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Abdellattif MH, Hamed EO, Elhoseni NKR, Assy MG, Emwas AHM, Jaremko M, Celik I, Titi A, Kumar Yadav K, Elgendy MS, Shehab WS. Synthesis of novel pyrazolone candidates with studying some biological activities and in-silico studies. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19170. [PMID: 37932273 PMCID: PMC10628256 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43575-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyranopyrazole derivatives have a vital role in the class of organic compounds because of their broad spectrum of biological and pharmacological importance. Our current goal is the [3 + 3] cycloaddition of benzoyl isothiocyanate and pyrazolone 1 to undergo oxidation cyclization, producing pyrazoloxadiazine 3. The diol 5 was obtained as a condensation of two equivalents of 1 with thiophene-2-carboxaldehyde in acetic acid above the sodium acetate mixture. When the condensation was carried out in piperidine under fusion, unsaturated ketone 4 was obtained. The pyrazolo pyran derivative 11 resulted from the [3 + 3] cycloaddition of 1 and cinnamic acid, while the Pyrone derivative was prepared by acylation of 12 with two equivalents of acetic anhydride. Phthalic anhydride undergoes arylation using zinc chloride as a catalyst. The cyclic keto acid 23 was synthesized by the action of succinic anhydride on 12 in the acetic medium, while the latter reacted with cinnamic acid, leading to pyrazole derivative 24. All of these reactions were through the Michael reaction mechanism. All the tested compounds showed good antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microorganisms; newly synthesized compounds were also screened for their antioxidant activity. Rational studies were carried out by the ABTs method to allow a broader choice of activities. In addition, similar off-compounds were conducted. Molecular docking studies with the CB-Dock server and MD simulations were created with the default settings of the Solution Builder on the CHARMM-GUI server at 150 nm. A good correlation was obtained between the experimental results and the theoretical bioavailability predictions using POM theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda H Abdellattif
- Department of Chemistry, Sciences College, Taif University, P. O. Box 11099, 21944, Taif, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Eman O Hamed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Nourhan Kh R Elhoseni
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Mohamed G Assy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Abdul-Hamid M Emwas
- Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 23955-6900, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 23955-6900, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ismail Celik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey
| | - Abderrahim Titi
- Laboratory of Applied and Environmental Chemistry (LCAE), Mohamed First University, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Krishna Kumar Yadav
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Madhyanchal Professional University, Ratibad, Bhopal, 462044, India
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, PSU Energy Systems Research Institute, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Marwa S Elgendy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Alazhar University (Girls), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wesam S Shehab
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
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Ronsisvalle S, Panico A, Santonocito D, Siciliano EA, Sipala F, Montenegro L, Puglia C. Evaluation of Crocin Content and In Vitro Antioxidant and Anti-Glycation Activity of Different Saffron Extracts. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3606. [PMID: 37896069 PMCID: PMC10610346 DOI: 10.3390/plants12203606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Crocin, a glycoside carotenoid that exhibits several health benefits, is mainly obtained from saffron (Crocus sativus L.), whose quality and content of phytochemicals can be strongly affected by environmental conditions. Therefore, in this work, the crocin content and in vitro antioxidant activity of saffron extracts obtained from three different varieties (Greek, Sicilian, and Iranian saffron) were assessed. Crocin content in saffron extracts was quantified via ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The antioxidant activity of saffron extracts was evaluated using the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay and nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging test. The Maillard reaction was used to assess anti-glycation activity. Although the Sicilian and Iranian saffron extracts contained higher amounts of crocin (128 ± 6 ng/mL and 126 ± 4 ng/mL, respectively) compared to the Greek extracts (111 ± 2 ng/mL), ORAC values (50.9 ± 0.5) and % NO inhibition (35.2 ± 0.2) were higher for the Greek variety, which displayed a total phenolic content about two-fold greater than that of the other two extracts. Sicilian and Greek saffron had similar anti-glycation activities, while Iranian saffron was less effective. These results suggest that the antioxidant activity of saffron extracts could be ascribed to their naturally occurring complex mixture of phytochemicals, deserving further investigation as supplements to prevent pathological conditions induced by radical species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Ronsisvalle
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria n°6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (S.R.); (A.P.); (D.S.); (E.A.S.); (F.S.); (C.P.)
| | - Annamaria Panico
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria n°6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (S.R.); (A.P.); (D.S.); (E.A.S.); (F.S.); (C.P.)
| | - Debora Santonocito
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria n°6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (S.R.); (A.P.); (D.S.); (E.A.S.); (F.S.); (C.P.)
