total of 33 polyphenols were identified, grouped in eight types of structures. In addition, our findings on the main curcuminoids using UPLC-DAD show all rhizomes complying with total curcuminoids (TC) content established by the United States Pharmacopeia (USP). At an individual level, samples NW-3 and NE-1 show the higher contents (118.7 and 125.0 mg/g dry material), representing more than twice the average values of the lowest samples. These samples also exhibit the highest Folin−Ciocalteu (FC) reducing capacity results as well as the best DPPH (IC50 15.21 and 16.07 µg extract/mL) and NO (IC50 between 52.5 and 54.3 µg extract/mL) antioxidant values. Further, Pearson correlation analysis findings indicated positive correlation (p < 0.05) between TC, CUR with FC results (r = 0.833 and r = 0.867 respectively) and negative correlation (p < 0.05) between CUR, TC and FC with DPPH results (r = −0.898, r = −0.911, and r = −0.890, respectively) and between NO results and DPPH (r = −0.805, p < 0.05). Finally, results for Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed composition variability associated with their region of origin with products from the Northeastern (NE) region exhibiting higher average values for FC, TC and antioxidant activities. Further, PCA confirmed that two samples, namely NE-1 and NW-3, stand out by presenting the highest PC1 due to their particularly high TC, CUR and antioxidant activities. Consequently, our findings agree with previous results indicating the importance of C. longa extracts to elaborate products with potential benefits for health, while delivering extracts with higher levels of curcuminoids than previous reports and exhibiting high antioxidant activity.
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Takayama S, Arita R, Ono R, Saito N, Suzuki S, Kikuchi A, Ohsawa M, Tadano Y, Akaishi T, Tanaka J, Kanno T, Abe M, Onodera K, Ishii T. Treatment of COVID-19-Related Olfactory Disorder Promoted by Kakkontokasenkyushin'i: A Case Series. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2021; 254:71-80. [PMID: 34108344 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.254.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Olfactory disorders are one of the characteristic symptoms of the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19), which causes infection and inflammation of the upper and lower respiratory tract. To our knowledge, there are no treatments for COVID-19-related olfactory disorder. Here, we report five olfactory disorder cases in COVID-19, treated using the Japanese traditional (Kampo) medicine, kakkontokasenkyushin'i. We treated five patients with mild COVID-19 at an isolation facility using Kampo medicine, depending on their symptoms. Patients with the olfactory disorder presented with a blocked nose, nasal discharge or taste impairment. Physical examination using Kampo medicine showed similar findings, such as a red tongue with red spots and sublingual vein congestion, which presented as blood stasis and inflammation; thus, we prescribed the Kampo medicine, kakkontokasenkyushin'i. After administration, the numeric rating scale scores of the smell impairment improved within 3 days from 9 to 3 in case 1, from 10 to 0 in case 2, from 9 to 0 in case 3, from 5 to 0 in case 4, and from 9 to 0 within 5 days in case 5. Following the treatment, other common cold symptoms were also alleviated. Kakkontokasenkyushin'i can be used for treating nasal congestion, rhinitis, and inflammation in the nasal mucosa. The olfactory disorder in COVID-19 has been reportedly associated with inflammation and congestion, especially in the olfactory bulb and olfactory cleft. Kakkontokasenkyushin'i may be one of the treatment alternatives for the olfactory disorder with rhinitis in patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Takayama
- Department of Kampo Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital.,Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital.,Department of Kampo and Integrative Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Ryutaro Arita
- Department of Kampo Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital.,Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital
| | - Rie Ono
- Department of Kampo Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital.,Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital
| | - Natsumi Saito
- Department of Kampo Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital.,Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital
| | - Satoko Suzuki
- Department of Kampo Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital.,Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital
| | - Akiko Kikuchi
- Department of Kampo Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital.,Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital.,Department of Kampo and Integrative Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Minoru Ohsawa
- Department of Kampo Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital.,Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital.,Department of Kampo and Integrative Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yasunori Tadano
- Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital
| | - Tetsuya Akaishi
- Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital
| | - Junichi Tanaka
- Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital
| | - Takeshi Kanno
- Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital
| | - Michiaki Abe
- Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital
| | - Ko Onodera
- Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital
| | - Tadashi Ishii
- Department of Kampo Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital.,Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital.,Department of Kampo and Integrative Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
