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Mohit M, Nejati M, Hejazi N, Modaresi S. The efficacy of sumac ( Rhus coriaria L.) powder supplementation in biochemical and anthropometric measurements in overweight or obese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A double-blind randomized controlled trial. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF PHYTOMEDICINE 2024; 14:338-348. [PMID: 39086859 PMCID: PMC11287034 DOI: 10.22038/ajp.2024.23927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to assess the effect of sumac supplement in biochemical and anthropometric measurements in overweight or obese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Materials and Methods In this double-blind randomized controlled trial, 45 NAFLD patients were randomly divided into two groups. The intervention group received sumac capsules (3 g/day) with a balanced diet for 8 weeks, while the placebo group received placebo with a balanced diet. Anthropometric indices, lipid profile, fasting blood glucose, insulin, Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance, aspartate transaminase, alanine aminotransferase, high sensitivity C-reactive protein and malondialdehyde were measured at baseline and at the end of the study. Results The results revealed a significant decrease in anthropometric indices (weight (p=0.001), body mass index (p=0.001), waist circumference (p=0.001), body fat mass (p=0.001), body fat percentage (p=0.001), visceral fat score (p=0.001), biochemical levels of total cholesterol (p=0.007), fasting blood sugar (p=0.006), insulin (p=0.004) and HOMA-IR (p=0.002)) after the intervention compared to the baseline. However, no significant difference was observed between the two groups concerning anthropometric and biochemical indices. Conclusion In this study, no significant differences were observed between the two groups regarding anthropometric and biochemical indices. Thus, further studies with larger sample sizes are recommended to be conducted on the issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Mohit
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammadali Nejati
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Najmeh Hejazi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shayan Modaresi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Fakudze NT, Sarbadhikary P, George BP, Abrahamse H. Ethnomedicinal Uses, Phytochemistry, and Anticancer Potentials of African Medicinal Fruits: A Comprehensive Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1117. [PMID: 37631032 PMCID: PMC10458058 DOI: 10.3390/ph16081117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Africa is home to diverse medicinal plants that have been used for generations for the treatment of several different cancers and, presently, they are gaining interest from researchers as promising approaches to cancer treatment. This review aims to provide a comprehensive review of dietary and medicinal African fruits including their traditional uses, botanical description, ethnobotanical uses, bioactive phytochemical compositions, and anticancer properties investigated to date in vitro, in vivo, and in clinical studies. Data on recent updates concerning the traditional uses and anticancer properties of these fruits were collected from a myriad of available publications in electronic databases, such as Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar. The results suggest that approximately 12 native or commercially grown African fruits belonging to different plant species, including Tribulus terrestris, Xanthium strumarium, Withania somnifera, Xylopia aethiopica, Abelmoschus esculentus, Carissa macrocarpa, Carpobrotus edulis, Syzygium cumini, Kigelia Africana, Annona muricata, Persea americana, and Punica granatum, have been reported for their potential as treatment options for the management of cancer. We further found that approximately eight different fruits from native plant species from Africa, namely, Sclerocarya birrea, Dovyalis caffra, Parinari curatellifolia, Mimusops caffra, Carpobrotus edulis, Vangueria infausta, Harpephyllum caffrum, and Carissa macrocarpa, have been widely used for the traditional treatment of different ailments but somehow failed to gain the interest of researchers for their use in anticancer research. In this review, we show the potential use of various fruits as anticancer agents, such as Tribulus terrestris, Xanthium strumarium, Withania somnifera, Xylopia aethiopica, Abelmoschus esculentus, Carissa macrocarpa, Carpobrotus edulis, Syzygium cumini, Kigelia Africana, Annona muricata, Persea americana, and Punica granatum; unfortunately, not enough reported research data have been published to gain thorough mechanistic insights and clinical applications. Additionally, we discuss the possibility of the utilization of potential phytochemicals from fruits like Persea americana and Punica granatum in anticancer research, as well as future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paromita Sarbadhikary
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, P.O. Box 1701, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa; (N.T.F.); (H.A.)
| | - Blassan P. George
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, P.O. Box 1701, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa; (N.T.F.); (H.A.)