- NANOMED-Research Center on Nanomedicine and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Edy Angela Siciliano
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria n°6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (S.R.); (A.P.); (D.S.); (E.A.S.); (F.S.); (C.P.)
| | - Federica Sipala
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria n°6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (S.R.); (A.P.); (D.S.); (E.A.S.); (F.S.); (C.P.)
| | - Lucia Montenegro
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria n°6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (S.R.); (A.P.); (D.S.); (E.A.S.); (F.S.); (C.P.)
- NANOMED-Research Center on Nanomedicine and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Carmelo Puglia
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria n°6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (S.R.); (A.P.); (D.S.); (E.A.S.); (F.S.); (C.P.)
- NANOMED-Research Center on Nanomedicine and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
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Charneca S, Hernando A, Costa-Reis P, Guerreiro CS. Beyond Seasoning-The Role of Herbs and Spices in Rheumatic Diseases. Nutrients 2023; 15:2812. [PMID: 37375716 PMCID: PMC10300823 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Although we have witnessed remarkable progress in understanding the biological mechanisms that lead to the development of rheumatic diseases (RDs), remission is still not achieved in a substantial proportion of patients with the available pharmacological treatment. As a consequence, patients are increasingly looking for complementary adjuvant therapies, including dietary interventions. Herbs and spices have a long historical use, across various cultures worldwide, for both culinary and medicinal purposes. The interest in herbs and spices, beyond their seasoning properties, has dramatically grown in many immune-mediated diseases, including in RDs. Increasing evidence highlights their richness in bioactive molecules, such as sulfur-containing compounds, tannins, alkaloids, phenolic diterpenes, and vitamins, as well as their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumorigenic, and anticarcinogenic properties. Cinnamon, garlic, ginger, turmeric, and saffron are the most popular spices used in RDs and will be explored throughout this manuscript. With this paper, we intend to provide an updated review of the mechanisms whereby herbs and spices may be of interest in RDs, including through gut microbiota modulation, as well as summarize human studies investigating their effects in Rheumatoid Arthritis, Osteoarthritis, and Fibromyalgia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Charneca
- Laboratório de Nutrição, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; (S.C.); (A.H.); (C.S.G.)
| | - Ana Hernando
- Laboratório de Nutrição, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; (S.C.); (A.H.); (C.S.G.)
| | - Patrícia Costa-Reis
- Unidade de Reumatologia Pediátrica do Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
- Clínica Universitária de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Catarina Sousa Guerreiro
- Laboratório de Nutrição, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; (S.C.); (A.H.); (C.S.G.)
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
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Singh D, Sharma S, Jose-Santhi J, Kalia D, Singh RK. Hormones regulate the flowering process in saffron differently depending on the developmental stage. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1107172. [PMID: 36968363 PMCID: PMC10034077 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1107172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Flowering in saffron is a highly complex process regulated by the synchronized action of environmental cues and endogenous signals. Hormonal regulation of flowering is a very important process controlling flowering in several plants, but it has not been studied in saffron. Flowering in saffron is a continual process completed in months with distinct developmental phases, mainly divided into flowering induction and flower organogenesis/formation. In the present study, we investigated how phytohormones affect the flowering process at different developmental stages. The results suggest that different hormones differentially affect flower induction and formation in saffron. The exogenous treatment of flowering competent corms with abscisic acid (ABA) suppressed both floral induction and flower formation, whereas some other hormones, like auxins (indole acetic acid, IAA) and gibberellic acid (GA), behaved contrarily at different developmental stages. IAA promoted flower induction, while GA suppressed it; however, GA promoted flower formation, whereas IAA suppressed it. Cytokinin (kinetin) treatment suggested its positive involvement in flower induction and flower formation. The expression analysis of floral integrator and homeotic genes suggests that ABA might suppress floral induction by suppressing the expression of the floral promoter (LFY, FT3) and promoting the expression of the floral repressor (SVP) gene. Additionally, ABA treatment also suppressed the expression of the floral homeotic genes responsible for flower formation. GA reduces the expression of flowering induction gene LFY, while IAA treatment upregulated its expression. In addition to these genes, a flowering repressor gene, TFL1-2, was also found to be downregulated in IAA treatment. Cytokinin promotes flowering induction by increasing the expression levels of the LFY gene and decreasing the TFL1-2 gene expression. Moreover, it improved flower organogenesis by increasing the expression of floral homeotic genes. Overall, the results suggest that hormones differently regulate flowering in saffron via regulating floral integrator and homeotic gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Singh
- Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, HP, India
| | - Sahiba Sharma
- Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, HP, India
| | - Joel Jose-Santhi
- Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, HP, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Diksha Kalia
- Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, HP, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Singh
- Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, HP, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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Matraszek-Gawron R, Chwil M, Terlecki K, Skoczylas MM. Current Knowledge of the Antidepressant Activity of Chemical Compounds from Crocus sativus L. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 16:58. [PMID: 36678554 PMCID: PMC9860663 DOI: 10.3390/ph16010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychotropic effect of Crocus sativus L. (family Iridaceae) biologically active chemical compounds are quite well documented and they can therefore be used in addition to the conventional pharmacological treatment of depression. This systematic review on antidepressant compounds in saffron crocus and their mechanisms of action and side effects is based on publications released between 1995−2022 and data indexed in 15 databases under the following search terms: antidepressant effect, central nervous system, Crocus sativus, cognitive impairement, crocin, crocetin, depression, dopamine, dopaminergic and serotonergic systems, picrocrocin, phytotherapy, neurotransmitters, safranal, saffron, serotonin, and biologically active compounds. The comparative analysis of the publications was based on 414 original research papers. The investigated literature indicates the effectiveness and safety of aqueous and alcoholic extracts and biologically active chemical compounds (alkaloids, anthocyanins, carotenoids, flavonoid, phenolic, saponins, and terpenoids) isolated from various organs (corms, leaves, flower petal, and stigmas) in adjuvant treatment of depression and anxiety. Monoamine reuptake inhibition, N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonism, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-α agonism are the main proposed mechanism of the antidepressant action. The antidepressant and neuroprotective effect of extract components is associated with their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. The mechanism of their action, interactions with conventional drugs and other herbal preparations and the safety of use are not fully understood; therefore, further detailed research in this field is necessary. The presented results regarding the application of C. sativus in phytotherapy are promising in terms of the use of herbal preparations to support the treatment of depression. This is particularly important given the steady increase in the incidence of this disease worldwide and social effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Matraszek-Gawron
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15 Street, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Mirosława Chwil
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15 Street, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Karol Terlecki
- Department of Vascular Surgery and Angiology, Medical University of Lublin, Racławickie 1 Street, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | - Michał Marian Skoczylas
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1 Street, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
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Chen N, Xiang J, Liu Y, Li H, Yang B. Preparation and characterization of antioxidant flavonoid-enriched extract from saffron by-product: a combination of ultrasound-assisted extraction and macroporous resin purification. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01522-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Badihi L, Gerami M, Akbarinodeh D, Shokrzadeh M, Ramezani M. Physio-chemical responses of exogenous calcium nanoparticle and putrescine polyamine in Saffron ( Crocus sativus L.). PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 27:119-133. [PMID: 33627967 PMCID: PMC7873192 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-020-00923-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of calcium nanoparticles (CaNP) and putrescine polyamine on some physiological and biochemical properties of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) under the control condition. Saffron corm was treated by different concentrations of putrescine (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2 mM) and CaNP (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5 g/l). The treatment of corm with putrescine and CaNP separately caused a significant increase in morphological parameters. Changes in biochemical parameters were also significant. Compared to other concentrations, the highest concentration of putrescine (1 mM) and CaNP (1 g/l) treatment in the plant showed the greatest effect. The combined effect of putrescine and CaNP treatment on morphological parameters was significant. The results of HPLC analysis showed that CaNP treatment alone is more effective on crocin, picrocrocin, and safranal content than the combined effect of CaNP and putrescine. The present study reported the functional potential of CaNP and putrescine combination to increase growth and phytochemical properties in Crocus sativus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Badihi
- Horticultural Sciences (Medicinal Plants), Sana Higher Education Institute, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahyar Gerami
- Faculty Member of Sana Higher Education Institute, Sari, Iran
| | - Davood Akbarinodeh
- Department of Water Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr Branch, Qaemshahr, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shokrzadeh
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Esmaeelian M, Jahani M, Feizy J, Einafshar S. Effects of Ultrasound-Assisted and Direct Solvent Extraction Methods on the Antioxidant and Antibacterial Properties of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) Corm Extract. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-020-01855-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hu J, Liu Y, Tang X, Rao H, Ren C, Chen J, Wu Q, Jiang Y, Geng F, Pei J. Transcriptome profiling of the flowering transition in saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Sci Rep 2020; 10:9680. [PMID: 32541892 PMCID: PMC7295807 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66675-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Saffron, derived from the stigma of Crocus sativus, is not only a valuable traditional Chinese medicine but also the expensive spice and dye. Its yield and quality are seriously influenced by its flowering transition. However, the molecular regulatory mechanism of the flowering transition in C. sativus is still unknown. In this study, we performed morphological, physiological and transcriptomic analyses using apical bud samples from C. sativus during the floral transition process. Morphological results indicated that the flowering transition process could be divided into three stages: an undifferentiated period, the early flower bud differentiation period, and the late flower bud differentiation period. Sugar, gibberellin (GA3), auxin (IAA) and zeatin (ZT) levels were steadily upregulated, while starch and abscisic acid (ABA) levels were gradually downregulated. Transcriptomic analysis showed that a total of 60 203 unigenes were identified, among which 19 490 were significantly differentially expressed. Of these, 165 unigenes were involved in flowering and were significantly enriched in the sugar metabolism, hormone signal transduction, cell cycle regulatory, photoperiod and autonomous pathways. Based on the above analysis, a hypothetical model for the regulatory networks of the saffron flowering transition was proposed. This study lays a theoretical basis for the genetic regulation of flowering in C. sativus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources Research and Development, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yuping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources Research and Development, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xiaohui Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources Research and Development, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Huajing Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources Research and Development, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Chaoxiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources Research and Development, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources Research and Development, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Qinghua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources Research and Development, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- New Zealand Academy of Chinese Medicine Science, Christchurch, 8014, New Zealand