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Characterization of thrombin/factor Xa inhibitors in Rhizoma Chuanxiong through UPLC-MS-based multivariate statistical analysis. Chin Med 2020; 15:93. [PMID: 32874198 PMCID: PMC7457533 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-020-00376-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The dry root and rhizome of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort., or Chuanxiong, has been used as a blood-activating and stasis-removing traditional Chinese medicine for 1000 years. Our previous studies have shown the inhibitory activity on platelet and thrombin (THR) of Chuanxiong. THR and factor Xa (FXa) play significant roles in the coagulation cascade and their inhibitors are of valuable in the treatment of thromboembolic diseases. The aim of the present study is to screen THR and FXa inhibitors from Chuanxiong. Methods Four extracts [ethyl acetate (EA), butanol (BA) and remained extract (RE) from 75% ethanol extract, and water extract (WE)] of Chuanxiong were prepared, and their THR/FXa inhibitory activities were assessed in vitro. Following silica-gel column chromatography (SC), the active EA extract and BA extract was further partitioned, respectively. Their active fractions (EA-SC1 to EA-SC5; BA-SC1 to BA-SC5) were obtained and analyzed by LC–MS. After modeling by the principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminate analysis (OPLS-DA), the specific marker compounds were predicted and identified. Their enzyme inhibitory was assessed in vitro and interactions with THR/FXa were investigated by molecular docking analysis. Results Chuanxiong EA extract showed strong activity against THR and BA extract was more effective in inhibiting FXa activity, and their fractions exhibited obvious difference in enzyme inhibitory activity. Furthermore, marker compounds a–h were predicted by PCA and OPLS-DA, and their chemical structures were identified. Among them, senkyunolide A, Z-ligustilide, ferulic acid and senkyunolide I (IC50 was determined as 0.77 mM) with potential THR inhibitory activity, as well as isochlorogenic acid A with FXa inhibitory activity were screened out. It was found that the four components could interact with the active site of THR, and the binding energy was lower than − 5 kcal/mol. Isochlorogenic acid A were bound to the active site of FXa, and the binding energy was − 9.39 kcal/mol. The IC50 was determined as 0.56 mM. Conclusions THR/FXa inhibitory components in different extracts of Chuanxiong were successfully characterized by the method of enzyme inhibition activity assays with ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry-based multivariate statistical analysis.
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Dou Y, Li X, Shi Y, Zhang J, Yuan Y, Zhou M, Wei X, Zhang X. Preparation, optimization and in vitro-in vivo evaluation of Shunxin sustained release granules. Chin Med 2019; 14:36. [PMID: 31572488 PMCID: PMC6757358 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-019-0255-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Shunxinzufang decoction is tutors, empirical formula and has been used in Chinese patients of HFpEF for several years. The aim of this study was to make into sustained release granules and select the best formula for the preparation of Shunxin sustained release granules and to evaluate its in vivo and in vitro drug release behavior. Methods Response surface methodology and Center composite design were applied to screen the optimal formula of Shunxin sustained release granules. HPLC was used to detect indicative ingredients—paeoniflorin, calycosin-7-glucoside and ferulic acid in Shunxin sustained release granules. The in vitro sustained release character of indicative ingredients was investigated in simulated digestive fluids. In-vivo process of active components was studied through pharmacokinetics. Results The optimal formula of Shunxin sustained release granules consisted of 35% shunxinzufang extract and 65% HPMC/starch (HPMC/starch ratio = 2:1). Three indicative components can be separated well under selected HPLC conditions. Compared with Shunxinzufang extract, the active components of Shunxin sustained release granules have obvious sustained-release character and improved bioavailability. Conclusion Shunxin sustained release granules has obvious sustained-release character and improved bioavailability.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghuan Dou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Chengguan District, Donggang West Road No.199, Lanzhou, 730000 China
| | - Xuefeng Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Chengguan District, Donggang West Road No.199, Lanzhou, 730000 China
| | - Yanbin Shi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Chengguan District, Donggang West Road No.199, Lanzhou, 730000 China
| | - Jiaying Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Chengguan District, Donggang West Road No.199, Lanzhou, 730000 China
| | - Yang Yuan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Chengguan District, Donggang West Road No.199, Lanzhou, 730000 China
| | - Mengru Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Chengguan District, Donggang West Road No.199, Lanzhou, 730000 China
| | - Xiangxiang Wei
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Chengguan District, Donggang West Road No.199, Lanzhou, 730000 China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Chengguan District, Donggang West Road No.199, Lanzhou, 730000 China