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Ciocan AG, Tecuceanu V, Enache-Preoteasa C, Mitoi EM, Helepciuc FE, Dimov TV, Simon-Gruita A, Cogălniceanu GC. Phenological and Environmental Factors' Impact on Secondary Metabolites in Medicinal Plant Cotinus coggygria Scop. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091762. [PMID: 37176820 PMCID: PMC10181090 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Cotinus coggygria Scop. (smoketree) is a phytotherapeutically valuable shrub growing in specific areas in many Eurasian countries. Exploring the intrinsic and extrinsic (abiotic) factors that modulate its secondary metabolism has fundamental and applicative importance. Three smoketree plants from the same population were studied for a period of 4.5 months. Their extracts were characterized using LC-MS/MS, HPLC-UV-VIS-DAD and colorimetric assays to determine the chemical composition and antioxidant potential. Multivariate analysis was applied to correlate the metabolomic data with registered habitat variables and phenological stages. The identified and quantified compounds belonged to the flavonoids (myricetin-3-O-galactoside, myricitrin) and hydrolysable tannins groups (pentagalloyl glucose, methyl gallate, methyl digallate I). Phenolic compounds and tannins were synthesized abundantly in the flowering and fruit stages, whereas flavonoids and triterpenes accumulated during senescence. The antioxidant activities varied between detection methods, samplings and individuals and were only punctually correlated with the compound contents in certain phenological stages. Based on the HCAbp analysis, the samples clustered under four groups, according to their metabolic profile. The CCA analysis revealed that during the reproductive stages (flower, fruit or seed), the secondary metabolism of the plants' leaves is sensitive to the action of abiotic factors, while in senescence, the metabolic content is according to the phenological phase. This study provides a first attempt at understanding the interplay between the habitat and the metabolome of smoketree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra-Gabriela Ciocan
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Biology Bucharest of Romanian Academy, 296 Splaiul Independenței Street, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 91-95, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Victorița Tecuceanu
- "C.D. Nenitzescu" Institute of Organic and Supramolecular Chemistry, Romanian Academy, 202 B Spl. Independentei, 060023 Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Elena Monica Mitoi
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Biology Bucharest of Romanian Academy, 296 Splaiul Independenței Street, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Florența Elena Helepciuc
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Biology Bucharest of Romanian Academy, 296 Splaiul Independenței Street, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Tatiana Vassu Dimov
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 91-95, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandra Simon-Gruita
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 91-95, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gina Carmen Cogălniceanu
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Biology Bucharest of Romanian Academy, 296 Splaiul Independenței Street, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
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Afandak F, Aryaeian N, Kashanian M, Janani L, Namizadeh T, Karimi MY, Morvaridi M. Effect of sumac powder on clinical symptoms, hyperandrogenism, inflammation, blood glucose, lipid profiles in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A double-blind randomized clinical trial. Phytother Res 2023. [PMID: 36724890 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders associated with a high risk of diabetes, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of sumac powder on clinical symptoms and laboratory parameters in women with PCOS. The double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 88 women with PCOS randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups. The intervention group received three capsules each containing 1 g of sumac powder for 12 weeks. All data and serum levels of sex hormone, hs-CRP, glucose, and lipid profiles were measured at the baseline and at the end of the study. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 software. The ANCOVA test results showed that hs-CRP level was significantly reduced in the intervention group (p = .008). Blood glucose and lipid profiles in the intervention group were significantly reduced compared to the placebo group (p < .05). Insulin sensitivity and HDL levels were increased significantly in the Sumac group after the intervention (p < .05). Sumac powder can reduce the inflammatory effects, and glycemic status and lipid profile of polycystic ovaries in affected women, but has no significant effect on anthropometric parameters and sex hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Afandak
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naheed Aryaeian
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Kashanian
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Akbarabadi Teaching Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Janani
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tandis Namizadeh
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mehrnaz Morvaridi
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Vargas-Ruiz R, Montiel-Ruiz RM, Zamilpa A, Gonzalez-Cortazar M, Herrera-Ruiz ML, Molina-Cabrera J, Juárez-Aragón MC, Flores-Murrieta FJ. Bio-guided study of the antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and free-radical scavenging capacity of the leaves of Rhus virens Lindh. ex A. Gray and its possible mechanism of antinociception. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 300:115756. [PMID: 36170958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Rhus genus is commonly known as sumac and widely used in the folk medicine. Rhus virens is a plant commonly used to treat diabetes or pain in the northern territory of Mexico. Even though R. virens is used in the folk medicine there is still a lack of evidence about the pharmacological effect of this species. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to determine the antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect of R. virens through a bio-guided chemical separation. MATERIALS AND METHODS The aqueous, methanolic, and hexane extract of R. virens were obtained and tested in the formalin test, TPA-induced ear edema, and DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assay. Also, possible interaction of pain pathways was studied using naloxone, bicuculline, L-NAME, ODQ, and glibenclamide in the formalin test in mice. RESULTS Rhus virens methanolic extract (30 mg/kg, p.o.) produced higher antinociceptive activity in both the early and late phases of the formalin test (35.0 and 52.9%, respectively). Also, pre-administration with naloxone, bicuculline, L-NAME, ODQ and glibenclamide prevented the antinociceptive effect of R. virens in the early phase of the formalin test. Meanwhile, only naloxone and bicuculline prevented the antinociceptive effect on the late phase of the formalin test. Chemical separation of methanolic extract allowed to isolate 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-glucopyranose (PGG), it was tested in the formalin test, producing an antinociceptive effect on the late phase of the formalin test. On the other hand, topical application of the derivatives of R. virens methanolic extract produced an anti-inflammatory effect in the TPA-induced ear edema, being PGG an anti-inflammatory molecule. Lastly, radical scavenging activity was higher in the extracts of higher polarity, comparable to the standard used Camellia sinensis. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, R. virens produce an antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and free-radical scavenging activity. The antinociceptive effect could be related to the opioidergic, GABAergic, and NO-GMPc-K + ATP channels pathways. These effects could be partially produced by the presence of PGG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Vargas-Ruiz
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, Miguel Hidalgo, 11340, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. Argentina1, Centro, 62790, Xochitepec, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Rosa Mariana Montiel-Ruiz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. Argentina1, Centro, 62790, Xochitepec, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Alejandro Zamilpa
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. Argentina1, Centro, 62790, Xochitepec, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Manases Gonzalez-Cortazar
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. Argentina1, Centro, 62790, Xochitepec, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Maribel Lucila Herrera-Ruiz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. Argentina1, Centro, 62790, Xochitepec, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Jaqueline Molina-Cabrera
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. Argentina1, Centro, 62790, Xochitepec, Morelos, Mexico
| | - María Cruz Juárez-Aragón
- Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Instituto de Ecología Aplicada, División del Golfo 356, Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, 87019, Mexico
| | - Francisco Javier Flores-Murrieta
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, Miguel Hidalgo, 11340, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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Rhus coriaria L. (Sumac), a Versatile and Resourceful Food Spice with Cornucopia of Polyphenols. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165179. [PMID: 36014419 PMCID: PMC9414570 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, utilization of Rhus coriaria L. (sumac) is upgrading not only in their culinary use and human nutrition, but also in the pharmaceutical industry, food industry and veterinary practices. This is driven by accumulating evidence that support the ethnobotanical use of this plant; in particular, advanced knowledge of the content of nutritional, medicinal and techno-functional bioactive ingredients. Herein, we discuss polyphenolic compounds as the main bioactive ingredients in Rhus coriaria L., which contribute mainly to the significance and utility of this spice. Most of the antioxidant potential and therapeutic roles of sumac are increasingly attributed to its constituent tannins, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. Hydroxyphenyl pyranoanthocyanins and other anthocynins are responsible for the highly desired red pigments accounting for the strong pigmentation capacity and colorant ability of sumac. Certain polyphenols and the essential oil components are responsible for the peculiar flavor and antimicrobial activity of sumac. Tannin-rich sumac extracts and isolates are known to enhance the food quality and the oxidative stability of animal products such as meat and milk. In conclusion, polyphenol-rich sumac extracts and its bioactive ingredients could be exploited towards developing novel food products which do not only address the current consumers' interests regarding organoleptic and nutritional value of food, but also meet the growing need for 'clean label' as well as value addition with respect to antioxidant capacity, disease prevention, and health promotion in humans.