| | - Fuchang Geng
- The Good Doctor Pharmaceutical group co. LTD, Mianyang, 622650, China
| | - Jin Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources Research and Development, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Heidarieh M, Borzouei A, Ardestani SB. Effects of γ-Irradiation on Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) Petal. RADIOCHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s106636222004013x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Optimization of experimental parameters in subcritical water extraction of bioactive constituents from the saffron (Crocus sativus L.) corm based on response surface methodology. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-020-00429-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ahmadian Z, Niazmand R, Pourfarzad A. Microencapsulation of Saffron Petal Phenolic Extract: Their Characterization, In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion, and Storage Stability. J Food Sci 2019; 84:2745-2757. [PMID: 31546290 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Saffron petal, as a byproduct of saffron processing, contains a considerable amount of antioxidant compounds. In the present study, the effect of drying methods (spray and freeze) and different wall structures (maltodextrin and pectin) was investigated on the physicochemical characteristics of microcapsules of saffron petal extracts. Results showed that the increase of the pectin ratio in wall composition leads to the increase of polyphenols content and antioxidant activity of microcapsules. Microencapsulation efficiency and loading capacity in pectin-contained samples were higher than pure maltodextrin samples. Moreover, microcapsules obtained from spray drying method had higher microencapsulation efficiency and loading capacity in comparison with microcapsules obtained from freeze drying method. Also, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and differential scanning calorimetry have been shown to be useful tools for establishing the difference between produced microcapsules. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to evaluate the polyphenolic compounds of the microsphere. The chromatograms obtained from both encapsulation methods indicated high levels of routine in microcapsules of saffron petal extract. In addition, the release of polyphenols from microcapsules of saffron petal extract was evaluated under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. The results indicated that the release behavior of the microcapsules varied according to the type of drying method and wall composition. To assess the shelf life, the microcapsules were kept at different temperatures and relative humidities for 16 weeks. The microcapsules produced by freeze drying and containing high levels of pectin in wall composition had the highest antioxidant activity when kept in relative humidity of 11% and temperature of 4 °C. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Saffron petal is the huge amount of saffron by-product and contains a number of various antioxidant compounds. Microencapsulation of its valuable compounds results in preventing the destruction of these compounds by environmental factors and their increased bioavailability. Indeed, this paper focuses on the release of microencapsulated powder in the simulated system of the digestive system that helps us to improve the shelf life of the final product during the process and controlled release of compounds in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Ahmadian
- Dept. of Food Processing, Research Inst. of Food Science and Technology (RIFST), Mashhad, 91895-157.356, Iran
| | - Razieh Niazmand
- Dept. of Food Chemistry, Research Inst. of Food Science and Technology (RIFST), Mashhad, 91895-157.356, Iran
| | - Amir Pourfarzad
- Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Univ. of Guilan, Rasht, 41996-13776, Iran
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Mykhailenko O, Kovalyov V, Goryacha O, Ivanauskas L, Georgiyants V. Biologically active compounds and pharmacological activities of species of the genus Crocus: A review. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2019; 162:56-89. [PMID: 30856530 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present article is the first comprehensive review on the chemical composition and pharmacological activities of the raw materials of Crocus species. In the present review, data on chemical constituents and pharmacological profile of Crocus sativus stigmas, as well as of other plant parts (perianth, stamens, leaves, corms) of different Crocus spp. are given. This review discusses all the classes of compounds (carotenoids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, terpenoids, phenol carboxylic acids, etc.) detected in raw materials of Crocus plants providing information on the current state of knowledge on phytochemicals of Crocus species. Almost all structural formulas of the compounds identified and isolated from Crocus species are given; all compounds are presented in accordance with the types of the studied raw materials. The latest hypotheses relating to the biosynthesis pathways of the main biologically active compounds of saffron (crocin, picrocrocin, safranal), as well as chemotaxonomy of Crocus genus are briefly summarized. The present review discusses the most thoroughly studied pharmacological activities (namely, antioxidant, antiparasitic, hypolipidemic, antihypertensive, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, antitumor, cytotoxic, antidepressant) of saffron stigmas extracts, of its individual phytochemicals (safranal, crocin, crocetin), as well as pharmacological activities of raw materials of other Crocus species. This comprehensive review will be informative for scientists searching for new properties of saffron stigmas, as well as for saffron producers, since the present review highlights the prospects for the use of waste products in the production of the expensive spice. In addition, the present review provides information on pharmacological properties and composition of other Crocus species as promising medicinal and food plants. In the present review the emphasis will be put on the chemical constituents of Crocus species and the intraspecies variation in phytochemicals and pharmacological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Mykhailenko
- Department of Botany, National University of Pharmacy, 61168, Kharkiv, str. Valentynivska, 4, Ukraine.
