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Haddou M, Elbouzidi A, Taibi M, Baraich A, Loukili EH, Bellaouchi R, Saalaoui E, Asehraou A, Salamatullah AM, Bourhia M, Nafidi HA, Addi M, Guerrouj BE, Chaabane K. Exploring the multifaceted bioactivities of Lavandula pinnata L. essential oil: promising pharmacological activities. Front Chem 2024; 12:1383731. [PMID: 38660570 PMCID: PMC11041020 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1383731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: This study investigates the biological activities of Lavandula pinnata essential oil (LPEO), an endemic lavender species from the Canary Islands, traditionally used in treating various ailments. Methods: LPEO was extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed using GC-MS. Antioxidant activity was assessed by DPPH radical scavenging and total antioxidant capacity assays. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated by disc diffusion, MIC, MBC, and MFC determination against bacterial (Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and fungal (Candida glabrata, Rhodotorula glutinis, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium digitatum) strains. Antidiabetic and anti-gout potential were investigated through α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and xanthine oxidase inhibition assays. Antityrosinase activity was determined using a modified dopachrome method. Cytotoxicity was assessed by MTT assay against breast (MCF-7, MDA-MB-468), liver (HepG2), colon (HCT-15) cancer cells, and normal cells (PBMCs). Results and discussion: LPEO exhibits potent antiradical activity (IC50 = 148.33 ± 2.48 μg/mL) and significant antioxidant capacity (TAC = 171.56 ± 2.34 μg AA/mg of EO). It demonstrates notable antibacterial activity against four strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) with inhibition zones ranging from 18.70 ± 0.30 mm to 29.20 ± 0.30 mm, along with relatively low MIC and MBC values. LPEO displays significant antifungal activity against four strains (Candida glabrata, Rhodotorula glutinis, Aspergillus niger, and Penicillium digitatum) with a fungicidal effect at 1 mg/mL, surpassing the positive control (cycloheximide), and MIC and MFC values indicating a fungicidal effect. It exhibits substantial inhibition of xanthine oxidase enzyme (IC50 = 26.48 ± 0.90 μg/mL), comparable to allopurinol, and marked inhibitory effects on α-amylase (IC50 = 31.56 ± 0.46 μg/mL) and α-glucosidase (IC50 = 58.47 ± 2.35 μg/mL) enzymes.The enzyme tyrosinase is inhibited by LPEO (IC50 = 29.11 ± 0.08 mg/mL). LPEO displays moderate cytotoxic activity against breast, liver, and colon cancer cells, with low toxicity towards normal cells (PBMC). LPEO exhibits greater selectivity than cisplatin for breast (MCF-7) and colon (HCT-15) cancer cells but lower selectivity for liver (HepG2) and metastatic breast (MDA-MB-468) cancer cells. These findings suggest the potential of LPEO as an antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-gout, antidiabetic, and anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounir Haddou
- Laboratoire d’Amélioration des Productions Agricoles, Biotechnologie et Environnement (LAPABE), Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda, Morocco
- Centre de l’Oriental des Sciences et Technologies de l’Eau et de l’Environnement (COSTEE), Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Amine Elbouzidi
- Laboratoire d’Amélioration des Productions Agricoles, Biotechnologie et Environnement (LAPABE), Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda, Morocco
- Euro-Mediterranean University of Fes (UEMF), Fes, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Taibi
- Laboratoire d’Amélioration des Productions Agricoles, Biotechnologie et Environnement (LAPABE), Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda, Morocco
- Centre de l’Oriental des Sciences et Technologies de l’Eau et de l’Environnement (COSTEE), Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Abdellah Baraich
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco
| | | | - Reda Bellaouchi
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Ennouaamane Saalaoui
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Abdeslam Asehraou
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Ahmad Mohammad Salamatullah
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Bourhia
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Natural Resources Valorization, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Hiba-Allah Nafidi
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Mohamed Addi
- Laboratoire d’Amélioration des Productions Agricoles, Biotechnologie et Environnement (LAPABE), Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Bouchra El Guerrouj
- Laboratoire d’Amélioration des Productions Agricoles, Biotechnologie et Environnement (LAPABE), Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda, Morocco
- Centre de l’Oriental des Sciences et Technologies de l’Eau et de l’Environnement (COSTEE), Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Khalid Chaabane
- Laboratoire d’Amélioration des Productions Agricoles, Biotechnologie et Environnement (LAPABE), Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda, Morocco
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Radu CM, Radu CC, Arbănaşi EM, Hogea T, Murvai VR, Chiș IA, Zaha DC. Exploring the Efficacy of Novel Therapeutic Strategies for Periodontitis: A Literature Review. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:468. [PMID: 38672739 PMCID: PMC11050937 DOI: 10.3390/life14040468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis, a prevalent oral condition, is facing difficulties in therapeutic approaches, sometimes leading to failure. This literature review was conducted to investigate the diversity of other therapeutic approaches and their potential contributions to the successful management of the disease. This research scrutinized the alterations in microbial diversity and imbalances in crucial microbial species, which contribute significantly to the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Within the limitations of this study, we highlight the importance of understanding the treatment plan's role in periodontitis disease, opening the way for further research and innovative treatment plans to mitigate the impact of periodontitis on oral health. This will aid both healthcare professionals and patients in preventing and effectively treating periodontitis, ultimately improving oral health outcomes and overall systemic health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casandra-Maria Radu
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 1 University Street, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Carmen Corina Radu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, 540141 Targu Mures, Romania
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Emil-Marian Arbănaşi
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
- Clinic of Vascular Surgery, Mureș County Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
- Department of Vascular Surgery, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Timur Hogea
- Department of Forensic Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, 540141 Targu Mures, Romania
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Viorela Romina Murvai
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 1 University Street, 410087 Oradea, Romania
- Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 1 December Sq, 410028 Oradea, Romania
| | - Ioana-Andreea Chiș
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dana Carmen Zaha
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 1 University Street, 410087 Oradea, Romania
- Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 1 December Sq, 410028 Oradea, Romania
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Elsherief MF, Devecioglu D, Saleh MN, Karbancioglu-Guler F, Capanoglu E. Chitosan/alginate/pectin biopolymer-based Nanoemulsions for improving the shelf life of refrigerated chicken breast. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130213. [PMID: 38365158 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the use of nanoemulsions and various polymer coatings to enhance the quality and shelf life of chicken breast. This comprehensive study explored the antibacterial activity of essential oils (EOs) against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, as well as the characterization of nanoemulsions (Nes) and nanoemulsion-based coatings. The antimicrobial potential of EOs, such as cinnamon, tea tree, jojoba, thyme, and black cumin seed oil, was evaluated against microorganisms, and thyme oil exhibited the highest inhibitory effect, followed by cinnamon and tea tree oil by disk diffusion analysis. The MIC and MBC values of EOs were found between 0.16-2.5 mg/mL and 0.16-5 mg/mL, respectively, while thyme EO resulted in the lowest values showing its antimicrobial potential. Then, the essential oil nanoemulsions (EONe) and their coatings, formulated with thyme oil, alginate, chitosan, and pectin, were successfully characterized. Optical microscope observations confirmed the uniform distribution of droplets in all (EONe), while particle size analysis demonstrated multimodal droplet size distributions. The EONe-chitosan coating showed the highest efficacy in reducing cooking loss, while the EONe-chitosan, EONe-alginate, and EONe-pectin coatings displayed promising outcomes in preserving color stability. Microbial analysis revealed the significant inhibitory effects of the EONe-chitosan coating against mesophilic bacteria, psychrophilic bacteria, and yeasts, leading to an extended shelf life of chicken breast. These results suggest the potential application of thyme oil and NE-based coatings in various industries for antimicrobial activity and quality preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai F Elsherief
- Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt; Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Dilara Devecioglu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Mohamed N Saleh
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Türkiye; Food Technology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Funda Karbancioglu-Guler
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Esra Capanoglu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Türkiye.
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Salem SS, Elsayed HE, Shabana S, Khazaal MT, Moharram FA. Phytochemical profile and antimicrobial activity of essential oils from two Syzygium species against selected oral pathogens. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:448. [PMID: 38087292 PMCID: PMC10714517 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04277-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genus Syzygium (Myrtaceae) comprises several essential oil-rich species that are utilized traditionally for treating tooth infections and toothache. The current study aimed to extract essential oils (EOs) from the leaves of Syzygium samarangense and Syzygium malaccense cultivated in Egypt for the first time and screen their antimicrobial potential against oral-related pathogens. METHODS The intended EOs were extracted using hydrodistillation (HD) by boiling fresh leaves with distilled water; supercritical fluid (SF) by extracting the dried leaves using supercritical CO2 at 40 °C and 150 bar; and the headspace (HS) in which the fresh leaves were heated in a glass vial and the vaporized aroma were analyzed. The volatile constituents were analyzed using GC/MS and identified by comparing the experimental Kovats' retention indices with the literature. The antimicrobial activity was assessed against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans using agar diffusion, microwell dilution, and biofilm formation assays. Statistical significance (p < 0.05) was determined by applying one-way ANOVA and Duncan's post hoc test. RESULTS The yield of the extracted EOs differs between the applied methods, and the SF approach harvested the maximum (0.52-0.46%). The GC-MS analysis of SF EOs revealed a discrepancy between the two species. Since S. malaccense showed an abundance of hydrocarbons represented mainly by squalene (60.60%), S. samarangense was deemed to have oxygenated sesquiterpenes exemplified in globulol (52.09%). On the other side, the HD and HS EOs were sequentially comparable, while differed in the percentage of their majors. γ-terpinene (33.06%) pioneered the HS-derived aroma of S. malaccense, while S. samarangense was abundant with α-pinene (30.18%). Concurrently, the HD EOs of S. malaccense and S. samarangense were commonly denoted by caryophyllene oxide (8.19%-18.48%), p-cymene (16.02%- 19.50%), and γ-terpinene (12.20%-17.84). Ultimately, both species EOs exhibited broad-spectrum antimicrobial potential, although the HD EO was more potent than the SF EO. The HD EOs of both species potently inhibited the growth of E. coli (MIC 3.75 µL/mL) and suppressed C. albicans biofilm formation by 83.43 and 87.27%, respectively. The SF-EOs efficiently suppressed the biofilm formation of Gram-positive bacteria by 76.45%-82.95%. CONCLUSION EOs extracted from both species by different methods possessed a unique blend of volatile components with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. They were promoted as bioactive hits for controlling oral infections, however further investigations concerning their safety in clinical settings are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar S Salem
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, 6th October, Giza, Egypt
| | - Heba E Elsayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University. Ein Helwan, Cairo, 11795, Egypt.