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Bodede O, More GK, Moodley R, Steenkamp P, Baijnath H, Maharaj V, Prinsloo G. New Alk(en)ylhydroxycyclohexanes with Tyrosinase Inhibition Potential from Harpephyllum caffrum Bernh. Gum Exudate. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27123839. [PMID: 35744961 PMCID: PMC9229927 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This work presents the first report on the phytochemical investigation of Harpephyllum caffrum Bernh. gum exudate. A known cardanol, 3-heptadec-12'-Z-enyl phenol (1) and three new alk(en)ylhydroxycyclohexanes, namely, (1R,3R)-1,3-dihydroxy-3-[heptadec-12'(Z)-enyl]cyclohexane (2) (1S,2S,3S,4S,5R)-1,2,3,4,5-pentahydroxy-5-[octadec-13'(Z)-enyl]cyclohexane (3) and (1R,2S,4R)-1,2,4-trihydroxy-4-[heptadec-12'(Z)-enyl]cyclohexane (4) were isolated from the gum. The structures of the compounds were determined by extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and HR-ESI-MS data. The ethanolic extract of the gum was found to be the most potent tyrosinase inhibitor with IC50 of 11.32 µg/mL while compounds 2 and 3, with IC50 values of 24.90 and 26.99 µg/mL, respectively, were found to be potential anti-tyrosinase candidates from the gum. Gum exudate may be a potential source for non-destructive harvesting of selective pharmacologically active compounds from plants. The results also provide evidence that H. caffrum gum may find application in cosmetics as a potential anti-tyrosinase agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olusola Bodede
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa; (G.K.M.); (G.P.)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa;
- Correspondence:
| | - Garland K. More
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa; (G.K.M.); (G.P.)
| | - Roshila Moodley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
| | - Paul Steenkamp
- Research Centre for Plant Metabolomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa;
| | - Himansu Baijnath
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa;
| | - Vinesh Maharaj
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa;
| | - Gerhard Prinsloo
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa; (G.K.M.); (G.P.)
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Hashem-Dabaghian F, Ghods R, Shojaii A, Abdi L, Campos-Toimil M, Yousefsani BS. Rhus coriaria L., a new candidate for controlling metabolic syndrome: a systematic review. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 74:1-12. [PMID: 34673978 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Rhus coriaria L. (RC) is a deciduous shrub with several pharmacological activities. Evidence of the effects of RC on weight, hyperlipidaemia, hypertension and diabetes mellitus have been presented in this study. Books, thesis and internet-based resources such as PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE, Cochrane, Ovid and Google Scholar were searched for the English, Arabic and Persian literature from 1966 to 2020 (December). The keywords were Rhus coriaria L., Sumac, metabolic syndrome and all its medical conditions (hyperlipidaemia, hypertension, obesity and diabetes mellitus). The inclusion criteria were full-text animal and human studies conducted on RC to evaluate its efficacy on any components of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Jadad scale was used to assess the quality of evidence. KEY FINDINGS Reviewing 23 relevant studies demonstrated that RC is able to decrease the level of blood glucose, glycated haemoglobin, serum insulin and insulin resistance. Studies on hyperlipidaemia and obesity have very contradicting results, and there is no definite conclusion on the effect of RC on lipid profile. However, the hypotensive and effect of RC was confirmed in the existing studies. SUMMARY According to the literature, RC can be considered as a promising curative candidate for MetS. However, further studies with larger sample size and higher methodological quality are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fataneh Hashem-Dabaghian
- Research Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Group, School of Persian Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roshanak Ghods
- Research Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Group, School of Persian Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asie Shojaii
- Research Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Group, School of Persian Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Abdi
- Research Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Group, School of Persian Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Manuel Campos-Toimil
- Physiology and Pharmacology of Chronic Diseases (FIFAEC), CIMUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Bahareh Sadat Yousefsani
- Research Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,School of Persian Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Mohit M, Nouri M, Samadi M, Nouri Y, Heidarzadeh-Esfahani N, Venkatakrishnan K, Jalili C. The effect of sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) supplementation on glycemic indices: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials. Complement Ther Med 2021; 61:102766. [PMID: 34365008 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2021.102766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Rhus coriaria L. (Sumac) is a popular spice/herb with several biological functions owing to its antioxidant and insulin-like activities. Many clinical trials have indicated the potent anti-diabetic property of sumac but the results on few glycemic indices were inconclusive. Hence, this systematic review and meta-analysis were aimed to investigate sumac supplementation effect on glycemic indices. METHODS Systematically searched was performed by two independent reviewers using online databases including: PubMed, Scopus, web of science, EMBASE from inception until November 2020. Data were pooled using a random-effects model and weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95 % confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS A total of 6 potentially relevant clinical trials met the inclusion criteria with total of 278 participants. Random-effects meta-analysis suggested no significant effects on the levels of fasting blood glucose [-7.08 mg/dl, 95 % CI: -14.85 to 0.70,P = 0.07, I2 = 59.8 %], glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) [-0.48 %, 95 % CI: -1.01 to -0.04, P = 0.07, I2 = 0.0 %], homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) [-0.97, 95 % CI: -1.96 to 0.02, P = 0.05, I2 = 83.8 %], and insulin [-2.94 Hedges' g, 95 % CI: -6.67 to 0.80, P = 0.12, I2 = 83.1 %] following supplementation with sumac powder. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis showed no significant effects on any glycemic indices following supplementation with sumac powder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Mohit
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehran Nouri