| | - Volodymyr Kovalyov
- Department of Pharmacognosy, National University of Pharmacy, 61168, Kharkiv, str. Valentynivska, 4, Ukraine.
| | - Olga Goryacha
- Department of Pharmacognosy, National University of Pharmacy, 61168, Kharkiv, str. Valentynivska, 4, Ukraine.
| | - Liudas Ivanauskas
- Department of Analytical and Toxicological Chemistry, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, A. Mickevičiaus g. 9, LT 44307, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Victoriya Georgiyants
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National University of Pharmacy, 61168, Kharkiv, str. Valentynivska, 4, Ukraine.
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Ukaegbu C, Shah S, Hazrulrizawati A, Alara O. Acetone extract of Flammulina velutipes caps: A promising source of antioxidant and anticancer agents. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjbas.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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15
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Osman MF, Mohd Hassan N, Khatib A, Tolos SM. Antioxidant Activities of Dialium indum L. Fruit and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) of the Active Fractions. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:E154. [PMID: 30388760 PMCID: PMC6262551 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7110154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The fruit of Dialium indum L. (Fabaceae) is one of the edible wild fruits native to Southeast Asia. The mesocarp is consumed as sweets while the exocarp and seed are regarded as waste. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activities of the fruit by using four assays, which measure its capabilities in reducing phosphomolybdic-phosphotungstic acid reagents, neocuproine, 2,2-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and inhibiting linoleic acid peroxidation. The active fractions were then analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that the seed methanol fraction (SMF) exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity with significantly higher (p < 0.05) gallic acid equivalence (GAE), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50 31.71; 0.88 µg/mL) than the other fractions. The exocarp dichloromethane fraction (EDF) was the discriminating fraction by having remarkable linoleic acid peroxidation inhibition (IC50 121.43; 2.97 µg/mL). A total of thirty-eight metabolites were detected in derivatized EDF and SMF with distinctive classes of phenolics and amino acids, respectively. Bioautography-guided fractionation of EDF afforded five antioxidant-enriched subfractions with four other detected phenolics. The results revealed the antioxidant properties of D. indum fruit, which has potential benefits in pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmeceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhamad Faris Osman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia.
| | - Norazian Mohd Hassan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia.
| | - Alfi Khatib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia.
| | - Siti Marponga Tolos
- Department of Computational and Theoretical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia.
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Effect of species on total phenol, antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds of different wild onion bulbs. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-017-9705-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Esmaeili N, Ebrahimzadeh H, Abdi K. Correlation Between Polyphenol Oxidase (PPO) Activity and Total Phenolic Contents in Crocus sativus L. Corms During Dormancy and Sprouting Stages. Pharmacogn Mag 2017; 13:S519-S524. [PMID: 29142408 PMCID: PMC5669091 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.216333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purification and characterization of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzyme and determination of total phenolic contents during dormancy and sprouting stages in Crocus sativus corms were performed. PPO enzyme was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and ion-exchange chromatography using DEAE-Sephadex A25 and two isoenzymes were obtained on the SDS-PAGE, which corresponded to molecular weights of 70 and 54 kDa. The Km values of the enzyme were 4.87 and 2.12 mM for l-DOPA in dormancy and waking stages, respectively. Also, enzyme showed higher Vmax values of 0.026 (ΔOD.min-1) in dormancy compared with the value of 0.019 (ΔOD.min-1) in waking corms. Results showed an inverse correlation between phenolic contents and PPO activity. Accordingly, it can be concluded that as plant progressed through sprouting stage, in contrast to polyphenol oxidase activity, there was a significant increase in total amount of phenolic compounds, as determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method and water and aqueous ethanol extractions. SUMMARY Purification of polyphenol oxidase enzyme using DEAE-Sephadex A25 in Crocus sativus corms.Characterization of polyphenol oxidase enzyme.Comparison of PPO enzyme characteristics in two different physiologic stages of dormancy and sprouting.Determination of phenolic contents.Correlation between phenolic contents and PPO activity during sprouting and dormancy. Abbreviations used: PPO: Polyphenol Oxidase, DEAE-Sephadex: Diethylaminoethyl Sephadex, SDS-PAGE: Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate- Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis, DOPA: Dihydroxyphenylalanine, PEG: Polyethylene Glycol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nardana Esmaeili