| | - Samah Shabana
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, 6th October, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed T Khazaal
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Ein Helwan, Cairo, 11795, Egypt
| | - Fatma A Moharram
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University. Ein Helwan, Cairo, 11795, Egypt
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Roghanizadeh L, Akbarzadeh Baghban A, Azizzadeh J, Asgary S. A Bibliometric Study on the Top 101 Most-Cited Articles of Dental Journals of the Middle East/North Africa Countries From 2011 to 2021. J Lasers Med Sci 2023; 14:e15. [PMID: 37583497 PMCID: PMC10423963 DOI: 10.34172/jlms.2023.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: This retrospective descriptive study evaluated the Scopus-indexed dental journals and their most-cited documents affiliated with the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries from 2011 to 2021. Methods: Dental journals affiliated with MENA countries, their bibliometric indicators (SJR, CiteScore, SNIP, and H-index), and the 101 most cited articles of the considered journals were extracted and studied through descriptive statistics. In addition, the "citation per year" of each top 101 articles was calculated. Spearman's rho test was used for pairwise comparisons of the correlation coefficient values between each two of the considered bibliometric indicators. Results: The number of citations of the 101 most-cited papers ranged from 35 to 203. The mean (SD) citations of studied articles were 61.33 (37.58) and the median was 46. Furthermore, CiteScore had the highest significant correlation with SJR (r=0.828, P˂0.001). Moreover, the citation per year of the top 101 documents had no significant relationship with any of the journals' bibliometric indicators. Conclusion: Because journal performance and citation rate are multi-dimensional concepts, a single metric cannot express them thoroughly despite correlations between indices. "European Journal of Dentistry" from Turkey, "Saudi Dental Journal" from Saudi Arabia, and "Iranian Endodontic Journal" and "Journal of Lasers in Medical Sciences" both from Iran had the highest ranks in the SCImago portal and the highest scores in bibliometric indices amongst the MENA dental journals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Roghanizadeh
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Akbarzadeh Baghban
- Proteomics Research Center, Department of Biostatistics, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jila Azizzadeh
- Iranian Center for Endodontic Research, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Asgary
- Iranian Center for Endodontic Research, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Dahake PT, Joshi SS, Kale YJ, Dadpe MV, Kendre SB. Biocompatibility of Ajwain Oil Combined with Eugenol and Zinc Oxide as a Deciduous Root Canal Obturating Material: An In Vivo Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023; 16:431-436. [PMID: 37496932 PMCID: PMC10367296 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim and objectives The present study was intended to assess the biocompatibility of newly formulated materials such as zinc oxide (ZO) admixed with ajwain oil (A) as well as ajwain eugenol (E) (1:1 ratio) against ZOE through an animal model as root canal obturating materials in deciduous teeth. Materials and methods The study involved randomly selected 24 albino rats, which were divided into three groups based on test materials. Two polyethylene tubes (PETT) (8 mm long × 1 mm internal diameter) were inserted into connective tissues of the dorsal side on either side of each rat viz empty tube (negative control) and another containing test material (test group). Animals were sacrificed at the end of the 7th and 21st days. PETT with surrounding connective tissues were excised. Histopathological evaluations of the material's biocompatibility were done by determining inflammatory tissue responses. Non-parametric tests such as Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U were used for statistical analysis (p < 0.05). Results Histopathological examination on the 7th day showed increased polymorphonuclear cells for all test materials compared to the negative control (p = 0.92), suggesting acute inflammation. The inflammation subsided gradually after 21 days (p = 0.48). The lymphocytes increased after 21 days for all the materials indicating chronic inflammation (p = 0.79), as well as fibroblasts (p = 0.34) and capillaries (p = 0.35), indicating healing and repair. Conclusion The newly formulated obturating materials were found to be biocompatible compared to ZOE. How to cite this article Dahake PT, Joshi SS, Kale YJ, et al. Biocompatibility of Ajwain Oil Combined with Eugenol and Zinc Oxide as a Deciduous Root Canal Obturating Material: An In Vivo Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(3):431-436.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanna T Dahake
- Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Maharashtra Institute of Dental Sciences & Research (Dental College & Hospital), Latur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sphurti S Joshi
- Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Maharashtra Institute of Dental Sciences & Research (Dental College & Hospital), Latur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Yogesh J Kale
- Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Maharashtra Institute of Dental Sciences & Research (Dental College & Hospital), Latur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mahesh V Dadpe
- Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Maharashtra Institute of Dental Sciences & Research (Dental College & Hospital), Latur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shrikant B Kendre
- Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Maharashtra Institute of Dental Sciences & Research (Dental College & Hospital), Latur, Maharashtra, India
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Aodah AH, Balaha MF, Jawaid T, Khan MM, Ansari MJ, Alam A. Aegle marvels (L.) Correa Leaf Essential Oil and Its Phytoconstituents as an Anticancer and Anti- Streptococcus mutans Agent. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12050835. [PMID: 37237738 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12050835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aegle mamelons (A. marmelos) or Indian Bael leaves possess anti-cancerous and antibacterial properties and are used in the traditional medicine system for the treatment of oral infections. In the present study, the essential oil of the leaves of A. marmelos was explored for its anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-cariogenic properties. The hydro-distilled oil of A. marmelos leaves was analyzed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Monoterpene limonene (63.71%) was found to have the highest percentage after trans-2-Hydroxy-1,8-cineole and p-Menth-2,8-dien-1-ol. The MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay was used to investigate the anticancer activity of the extracted oil against human oral epidermal carcinoma (KB), and the results showed significantly higher (**** p < 0.0001) anticancer activity (45.89%) in the doxorubicin (47.87%) when compared to the normal control. The antioxidant activity of the essential oil was evaluated using methods of DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)). The results showed a significant (*** p < 0.001) percentage of inhibition of DPPH-induced free radical (70.02 ± 1.6%) and ABTS-induced free radical (70.7 ± 1.32%) at 100 µg/mL with IC50, 72.51 and 67.33 µg/mL, respectively, comparatively lower than standard compound ascorbic acid. The results of the molecular docking study of the significant compound limonene with the receptors tyrosinase and tyrosine kinase 2 supported the in vitro antioxidant potential. The anti-cariogenic activity was evaluated against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). Results showed a significant minimum inhibitor concentration of 0.25 mg/mL and the killing time was achieved at 3 to 6 h. The molecular-docking study showed that limonene inhibits the surface receptors of the S. mutans c-terminal domain and CviR protein. The study found that A. marmelos leaves have potential anti-carcinoma, antioxidant, and anti-cariogenic effects on human oral epidermal health, making them a valuable natural therapeutic agent for managing oral cancer and infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alhussain H Aodah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed F Balaha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Talha Jawaid
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 13317, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Moizuddin Khan
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh 13314, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Javed Ansari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aftab Alam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
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Vassiliou E, Awoleye O, Davis A, Mishra S. Anti-Inflammatory and Antimicrobial Properties of Thyme Oil and Its Main Constituents. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24086936. [PMID: 37108100 PMCID: PMC10138399 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyme oil (TO) is derived from the flowers of various plants belonging to the genus Thymus. It has been used as a therapeutic agent since ancient times. Thymus comprises numerous molecular species exhibiting diverse therapeutic properties that are dependent on their biologically active concentrations in the extracted oil. It is therefore not surprising that oils extracted from different thyme plants present different therapeutic properties. Furthermore, the phenophase of the same plant species has been shown to yield different anti-inflammatory properties. Given the proven efficacy of TO and the diversity of its constituents, a better understanding of the interactions of the various components is warranted. The aim of this review is to gather the latest research findings regarding TO and its components with respect to their immunomodulatory properties. An optimization of the various components has the potential to yield more effective thyme formulations with increased potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evros Vassiliou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kean University, Union, NJ 07083, USA
| | - Oreoluwa Awoleye
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kean University, Union, NJ 07083, USA
| | - Amanda Davis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kean University, Union, NJ 07083, USA
| | - Sasmita Mishra
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kean University, Union, NJ 07083, USA
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Chudzicka-Strugała I, Gołębiewska I, Brudecki G, Elamin W, Zwoździak B. Demodicosis in Different Age Groups and Alternative Treatment Options-A Review. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12041649. [PMID: 36836184 PMCID: PMC9961532 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12041649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Infestation with Demodex mites is a common occurrence, especially in adults and the elderly. More recent attention has been paid to the presence of Demodex spp. mites in children, even ones without comorbidities. It causes both dermatological and ophthalmological problems. The presence of Demodex spp. is often asymptomatic, thus it is suggested to include parasitological investigation tests in dermatological diagnostics, in addition to bacteriological analysis. Literature reports show that Demodex spp. are related to the pathogenesis of numerous dermatoses, including rosacea or demodicosis gravis, and common eye pathologies reported by patients such as dry eye syndrome or ocular surface inflammatory conditions, such as blepharitis, chalazia, Meibomian gland dysfunction, and keratitis. Treatment of patients is a challenge and is usually prolonged, therefore it is important to carefully diagnose and properly select the therapy regimen for the treatment to be successful, and with minimal side effects, especially for young patients. Apart from the use of essential oils, research is ongoing for new alternative preparations active against Demodex sp. Our review was focused on the analysis of the current literature data on the available agents in the treatment of demodicosis in adults and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Chudzicka-Strugała
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 10, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Iwona Gołębiewska
- Earth and Life Institute (ELI), Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2, 1348 Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
- Correspondence:
| | - Grzegorz Brudecki
- Group 42 (Healthcare), Masdar City, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 112778, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wael Elamin
- Group 42 (Healthcare), Masdar City, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 112778, United Arab Emirates
| | - Barbara Zwoździak
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 10, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
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10
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Radu CM, Radu CC, Bochiș SA, Arbănași EM, Lucan AI, Murvai VR, Zaha DC. Revisiting the Therapeutic Effects of Essential Oils on the Oral Microbiome. PHARMACY 2023; 11:pharmacy11010033. [PMID: 36827671 PMCID: PMC9958697 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy11010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The extensive use of antibiotics has resulted in the development of drug-resistant bacteria, leading to a decline in the efficacy of traditional antibiotic treatments. Essential oils (EOs) are phytopharmaceuticals, or plant-derived compounds, that possess beneficial properties such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antimicrobial, antiviral, bacteriostatic, and bactericidal effects. In this review, we present scientific findings on the activity of EOs as an alternative therapy for common oral diseases. This narrative review provides a deeper understanding of the medicinal properties of EOs and their application in dentistry. It not only evaluates the effectiveness of these oils as antibacterial agents against common oral bacteria but also covers general information such as composition, methods of extraction, and potential toxicity. Further nonclinical and clinical studies must be conducted to determine their potential use and safety for treating oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casandra-Maria Radu