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Wang W, Fang S, Xiong Z. Protective effect of polysaccharide from Ligusticum chuanxiong hort against H2O2-induced toxicity in zebrafish embryo. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 221:73-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.05.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Analgesic Effects of Cnidium officinale Extracts on Postoperative, Neuropathic, and Menopausal Pain in Rat Models. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:9698727. [PMID: 31316578 PMCID: PMC6601495 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9698727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cnidium officinale, widely cultivated in East Asia, has been reported to exhibit pharmacological efficacy in various disorders. However, little has been reported on its role as a pain killer. In this study, we reveal that the C. officinale extract (COE) has great efficacy as a novel analgesic in various in vivo pain models. Administration of COE attenuated hypersensitivity in all postoperative, neuropathic, and menopausal pain models. Decreased hyperalgesia was confirmed by a mechanical withdrawal threshold assay and ultrasonic vocalization call analysis. In addition, application of COE inhibited the induction of the proinflammatory cytokines and calpain-3 on dorsal root ganglion neurons in a spared nerve injury rat model. Treatment with ferulic acid, which was identified as one of the components of COE by HPLC analysis, alleviated nociceptive behaviors. Our findings suggest that ferulic acid is an active compound from COE, and COE is a potential phytomedical source for pain relief by inhibiting the process of inflammation.
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Adil M, Ren X, Jeong BR. Light elicited growth, antioxidant enzymes activities and production of medicinal compounds in callus culture of Cnidium officinale Makino. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2019; 196:111509. [PMID: 31128431 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Cnidium officinale Makino is an important medicinal plant of oriental clinics and is considered as the main source of phthalides, polyphenols, and flavonoids. However, there is no available report regarding the effect of different light colors on the secondary metabolites composition of C. officinale. In this study different light (dark, white, blue, red and red: blue) conditions were arranged to raise callus on MS medium containing 0.5 mg·L-1 of each 2,4-D and BAP. Callus grown in dark condition showed maximum (2.0 g) fresh weight with lower total phenolic and flavonoids contents. Also, in dark condition callus faced higher catalase (CAT) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) activities to avoid free radicals. Mix (red: blue) light condition favored the synthesis of phenolics and flavonoids in callus at the cost of higher ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes expression. However, DPPH free radical scavenging activity was less variable among the samples from the different light conditions. Interestingly, the HPLC profile showed higher (28.3 μg·g-1 DW) phthalide accumulation in dark grown-cultures. Compared to other light conditions, 3-butyledinephthalide accumulation was higher (0.43 μg·g-1 DW) in white light-grown callus. These findings suggest that light conditions play an important role in the regulation of in vitro callus growth and synthesis of important medicinal compounds of C. officinale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Adil
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry-Biotechnology Wing, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Xiuxia Ren
- Department of Horticulture, Division of Applied Life Science Graduate School (BK 21 Plus Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Ryong Jeong
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; Department of Horticulture, Division of Applied Life Science Graduate School (BK 21 Plus Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Adil M, Ren X, Kang DI, Thi LT, Jeong BR. Effect of explant type and plant growth regulators on callus induction, growth and secondary metabolites production in Cnidium officinale Makino. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 45:1919-1927. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4340-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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13
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Jang HS, Kang KB, Yoo G, Kwon E, Yun JW, Kang BC, Hong IK, Kim SH, Sung SH, Cho HJ, Jang YP, Yang H. Simultaneous Determination and Stability Test of Two Phthalic Anhydride Derivatives, Senkyunolide A andZ-Ligustilide, in the Water Extract of Cnidium Rhizome from Different Geographical Regions and Species Using HPLC-UVD Analysis. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Seok Jang
- College of Pharmacy; Kangwon National University; Chuncheon 24341 South Korea
| | - Kyo Bin Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Seoul National University; Seoul 08826 South Korea
| | - Guijae Yoo
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Yonsei University; Incheon 21983 South Korea
| | - Euna Kwon
- Department of Experimental Animal Research; Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital; Seoul 03080 South Korea
| | - Jun-Won Yun
- Department of Experimental Animal Research; Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital; Seoul 03080 South Korea
| | - Byeong-Cheol Kang
- Department of Experimental Animal Research; Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital; Seoul 03080 South Korea
| | - In Kee Hong
- R&D Center; Radiant Ltd.; Chuncheon 24398 South Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Yonsei University; Incheon 21983 South Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Sung
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Seoul National University; Seoul 08826 South Korea