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Hassan Ebrahimzadeh
- Department of Plant Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khosrou Abdi
- Department of Radiopharmacy and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Noureen F, Khan MR, Shah NA, Khan RA, Naz K, Sattar S. Pistacia chinensis: Strong antioxidant and potent testicular toxicity amelioration agent. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2017; 10:380-389. [PMID: 28552108 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2017.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate in vitro and in vivo antioxidant potency of Pistacia chinensis (P. chinensis) bark and leaves extracts along with its protective role against CCl4 induced toxicity in testis of the rat. METHODS Various in vitro models such as DPPH, ABTS, hydrogen peroxide, superoxide, hydroxyl and nitric oxide scavenging activities, anti-lipid peroxidation activity, phospho-molybdenum activity, β carotene bleaching assay was used for analysis of antioxidant potential. Experimental groups for in vivo study were: Group Ⅰ (control) untreated, Group Ⅱ (Vehicle control), Group Ⅲ (1 mL/kg b.w 30% CCl4), Group Ⅳ (1 mL/kg b.w CCl4 + Silymarin), Group Ⅴ (200 mg/kg b.w PCBE + CCl4), Group Ⅵ (400 mg/kg b.w PCBE + CCl4) and Group Ⅶ (400 mg/kg b.w PCBE alone). RESULTS In vitro antioxidant assays displayed significant results and the highest activity was not specified to a specific extract. However, ethyl acetate extract of bark (PCBE) showed highest results in most of the antioxidant assays i.e. beta-carotene bleaching, hydroxyl radical scavenging, ABTS, lipid peroxidation and superoxide radical scavenging activity. On this base, this fraction was selected for in vivo antioxidant experiment. Testis tissues were analyzed to observe the protective effects of PCBE on antioxidant enzymes; catalase, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase and quinone reductase activities and glutathione (GSH) as well as nitrite content. Profile of plasma testosterone was also compared to various treatments. Observation suggests a protective role of P. chinensis against CCl4 induced toxicity. CONCLUSIONS It is concluded that some bioactive antioxidants of P. chinensis bark might be a good source to isolate the potent antioxidant components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Noureen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rashid Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Naseer Ali Shah
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Kiran Naz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saadia Sattar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Polyphenol composition and in vitro antiproliferative effect of corm, tepal and leaf from Crocus sativus L. on human colon adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2). J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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20
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Dar RA, Naikoo GA, Hassan IU, Shaikh AM. Electrochemical behavior of kaempferol and its determination in presence of quercetin employing multi-walled carbon nanotube modified carbon paste electrode. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ancr.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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21
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Study of ion suppression for phenolic compounds in medicinal plant extracts using liquid chromatography–electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1427:111-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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22
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Ambardar S, Sangwan N, Manjula A, Rajendhran J, Gunasekaran P, Lal R, Vakhlu J. Identification of bacteria associated with underground parts of Crocus sativus by 16S rRNA gene targeted metagenomic approach. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 30:2701-9. [PMID: 24989343 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-014-1694-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Saffron (Crocus sativus L), an autumn-flowering perennial sterile plant, reproduces vegetatively by underground corms. Saffron has biannual corm-root cycle that makes it an interesting candidate to study microbial dynamics in its rhizosphere and cormosphere (area under influence of corm). Culture independent 16S rRNA gene metagenomic study of rhizosphere and cormosphere of Saffron during flowering stage revealed presence of 22 genera but none of the genus was common in all the three samples. Bulk soil bacterial community was represented by 13 genera with Acidobacteria being dominant. In rhizosphere, out of eight different genera identified, Pseudomonas was the most dominant genus. Cormosphere bacteria comprised of six different genera, dominated by the genus Pantoea. This study revealed that the bacterial composition of all the three samples is significantly different (P < 0.05) from each other. This is the first report on the identification of bacteria associated with rhizosphere, cormosphere and bulk soil of Saffron, using cultivation independent 16S rRNA gene targeted metagenomic approach.