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 1 University Street, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Carmen Corina Radu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-735852110
| | - Sergiu-Alin Bochiș
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 1 University Street, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Emil Marian Arbănași
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
- Clinic of Vascular Surgery, Mureș County Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
- Department of Vascular Surgery, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Alexandra Ioana Lucan
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 1 University Street, 410087 Oradea, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Preclinical Disciplines, University of Oradea, 1 December Sq, 410028 Oradea, Romania
| | - Viorela Romina Murvai
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 1 University Street, 410087 Oradea, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Preclinical Disciplines, University of Oradea, 1 December Sq, 410028 Oradea, Romania
| | - Dana Carmen Zaha
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 1 University Street, 410087 Oradea, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Preclinical Disciplines, University of Oradea, 1 December Sq, 410028 Oradea, Romania
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Silver Nanoparticles Phytofabricated through Azadirachta indica: Anticancer, Apoptotic, and Wound-Healing Properties. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12010121. [PMID: 36671322 PMCID: PMC9855199 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have unlocked numerous novel disciplines in nanobiotechnological protocols due to their larger surface area-to-volume ratios, which are attributed to the marked reactivity of nanosilver, and due to their extremely small size, which enables AgNPs to enter cells, interact with organelles, and yield distinct biological effects. AgNPs are capable of bypassing immune cells, staying in the system for longer periods and with a higher distribution, reaching target tissues at higher concentrations, avoiding diffusion to adjacent tissues, releasing therapeutic agents or drugs for specific stimuli to achieve a longer duration at a specific rate, and yielding desired effects. The phytofabrication of AgNPs is a cost-effective, one-step, environmentally friendly, and easy method that harnesses sustainable resources and naturally available components of plant extracts (PEs). In addition, it processes various catalytic activities for the degradation of various organic pollutants. For the phytofabrication of AgNPs, plant products can be used in a multifunctional manner as a reducing agent, a stabilizing agent, and a functionalizing agent. In addition, they can be used to curtail the requirements for any additional stabilizing agents and to help the reaction stages subside. Azadirachta indica, a very common and prominent medicinal plant grown throughout the Indian subcontinent, possesses free radical scavenging and other pharmaceutical properties via the regulation of proinflammatory enzymes, such as COX and TOX. It also demonstrates anticancer activities through cell-signaling pathways, modulating tumor-suppressing genes such as p53 and pTEN, transcriptional factors, angiogenesis, and apoptosis via bcl2 and bax. In addition, it possesses antibacterial activities. Phytofabricated AgNPs have been applied in the areas of drug delivery, bioimaging, biosensing, cancer treatment, cosmetics, and cell biology. Such pharmaceutical and biological activities of phytofabricated AgNPs are attributed to more than 300 phytochemicals found in Azadirachta indica, and are especially abundant in flavonoids, polyphenols, diterpenoids, triterpenoids, limonoids, tannins, coumarin, nimbolide, azadirachtin, azadirone, azadiradione, and gedunin. Parts of Azadirachta indica, including the leaves in various forms, have been used for wound healing or as a repellent. This study was aimed at examining previously biosynthesized (from Azadirachta indica) AgNPs for anticancer, wound-healing, and antimicrobial actions (through MTT reduction assay, scratch assay, and microbroth dilution methods, respectively). Additionally, apoptosis in cancer cells and the antibiofilm capabilities of AgNPs were examined through caspase-3 expression, dentine block, and crystal violet methods. We found that biogenic silver nanoparticles are capable of inducing cytotoxicity in HCT-116 colon carcinoma cells (IC50 of 744.23 µg/mL, R2: 0.94), but are ineffective against MCF-7 breast cancer cells (IC50 >> 1000 µg/mL, R2: 0.86). AgNPs (IC50 value) induced a significant increase in caspase-3 expression (a 1.5-fold increase) in HCT-116, as compared with control cells. FITC-MFI was 1936 in HCT-116-treated cells, as compared to being 4551 in cisplatin and 1297 in untreated cells. AgNPs (6.26 µg/mL and 62.5 µg/mL) induced the cellular migration (40.2% and 33.23%, respectively) of V79 Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts; however, the improvement in wound healing was not significant as it was for the controls. AgNPs (MIC of 10 µg/mL) were very effective against MDR Enterococcus faecalis in the planktonic mode as well as in the biofilm mode. AgNPs (10 µg/mL and 320 µg/mL) reduced the E. faecalis biofilm by >50% and >80%, respectively. Natural products, such as Syzygium aromaticum (clove) oil (MIC of 312.5 µg/mL) and eugenol (MIC of 625 µg/mL), showed significant antimicrobial effects against A. indica. Our findings indicate that A. indica-functionalized AgNPs are effective against cancer cells and can induce apoptosis in HCT-116 colon carcinoma cells; however, the anticancer properties of AgNPs can also be upgraded through active targeting (functionalized with enzymes, antibiotics, photosensitizers, or antibodies) in immunotherapy, photothermal therapy, and photodynamic therapy. Our findings also suggest that functionalized AgNPs could be pivotal in the development of a novel, non-cytotoxic, biocompatible therapeutic agent for infected chronic wounds, ulcers, and skin lesions involving MDR pathogens via their incorporation into scaffolds, composites, patches, microgels, or formulations for microneedles, dressings, bandages, gels, or other drug-delivery systems.
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12
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Candida albicans Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)-Dependent Lethality and ROS-Independent Hyphal and Biofilm Inhibition by Eugenol and Citral. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0318322. [PMID: 36394350 PMCID: PMC9769929 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03183-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is part of the normal human flora but is most frequently isolated as the causative opportunistic pathogen of candidiasis. Plant-based essential oils and their components have been extensively studied as antimicrobials, but their antimicrobial impacts are poorly understood. Phenylpropenoids and monoterpenes, for example, eugenol from clove and citral from lemon grass, are potent antifungals against a wide range of pathogens. We report the cellular response of C. albicans to eugenol and citral, alone and combined, using biochemical and microscopic assays. The MICs of eugenol and citral were 1,000 and 256 μg/mL, respectively, with the two exhibiting additive effects based on a fractional inhibitory concentration index of 0.83 ± 0.14. High concentrations of eugenol caused membrane damage, oxidative stress, vacuole segregation, microtubule dysfunction and cell cycle arrest at the G1/S phase, and while citral had similar impacts, they were reactive oxygen species (ROS) independent. At sublethal concentrations (1/2 to 1/4 MIC), both oils disrupted microtubules and hyphal and biofilm formation in an ROS-independent manner. While both compounds disrupt the cell membrane, eugenol had a greater impact on membrane dysfunction. This study shows that eugenol and citral can induce vacuole and microtubule dysfunction, along with the inhibition of hyphal and biofilm formation. IMPORTANCE Candida albicans is a normal resident on and in the human body that can cause relatively benign infections. However, when our immune system is severely compromised (e.g., cancer chemotherapy patients) or underdeveloped (e.g., newborns), this fungus can become a deadly pathogen, infecting the bloodstream and organs. Since there are only a few effective antifungal agents that can be used to combat fungal infections, these fungi have been exposed to them over and over again, allowing the fungi to develop resistance. Instead of developing antifungal agents that kill the fungi, some of which have undesirable side effects on the human host, researchers have proposed to target the fungal traits that make the fungus more virulent. Here, we show how two components of plant-based essential oils, eugenol and citral, are effective inhibitors of C. albicans virulence traits.
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Pan X, Junejo SA, Tan CP, Zhang B, Fu X, Huang Q. Effect of potassium salts on the structure of γ-cyclodextrin MOF and the encapsulation properties with thymol. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:6387-6396. [PMID: 35556247 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thymol is a natural essential oil with strong volatility, low solubility, poor dispersion, strong irritation, and an unpleasant smell, which often requires appropriate porous materials to encapsulate thymol during the application process. However, the encapsulation efficiency of thymol in inclusion complexes is low, and new methods of encapsulation need to be developed. In the present study, the encapsulation capacity, storage stability, and antibacterial activity of thymol were investigated using γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) by cocrystallization and high-temperature adsorption methods. The effect of different potassium salts (i.e. KOH, KCl, and KAc) on the structure and complexation of γ-CD-MOFs was also analyzed. RESULTS Compared with γ-CD, the thymol encapsulation capacity of γ-CD-MOFs was increased by two- to three-fold, with the encapsulation content following the order: KAc-γ-CD-MOF (293.8 mg g-1 ) > KOH-γ-CD-MOF (287.7 mg g-1 ) > KCl-γ-CD-MOF (249.3 mg g-1 ). The anions in the solution participate in the coordination and influence the symmetry relationship between atoms and ions. This explains the differences in both the three-dimensional γ-CD-MOF structure and the thymol encapsulation amount, as well as the high storage stability of thymol. CONCLUSION The in vitro release kinetics and antibacterial experiments showed that the inclusion complexes prepared by γ-CD-MOFs had higher stability, sustainability, and antibacterial activity, which suggests that it is an excellent complex material for industrial and agricultural applications. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Pan
- SCUT-Zhuhai Institute of Modern Industrial Innovation, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shahid Ahmed Junejo
- SCUT-Zhuhai Institute of Modern Industrial Innovation, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chin Ping Tan
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Bin Zhang
- SCUT-Zhuhai Institute of Modern Industrial Innovation, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiong Fu
- SCUT-Zhuhai Institute of Modern Industrial Innovation, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Huang
- SCUT-Zhuhai Institute of Modern Industrial Innovation, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou, China
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14
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Studies in instant water disinfection using natural oils. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Reduction of SARS-CoV-2 viral load in exhaled air by antiseptic chewing gum: a pilot trial. Infection 2022:10.1007/s15010-022-01944-2. [PMID: 36260282 PMCID: PMC9580426 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-022-01944-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The dominant route of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is airborne, through respiratory transmission by aerosols or droplets which can be measured by viral load in exhaled air. Several natural substances have shown antiviral activity. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the effect of a chewing gum containing natural antiseptic ingredients (cinnamon-, peppermint- and lemon-oil, quercetin, spermidine, ginger and ginseng) on viral load in exhalative air in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. METHODS Nine patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 were enrolled and exhaled forcefully into a special mouthpiece at different time points before and after chewing the antiseptic gum. The mouthpiece contained a filter paper serving for extraction of coronaviruses following real-time PCR to quantify the viral load. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Cycle threshold (Ct) values of all patients increased after chewing the gum. The mean difference between the Ct values at baseline (before chewing the antiseptic gum) and time point 30 min (15 min after chewing) was 3.8 ± 2.6; (93% viral load reduction; p = 0.002). Time point 15 min (2.7 ± 1.7 (83% viral load reduction; p = 0.003)), 60 min (3.0 ± 3.4 (88% viral load reduction; p = 0.028)), 90 min (3.7 ± 1.8 (92% viral load reduction; p = 0.004)) and 120 min (3.0 ± 3.7 (91% viral load reduction; p = 0.05)) showed similar results. The antiseptic chewing gum demonstrated a significant potential to reduce SARS-CoV-2 viral load in exhalative air and, in this way, reduce further spread and infection risk. Larger placebo-controlled clinical trials are required to confirm these findings further.