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehnoosh Samadi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Nutritional Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Yasaman Nouri
- Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Korramabad, Iran
| | - Neda Heidarzadeh-Esfahani
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Nutritional Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | | | - Cyrus Jalili
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Potential anticancer activities of Rhus coriaria (sumac) extract against human cancer cell lines. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:228452. [PMID: 33891003 PMCID: PMC8112848 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20204384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic strategies of plant origin are a better choice as both dietary plant products or its isolated active constituents against the development and progression of cancer. The present study aims to evaluate the anticancer activity of sumac (Rhus coriaria) against different human cancer MCF-7, PC-3, and SKOV3 cell lines. In addition, the study tries to explore a prospective mechanism of action, assessment of in vitro enzyme-inhibitory capacity of sumac extract against hCA I, II, IX, and XII. In the present study, the potential antitumor effects of sumac (Rhus coriaria) were explored in the human cancer cell lines; MCF-7, PC-3, and SKOV3 using in vitro assays. Apoptotic, cell survival, ELISA immunoassays were also conducted to reveal the inhibitory effects of sumac extract against hCA I, II, IX, and XII. In addition, both Clioquinol and Acetazolamide (AZM) were used as standards to explore the in vitro enzyme-inhibitory capacity of sumac extract against hCA I, II, IX, and XII. The hydro-alcoholic extract of R. coriaria (Sumac) was subjected to phytochemical analysis using GC/MS assays. Sumac at non-cytotoxic doses of 50 and 100 µM significantly modulates the growth of the MCF-7, PC-3, and SKOV3 cancer cells with a higher inhibitory effect and selectivity to carbonic anhydrase (CA) isoforms; hCA I, II, hCA IX, and XII. The data showed that sumac at doses of 50 and 100 µM significantly inhibited the growth, proliferation, and viability of cancer cells by activating the apoptotic process via caspase-3 overexpression and the regulation of Bcl-2 anti-apoptotic protein.
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Ozkan G, Stübler AS, Aganovic K, Dräger G, Esatbeyoglu T, Capanoglu E. Retention of polyphenols and vitamin C in cranberrybush purée (Viburnum opulus) by means of non-thermal treatments. Food Chem 2021; 360:129918. [PMID: 34051454 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The effects of high pressure processing (HPP; 200-600 MPa for 5 or 15 min) and pulsed electric field (PEF; 3 kV/cm, 5-15 kJ/kg) treatment on physicochemical properties (conductivity, pH and total soluble solids content), bioactive compounds (vitamin C, total phenolic (TPC), total flavonoid (TFC), total anthocyanin (TAC) and chlorogenic acid contents), antioxidant capacities (DPPH and CUPRAC assays) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity of cranberrybush purée were evaluated immediately after processing. The results were compared to an untreated purée. According to the results, conductivity increased significantly after PEF (15 kJ/kg) treatment. PEF and HPP treatments resulted in a better retention of bioactive compounds (increase in TPC in the range of ~4-11% and ~10-14% and TFC in the range of ~1-5% and ~6-8% after HPP and PEF, respectively) and antioxidant activity (as measured with CUPRAC method) compared to untreated sample. HPP reduced residual enzyme activity of PPO comparatively better than PEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulay Ozkan
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey; Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University of Hannover, Am Kleinen Felde 30, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Anna-Sophie Stübler
- German Institute of Food Technologies DIL e.V., Prof.-v.-Klitzing-Str. 7, 49610 Quakenbrück, Germany
| | - Kemal Aganovic
- German Institute of Food Technologies DIL e.V., Prof.-v.-Klitzing-Str. 7, 49610 Quakenbrück, Germany
| | - Gerald Dräger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University of Hannover, Schneiderberg 1b, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Tuba Esatbeyoglu
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University of Hannover, Am Kleinen Felde 30, 30167 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Esra Capanoglu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Phytochemicals of Rhus spp. as Potential Inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease: Molecular Docking and Drug-Likeness Study. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:8814890. [PMID: 33727943 PMCID: PMC7937479 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8814890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) induced by the novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) originated in China and spread to cover the entire world with an ongoing pandemic. The magnitude of the situation and the fast spread of the new and deadly virus, as well as the lack of specific treatment, led to a focus on research to discover new therapeutic agents. Aim In this study, we explore the potential inhibitory effects of some active polyphenolic constituents of Rhus spp. (sumac) against the SARS-CoV-2 main protease enzyme (Mpro; 6LU7). Methods 26 active polyphenolic compounds of Rhus spp. were studied for their antiviral activity by molecular docking, drug likeness, and synthetic accessibility score (SAS) as inhibitors against the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. Results The results show that all tested compounds of sumac provided good interaction with the main active site of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro, with better, lower molecular docking energy (kcal/mol) compared to the well-known drugs chloroquine and favipiravir (Avigan). Only six active polyphenolic compounds of Rhus spp. (sumac), methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate, (Z)-1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyprop-2-en-1-one, (Z)-2-(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-6-hydroxybenzofuran-3(2H)-one, 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chroman-4-one, 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-4H-chroman-4-one, and 3,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chroman-4-one, were proposed by drug likeness, solubility in water, and SAS analysis as potential inhibitors of Mpro that may be used for the treatment of COVID-19. Conclusion Six phenolic compounds of Rhus spp. are proposed for synthesis as potential inhibitors against Mpro and have potential for the treatment of COVID-19. These results encourage further in vitro and in vivo investigations of the proposed ligands and research on the preventive use of Rhus spp. against SARS-CoV-2.