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Rubio-Moraga A, Ahrazem O, Pérez-Clemente RM, Gómez-Cadenas A, Yoneyama K, López-Ráez JA, Molina RV, Gómez-Gómez L. Apical dominance in saffron and the involvement of the branching enzymes CCD7 and CCD8 in the control of bud sprouting. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2014. [PMID: 24947472 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-10-171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In saffron (Crocus sativus), new corms develop at the base of every shoot developed from the maternal corm, a globular underground storage stem. Since the degree of bud sprouts influences the number and size of new corms, and strigolactones (SLs) suppress growth of pre-formed axillary bud, it was considered appropriate to investigate SL involvement in physiology and molecular biology in saffron. We focused on two of the genes within the SL pathway, CCD7 and CCD8, encoding carotenoid cleavage enzymes required for the production of SLs. RESULTS The CsCCD7 and CsCCD8 genes are the first ones isolated and characterized from a non-grass monocotyledonous plant. CsCCD7 and CsCCD8 expression showed some overlapping, although they were not identical. CsCCD8 was highly expressed in quiescent axillary buds and decapitation dramatically reduced its expression levels, suggesting its involvement in the suppression of axillary bud outgrowth. Furthermore, in vitro experiments showed also the involvement of auxin, cytokinin and jasmonic acid on the sprouting of axillary buds from corms in which the apical bud was removed. In addition, CsCCD8 expression, but not CsCCD7, was higher in the newly developed vascular tissue of axillary buds compared to the vascular tissue of the apical bud. CONCLUSIONS We showed that production and transport of auxin in saffron corms could act synergistically with SLs to arrest the outgrowth of the axillary buds, similar to the control of above-ground shoot branching. In addition, jasmonic acid seems to play a prominent role in bud dormancy in saffron. While cytokinins from roots promote bud outgrowth. In addition the expression results of CsCCD8 suggest that SLs could positively regulate procambial activity and the development of new vascular tissues connecting leaves with the mother corm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lourdes Gómez-Gómez
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto Botánico, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain.
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24
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Rubio-Moraga A, Ahrazem O, Pérez-Clemente RM, Gómez-Cadenas A, Yoneyama K, López-Ráez JA, Molina RV, Gómez-Gómez L. Apical dominance in saffron and the involvement of the branching enzymes CCD7 and CCD8 in the control of bud sprouting. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 14:171. [PMID: 24947472 PMCID: PMC4077219 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-14-171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In saffron (Crocus sativus), new corms develop at the base of every shoot developed from the maternal corm, a globular underground storage stem. Since the degree of bud sprouts influences the number and size of new corms, and strigolactones (SLs) suppress growth of pre-formed axillary bud, it was considered appropriate to investigate SL involvement in physiology and molecular biology in saffron. We focused on two of the genes within the SL pathway, CCD7 and CCD8, encoding carotenoid cleavage enzymes required for the production of SLs. RESULTS The CsCCD7 and CsCCD8 genes are the first ones isolated and characterized from a non-grass monocotyledonous plant. CsCCD7 and CsCCD8 expression showed some overlapping, although they were not identical. CsCCD8 was highly expressed in quiescent axillary buds and decapitation dramatically reduced its expression levels, suggesting its involvement in the suppression of axillary bud outgrowth. Furthermore, in vitro experiments showed also the involvement of auxin, cytokinin and jasmonic acid on the sprouting of axillary buds from corms in which the apical bud was removed. In addition, CsCCD8 expression, but not CsCCD7, was higher in the newly developed vascular tissue of axillary buds compared to the vascular tissue of the apical bud. CONCLUSIONS We showed that production and transport of auxin in saffron corms could act synergistically with SLs to arrest the outgrowth of the axillary buds, similar to the control of above-ground shoot branching. In addition, jasmonic acid seems to play a prominent role in bud dormancy in saffron. While cytokinins from roots promote bud outgrowth. In addition the expression results of CsCCD8 suggest that SLs could positively regulate procambial activity and the development of new vascular tissues connecting leaves with the mother corm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Rubio-Moraga
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética. Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto Botánico. Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Oussama Ahrazem
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética. Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto Botánico. Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
- Fundación Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Albacete. Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Rosa M Pérez-Clemente
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Aurelio Gómez-Cadenas
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Koichi Yoneyama
- Weed Science Center, Utsunomiya University, 350 Mine-machi, Utsunomiya 321-8505, Japan
| | - Juan Antonio López-Ráez
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEZ-CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Rosa Victoria Molina
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, 46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - Lourdes Gómez-Gómez
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética. Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto Botánico. Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