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16
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Pelvan E, Serhatlı M, Karaoğlu Ö, Karadeniz B, Pembeci Kodolbaş C, Aslı Öncü N, Çakırca G, Damarlı E, Başdoğan G, Mergen Duymaz G, Emir Akyıldız İ, Düz G, Acar S, Özhan Y, Sipahi H, Charehsaz M, Aydın A, Yesilada E, Alasalvar C. Development of propolis and essential oils containing oral/throat spray formulation against SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Funct Foods 2022; 97:105225. [PMID: 35996534 PMCID: PMC9385731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A broad range of evidence has confirmed that natural products and essential oils might have the potential to suppress COVID-19 infection. Therefore, this study aimed to develop an oral/throat spray formulation for prophylactic use in the oral cavity or help treatment modalities. Based on a reference survey, several essential oils, a cold-pressed oil, and propolis were selected, and cytotoxicity and antiviral activity of each component and the developed spray formulation were examined against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection using Vero E6 cells. Anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and analgesic activities as well as mutagenicity and anti-mutagenicity of the formulation were analysed. Forty-three phenolics were identified in both propolis extract and oral/throat spray. The spray with 1:640-fold dilution provided the highest efficacy and the cytopathic effect was delayed for 54 h at this dilution, and the antiviral activity rate was 85.3%. A combination of natural products with essential oils at the right concentrations can be used as a supplement for the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Pelvan
- Life Sciences, TÜBİTAK Marmara Research Center, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Müge Serhatlı
- Life Sciences, TÜBİTAK Marmara Research Center, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Öznur Karaoğlu
- Life Sciences, TÜBİTAK Marmara Research Center, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Bülent Karadeniz
- Life Sciences, TÜBİTAK Marmara Research Center, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey
| | | | - Neşe Aslı Öncü
- Life Sciences, TÜBİTAK Marmara Research Center, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Gamze Çakırca
- Life Sciences, TÜBİTAK Marmara Research Center, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Gebze Technical University, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Emel Damarlı
- Altıparmak Gıda San. & Tic. A.Ş, Çekmeköy-Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Günay Başdoğan
- Altıparmak Gıda San. & Tic. A.Ş, Çekmeköy-Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | | | - Gamze Düz
- Altıparmak Gıda San. & Tic. A.Ş, Çekmeköy-Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sezer Acar
- Altıparmak Gıda San. & Tic. A.Ş, Çekmeköy-Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yağmur Özhan
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, Ataşehir-Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hande Sipahi
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, Ataşehir-Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mohammad Charehsaz
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, Ataşehir-Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Aydın
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, Ataşehir-Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erdem Yesilada
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, Ataşehir-Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cesarettin Alasalvar
- Life Sciences, TÜBİTAK Marmara Research Center, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey,Corresponding author
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Robu A, Antoniac A, Ciocoiu R, Grosu E, Rau JV, Fosca M, Krasnyuk II, Pircalabioru GG, Manescu (Paltanea) V, Antoniac I, Gradinaru S. Effect of the Antimicrobial Agents Peppermint Essential Oil and Silver Nanoparticles on Bone Cement Properties. Biomimetics (Basel) 2022; 7:biomimetics7030137. [PMID: 36134941 PMCID: PMC9496347 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics7030137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The main problems directly linked with the use of PMMA bone cements in orthopedic surgery are the improper mechanical bond between cement and bone and the absence of antimicrobial properties. Recently, more research has been devoted to new bone cement with antimicrobial properties using mainly antibiotics or other innovative materials with antimicrobial properties. In this paper, we developed modified PMMA bone cement with antimicrobial properties proposing some experimental antimicrobial agents consisting of silver nanoparticles incorporated in ceramic glass and hydroxyapatite impregnated with peppermint oil. The impact of the addition of antimicrobial agents on the structure, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility of new PMMA bone cements was quantified. It has been shown that the addition of antimicrobial agents improves the flexural strength of the traditional PMMA bone cement, while the yield strength values show a decrease, most likely because this agent acts as a discontinuity inside the material rather than as a reinforcing agent. In the case of all samples, the addition of antimicrobial agents had no significant influence on the thermal stability. The new PMMA bone cement showed good biocompatibility and the possibility of osteoblast proliferation (MTT test) along with a low level of cytotoxicity (LDH test).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Robu
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei Street, District 6, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Aurora Antoniac
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei Street, District 6, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Robert Ciocoiu
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei Street, District 6, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elena Grosu
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei Street, District 6, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Julietta V. Rau
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISM-CNR), Via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical, Physical and Colloid Chemistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya 8, Build. 2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Marco Fosca
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISM-CNR), Via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Ivan I. Krasnyuk
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical, Physical and Colloid Chemistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya 8, Build. 2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Gratiela Gradisteanu Pircalabioru
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, University of Bucharest, 90 Soseaua, Panduri, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 54 Splaiul Independentei Street, District 5, 050094 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Veronica Manescu (Paltanea)
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei Street, District 6, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, District 6, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Iulian Antoniac
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei Street, District 6, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 54 Splaiul Independentei Street, District 5, 050094 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Sebastian Gradinaru
- Faculty of General Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
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Antimicrobial and Anti-Biofilm Activities of Thymus fallax Essential Oil against Oral Pathogens. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/9744153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aim. Oral infections associated with a wide diversity of microorganisms, including bacteria and yeasts, occur frequently in humans, affecting the whole oral cavity and well-being. Oral pathogens easily grow and propagate in the oral cavity, leading to the formation of dental plaque on both soft and hard tissue. The oral cavity contains up to 700 different species of microorganisms, which Candida and Streptococci are the most common organisms. Oral diseases continue to increase despite the best efforts of the medical and scientific communities. During the past decades, drug resistance to common antibiotics used in the treatment of oral infections has been raised to high levels worldwide. To overcome such resistance, there is a growing tendency to use herbal medicine as alternative. This study was conducted to find out the chemical constitution of Thymus fallax (T. fallax) essential oil and to determine its antimicrobial and anti-biofilm efficacy against common oral pathogens. Materials and Methods. The chemical compositions of the essential oil distilled from T. fallax plants were analyzed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing against common Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Staphylococcus, and Candida strains was assessed by broth microdilution in 96-well plates as suggested by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) methods. Biofilm growth and development were assessed using XTT reduction assay. Results. Based on the GC/MS test results, thymol (67.75%) followed by caryophyllene (E-) (7.27%) was the main component of this essential oil. T. fallax inhibited the growth of examined microbial pathogens at concentrations of 0.031-16 μL/mL. Also, the essential oil showed biofilm inhibition of greater than 95% in the concentration of 8 μL/mL against all tested bacterial strains as well as Candida albicans (
value < 0.05). Conclusions. Considering the significant antimicrobial activities of T. fallax, this essential oil has the potential to be used as further antimicrobial and anti-biofilm pharmaceutical products in the control and treatment of oral infections.
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Singhania A, Sathe S, Ranka R, Godbole S. Individual and Synergistic Effects of Tea Tree Oil and Neem Extract on Candida albicans Adhesion to Denture Soft Liner. Cureus 2022; 14:e27869. [PMID: 36110485 PMCID: PMC9462589 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.27869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation is present in denture stomatitis. Denture stomatitis's etiology is complex, but there is evidence that it is brought on by Candida albicans growing in biofilms on its surface. Objective This study aimed to examine and assess the effectiveness of several herbal products, such as tea tree oil and neem extracts, on Candida albicans adhesion to denture soft liners. Method Each wall of the tissue culture plate was filled with 30 acrylic blocks lined with soft liners, followed by the addition of 0.1 ml of the standardized Candida albicans suspension, which was then left to incubate for 48 hours. Each specimen was placed in a disinfectant solution for 10 minutes. A colony was counted after 0.1ml of the solution was plated on a sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) plate and cultured for 72 hours. Data were compared using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. Results The mean colony forming units (CFU) per ml for combined tea tree oil and neem extract was least (0.40), followed by tea tree oil (2.30), followed by neem extract (30.33). The treated blocks were effective in reducing the growth of Candida albicans. Conclusion Combining tea tree oil and neem extract significantly reduced the growth of Candida albicans, suggesting a new form of intraoral effective antifungal treatment.
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Didehdar M, Chegini Z, Shariati A. Eugenol: A novel therapeutic agent for the inhibition of Candida species infection. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:872127. [PMID: 36016558 PMCID: PMC9395595 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.872127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The high occurrence and mortality rates related to candidiasis emphasize the urgent need to introduce new therapeutic approaches to treat this infection. Eugenol, the main phenolic component of Clove and Cinnamomum essential oil, has been used to inhibit growth and different virulence factors of Candida, including strains with decreased susceptibility to antifungals, particularly fluconazole. The results showed that this compound could bind to Candida membrane and decrease ergosterol biosynthesis, consequently leading to cell wall and membrane damage. Additionally, eugenol not only reduced germ tube formation, which reduces nutrient absorption from host tissues, but it also increased the levels of lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species, which induces oxidative stress and causes high permeability in the fungal cell membrane. Eugenol inhibited Candida cells’ adhesion capacity; additionally, this compound inhibited the formation of biofilms and eliminated established Candida biofilms on a variety of surfaces. Furthermore, by disrupting fungal cell integrity, eugenol could boost the entry of the antifungal drugs into the Candida cell, improving treatment efficacy. Therefore, eugenol could be used in the clinical management of various presentations of candidiasis, especially mucocutaneous presentations such as oral and vulvovaginal infections. However, further investigations, including in vivo and animal studies, toxicology studies and clinical trials, as well as molecular analysis, are needed to improve formulations and develop novel antifungal agents based on eugenol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Didehdar
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Zahra Chegini
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Aref Shariati
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
- *Correspondence: Aref Shariati,
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Yu WW, Goh R, Cheong E, Guan G, Jin C, Cannon RD, Farella M, Mei L. Prevalence of halitosis among young adults in Dunedin, New Zealand. Int J Dent Hyg 2022; 20:700-707. [PMID: 35924391 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the prevalence of halitosis in young adults. METHODS Young adults (n = 372; mean age = 21.0 ± 2.6 years old, range = 18-30 years) in Dunedin, New Zealand were recruited into the cross sectional study after providing informed consent. The prevalence of halitosis was determined using both objective measurements (parts per billion [ppb] volatile sulphur compounds [VSCs] in the exhaled air) and subjective measurements (self-reported halitosis questionnaire, tongue coating index, and organoleptic assessment). RESULTS VSC measurements indicated that the prevalence of halitosis (values ≥ 140 ppb) was 31.2%; 25.6% of participants self-reported halitosis. The organoleptic assessment revealed that 14.3% of the participants had a score of ≥2. A positive correlation was found between the VSC measurements and organoleptic assessment (p < 0.05). No significant relationship was found between self-reported halitosis and either organoleptic assessment or VSC measurements. Self-reported dry mouth, smoking, oral hygiene index, DMFT index, and tongue coating score were significantly associated with the organoleptic assessment (p < 0.05). The self-reported dry mouth, mouth breathing and tongue coating score were significantly associated with the VSC scores (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Halitosis, as represented by VSC, was found in 31.2% of the participants. VSC scores and organoleptic assessment were positively correlated. There was no significant relationship between self-reported halitosis and either organoleptic assessment or VSC measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing Wan Yu
- Department of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Rayner Goh
- Department of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Esther Cheong
- Department of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Guangzhao Guan
- Department of Oral Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Carrol Jin
- Department of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Richard D Cannon
- Department of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Mauro Farella
- Department of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Li Mei
- Department of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Dutt Y, Pandey RP, Dutt M, Gupta A, Vibhuti A, Samuel Raj V, Chang CM, Priyadarshini A. Synthesis and Biological Characterization of Phyto-Fabricated Silver Nanoparticles from Azadirachta indica. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2022.3402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) have garnered a lot of interest in sectors like medicine, cosmetics, food, and pharmaceuticals for antibacterial catalytic properties, reduced toxicity, and easy production. Biological synthesis of silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) is considered as green, eco-friendly,
and cost-effective approach; therefore, Azadirachta indica extracts were utilized for a dual role of fabrication and functionalization of AgNPs. Optical and physical characterizations were achieved for confirming the biosynthesized AgNPs. SEM images detected quasi-spherical AgNPs of
44.04 to 66.50 nm. Some of potent phytochemicals like flavonoids and proteins from Azadirachta indica formed a strong coating or capping on the AgNPs without affecting their secondary structure by interacting with Ag+ and NPs for the formation of AgNPs. AgNPs exhibited strong
antibacterial activity (MIC 10 μg/ml) against multidrug-resistant bacteria Enterococcus faecalis; at different concentrations, no IC50 values were recorded for AgNPs as well as Azadirachta indica signifying low cytotoxicity in the exposed concentration range. The DNA
degradation activity of AgNPs through the TUNEL assay revealed no significant increase in the overall FITC mean fluorescence intensity as well as a DNA fragmentation index with 5.45% DNA damage (10 μg/ml AgNPs). Drug uptake of AgNPs was also investigated through a permeability assay
via Caco-2 cell lines at test concentrations where apparent permeability was detected as moderate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Dutt
- Department of Microbiology, SRM University, 39, Rajiv Gandhi Education City, Post Office P.S. Rai, Sonepat, Haryana 131029, India
| | - Ramendra Pati Pandey
- Department of Microbiology, SRM University, 39, Rajiv Gandhi Education City, Post Office P.S. Rai, Sonepat, Haryana 131029, India
| | - Mamta Dutt
- Mamta Dental Clinic, Opposite Sector 29, Main Badkhal Road, Faridabad, Haryana 121002, India
| | - Archana Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM University, 39, Rajiv Gandhi Education City, Post Office P.S. Rai, Sonepat, Haryana 131029, India
| | - Arpana Vibhuti
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM University, 39, Rajiv Gandhi Education City, Post Office P.S. Rai, Sonepat, Haryana 131029, India
| | - V. Samuel Raj
- Department of Microbiology, SRM University, 39, Rajiv Gandhi Education City, Post Office P.S. Rai, Sonepat, Haryana 131029, India
| | - Chung-Ming Chang
- Master & Ph.D. Program in Biotechnology Industry, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist. Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Anjali Priyadarshini
- Department of Microbiology, SRM University, 39, Rajiv Gandhi Education City, Post Office P.S. Rai, Sonepat, Haryana 131029, India
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Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) Essential Oils Prepared at Different Plant Phenophases on Pseudomonas aeruginosa LPS-Activated THP-1 Macrophages. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071330. [PMID: 35883820 PMCID: PMC9311800 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) essential oil (TEO) is widely used as an alternative therapy especially for infections of the upper respiratory tract. TEO possesses antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal properties. The emerging antibiotic resistance of bacterial strains, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, has prompted the urge to find alternative treatments. In the present study, we examined the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of thymol, the main compound of TEO, and two TEOs prepared at the beginning and at the end of the flowering period that may make these oils promising candidates as complementary or alternative therapies against P. aeruginosa infections. The activity measurements of the antioxidant enzymes peroxidase (PX), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) as well as the determination of total antioxidant capacity of P. aeruginosa-activated THP-1 cells revealed that thymol and both TEOs increased CAT and SOD activity as well as the antioxidant capacity of the THP-1 cells. The measurements of the proinflammatory cytokine mRNA expression and secreted protein level of LPS-activated THP-1 cells showed that from the two TEOs, only TEO prepared at the beginning of the flowering period acted as a potent inhibitor of the synthesis of IL-6, IL-8, IL-β, and TNF-α. Our results suggest that not only thymol, but also the synergism or the antagonistic effects of the additional compounds of the essential oils are responsible for the anti-inflammatory activity of TEOs.