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Pharmacological and Antioxidant Activities of Rhus coriaria L. (Sumac). Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10010073. [PMID: 33430013 PMCID: PMC7828031 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhus coriaria L. (Anacardiaceae), commonly known as sumac, is a commonly used spice, condiment, and flavoring agent, especially in the Mediterranean region. Owing to its bountiful beneficial values, sumac has been used in traditional medicine for the management and treatment of many ailments including hemorrhoids, wound healing, diarrhea, ulcer, and eye inflammation. This plant is rich in various classes of phytochemicals including flavonoids, tannins, polyphenolic compounds, organic acids, and many others. By virtue of its bioactive, Rhus coriaria possesses powerful antioxidant capacities that have ameliorative and therapeutic benefits for many common diseases including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. This review describes the phytochemical properties of R. coriaria and then focuses on the potent antioxidant capacities of sumac. We then dissect the cellular and molecular mechanisms of sumac’s action in modulating many pathophysiological instigators. We show how accumulating evidence supports the antibacterial, antinociceptive, antidiabetic, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, and anticancer effects of this plant, especially that toxicity studies show that sumac is very safe to consume by humans and has little toxicity. Taken together, the findings we summarize here support the utilization of this plant as an attractive target for drug discovery.
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Dziki D, Cacak-Pietrzak G, Hassoon WH, Gawlik-Dziki U, Sułek A, Różyło R, Sugier D. The fruits of sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) as a functional additive and salt replacement to wheat bread. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Elagbar ZA, Shakya AK, Barhoumi LM, Al-Jaber HI. Phytochemical Diversity and Pharmacological Properties of Rhus coriaria. Chem Biodivers 2020; 17:e1900561. [PMID: 32141706 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201900561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Rhus coriaria L. (Anacardiaceae), sumac, is a common condiment, appetizer and souring agent in the Mediterranean region that has a long history in traditional medicine. R. coriaria has been prescribed for the treatment of many ailments including diarrhea, ulcer, hemorrhoids, hemorrhage, wound healing, hematemesis, and eye ailments like ophthalmia and conjunctivitis. The plant is also used as diuresis, antimicrobial, abortifacient and as a stomach tonic. Sumac is known to be rich in different classes of phytochemicals including tannins, polyphenols, flavonoids, organic acids and essential oils and continues to be a hot topic for extensive research work designed for revealing its phytochemical constituents and evaluating its bioactive properties. This review summarizes the recent phytochemical and diverse bioactivity studies on R. coriaria, especially those concerned with antitumor, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaha A Elagbar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, P.O. Box 263, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, 19328, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ashok K Shakya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, P.O. Box 263, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, 19328, Amman, Jordan
| | - Lina M Barhoumi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Balqa Applied University, 19117, Al-Salt, Jordan
| | - Hala I Al-Jaber
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Balqa Applied University, 19117, Al-Salt, Jordan
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van Vuuren S, Frank L. Review: Southern African medicinal plants used as blood purifiers. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 249:112434. [PMID: 31812645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMALOGICAL RELEVANCE Blood purification practices, also referred to as blood cleansing or detoxification, is an ancient concept which is widespread amongst African traditional medicine, but for which no modern scientific basis exists. There prevails considerable ambiguity in defining what a blood purifier is. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of this review is to firstly define what a blood purifier is in the context of African traditional medicine and compare to other cultural and westernized interpretations. Thereafter, this study identifies traditionally used medicinal plants used as blood purifiers in southern Africa and correlates these species to scientific studies, which may support evidence for these "blood purifying plant species". MATERIALS AND METHODS Ethnobotanical books and review articles were used to identify medicinal plants used for blood purification. Databases such as Scopus, ScienceDirect, PubMed and Google Scholar were used to source scientific articles. An evaluation was made to try correlate traditional use to scientific value of the plant species. RESULTS One hundred and fifty nine plant species have been documented as traditional remedies for blood purification. Most of the plant species have some pharmacological activity, however, very little link to the traditional use for blood purification. There has been some justification of the link between blood purification and the use as an antimicrobial and this has been explored in many of the plant species identified as blood purifiers. Other pharmacological studies specifically pertaining to the blood require further attention. CONCLUSION Irrespective of the ambiguity of interpretation, medicinal plants used to "cleanse the blood", play an important holistic role in traditional medicine and this review with recommendations for further study provides some value of exploring this theme in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- S van Vuuren
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa.
| | - L Frank
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
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Assessment of the Use of Natural Extracted Dyes and Pancreatin Enzyme for Dyeing of Four Natural Textiles: HPLC Analysis of Phytochemicals. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, four natural textiles (cotton, linen, wool, and silk) were dyed with 14 naturally extracted dyes, and pancreatin enzyme was used in the dyeing process. The effects of pancreatin enzyme and its buffer on naturally dyed textile samples were evaluated. Two concentrations of pancreatin enzyme and buffer were used as pretreatments for dyed textiles. Proteinic fabrics showed the highest relative color strength (RCS) values of 137.23% and 132.2% when the pancreatin enzyme was applied on wool and silk dyed with pomegranate skin and bloodroot at concentrations A and B, respectively. Linen fiber dyed with catechu tree showed the highest total color difference (TCD) values with buffer (6.83) and pancreatin enzyme A (5.7) and B (6.3). This shows that there were no side effects of the pancreatin enzyme on the studied dyed textiles. By high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, the root extract from madder showed the presence of salicylic acid (1758.91 mg/kg extract), quercetin (844.23 mg/kg extract), ellagic acid (784.86 mg/kg extract) and benzoic acid (582.68 mg/kg extract) as main compounds. In cochineal extract the main compounds were rutin (37.732 mg/kg extract), kampherol (1915.98 mg/kg extract), myricetin (809.97 mg/kg extract), quercetin (496.76 mg/kg extract) and salicylic acid (193.87 mg/kg extract).