| | - Hyun-Jong Cho
- College of Pharmacy; Kangwon National University; Chuncheon 24341 South Korea
| | - Young Pyo Jang
- College of Pharmacy; Kyung Hee University; Seoul 02447 South Korea
| | - Heejung Yang
- College of Pharmacy; Kangwon National University; Chuncheon 24341 South Korea
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Falcarindiol inhibits LPS-induced inflammation via attenuating MAPK and JAK-STAT signaling pathways in murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 445:169-178. [PMID: 29368095 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3262-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Falcarindiol (FAD) is a natural polyacetylene compound found rich in many plants of the Umbelliferae family. Previously, we isolated FAD from the rhizome of Cnidium officinale Makino, which belongs to the Umbelliferae family and found it to have a significant inhibitory effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of nitric oxide, a pro-inflammatory molecule in murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. In this study, we investigated its effect on the expression of other major pro-inflammatory molecules as well as the mechanism underlying these effects. Pre-treatment of RAW 264.7 cells with FAD suppressed LPS-stimulated mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and thereby reduced the respective protein levels. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that FAD attenuated the LPS-induced activation of JNK, ERK, STAT1, and STAT3 signaling molecules. Moreover, we found that FAD did not influence LPS-induced activation of p38 and NFκB signaling pathways. Collectively, this study provides evidence that FAD inhibits the production of major pro-inflammatory molecules in LPS-challenged murine macrophages via suppression of JNK, ERK, and STAT signaling pathways.
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Hong H, An JC, de La Cruz JF, Hwang SG. Cnidium officinale Makino extract induces apoptosis through activation of caspase-3 and p53 in human liver cancer HepG2 cells. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:3191-3197. [PMID: 28966688 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of diverse studies have reported the anticancer properties of Cnidium officinale Makino (CO). However, the apoptotic effect of this traditional medicinal herb in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) remains to be elucidated. Therefore, the present study investigated the ability of CO to reduce cell viability through apoptotic pathways. Cell viability was determined using the 2,3-bis [2-methyloxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl]-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide assay. CO extract-induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells was assessed by Hoechst 33258 staining. The cell cycle was monitored using fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis with propidium iodide staining. Furthermore, the present study explored whether various signaling molecules associated with HepG2 cell death were affected by CO treatment, including caspase-3, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), tumor protein p53 (p53), cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and cyclin D. The expression levels of these genes were examined by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. The expression levels of caspase-3 and p53 were upregulated with CO extract treatment, whereas those of Bcl-2, CDK4 and cyclin D were significantly downregulated. Cleaved caspase-3 expression was upregulated following treatment with CO extract in a dose-dependent manner. Collectively, the data suggest that CO extract has the potential to induce apoptosis of HepG2 cells and may act by suppressing the cell cycle, which leads to caspase-3 cleavage and p53 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heeok Hong
- Department of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Cheol An
- Division of Animal Life and Environmental Science, Hankyong National University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17579, Republic of Korea
| | - Joseph F de La Cruz
- Division of Animal Life and Environmental Science, Hankyong National University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17579, Republic of Korea.,College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Los Baños, Laguna 4031 Philippines
| | - Seong-Gu Hwang
- Division of Animal Life and Environmental Science, Hankyong National University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17579, Republic of Korea
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Acute toxicity and genotoxicity of fermented traditional medicine oyaksungi-san. Integr Med Res 2017; 6:214-222. [PMID: 28664144 PMCID: PMC5478292 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The traditional medicine oyaksungi-san (OY) has been prescribed in East Asia for hundreds of years for the treatment of stroke, paralysis, and ataxia. OY also has therapeutic effects on arthralgia, myalgia, and rheumatoid arthritis, and recent studies have shown its protective effects against apoptosis of hippocampal cells and its anti-inflammatory effects on the peripheral blood cells of patient with cerebral infarction. Many studies have explored the use of traditional medicine and herb materials in the development of safe, novel, and effective pharmaceuticals with fewer side effects. These efforts commonly adopt a bioconversion tool for fermentation with beneficial microbes. However, only pharmaceuticals with high levels of safety and low levels of toxicity can be used in healthcare system. Methods OY water extract was fermented with Lactobacillus and assayed for acute toxicity and genotoxicity. Single dose acute toxicity, bacterial reverse mutation, chromosome aberrations, and micronucleus were observed and assayed in rats, histidine/tryptophan auxotrophic bacteria, Chinese hamster ovary fibroblast cells, and mice bone marrow cells, respectively. Results All the experimental animals showed no abnormal behavior, clinical signs, body weight increases, or mortality. In the bacterial cultures, no revertant colonies were observed. Morphological and numerical chromosomal aberrations were not found in all metaphases examined. Frequency of induced micronuclei was not significantly increased in all doses applied. Conclusion As a whole, no acute toxicity or genotoxicity were observed in all the assays examined. Therefore, fermented OY is considered to be a safe material that can be used for development of complementary and alternative medicine using bioconversion.