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Romo-Rico J, Krishna SM, Bazaka K, Golledge J, Jacob MV. Potential of plant secondary metabolite-based polymers to enhance wound healing. Acta Biomater 2022; 147:34-49. [PMID: 35649506 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
There is a global epidemic of non-healing wounds. Chronic inflammation, overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress and bacterial infection are implicated in delayed wound healing. Natural extracts are a rich source of bioactive molecules called plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) that include terpenes and phenols. These molecules may facilitate wound healing through their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activity. After briefly outlining the process of wound healing and how it is compromised in chronic wounds, this review focuses on investigating how PSMs-based polymers may improve wound healing. Best methods for incorporating PSMs into wound dressings are reviewed and critically compared. The exiting body of literature strongly suggests that PSMs-based polymers incorporated into wound dressings could have clinical value in aiding wound healing. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Chronic wounds develop by the persistence of inflammation, oxidative stress and infection. Chronic wounds affect the worldwide population, by reducing quality of life of patients with significant cost to healthcare systems. To help chronic wounds to heal and overcome this burden, materials with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antibacterial properties are required. Plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) are volatile materials that have all these properties. PSMs-based polymers can be fabricated by polymerization techniques. The present review provides an overview of the state-of-the-art of the wound healing mechanisms of PSMs. Current developments in the field of PSMs-based polymers are reviewed and their potential use as wound dressings is also covered.
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Applications of Essential Oils as Antibacterial Agents in Minimally Processed Fruits and Vegetables—A Review. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10040760. [PMID: 35456810 PMCID: PMC9032070 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10040760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial foodborne diseases are a major health concern. In this regard, one of the major risk factors is related to consumer preferences for “ready-to-eat” or minimally processed (MP) fruits and vegetables. Essential oil (EO) is a viable alternative used to reduce pathogenic bacteria and increase the shelf-life of MP foods, due to the health risks associated with food chlorine. Indeed, there has been increased interest in using EO in fresh produce. However, more information about EO applications in MP foods is necessary. For instance, although in vitro tests have defined EO as a valuable antimicrobial agent, its practical use in MP foods can be hampered by unrealistic concentrations, as most studies focus on growth reductions instead of bactericidal activity, which, in the case of MP foods, is of utmost importance. The present review focuses on the effects of EO in MP food pathogens, including the more realistic applications. Overall, due to this type of information, EO could be better regarded as an “added value” to the food industry.
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Schweitzer B, Balázs VL, Molnár S, Szögi-Tatár B, Böszörményi A, Palkovics T, Horváth G, Schneider G. Antibacterial Effect of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) against the Aetiological Agents of Pitted Keratolyis. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27041423. [PMID: 35209211 PMCID: PMC8878996 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pitted keratolysis (PK) is a bacterial skin infection mostly affecting the pressure-bearing areas of the soles, causing unpleasant symptoms. Antibiotics are used for therapy, but the emergence of antiobiotic resistance, makes the application of novel topical therapeutic agents necessary. The antibacterial effects of 12 EOs were compared in the first part of this study against the three known aetiological agents of PK (Kytococcus sedentarius, Dermatophilus congolensis and Bacillus thuringiensis). The results of the minimal inhibitory concentration, minimal bactericidal concentration and spore-formation inhibition tests revealed that lemongrass was the most effective EO against all three bacterium species and was therefore chosen for further analysis. Seventeen compounds were identified with solid-phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS) analysis while thin-layer chromatography combined with direct bioautography (TLC-BD) was used to detect the presence of antibacterially active compounds. Citral showed a characteristic spot at the Rf value of 0.47, while the HS-SPME/GC-MS analysis of an unknown spot with strong antibacterial activity revealed the presence of α-terpineol, γ-cadinene and calamenene. Of these, α-terpineol was confirmed to possess an antimicrobial effect on all three bacterium species associated with PK. Our study supports the hypothesis that, based on their spectrum, EO-based formulations have potent antibacterial effects against PK and warrant further investigation as topical therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Schweitzer
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (B.S.); (T.P.)
| | - Viktória Lilla Balázs
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Pécs, Rókus u. 2, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (V.L.B.); (G.H.)
| | - Szilárd Molnár
- Research Institute for Viticulture and Oenology, University of Pécs, Pázmány Péter u. 4, H-7634 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - Bernadett Szögi-Tatár
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Üllői u. 26., H-1085 Budapest, Hungary; (B.S.-T.); (A.B.)
| | - Andrea Böszörményi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Üllői u. 26., H-1085 Budapest, Hungary; (B.S.-T.); (A.B.)
| | - Tamás Palkovics
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (B.S.); (T.P.)
| | - Györgyi Horváth
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Pécs, Rókus u. 2, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (V.L.B.); (G.H.)
| | - György Schneider
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (B.S.); (T.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-72-536 200 (ext. 1908)
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Primasari A, Apriyanti E, Ambardhani N, Satari MH, Herdiyati Y, Kurnia D. Formulation and Antibacterial Potential of Sarang Semut (Myrmecodia pendans) against Oral Pathogenic Bacteria: An In Vitro Study. Open Dent J 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/18742106-v16-e2112140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
Dental diseases are generally caused by oral bacteria such as Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans, and Streptococcus sanguinis. These bacteria have resistance to synthetic drugs; thus, it is required to discover new antibacterial agents. Sarang Semut (Myrmecodia pendans) has been empirically used as a medicinal plant to treat various conditions, including those caused by pathogenic bacteria.
Objective:
The present study was aimed to investigate the antibacterial activity of Sarang Semut extracts against E. faecalis, S. mutans, and S. sanguinis.
Materials and Methods:
Sarang Semut was extracted with several solvents to yield n-hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water extracts. Each extract and combination were adjusted for assay with chlorhexidine, fosfomycin, and quercetin and used as positive controls.
Results:
The n-hexane extract showed activity with inhibition zone values of 7.15 and 10.45 ppm against E. faecalis and S. mutans at 1%, respectively. All combination extracts could inhibit the growth of E. faecalis and S. sanguinis. The synergistic effects resulting from the combination of extract-fosfomycin were also presented in this evaluation, with the strongest shown by water-fosfomycin against S. mutans, with inhibition zones of 28.5 mm at 1%.
Conclusion:
Sarang Semut extracts demonstrated antibacterial activity against oral pathogenic bacteria. These results offer alternative natural sources for the new antibacterial drug candidate.
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Chemical Composition, In Vitro and In Situ Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activities of Syzygium aromaticum (Clove) Essential Oil. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10102185. [PMID: 34685994 PMCID: PMC8538430 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The essential oil of Syzygium (S.) aromaticum (CEO) is known for its good biological activity. The aim of the research was to evaluate in vitro and in situ antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of the essential oil produced in Slovakia. The main components of CEO were eugenol 82.4% and (E)-caryophyllene 14.0%. The antimicrobial activity was either weak or very strong with inhibition zones ranging from 4.67 to 15.78 mm in gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and from 8.22 to 18.56 mm in yeasts and fungi. Among the tested bacteria and fungi, the lowest values of MIC were determined for Staphylococcus (S.) aureus and Penicillium (P.) expansum, respectively. The vapor phase of CEO inhibited the growth of the microscopic filamentous fungi of the genus Penicillium when tested in situ on bread. The strongest effect of mycelia inhibition in a bread model was observed against P. expansum at concentrations of 250 and 500 μL/mL. The best antimicrobial activity of CEO in the carrot model was found against P. chrysosenum. Differences between the mass spectra of Bacillus (B.) subtilis biofilms on the tested surfaces (wood, glass) and the control sample were noted from the seventh day of culture. There were some changes in mass spectra of Stenotrophomonas (S.) maltophilia, which were observed in both experimental groups from the fifth day of culture. These findings confirmed the impact of CEO on the protein structure of older biofilms. The findings indicate that, besides being safe and sensorially attractive, S. aromaticum has antimicrobial activity, which makes it a potential substitute for chemical food preservatives.