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Gezici S. Neuroprotective Effect, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Potentials of Sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) Fruit Extracts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.15671/hjbc.621202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Timocin T, Arslan M, Basri Ila H. Evaluation of in vitro and in vivo genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects of Rhus coriaria. Drug Chem Toxicol 2019; 44:409-417. [PMID: 30945575 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2019.1593433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Rhus coriaria has been important in the treatment of many diseases in traditional use. In this content, the genotoxic, antigenotoxic, and oxidative stress effects of methanol extract of R. coriaria (RCE) were investigated in this study. Two hundred fifty, 500, or 750 µg/mL concentrations of RCE were not found to have DNA damaging effect on pET22-b(+) plasmid and were unable to induce micronuclei in human lymphocytes (24 or 48 h treatment period). However, it did not inhibit the genotoxic effect of mitomycin-c (0.25 µg/mL). Cytotoxic effects of RCE were investigated using mitotic index (MI) and nuclear division index (NDI). Five hundred, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg concentrations of RCE did not induce chromosome aberrations in rat bone marrow cells for 12 or 24 h treatment period. In addition, 2000 mg/kg concentration of RCE showed an antigenotoxic effect by decreasing to genotoxic effect of 400 mg/kg urethane at 12 and 24 h treatment periods. RCE showed cytotoxic effects by significantly decreasing NDI. Moreover, RCE increased cytotoxic effect of Mitomycin C (MMC). However, RCE did not induce cytotoxicity in rat bone marrow cells. The highest concentration of RCE reduced total oxidant level in 12 h treatment. Interestingly, the lowest total oxidant level was found in rats blood treated with the lowest concentration RCE and urethane together. Thousand and 2000 mg/kg concentrations of RCE decreased total antioxidant levels of rat blood at 24 h treatment period. Our results showed that RCE possess cytotoxic effect in short-term treatments in vitro. However, it does not demonstrate genotoxic or cytotoxic effects in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taygun Timocin
- Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Biology, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Arslan
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Ardahan University, Ardahan, Turkey
| | - Hasan Basri Ila
- Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Biology, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
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Mongalo N, Dikhoba P, Soyingbe S, Makhafola T. Antifungal, anti-oxidant activity and cytotoxicity of South African medicinal plants against mycotoxigenic fungi. Heliyon 2018; 4:e00973. [PMID: 30761368 PMCID: PMC6275167 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal strains belonging to genus Fusarium and Aspergillus are known to infect crops, resulting in threatened food security and less agricultural crop yields. The aim of the current work was to investigate the anti-mycotoxigenic activity, cytotoxic effect and antioxidant potential of selected South African medicinal plants extracts. The aqueous and organic extracts of the leaves from selected medicinal plants were investigated for their antifungal activity against various fungal strains that are known to infect crops and produce mycotoxins. Antioxidant activity, total phenolic and total flavonoids contents were also evaluated. Organic extract of Milletia grandis (E. Mey) Skeels revealed the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 0.01 mg/mL against Aspergillus ochraceous, Fusarium graminearum and Furasium oxysporum. Generally, organic extracts revealed significant antifungal activity compared to aqueous extracts. Carpobrutus eludis L. and Warburgia salutaris (G. Bertol) Chiov. revealed a potent cytotoxic effect yielding 50 % lethal concentration (LC50) value of 0.01 mg/mL against Bovine dermis and Vero cells respectively. Ricinus communis L. revealed a 50 % inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 945 μg/mL against 2, 2 diphenyl-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH). Generally, the plant species revealed lower flavonoids compared to phenolic contents. The biological activity of the selected plant extracts may be attributed to the high phenolic contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- N.I. Mongalo
- University of South Africa, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Laboratories, Private Bag X06, Florida, 0610, South Africa
| | - P.M. Dikhoba
- Research, Innovation & Engagements Portfolio, Mangosuthu University of Technology, P O Box 12363, Durban, 4026, South Africa
| | - S.O. Soyingbe
- Research, Innovation & Engagements Portfolio, Mangosuthu University of Technology, P O Box 12363, Durban, 4026, South Africa
| | - T.J. Makhafola
- Research, Innovation & Engagements Portfolio, Mangosuthu University of Technology, P O Box 12363, Durban, 4026, South Africa
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Perna A, Simonetti A, Grassi G, Gambacorta E. Effect of α S1-casein genotype on phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in goat milk yogurt fortified with Rhus coriaria leaf powder. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:7691-7701. [PMID: 29960787 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-14613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate the phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of goat milk yogurt characterized by different αS1-casein genotypes and fortified with Rhus coriaria leaf powder. The αS1-casein genotype was determined by isoelectric focusing, total phenol content was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, phenolic compounds were identified and quantified by HPLC-UV analysis, and antioxidant activity was measured using 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid and ferric-reducing antioxidant power. The statistical analysis showed a significant effect of the studied factors. Comparing different genotypes it emerged that yogurt from goats with weak alleles at CSN1S1 loci (FF) showed the lowest phenolic compounds and therefore a lower antioxidant activity compared with yogurt from goats with strong alleles at CSN1S1 loci (AA, BB, AB). Rhus coriaria-fortified yogurt showed a significant increase in total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in comparison with plain yogurt. The FF-fortified yogurt presented the lowest total phenol content and antioxidant activity. This could be due to a greater capacity of proteins and peptides in this yogurt to form stable complexes with phenols. The different total phenol content detected in R. coriaria-fortified yogurt indicates that the αS1-casein genotype influenced the amount of added phenols that are bound to the caseins and, therefore, the part that remains free and that affects the biological capacity of the final product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Perna
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10-85100, Italy
| | - Amalia Simonetti
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10-85100, Italy.