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Donkor PO, Chen Y, Ding L, Qiu F. Locally and traditionally used Ligusticum species - A review of their phytochemistry, pharmacology and pharmacokinetics. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 194:530-548. [PMID: 27729283 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ligusticum species (Umbelliferae) have been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine, Korean folk medicine and Native American medicine for their medicinal and nutritional value. Decoctions of the rhizomes are used in treatment and prophylaxis of migraine, anemia and cardiovascular conditions including stroke. AIM OF STUDY This review is intended to fully compile the constituents of locally and traditionally used Ligusticum species, present their bioactivities and highlight potential leads for future drug design, and thus, provide a reference for further research and application of these species. Emphasis is also placed on current trends in the pharmacokinetic studies of the major constituents. METHODS The literature discussed is derived from readily accessible papers spanning the early 1990s to the end of 2015. Information was collected from journals, books and online searches (Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, SciFinder, Springerlink and CNKI). RESULTS The major phytoconstituents, 154 of which are presented in this review, include alkaloids, phthalides and phenolic acids. The crude extracts and isolated constituents have exhibited a wide range of in vitro and in vivo pharmacologic effects, including cardioprotective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities. The bioactive alkaloid tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) has attracted the most attention for its potent effect on calcium channels, anti-platelet as well as anti-inflammatory effects. Pharmacokinetic studies of major constituents have also been summarized. CONCLUSION The pthalides, organic acids and alkaloids of Ligusticum species have emerged as a good source of traditional medicines for the management of cardio- and cerebrovascular conditions, inflammation and neurogenerative disorders. The species discussed in this review have demonstrated wide pharmacological actions and have great potential to yield multipotent drugs if challenges such as poor bioavailability, solubility and toxicological profiles are addressed. Apart from the rhizomes, pharmacological activities of other botanical parts also need to be studied further. Expansion of research to cover other species in the Ligusticum genus would provide more opportunities for the discovery of new bioactive principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Owusu Donkor
- School of Chinese Materia Medica and Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China; University of Ghana School of Pharmacy, P.O. Box KB 52, Korle-Bu, Ghana
| | - Ying Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica and Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China; Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Liqin Ding
- School of Chinese Materia Medica and Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Feng Qiu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica and Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China; Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
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Cnidilide, an alkylphthalide isolated from the roots of Cnidium officinale , suppresses LPS-induced NO, PGE 2 , IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α production by AP-1 and NF-κB inactivation in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 40:146-155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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19
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Biogenic Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Cnidium officinale Extract and Their Catalytic Reduction of 4-Nitroaniline. J CLUST SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-015-0929-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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20
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Bomstein Y, Rozenblat S. Treatment of atopic dermatitis with KAM-3008, a barrier-based, non-steroidal topical cream. J DERMATOL TREAT 2015; 26:426-30. [DOI: 10.3109/09546634.2015.1021238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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21
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Sim Y, Shin S. Antibacterial activities of the essential oil from the leaves and rhizomes ofCnidium officinaleMakino. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2014.951456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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22