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Hosny K, Asfour H, Rizg W, Alhakamy NA, Sindi A, Alkhalidi H, Abualsunun W, Bakhaidar R, Almehmady AM, Akeel S, Ali S, Alghaith A, Alshehri S, Khallaf R. Formulation, Optimization, and Evaluation of Oregano Oil Nanoemulsions for the Treatment of Infections Due to Oral Microbiota. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:5465-5478. [PMID: 34413644 PMCID: PMC8370598 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s325625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Natural oil-based nanoemulsions (NEs) have been widely investigated in many diseases that affect the oral cavity. NEs are delivery systems that enhance the solubility of lipid therapeutics and improve their delivery to target sites; they are known as self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDSs). The current investigation's aim was to produce an oregano essential oil-based nanoemulsion (OEO-SNEDD) that would have antibacterial and antifungal effects against oral microbiota and improve oral health. Methods Several OEO-SNEDDSs were developed using different percentages of OEO (10%, 14%, and 18%), percentages of a surfactant mixture Pluracare L64:Lauroglycol FCC (18%, 32%, and 36%), Smix ratios (1:2, 1:1, and 2:1), and hydrophilic-lipophilic balances (HLBs) of the surfactant mixture (8, 10, and 12) using the Box‒Behnken design. The optimized concentration of excipients was determined using a pseudoternary phase diagram to obtain the NEs. The formulations were evaluated for their droplet size, stability index, and antibacterial and antifungal activities. Results The NEs had a droplet size of 150 to 500 nm and stability index of 47% to 95%, and the produced formulation reached antibacterial and antifungal inhibition zones of up to 19 and 17 mm, respectively. The Box‒Behnken design was adopted to get the optimum formulation, which was 18% OEO, 36% Smix, 10.29 HLB of Smix, and a 1.25:1 Smix ratio. The optimized formulation had a lower ulcer index compared with various other formulations evaluated in rats. Conclusion This study illustrated that OEO-SNEDDSs can provide good protection against oral microbial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Hosny
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Advanced Drug Delivery Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani Asfour
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Rizg
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Advanced Drug Delivery Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nabil A Alhakamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Advanced Drug Delivery Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Sindi
- Oral diagnostic sciences department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hala Alkhalidi
- Department of Clinical pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walaa Abualsunun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rana Bakhaidar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alshaimaa M Almehmady
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara Akeel
- Oral diagnostic sciences department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Ali
- Oral diagnostic sciences department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel Alghaith
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasha Khallaf
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
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Jones VA, Patel PM, Wilson C, Wang H, Ashack KA. Complementary and alternative medicine treatments for common skin diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAAD Int 2021; 2:76-93. [PMID: 34409356 PMCID: PMC8362305 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdin.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) treatments are growing in popularity as alternative treatments for common skin conditions. Objectives To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the tolerability and treatment response to CAM treatments in acne, atopic dermatitis (AD), and psoriasis. Methods PubMed/Medline and Embase databases were searched to identify eligible studies measuring the effects of CAM in acne, AD, and psoriasis. Effect size with 95% confidence interval (CI) was estimated using the random-effect model. Results The search yielded 417 articles; 40 studies met the inclusion criteria. The quantitative results of CAM treatment showed a standard mean difference (SMD) of 3.78 (95% CI [−0.01, 7.57]) and 0.58 (95% CI [−6.99, 8.15]) in the acne total lesion count, a SMD of −0.70 (95% CI [−1.19, −0.21]) in the eczema area and severity index score and a SMD of 0.94 (95% CI [−0.83, 2.71]) in the scoring of atopic dermatitis score for AD, and a SMD of 3.04 (95% CI [−0.35, 6.43]) and 5.16 (95% CI [−0.52, 10.85]) in the Psoriasis Area Severity Index score for psoriasis. Limitations Differences between the study designs, sample sizes, outcome measures, and treatment durations limit the generalizability of data. Conclusions Based on our quantitative findings we conclude that there is insufficient evidence to support the efficacy and the recommendation of CAM for acne, AD, and psoriasis.
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Key Words
- AD, atopic dermatitis
- AV, aloe vera
- CAM, complementary and alternative medicine
- CCO, coconut oil
- GT, green tea
- PASI, psoriasis area and severity index
- SCORAD, scoring of atopic dermatitis
- SMD, standardized mean difference
- SSO, sunflower seed oil
- TCS, topical corticosteroid
- TLC, total lesion count
- TTO, tea tree oil
- acne vulgaris
- aloe vera
- atopic dermatitis
- coconut oil
- colloidal oatmeal
- complementary alternative medicine
- curcumin
- eczema
- green tea
- honey
- meta-analysis
- natural ingredients
- psoriasis
- shea butter
- sunflower seed oil
- systematic review
- tea tree oil
- turmeric
- witch hazel
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia A. Jones
- Department of Dermatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Payal M. Patel
- Department of Dermatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Claire Wilson
- Department of Dermatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Hongnan Wang
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kurt A. Ashack
- Department of Dermatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Dermatology Associates of West Michigan, Grand Rapids, Michigan
- Correspondence to: Kurt A. Ashack, MD, MHS, Dermatology Associates of West Michigan, 1740 East Paris Ave SE, Grand Rapids, MI 49546.
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Beneficial Role of Antioxidant Secondary Metabolites from Medicinal Plants in Maintaining Oral Health. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071061. [PMID: 34209152 PMCID: PMC8300643 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived phytochemicals have been touted as viable substitutes in a variety of diseases. All over the world, dentists have turned to natural remedies for dental cure due to the negative possessions of certain antibacterial mediators used in dentistry. Antimicrobial and other drugs are currently in use, but they show some side effects. Since ancient times, antioxidant EOs have been used for different ailments and have grown in popularity over time. Several in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials have shown the safety and effectiveness of antioxidant essential oils (EOs) in oral health obtained from medicinal plants. The current review of literature provides a summary of secondary metabolites, more specifically EOs from 20 most commonly used medicinal plants and their applications in maintaining oral health. Dental caries and periodontal diseases are the most common and preventable global infectious diseases, with diseases of the oral cavity being considered major diseases affecting a person's health. Several clinical studies have shown a connection between oral diseases and oral microbiota. This review discusses the role of antioxidant secondary metabolites in inhibiting the growth of oral pathogens and reducing the formation of dental plaque, and as well as reducing the symptoms of oral diseases. This review article contributes a basic outline of essential oils and their healing actions.
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Stawarz-Janeczek M, Kryczyk-Poprawa A, Muszyńska B, Opoka W, Pytko-Polończyk J. Disinfectants Used in Stomatology and SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Eur J Dent 2021; 15:388-400. [PMID: 33694135 PMCID: PMC8184310 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1724154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective disinfection is a basic procedure in medical facilities, including those conducting dental surgeries, where treatments for tissue discontinuity are also performed, as it is an important element of infection prevention. Disinfectants used in dentistry and dental and maxillofacial surgery include both inorganic (hydrogen peroxide, sodium chlorite-hypochlorite) and organic compounds (ethanol, isopropanol, peracetic acid, chlorhexidine, eugenol). Various mechanisms of action of disinfectants have been reported, which include destruction of the structure of bacterial and fungal cell membranes; damage of nucleic acids; denaturation of proteins, which in turn causes inhibition of enzyme activity; loss of cell membrane integrity; and decomposition of cell components. This article discusses the most important examples of substances used as disinfectants in dentistry and presents the mechanisms of their action with particular focus on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The search was conducted in ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Scopus databases. The interest of scientists in the use of disinfectants in dental practice is constantly growing, which results in the increasing number of publications on disinfection, sterilization, and asepsis. Many disinfectants often possess several of the abovementioned mechanisms of action. In addition, disinfectant preparations used in dental practice either contain one compound or are frequently a mixture of active compounds, which increases their range and effectiveness of antimicrobial action. Currently available information on disinfectants that can be used to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection in dental practices was summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Stawarz-Janeczek
- Department of Integrated Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agata Kryczyk-Poprawa
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Bożena Muszyńska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Włodzimierz Opoka
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jolanta Pytko-Polończyk
- Department of Integrated Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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Abstract
Aim To explore the bioactivities of commercial fragrances. Materials & methods The antimicrobial activity of 25 commercial fragrances was assessed with pathogenic bacteria and fungi in vapor phase. Inflammatory response was evaluated by the measurement of cytokines. Results Several fragrances were able to kill the microorganisms. Moreover, preparations of binary mixtures of the most active fragrances showed a synergistic effect. Regarding the inflammatory response, none of the tested fragrances showed a pro-inflammatory response, but two fragrances upregulated the secretion of IL-10 from macrophages. Conclusion The antimicrobial activities of fragrances represent a new approach to control airborne pathogens.
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Acetyleugenol from Acacia nilotica (L.) Exhibits a Strong Antibacterial Activity and Its Phenyl and Indole Analogues Show a Promising Anti-TB Potential Targeting PknE/B Protein Kinases. MICROBIOLOGY RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/microbiolres12010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetyleugenol is a phytochemical compound with broad effects against infectious diseases and tumors. Here, we extracted, characterized, and elucidated the structure of acetyeugenol, for the first time, from the leaves of Acacia nilotica (L.)—a well-known medicinal plant. The broad antibacterial potential of acetyleugenol was first confirmed against seven bacterial clinical isolates, which reveal a strong activity against Proteus sp., Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumonia with similar or better zone of inhibition comparing to that of the control amoxicillin. To further investigate its effect against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, acetyleugenol and its indole and phenyl analogues were subjected to molecular docking experiments against two potential tuberculosis drug targets—MtPknE and MtPknB Ser/Thr protein kinases. The results reveal that all of the analogs have improved docking scores compared to the acetyleugenol. The indole analogues EUG-1 and EUG-3 were more effective with better docking scores for MtPknE with −11.08 and −10.05 kcal/mol, respectively. Similar results were obtained for the MtPknB. In contrast, only the EUG-2 phenyl analogue has given rise to similar docking scores for both targets. This opens the door for further comprehensive studies on these acetyleugenol analogues with in vitro and in vivo experiments to validate and get more insights into their mechanisms of action.
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Dobler D, Runkel F, Schmidts T. Effect of essential oils on oral halitosis treatment: a review. Eur J Oral Sci 2020; 128:476-486. [PMID: 33200432 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Halitosis is a very common condition which may affect up to 30% of the population. In about 90% of the cases, halitosis originates in the mouth due to inadequate plaque control, periodontal disease, dry mouth, faulty restorations, and in particular due to excessive bacterial growth. Oral malodor is mainly caused by a microbial degradation of amino acids into volatile, bad-smelling gases (volatile sulfur compounds - VSCs). Management of oral malodor is directed primarily at managing and reducing the VSC-producing bacteria count as well as masking the odor. Essential oils have been used for this purpose in traditional medicine for centuries. In the present review, data on the antimicrobial activity of essential oils against relevant oral VSC-producing bacteria are compiled and compared. Additionally, other positive aspects of essential oils with regard to oral odor are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Dobler
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen - University of Applied Sciences, Giessen, Germany
| | - Frank Runkel
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen - University of Applied Sciences, Giessen, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmidts
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen - University of Applied Sciences, Giessen, Germany
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Kowalczyk A, Przychodna M, Sopata S, Bodalska A, Fecka I. Thymol and Thyme Essential Oil-New Insights into Selected Therapeutic Applications. Molecules 2020; 25:E4125. [PMID: 32917001 PMCID: PMC7571078 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymol (2-isopropyl-5-methylphenol) belongs to the phenolic monoterpenes and mostly occurs in thyme species. It is one of the main compounds of thyme essential oil. Both thymol and thyme essential oil have long been used in traditional medicine as expectorant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antibacterial, and antiseptic agents, mainly in the treatment of the upper respiratory system. The current search for new directions of biological or therapeutic activities of natural plant substances with known structures includes thyme essential oil and thymol. Novel studies have demonstrated their antibiofilm, antifungal, antileishmanial, antiviral, and anticancer properties. Also, their new therapeutic formulations, such as nanocapsules containing these constituents, can be beneficial in medicinal practice and create opportunities for their extensive use. Extensive application of thymol and thyme essential oil in the healthcare sector is very promising but requires further research and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Kowalczyk
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.K.); (I.F.)
| | - Martyna Przychodna
- Student’s Scientific Group of Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Sylwia Sopata
- Student’s Scientific Group of Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Agnieszka Bodalska
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.K.); (I.F.)
| | - Izabela Fecka
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.K.); (I.F.)