| | - Giulia Grassi
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10-85100, Italy
| | - Emilio Gambacorta
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10-85100, Italy
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Anwar MA, Samaha AA, Baydoun S, Iratni R, Eid AH. Rhus coriaria L. (Sumac) Evokes Endothelium-Dependent Vasorelaxation of Rat Aorta: Involvement of the cAMP and cGMP Pathways. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:688. [PMID: 30002626 PMCID: PMC6031713 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhus coriaria L. (sumac) is widely used in traditional remedies and cuisine of countries of the Mediterranean as well as Central and South-West Asia. Administration of sumac to experimental models and patients with diverse pathological conditions generates multi-faceted propitious effects, including the quality as a vasodilator. Together, the effects are concertedly channeled toward cardiovasobolic protection. However, there is paucity of data on the mechanism of action for sumac’s vasodilatory effect, an attribute which is considered to be advantageous for unhealthy circulatory system. Accordingly, we sought to determine the mechanisms by which sumac elicits its vasorelaxatory effects. We deciphered the signaling networks by application of a range of pharmacological inhibitors, biochemical assays and including the quantification of cyclic nucleotide monophosphates. Herein, we provide evidence that an ethanolic extract of sumac fruit, dose-dependently, relaxes rat isolated aorta. The mechanistic effect is achieved via stimulation of multiple transducers namely PI3-K/Akt, eNOS, NO, guanylyl cyclase, cGMP, and PKG. Interestingly, the arachidonic acid pathway (cyclooxygenases), adenylyl cyclase/cAMP and ATP-dependent potassium channels appear to partake in this sumac-orchestrated attenuation of vascular tone. Clearly, our data support the favorable potential cardio-vasculoprotective action of sumac.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A Anwar
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ali A Samaha
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon.,Faculty of Public Health IV, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Safaa Baydoun
- Research Center for Environment and Development, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rabah Iratni
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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Ahangarpour A, Heidari H, Junghani MS, Absari R, Khoogar M, Ghaedi E. Effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Rhus coriaria seed on glucose and insulin related biomarkers, lipid profile, and hepatic enzymes in nicotinamide-streptozotocin-induced type II diabetic male mice. Res Pharm Sci 2017; 12:416-424. [PMID: 28974980 PMCID: PMC5615872 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.213987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes often leads to dislipidemia and abnormal activity of hepatic enzymes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antidiabetic and hypolipidemic properties of Rhus coriaria (R. coriaria) seed extrac on nicotinamide-streptozotocin induced type 2 diabetic mice. In this experimental study, 56 male Naval Medical Research Institute mice (30-35 g) were randomly separated into seven groups: control, diabetic group, diabetic mice treated with glibenclamide (0.25 mg/kg, as standard antidiabetic drug) or R. coriaria seed extract in doses of 200 and 300 mg/kg, and control groups received these two doses of extract orally for 28 days. Induction of diabetes was done by intraperitoneal injection of nicotinamide and streptozotocin. Ultimately, body weight of mice, blood levels of glucose, insulin, hepatic enzymes, leptin, and lipid profile were assayed. After induction of type 2 diabetes, level of glucose, cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase increased and level of insulin and high density lipoprotein decreased remarkably. Administration of both doses of extract decreased level of glucose and cholesterol significantly in diabetic mice. LDL level decreased in treated group with dose of 300 mg/kg of the extract. Although usage of the extract improved level of other lipid profiles, insulin and hepatic enzymes, changes weren't significant. This study showed R. coriaria seeds administration has a favorable effect in controlling some blood parameters in type 2 diabetes. Therefore it may be beneficial in the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Ahangarpour
- Health Research Institute, Diabetes Research Center, Department of Physiology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, I.R. Iran
| | - Hamid Heidari
- Health Research Institute, Diabetes Research Center, Department of Physiology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, I.R. Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, I.R. Iran
| | | | - Reza Absari
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, I.R. Iran
| | - Mehdi Khoogar
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, I.R. Iran
| | - Ehsan Ghaedi
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, I.R. Iran
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El Hasasna H, Saleh A, Al Samri H, Athamneh K, Attoub S, Arafat K, Benhalilou N, Alyan S, Viallet J, Al Dhaheri Y, Eid A, Iratni R. Rhus coriaria suppresses angiogenesis, metastasis and tumor growth of breast cancer through inhibition of STAT3, NFκB and nitric oxide pathways. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21144. [PMID: 26888313 PMCID: PMC4758048 DOI: 10.1038/srep21144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we reported that Rhus coriaria exhibits anticancer activities by promoting cell cycle arrest and autophagic cell death of the metastatic triple negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Here, we investigated the effect of Rhus coriaria on the migration, invasion, metastasis and tumor growth of TNBC cells. Our current study revealed that non-cytotoxic concentrations of Rhus coriaria significantly inhibited migration and invasion, blocked adhesion to fibronectin and downregulated MMP-9 and prostaglandin E2 (PgE2). Not only did Rhus coriaria decrease their adhesion to HUVECs and to lung microvascular endothelial (HMVEC-L) cells, but it also inhibited the transendothelial migration of MDA-MB-231 cells through TNF-α-activated HUVECs. Furthermore, we found that Rhus coriaria inhibited angiogenesis, reduced VEGF production in both MDA-MB-231 and HUVECs and downregulated the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8. The underlying mechanism for Rhus coriaria effects appears to be through inhibiting NFκB, STAT3 and nitric oxide (NO) pathways. Most importantly, by using chick embryo tumor growth assay, we showed that Rhus coriaria suppressed tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. The results described in the present study identify Rhus coriaria as a promising chemopreventive and therapeutic candidate that modulate triple negative breast cancer growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussain El Hasasna
- Department of Biology, College of Science, UAE University, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Alaaeldin Saleh
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, P.O. Box: 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Halima Al Samri