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Li CM, Guo YQ, Dong XL, Li H, Wang B, Wu JH, Wong MS, Chan SW. Ethanolic extract of rhizome of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. (chuanxiong) enhances endothelium-dependent vascular reactivity in ovariectomized rats fed with high-fat diet. Food Funct 2014; 5:2475-85. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00211c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Rhizome of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. (LC), also known as chuanxiong, is a very common herb widely used to treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Mei Li
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical College
- Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology
- Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu-Qing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology
- Shenzhen, China
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
- Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Li Dong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
- Hong Kong, China
| | - He Li
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical College
- Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology
- Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian-Hong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology
- Shenzhen, China
| | - Man-Sau Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology
- Shenzhen, China
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
- Hong Kong, China
| | - Shun-Wan Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology
- Shenzhen, China
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
- Hong Kong, China
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23
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Ouyang Z, Zhao M, Tang J, Pan L. In vivo pharmacokinetic comparisons of ferulic acid and puerarin after oral administration of monomer, medicinal substance aqueous extract and Nao-De-Sheng to rats. Pharmacogn Mag 2013; 8:256-62. [PMID: 24082627 PMCID: PMC3785161 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.103648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2011] [Revised: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Nao-De-Sheng decoction (NDS), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription containing Radix puerariae lobatae, Floscarthami, Radix et Rhizoma Notoginseng, Rhizoma chuanxiong and Fructus crataegi, is effective in the treatment of cerebral arteriosclerosis, ischemic cerebral stroke and apoplexy linger effect. Ferulic acid and puerarin are the main absorbed effective ingredients of NDS. Objective: To assess the affection of other components in medical material and compound recipe compatibility on the pharmacokinetics of ferulaic acid and puerarin, of ferulic acid from the monomer Rhizoma chuanxiong aqueous extract and NDS were studied. And pharmacokinetics comparisons of puerarin from the monomer Radix puerariae extract and NDS decoction were investigated simultaneously. Materials and Methods: At respective different time points after oral administration of the monomer, medicinal substance aqueous extract and NDS at the same dose in rats, plasma concentrations of ferulic acid and puerarin in rats were determined by RP-HPLC, and the main pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated with 3P97 software. Results: The plasma concentration-time curves of ferulaic acid and puerarin were both best fitted with a two-compartment model. AUC0−t, AUC0→∞, Tmax, and Cmax of ferulic acid in the monomer and NDS decoction were increased significantly (P < 0.05) compared with that in Rhizoma chuanxiong aqueous extract. And statistically significant increase (P < 0.05) in pharmacokinetic parameters of puerarin including AUC0−t, AUC0→∞, CL, Tmax and Cmax were obtained after oral administration of puerarin monomer compared with Radix puerariae extract. Although the changes of AUC0−t, AUC0→∞ and CL had no statistically significant, Cmax of puerarin in NDS was increased remarkably (P < 0.05) compared with that in single puerarin. Conclusions: Some ingredients of Rhizoma chuanxiong and Radix puerariae may be suggested to remarkably influence plasma concentrations of ferulaic acid and puerarin. Some ingredients in NDS may increase dissolution and absorption of ferulaic acid and puerarin, delay elimination, and subsequently enhance bioavailability of ferulaic acid and puerarin in rats after compatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Ouyang
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacognosy Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
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Lee SH, Lee JH, Oh EY, Kim GY, Choi BT, Kim C, Choi YH. Ethanol extract of Cnidium officinale exhibits anti-inflammatory effects in BV2 microglial cells by suppressing NF-κB nuclear translocation and the activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2013; 32:876-82. [PMID: 23864034 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic microglial activation endangers neuronal survival through the release of various toxic pro-inflammatory molecules; thus, negative regulators of microglial activation have been identified as potential therapeutic candidates for several neurological diseases. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of an ethanol extract of Cnidium officinale rhizomes (EECO), which has been used as a herbal drug in Oriental medicine, on the production of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pro-inflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂), as well as that of pro-inflammatory cytokines in BV2 microglia cells. EECO significantly inhibited the excess production of NO and PGE₂ in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglia cells. It also attenuated the expression of inducible NO synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, as well as that of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α. Moreover, EECO exhibited anti-inflammatory properties by suppressing nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) translocation and the activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt pathway in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells. These results indicate that EECO exerts anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells by inhibiting pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokine production by blocking the NF-κB pathway. These findings suggest that EECO has substantial therapeutic potential for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases accompanied by microglial activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Hwa Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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Silva IK, Soysa P. Evaluation of phytochemical composition and antioxidant capacity of a decoction containing Adenanthera pavonina L. and Thespesia populnea L. Pharmacogn Mag 2012; 7:193-9. [PMID: 21969789 PMCID: PMC3173893 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.84229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Revised: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A decoction prepared with barks of Adenanthera pavonina and Thespesia populnea is a herbal formulation which has been prescribed in Sri Lanka in the treatment of cancer patients for many years. This study was designed to investigate its phytochemical and antioxidant properties. Materials and Methods: The total phenolics and flavonoids were determined using Folin–Ciocalteau and aluminum chloride colorimetric methods, respectively. Gallic acid content in the decoction was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. The antioxidant properties were evaluated by 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical assay, nitric oxide scavenging assay, deoxyribose method, and the reducing power of the decoction. Results: The concentration of total phenols, flavonoids, and gallic acid of the decoction were 34.13 ± 3.54 w/w % gallic acid equivalents, 41.37 ± 0.57 w/w % of (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate equivalents, and 0.58 ± 0.24 mg/g, respectively. The EC50 for DPPH, nitric oxide scavenging, and deoxyribose assays were 7.24 ± 0.50, 14.02 ± 0.66, and 53.21 ± 2.82 μg/ml, respectively. Reducing power of the decoction increased with the concentration. Conclusion: These investigations suggested that the decoction prepared with A. pavonina and T. populnea can be a potential source of nutraceuticals with antioxidant activity.
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Li W, Tang Y, Chen Y, Duan JA. Advances in the chemical analysis and biological activities of chuanxiong. Molecules 2012; 17:10614-51. [PMID: 22955453 PMCID: PMC6268834 DOI: 10.3390/molecules170910614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Revised: 08/19/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chuanxiong Rhizoma (Chuan-Xiong, CX), the dried rhizome of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. (Umbelliferae), is one of the most popular plant medicines in the World. Modern research indicates that organic acids, phthalides, alkaloids, polysaccharides, ceramides and cerebrosides are main components responsible for the bioactivities and properties of CX. Because of its complex constituents, multidisciplinary techniques are needed to validate the analytical methods that support CX's use worldwide. In the past two decades, rapid development of technology has advanced many aspects of CX research. The aim of this review is to illustrate the recent advances in the chemical analysis and biological activities of CX, and to highlight new applications and challenges. Emphasis is placed on recent trends and emerging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuping Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, Jiangsu, China
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Effects of Hyul-Bu-Chuke-Tang on Erythrocyte Deformability and Cerebrovascular CO(2) Reactivity in Normal Subjects. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:725241. [PMID: 22690250 PMCID: PMC3368491 DOI: 10.1155/2012/725241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Revised: 03/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Aim. Hyul-bu-chuke-tang (HCEt) is a well-known traditional herbal medicine that is used for the treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular disorders. We investigated the acute effects of HCEt on erythrocyte deformability and cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity (CVR) in healthy male subjects. Materials and Methods. We examined erythrocyte deformability in an HCEt group (n = 14) and a control group (n = 10). CVR was measured using hyperventilation-induced CO2 reactivity of the middle cerebral artery and transcranial Doppler (TCD) in the HCEt group (n = 11). A historical control group (n = 10) of CVR measurements was also created from our previous study. All measurements were performed prior to and 1, 2, and 3 hours after HCEt administration. Results. HCEt significantly improved erythrocyte deformability 1 hour after administration compared to the control group (2.9 ± 1.1% versus −0.6 ± 1.0%, P = 0.034). HCEt significantly improved the CVR 2 hours after administration compared to the historical control group (9.1 ± 4.0% versus −8.1 ± 4.1%, P = 0.007). The mean blood pressure and pulse rate did not vary from baseline values in either group. Conclusions. We demonstrated that HCEt improved erythrocyte deformability and CVR. Our findings suggest that an improvement in erythrocyte deformability contributes to HCEt's effect on cerebral microcirculation.