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Tran HNH, Graham L, Adukwu EC. In vitro antifungal activity of Cinnamomum zeylanicum bark and leaf essential oils against Candida albicans and Candida auris. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:8911-8924. [PMID: 32880694 PMCID: PMC7502450 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10829-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Candida infections are a significant source of patient morbidity and mortality. Candida albicans is the most common pathogen causing Candida infections. Candida auris is a newly described pathogen that is associated with multi-drug-resistant candidiasis and candidaemia in humans. The antifungal effects of various essential oils and plant compounds have been demonstrated against human pathogenic fungi. In this study, the effect of cinnamon leaf and bark essential oils (CEOs) was determined against both C. albicans and C. auris. The disc diffusion (direct and vapour) and broth microdilution method was used to determine antifungal activity of the EOs against selected strains (C. albicans ATCC 10231, C. albicans ATCC 2091 and C. auris NCPF 8971) whilst the mode of action and haemolysin activity of the CEOs were determined using electron microscopy and light microscopy. Direct and vapour diffusion assays showed greater inhibitory activity of bark CEO in comparison with leaf CEO. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFCs) of bark CEO for all tested strains was below 0.03% (v/v), which was lower than the MICs of the leaf CEO (0.06–0.13%, v/v) dependent on the strain and the MFCs at 0.25% (v/v). In the morphological interference assays, damage to the cell membrane was observed and both CEOs inhibited hyphae formation. The haemolysin production assay showed that CEOs can reduce the haemolytic activity in the tested C. albicans and C. auris strains. At low concentrations, CEOs have potent antifungal and antihaemolytic activities in vitro against C. albicans and C. auris. Key points • Essential oils from Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume bark and leaf (CBEO and CLEO) demonstrated fungicidal properties at very low concentrations. • The antifungal activity of CBEO was greater than that of CLEO consistent with other recent published literature. • The mode of action of CBEO and CLEO was damage to the membrane of C. albicans and C. auris. • Both CBEO and CLEO inhibited the formation of hyphae and reduced haemolysin production in C. albicans and C. auris. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang N H Tran
- Faculty of Life Sciences, School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TH, UK
| | - Lee Graham
- Centre for Research in Biosciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK
| | - Emmanuel C Adukwu
- Centre for Research in Biosciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK.
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Mitwalli H, Alsahafi R, Balhaddad AA, Weir MD, Xu HHK, Melo MAS. Emerging Contact-Killing Antibacterial Strategies for Developing Anti-Biofilm Dental Polymeric Restorative Materials. Bioengineering (Basel) 2020; 7:E83. [PMID: 32751652 PMCID: PMC7552663 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering7030083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymeric materials are the first choice for restoring tooth cavities, bonding tooth-colored fillings, sealing root canal systems, and many other dental restorative applications. However, polymeric materials are highly susceptible to bacterial attachment and colonization, leading to dental diseases. Many approaches have been investigated to minimize the formation of biofilms over polymeric restorative materials and at the tooth/material interfaces. Among them, contact-killing compounds have shown promising results to inhibit dental biofilms. Contact-killing compounds can be immobilized within the polymer structure, delivering a long-lasting effect with no leaching or release, thus providing advantages compared to release-based materials. This review discusses cutting-edge research on the development of contact-killing compounds in dental restorative materials to target oral pathogens. Contact-killing compounds in resin composite restorations, dental adhesives, root canal sealers, denture-based materials, and crown cements have all demonstrated promising antibacterial properties. Contact-killing restorative materials have been found to effectively inhibit the growth and activities of several oral pathogens related to dental caries, periodontal diseases, endodontic, and fungal infections. Further laboratory optimization and clinical trials using translational models are needed to confirm the clinical applicability of this new generation of contact-killing dental restorative materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Mitwalli
- Program in Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (H.M.); (R.A.); (A.A.B.); (M.D.W.)
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashed Alsahafi
- Program in Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (H.M.); (R.A.); (A.A.B.); (M.D.W.)
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A. Balhaddad
- Program in Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (H.M.); (R.A.); (A.A.B.); (M.D.W.)
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael D. Weir
- Program in Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (H.M.); (R.A.); (A.A.B.); (M.D.W.)
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Hockin H. K. Xu
- Program in Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (H.M.); (R.A.); (A.A.B.); (M.D.W.)
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Center for Stem Cell Biology; Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Mary Anne S. Melo
- Program in Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (H.M.); (R.A.); (A.A.B.); (M.D.W.)
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Chaves RDSB, Martins RL, Rodrigues ABL, Rabelo ÉDM, Farias ALF, Brandão LB, Santos LL, Galardo AKR, de Almeida SSMDS. Evaluation of larvicidal potential against larvae of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) and of the antimicrobial activity of essential oil obtained from the leaves of Origanum majorana L. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235740. [PMID: 32678859 PMCID: PMC7367459 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the larvicidal activity of Origanum majorana Linnaeus essential oil, identified the chemical composition, evaluated the antimicrobial, cytotoxic and antioxidant potential. The larvicidal activity was evaluated against larvae of the third stage of Aedes aegypti Linaeus, whereas the chemical composition was identified by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometer, the antimicrobial activity was carried out against the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus auereus, the antioxidant activity was evaluated from of 2.2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazila sequestration and Artemia salina Leach cytotoxicity. Regarding to the results, the larvicidal activity showed that O. majorana L. essential oil caused high mortality in A. aegypti L. larvae. In the chromatographic analysis, the main component found in O. majorana L. essential oil was pulegone (57.05%), followed by the other components verbenone (16.92%), trans-p-menthan-2-one (8.57%), iso-menthone (5.58%), piperitone (2.83%), 3-octanol (2.35%) and isopulegol (1.47%). The antimicrobial activity showed that E. coli and P. aeruginosa bacteria were more sensitive to oil than S. aureus, which was resistant at all concentrations. Essential oil did not present antioxidant activity, but it has high cytotoxic activity against A. salina L.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosany Lopes Martins
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, Brasil
| | | | - Érica de Menezes Rabelo
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, Brasil
| | | | - Lethicia Barreto Brandão
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, Brasil
| | - Lizandra Lima Santos
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, Brasil
| | - Allan Kardec Ribeiro Galardo
- Laboratory of Entomology Medical of Institute of Scientific and Technological Research of the State of Amapá (IEPA), Macapá, Amapá, Brasil
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Dragland IS, Wellendorf H, Kopperud H, Stenhagen I, Valen H. Investigation on the antimicrobial activity of chitosan-modified zinc oxide-eugenol cement. Biomater Investig Dent 2019; 6:99-106. [PMID: 31998877 PMCID: PMC6964784 DOI: 10.1080/26415275.2019.1697621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Coronal leakage and reinfection after root canal therapy is an important reason for endodontic failure. Zinc oxide-eugenol (ZOE) -based materials are often used as a coronal seal to prevent secondary infection. The antibacterial effect of ZOE cement is mainly due to leaching of eugenol from the material, but the effect is reported to decrease over time. Chitosan (CH) is a natural polymer with antibacterial properties. The aim of the study was to investigate if incorporation of (CH) and chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) in a ZOE-based material improved both the immediate and sustained antibacterial properties of the material. Methods:Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus epidermidis was used to investigate the antibacterial effect of the materials in a modified direct contact test (MDCT) immediately after setting and after storage for 18 weeks in water. Leaching per week of eugenol from the materials was quantified using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The effect of eugenol on growth of bacteria was measured by reading of optical density at 600 nm after 18 h growth. Mechanical properties were investigated in a compressive strength test according to ISO 3107. Results: The present study showed that a ZOE-based material has antibacterial activity both as freshly prepared and after immersion in water for 18 weeks. Incorporating CH or COS may increase the antibacterial effect depending on the bacterial species investigated. The amount of leached eugenol did not differ between materials or during or after storage. S. mutans showed the highest susceptibility to eugenol of the three species investigated. Modification of the materials with CH or COS reduced the compressive strength, but the requirements in ISO 3017 were still met.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Håkon Valen
- Nordic Institute of Dental Materials, Oslo, Norway
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Kumar A, Khan F, Saikia D. Exploration of Medicinal Plants as Sources of Novel Anticandidal Drugs. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:2579-2592. [PMID: 31654513 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666191025155856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human infections associated with skin and mucosal surfaces, mainly in tropical and sub-tropical parts of the world. During the last decade, there have been an increasing numbers of cases of fungal infections in immunocompromised patients, coupled with an increase in the number of incidences of drug resistance and toxicity to anti fungal agents. Hence, there is a dire need for safe, potent and affordable new antifungal drugs for the efficient management of candidal infections with minimum or no side effects. INTRODUCTION Candidiasis represents a critical problem to human health and a serious concern worldwide. Due to the development of drug resistance, there is a need for new antifungal agents. Therefore, we reviewed the different medicinal plants as sources of novel anticandidal drugs. METHODS The comprehensive and detailed literature on medicinal plants was carried out using different databases, such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct and all the relevant information from the articles were analyzed and included. RESULTS Relevant Publications up to the end of November 2018, reporting anticandidal activity of medicinal plants has been included in the present review. In the present study, we have reviewed in the light of SAR and mechanisms of action of those plants whose extracts or phytomolecules are active against candida strains. CONCLUSION This article reviewed natural anticandidal drugs of plant origin and also summarized the potent antifungal bioactivity against fungal strains. Besides, mechanism of action of these potent active plant molecules was also explored for a comparative study. We concluded that the studied active plant molecules exhibit potential antifungal activity against resistant fungal strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar
- Molecular Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal & Aromatic Plants, P.O.- CIMAP, Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow -226015 (U.P.), India
| | - Feroz Khan
- Metabolic & Structural Biology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal & Aromatic Plants, P.O.- CIMAP, Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow -226015 (U.P.), India
| | - Dharmendra Saikia
- Molecular Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal & Aromatic Plants, P.O.- CIMAP, Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow -226015 (U.P.), India
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Hegazy MG, Emam MA, Khattab HI, Helal NM. Biological activity of Echinops spinosus on inhibition of paracetamol-induced renal inflammation. Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 97:176-186. [DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2018-0212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the possible mechanisms through which Echinops spinosus (ES) extract demonstrates nephroprotective effect on the paracetamol acetominophen (N-acetyl-p-aminophenol (APAP)) induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Twenty-four Swiss albino rats were divided into four groups (six rats each). The placebo group was orally administered sterile saline, the APAP group received APAP (200 mg·kg–1·day–1 i.p.) daily, the ES group was given ES extract orally (250 mg/kg), and the APAP + ES group received APAP as for the APAP group and administrated the ES extract as for the ES group. Pretreatment of methyl alcohol extract of ES reduced the protein expression of inflammatory parameters including cyclooxygenase-2 and nuclear factor κB in the kidney. It also reduced the mRNA gene expression of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β. The ES extract compensated for deficits in the total antioxidant activity, suppressed lipid peroxidation, and amended the APAP-induced histopathological kidney alterations. Moreover, ES treatment restored the elevated levels of urea nitrogen in the blood and creatinine in the serum by APAP. The ES extract attenuated the APAP-induced elevations in renal nitric oxide levels. We clarified that the ES extract has the potential to defend the kidney from APAP-induced inflammation, and the protection mechanism might be through decreasing oxidative stress and regulating the inflammatory signaling pathway through modulating key signaling inflammatory biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa G.A. Hegazy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Manal A. Emam
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hemmat I. Khattab
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nesma M. Helal
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, 11566, Cairo, Egypt
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The antimicrobial and antiadhesion activities of micellar solutions of surfactin, CTAB and CPCl with terpinen-4-ol: applications to control oral pathogens. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 34:86. [PMID: 29876752 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-018-2472-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The oral pathogen Streptococcus mutans is involved in tooth decay by a process that initiates with biofilm adhesion and caries development. The presence of other microbes such as Candida albicans may worsen the demineralization process. Since both microbes are virulent to the host and will proliferate under specific host immune deficiencies and systemic diseases, it is important to study antimicrobial substances and their effects on both pathogens. There are several antiseptic agents used to reduce plaque biofilm and its outcome (dental caries and/or periodontal disease). However, some of these have undesired effects. In the current study we investigated the antimicrobial and anti-adhesion properties of micellar solutions of surfactants and the plant natural product terpinen-4-ol (TP). The results revealed an increase in antimicrobial properties of the synthetic surfactants, cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), when mixed with TP. In addition, although surfactin, a biosurfactant, has little antimicrobial activity, it was demonstrated that it enhanced the effect of TP both as antimicrobial and anti-adhesion compound. Surfactin and the synthetic surfactants promote the antimicrobial activity of TP against S. mutans, the causal agent of tooth decay, suggesting specificity for membrane interactions that may be facilitated by surfactants. This is the first report on the successful use of surfactin in association with TP to inhibit the growth and adhesion of microbial pathogens. Surfactin has other beneficial properties besides being biodegradable, it has antiviral and anti-mycoplasma activities in addition to adjuvant properties and encapsulating capacity at low concentration.