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Kondeva-Burdina M, Zheleva-Dimitrova D, Nedialkov P, Girreser U, Mitcheva M. Cytoprotective and antioxidant effects of phenolic compounds from Haberlea rhodopensis Friv. (Gesneriaceae). Pharmacogn Mag 2013; 9:294-301. [PMID: 24124280 PMCID: PMC3793333 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.117822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 11/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Haberlea rhodopensis Friv. (Gesneriaceae) is a rare poikilohydric endemic and preglacial relict growing in Balkan Peninsula. Previous investigations demonstrated strong antioxidant, antimicrobial and antimutagenic potential of alcoholic extract from the plant. Objective: The isolation of known caffeoyl phenylethanoid glucoside – myconoside and flavone-C-glycosides hispidulin 8-C-(2-O-syringoyl-β-glucopyranoside), hispidulin 8-C-(6-O-acetyl-2-O-syringoyl-β-glucopyranoside), and hispidulin 8-C-(6-O-acetyl-β-glucopyranoside) from the leaves of H. rhodopensis was carried out. The aim of this study was to investigate cyto-protective and antioxidant effects of isolated compounds. Materials and Methods: Antioxidant activity of isolated substances was examined using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) radicals; ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay and inhibition of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in linoleic acid system by ferric thyocianate method. The compounds were investigated for their possible protective and antioxidant effects against tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced oxidative stress in isolated rat hepatocytes. The levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were assayed as an index of LPO. Lactate dehydrogenase leakage, cell viability, and reduced glutathione depletion were used as signs of cytotoxicity. Results: Myconoside demonstrated the highest DPPH radical scavenging, ABTS, FRAP, and antioxidant activity in linoleic acid system as well as the highest and statistically most significant protection and antioxidant activity against the toxic agent. Conclusion: Phenolic compounds isolated from H. rhodopensis demonstrated significant cytoprotective, radical scavenging potential, and inhibit lipid peroxidation, moreover, myconoside was found to be a new powerful natural antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kondeva-Burdina
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Medical University of Sofia, Dunav 2 Str., Sofia-1000, Bulgaria
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Khoddami A, Wilkes MA, Roberts TH. Techniques for analysis of plant phenolic compounds. Molecules 2013; 18:2328-75. [PMID: 23429347 PMCID: PMC6270361 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18022328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 503] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are well-known phytochemicals found in all plants. They consist of simple phenols, benzoic and cinnamic acid, coumarins, tannins, lignins, lignans and flavonoids. Substantial developments in research focused on the extraction, identification and quantification of phenolic compounds as medicinal and/or dietary molecules have occurred over the last 25 years. Organic solvent extraction is the main method used to extract phenolics. Chemical procedures are used to detect the presence of total phenolics, while spectrophotometric and chromatographic techniques are utilized to identify and quantify individual phenolic compounds. This review addresses the application of different methodologies utilized in the analysis of phenolic compounds in plant-based products, including recent technical developments in the quantification of phenolics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Khoddami
- Department of Plant and Food Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; E-Mails: (A.K.); (M.A.W.)
| | - Meredith A. Wilkes
- Department of Plant and Food Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; E-Mails: (A.K.); (M.A.W.)
| | - Thomas H. Roberts
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +61-2-8627-1042; Fax: +61-2-8627-1099
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Esmaeili N, Ebrahimzadeh H, Abdi K, Mirmasoumi M, Lamei N, Azizi Shamami M. Determination of Metal Content in Crocus sativus L. Corms in Dormancy and Waking Stages. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2013; 12:31-6. [PMID: 24250569 PMCID: PMC3813218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
More than 30 mineral elements have been found with different key functions in helping plants and animals to survive and live healthy. As a direct result, they have always attracted the attention of scientists. The quest is to find some efficient analytical and quantitative procedures in this study to determine some mineral and trace elements of Iranian Crocus sativus L. corms. Several studies have been made using distinct methods and eventually, to achieve this purpose, three analytical methods were used as follows: Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA), Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Seventeen mineral and trace elements (Mg, Na, Ca, K, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, Hg, Ni, Fe, Co, Cd, Sr, Rb, Sc, and Br) were determined in Crocus sativus L. corms in two different physiological stages. The mineral elements content in saffron corms showed a wide variability and their concentrations in dormancy stage were higher than waking. Despite of the fact that K concentration was the highest among all mineral elements studied in both samples, it was nil for Sc, Co, Hg, Pb and Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nardana Esmaeili
- Department of Plant Biology, School of Biology, College of Sciences, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hassan Ebrahimzadeh
- Department of Plant Biology, School of Biology, College of Sciences, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Khosrou Abdi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14174, Iran .
| | - Masoud Mirmasoumi
- Department of Plant Biology, School of Biology, College of Sciences, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Navid Lamei
- Drug Design and Development Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Azizi Shamami
- Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute-Atomic Energy Organization, Tehran, Iran.
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Amin B, Hosseinzadeh H. Evaluation of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of saffron, Crocus sativus L., and its constituents, safranal and crocin in allodynia and hyperalgesia induced by chronic constriction injury model of neuropathic pain in rats. Fitoterapia 2012; 83:888-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2012.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2011] [Revised: 03/17/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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