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Jeon S, Bose S, Hur J, Jun K, Kim YK, Cho KS, Koo BS. A modified formulation of Chinese traditional medicine improves memory impairment and reduces Aβ level in the Tg-APPswe/PS1dE9 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 137:783-789. [PMID: 21762767 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2011] [Revised: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE SuHeXiang Wan (SHXW), a Chinese traditional medicine has been used orally for the treatment of seizures, infantile convulsion, stroke and so forth. Previously, we reported the effects of modified SHXW essential oil mixture of the fragrance containing herbs on the sedative effect, anticonvulsant property and antioxidative activity after fragrance inhalation. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was undertaken to evaluate beneficial effects of a modified recipe of SHXW (termed as KSOP1009) consisting of a ethanol extract of 8 herbs including resin of Liquidambar orientalis Miller, seed of Myristica fragrans Houtt., rhizome of Cnidium officinale Makino, lumber of Santalum album L., fructus of Piper longum L., flower buds of Eugenia caryophyllata Merrill et Perry, pollen of Typha orientalis Presl., and root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge in the neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The transgenic mice of AD, Tg-APPswe/PS1dE9, were fed KSOP1009 or as a positive control, donepezil for 3 months from 4.5 months of age. Behavioral, immunological and ELISA analyses were used to assess memory impairment, Aβ accumulation and plaque deposition in the brain. Other in vitro works were performed to examine whether KSOP1009 inhibits the Aβ(1-42)-induced neurotoxicity in human neuroblastoma cell line, SH-SY5Y cells. RESULTS Intake of KSOP1009 improved the Aβ-induced memory impairment and suppressed Aβ levels and plaque deposition in the brain of Tg-APPswe/PS1dE9 mice as much as that of donepezil treatment. KSOP1009 prevented the down-regulation of phospho-CREB and increased AKT phosphorylation in the AD-like brains. Moreover, KSOP1009 suppresses Aβ-induced apoptosis and ROS production in SH-SY5Y cells. CONCLUSION The present study suggests that KSOP1009 may develop as a therapeutic drug for treatment of AD patients.
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MESH Headings
- Alzheimer Disease/drug therapy
- Alzheimer Disease/genetics
- Alzheimer Disease/metabolism
- Alzheimer Disease/pathology
- Alzheimer Disease/psychology
- Amyloid beta-Peptides/metabolism
- Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor/genetics
- Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor/metabolism
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Behavior, Animal/drug effects
- Brain/drug effects
- Brain/metabolism
- Brain/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chemistry, Pharmaceutical
- Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Donepezil
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Humans
- Indans/pharmacology
- Memory/drug effects
- Memory Disorders/drug therapy
- Memory Disorders/genetics
- Memory Disorders/metabolism
- Memory Disorders/pathology
- Memory Disorders/psychology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C3H
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Mutation
- Nootropic Agents/chemistry
- Nootropic Agents/pharmacology
- Peptide Fragments/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Piperidines/pharmacology
- Presenilin-1/genetics
- Presenilin-1/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Songhee Jeon
- Dongguk University Research Institute of Biotechnology, 26, 3-GA, Pil-dong, Chung-gu, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea.
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