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Volatile Oils of Nepeta tenuifolia (Jing Jie) as an Alternative Medicine against Multidrug-Resistant Pathogenic Microbes. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2018; 2018:8347403. [PMID: 29849838 PMCID: PMC5925154 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8347403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Essential oils from the dried spikes of Nepeta tenuifolia (Benth) are obtained by steam distillation. Pulegone was identified as the main component in the spikes of N. tenuifolia through analysis, with greater than 85% purity obtained in this study. The essential oils are extremely active against all Gram-positive and some Gram-negative reference bacteria, particularly Salmonella enterica, Citrobacter freundii, and Escherichia coli. The minimum inhibitory concentration was found to be between 0.08 and 0.78% (against S. enterica), 0.39 and 0.78% (against C. freundii), and 0.097 and 0.39% (against E. coli), whereas the minimum bactericidal concentration varied in range from 0.097% to 1.04%. In general, the essential oils show a strong inhibitory action against all tested reference strains and clinical isolates. However, the antibacterial activity of EOs against both Pseudomonas aeruginosa reference strains and clinical isolates was relatively lower than other Gram-negative pathogens. The essential oils of N. tenuifolia also displayed bactericidal activities (MBC/MIC < 4) in this study. These findings reflect the bactericidal activity of the essential oils against a wide range of multidrug-resistant clinical pathogens in an in vitro study. In addition, we propose the fragmentation pathways of pulegone and its derivatives by LC-ESI-MS/MS in this study.
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Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Nostoc linckia and its Antimicrobial Activity: a Novel Biological Approach. BIONANOSCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-018-0520-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Thosar NR, Chandak M, Bhat M, Basak S. Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Two Endodontic Sealers: Zinc Oxide with Thyme Oil and Zinc Oxide Eugenol against Root Canal Microorganisms- An in vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018; 11:79-82. [PMID: 29991857 PMCID: PMC6034054 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The present study was aimed to find out and compare the antimicrobial effect of the paste containing zinc oxide cement mixed with thyme oil (ZO + Th oil) with that of the paste containing zinc oxide and eugenol (ZO + E) against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, common root canal pathogens of deciduous teeth. Materials and methods An in vitro antimicrobial effect was carried out by the agar diffusion method. The ZO + Th oil paste was filled in the punched holes of Mueller Hinton agar at two equidistant points. The same was followed for ZO + E paste. For 24 hours, all the plates were incubated at a temperature of 37°C. The inhibition zones in millimeters around the wells were calculated. There were 6 times repetitions of the test for each microorganism. Data were tabulated and analyzed statistically using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post hoc comparison test. Level of significance for the tests was 5%. Results Zones of bacterial inhibition were highest for ZO + Th oil paste against the pathogenic microorganisms S.aureus, followed by E. coli, E. faecalis, P. aeruginosa while for ZO + E paste, the decreasing order against pathogenic microorganisms was E. coli, S. aureus, E. faecalis, and P. aeruginosa. Statistically significant difference was found in both the pastes, ZO + Th oil paste and ZO + E paste. Conclusion ZO + Th oil paste showed higher levels of antimicrobial effect against the root canal pathogens.How to cite this article: Thosar NR, Chandak M, Bhat M, Basak S. Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Two Endodontic Sealers: Zinc Oxide with Thyme Oil and Zinc Oxide Eugenol against Root Canal Microorganisms-An in vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018;11(2):79-82.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilima R Thosar
- Professor, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Sharad Pawar Dental College & Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Manoj Chandak
- Professor and Head, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College & Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Manohar Bhat
- Professor and Head, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Jaipur Dental College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Silpi Basak
- Professor, Department of Microbiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wferdha, Maharashtra India
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Chimnoi N, Reuk-Ngam N, Chuysinuan P, Khlaychan P, Khunnawutmanotham N, Chokchaichamnankit D, Thamniyom W, Klayraung S, Mahidol C, Techasakul S. Characterization of essential oil from Ocimum gratissimum leaves: Antibacterial and mode of action against selected gastroenteritis pathogens. Microb Pathog 2018; 118:290-300. [PMID: 29578062 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Essential oil of fresh leaves of Ocimum gratissimum (OGEO) was water-steam distilled and analyzed by GC-MS. Thirty-seven compounds were identified, with eugenol (55.6%) as the major component followed by cis-ocimene (13.9%), γ-muurolene (11.6%), (Z,E)-α-farnesene (5.6%), α-trans-bergamotene (4.1%), and β-caryophyllene (2.7%). Antimicrobial activity of OGEO was tested against four gastroenteritis pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Shigella flexneri). OGEO exhibited antibacterial effect, with MICs of 1-2 mg ml-1, against the tested species. OGEO also displayed rapid killing effect within 5 s at four times of MIC against both E. coli and S. Typhimurium. Various assays were performed to investigate the mode of action of the oil. OGEO increased the permeability of microbial cell membrane as evidenced by LIVE/DEAD BacLight assay. Analyses of the release of absorbing materials at 260 nm, protein leakage, SDS-PAGE, and SEM strongly suggested the disruptive action of the oil on the cytoplasmic membrane of the tested microorganisms. Results revealed that the antibacterial property of OGEO could be due to membrane disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitirat Chimnoi
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Chulabhorn Research Institute, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Talat Bang Khen, Lak Si, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Nanthawan Reuk-Ngam
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Chulabhorn Research Institute, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Talat Bang Khen, Lak Si, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Piyachat Chuysinuan
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Chulabhorn Research Institute, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Talat Bang Khen, Lak Si, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Panita Khlaychan
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Chulabhorn Research Institute, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Talat Bang Khen, Lak Si, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Nisachon Khunnawutmanotham
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Chulabhorn Research Institute, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Talat Bang Khen, Lak Si, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Daranee Chokchaichamnankit
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Talat Bang Khen, Lak Si, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Wassapol Thamniyom
- Office of Research, Chulabhorn Research Institute, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Talat Bang Khen, Lak Si, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Srikanjana Klayraung
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand
| | - Chulabhorn Mahidol
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Chulabhorn Research Institute, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Talat Bang Khen, Lak Si, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Supanna Techasakul
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Chulabhorn Research Institute, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Talat Bang Khen, Lak Si, Bangkok 10210, Thailand.
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Priyadarshini BM, Antipina MN, Fawzy AS. Formulation and characterisation of poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) encapsulated clove oil nanoparticles for dental applications. IET Nanobiotechnol 2018. [DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2017.0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Balasankar M. Priyadarshini
- Discipline of Oral SciencesFaculty of DentistryNational University of Singapore11 Lower Kent Ridge RoadSingapore 119083Singapore
| | - Maria N. Antipina
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE)Innovis, 2 Fusionopolis WaySingapore 138634Singapore
| | - Amr S. Fawzy
- Discipline of Oral SciencesFaculty of DentistryNational University of Singapore11 Lower Kent Ridge RoadSingapore 119083Singapore
- Oral Restorative and Rehabilitative SciencesDental SchoolUniversity of Western Australia(M512)35 Stirling HighwayCRAWLEYWA6009Australia
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Antifungal Activity of Commercial Essential Oils and Biocides against Candida Albicans. Pathogens 2018; 7:pathogens7010015. [PMID: 29370147 PMCID: PMC5874741 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens7010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Management of oral candidosis, most frequently caused by Candida albicans, is limited due to the relatively low number of antifungal drugs and the emergence of antifungal tolerance. In this study, the antifungal activity of a range of commercial essential oils, two terpenes, chlorhexidine and triclosan was evaluated against C. albicans in planktonic and biofilm form. In addition, cytotoxicity of the most promising compounds was assessed using murine fibroblasts and expressed as half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50). Antifungal activity was determined using a broth microdilution assay. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was established against planktonic cells cultured in a range of concentrations of the test agents. The minimal biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) was determined by measuring re-growth of cells after pre-formed biofilm was treated for 24 h with the test agents. All tested commercial essential oils demonstrated anticandidal activity (MICs from 0.06% (v/v) to 0.4% (v/v)) against planktonic cultures, with a noticeable increase in resistance exhibited by biofilms (MBECs > 1.5% (v/v)). The IC50s of the commercial essential oils were lower than the MICs, while a one hour application of chlorhexidine was not cytotoxic at concentrations lower than the MIC. In conclusion, the tested commercial essential oils exhibit potential as therapeutic agents against C. albicans, although host cell cytotoxicity is a consideration when developing these new treatments.
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Khan ST, Khan M, Ahmad J, Wahab R, Abd-Elkader OH, Musarrat J, Alkhathlan HZ, Al-Kedhairy AA. Thymol and carvacrol induce autolysis, stress, growth inhibition and reduce the biofilm formation by Streptococcus mutans. AMB Express 2017; 7:49. [PMID: 28233286 PMCID: PMC5323333 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-017-0344-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Organic compounds from plants are an attractive alternative to conventional antimicrobial agents. Therefore, two compounds namely M-1 and M-2 were purified from Origanum vulgare L. and were identified as carvacrol and thymol, respectively. Antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of these compounds along with chlorhexidine digluconate using various assays was determined against dental caries causing bacteria Streptococcus mutans. The IC50 values of carvacrol (M-1) and thymol (M-2) against S. mutans were 65 and 54 µg/ml, respectively. Live and dead staining and the MTT assays reveal that a concentration of 100 µg/ml of these compounds reduced the viability and the metabolic activity of S. mutans by more than 50%. Biofilm formation on the surface of polystyrene plates was significantly reduced by M-1 and M-2 at 100 µg/ml as observed under scanning electron microscope and by colorimetric assay. These results were in agreement with RT-PCR studies. Wherein exposure to 25 µg/ml of M-1 and M-2 showed a 2.2 and 2.4-fold increase in Autolysin gene (AtlE) expression level, respectively. While an increase of 1.3 and 1.4 fold was observed in the super oxide dismutase gene (sodA) activity with the same concentrations of M-1 and M-2, respectively. An increase in the ymcA gene and a decrease in the gtfB gene expression levels was observed following the treatment with M-1 and M-2. These results strongly suggest that carvacrol and thymol isolated from O. vulgare L. exhibit good bactericidal and antibiofilm activity against S. mutans and can be used as a green alternative to control dental caries.
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