- Department of Biology, College of Science, UAE University, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khawlah Athamneh
- Department of Biology, College of Science, UAE University, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Samir Attoub
- Department of Pharmacology &Therapeutics, College of Medicine &Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, P.O. Box: 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kholoud Arafat
- Department of Pharmacology &Therapeutics, College of Medicine &Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, P.O. Box: 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nehla Benhalilou
- Department of Biology, College of Science, UAE University, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sofyan Alyan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, UAE University, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jean Viallet
- INSERM U823, Université Joseph Fourier, BP170, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Yusra Al Dhaheri
- Department of Biology, College of Science, UAE University, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ali Eid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, PO Box 11-0236, Lebanon.,Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, PO Box: 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rabah Iratni
- Department of Biology, College of Science, UAE University, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
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Schulze-Kaysers N, Feuereisen MM, Schieber A. Phenolic compounds in edible species of the Anacardiaceae family – a review. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra11746a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the Anacardiaceae (cashew family) are of economic importance and contain a diverse range of phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Schulze-Kaysers
- University of Bonn
- Department of Nutritional and Food Sciences – Chair of Food Technology and Food Biotechnology
- D-53117 Bonn
- Germany
| | - M. M. Feuereisen
- University of Bonn
- Department of Nutritional and Food Sciences – Chair of Food Technology and Food Biotechnology
- D-53117 Bonn
- Germany
| | - A. Schieber
- University of Bonn
- Department of Nutritional and Food Sciences – Chair of Food Technology and Food Biotechnology
- D-53117 Bonn
- Germany
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26
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Abu-Reidah IM, Ali-Shtayeh MS, Jamous RM, Arráez-Román D, Segura-Carretero A. HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS screening of bioactive components from Rhus coriaria L. (Sumac) fruits. Food Chem 2014; 166:179-191. [PMID: 25053044 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Rhus coriaria L. (sumac) is an important crop widely used in the Mediterranean basin as a food spice, and also in folk medicine, due to its health-promoting properties. Phytochemicals present in plant foods are in part responsible for these consequent health benefits. Nevertheless, detailed information on these bioactive compounds is still scarce. Therefore, the present work was aimed at investigating the phytochemical components of sumac fruit epicarp using HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS in two different ionisation modes. The proposed method provided tentative identification of 211 phenolic and other phyto-constituents, most of which have not been described so far in R. coriaria fruits. More than 180 phytochemicals (tannins, (iso)flavonoids, terpenoids, etc.) are reported herein in sumac fruits for the first time. The obtained results highlight the importance of R. coriaria as a promising source of functional ingredients, and boost its potential use in the food and nutraceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim M Abu-Reidah
- Biodiversity & Environmental Research Center (BERC), Til, Nablus POB 696, Palestine; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva, 18071 Granada, Spain; Functional Food Research and Development Centre (CIDAF), PTS Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento, Edificio Bioregión, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | | | - Rana M Jamous
- Biodiversity & Environmental Research Center (BERC), Til, Nablus POB 696, Palestine
| | - David Arráez-Román
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva, 18071 Granada, Spain; Functional Food Research and Development Centre (CIDAF), PTS Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento, Edificio Bioregión, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Segura-Carretero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva, 18071 Granada, Spain; Functional Food Research and Development Centre (CIDAF), PTS Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento, Edificio Bioregión, 18016 Granada, Spain.
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27
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Shidfar F, Rahideh ST, Rajab A, Khandozi N, Hosseini S, Shidfar S, Mojab F. The Effect of Sumac (Rhus coriaria L.)Powder on Serum Glycemic Status, ApoB, ApoA-I and Total Antioxidant Capacity in Type 2 Diabetic Patients. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2014; 13:1249-55. [PMID: 25587314 PMCID: PMC4232791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) is used as an herbal remedy in traditional medicine. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of sumac (R. coriaria) on serum glycemic status, apolipoprotein (apo) B, apoA-I and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in type 2 diabetic patients. This double blind randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 41type 2 diabetic volunteers randomly assigned into 3g/day sumac powder (n=22) or placebo (n=19) groups over 3 months. Blood samples were collected before and after the intervention. Serum glucose and HbA1c were measured using enzymatic and turbidimetric inhibition immunoassay methods, respectively. ApoB, apoA-I and TAC were determined using turbidimetric immunoassay and spectrophotometric methods, respectively. There were significant decreases in serum glucose and HbA1c and also apoB levels at the end of study compared with initial values (P< 0.0001, P= 0.002 and P< 0.0001,respectively). Also, there was a significant difference in HbA1c and TAC levels between placebo and sumac groups at the end of study (P< 0.05).In sumac group, there were significant increase in apoA-I and TAC(P< 0.0001) compared with initial values. The mean of differences of serum glucose, HbA1c, apoB, apoA-I, apoB/apoA-I ratio and TAC between groups were significant (P< 0.05). In conclusion, these results showed the favorite effect of sumac consumption on serum glycemic status, apoB, apoA-I and TAC levels in in type 2 diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Shidfar
- Research Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyedeh Tayebeh Rahideh
- Research Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. ,
| | | | - Nafise Khandozi
- Research Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Shahrzad Shidfar
- University of Massachusetts, Worcester Memorial Hospital, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Faraz Mojab
- School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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