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An MJ, Lee HM, Kim CH, Shin GS, Jo AR, Kim JY, Kim MJ, Kim J, Park J, Hwangbo Y, Kim J, Kim JW. c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) phosphorylates OTX2 transcription factor that regulates early retinal development. Genes Genomics 2023; 45:429-435. [PMID: 36434388 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-022-01342-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transcription factor orthodenticle homeobox 2 (OTX2) has critical functions in brain and eye development, and its mutations in humans are related to retinal diseases, such as ocular coloboma and microphthalmia. However, the regulatory mechanisms of OTX2 are poorly identified. OBJECTIVE The identification of JNK1 as an OTX2 regulatory protein through the protein interaction and phosphorylation. METHODS To identify the binding partner of OTX2, we performed co-immunoprecipitation and detected with a pooled antibody that targeted effective kinases. The protein interaction between JNK1 and OTX2 was identified with the co-immunoprecipitation and immunocytochemistry. In vivo and in vitro kinase assay of JNK1 was performed to detect the phosphorylation of OTX2 by JNK1. RESULTS JNK1 directly interacted with OTX2 through the transactivation domain at the c-terminal region. The protein-protein interaction and co-localization between JNK1 and OTX2 were further validated in the developing P0 mouse retina. In addition, we confirmed that the inactivation of JNK1 K55N mutant significantly reduced the JNK1-mediated phosphorylation of OTX2 by performing an immune complex protein kinase assay. CONCLUSION c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) phosphorylates OTX2 transcription factor through the protein-protein interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Jin An
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Min Lee
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, South Korea
| | - Chul-Hong Kim
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, South Korea
| | - Geun-Seup Shin
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, South Korea
| | - Ah-Ra Jo
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, South Korea
| | - Ji-Young Kim
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, South Korea
| | - Mi Jin Kim
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, South Korea
| | - Jinho Kim
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, South Korea
| | - Jinhong Park
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, South Korea
| | - Yujeong Hwangbo
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, South Korea
| | - Jeongkyu Kim
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, South Korea
| | - Jung-Woong Kim
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, South Korea.
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Abstract
Purpose: Retinal ganglion cell death occurs during the glaucoma pathological process, and it is significant because of the poor regeneration capacity of retinal ganglion cells. With a constantly increasing understanding of retinal cell death mechanisms, we now know that simply blocking a specific mechanism of cell death might not prevent retinal ganglion cell death. This review aimed to summarize the mechanisms of retinal cell death in glaucoma models and discuss the caveats in restoring visual function in these studies.Methods: A literature search was done on PubMed using key words including glaucoma, ocular hypertension, retinal ganglion cell, cell death, apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, autophagic cell death, and parthanatos. The literature was reviewed to summarize the information about the lethal pathways of retinal ganglion cell in the glaucoma-like animal models.Results: Based on the purpose, 100 studies were selected and discussed in this review.Conclusions: The damage to ganglion cells in glaucoma-like animals can occur via multiple lethal pathways and the molecular mechanisms are still incompletely understood. Further investigations on the crosstalk between different cell death pathways and the common upstream regulators could augment the development of novel targeting agents for the curative treatment of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinghuai Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Liu C, Zhang CW, Zhou Y, Wong WQ, Lee LC, Ong WY, Yoon SO, Hong W, Fu XY, Soong TW, Koo EH, Stanton LW, Lim KL, Xiao ZC, Dawe GS. APP upregulation contributes to retinal ganglion cell degeneration via JNK3. Cell Death Differ 2017; 25:663-678. [PMID: 29238071 PMCID: PMC5864187 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-017-0005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Axonal injury is a common feature of central nervous system insults. Upregulation of amyloid precursor protein (APP) is observed following central nervous system neurotrauma and is regarded as a marker of central nervous system axonal injury. However, the underlying mechanism by which APP mediates neuronal death remains to be elucidated. Here, we used mouse optic nerve axotomy (ONA) to model central nervous system axonal injury replicating aspects of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death in optic neuropathies. APP and APP intracellular domain (AICD) were upregulated in retina after ONA and APP knockout reduced Tuj1+ RGC loss. Pathway analysis of microarray data combined with chromatin immunoprecipitation and a luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that AICD interacts with the JNK3 gene locus and regulates JNK3 expression. Moreover, JNK3 was found to be upregulated after ONA and to contribute to Tuj1+ RGC death. APP knockout reduced the ONA-induced enhanced expression of JNK3 and phosphorylated JNK (pJNK). Gamma-secretase inhibitors prevented production of AICD, reduced JNK3 and pJNK expression similarly, and protected Tuj1+ RGCs from ONA-induced cell death. Together these data indicate that ONA induces APP expression and that gamma-secretase cleavage of APP releases AICD, which upregulates JNK3 leading to RGC death. This pathway may be a novel target for neuronal protection in optic neuropathies and other forms of neurotrauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, 16 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117600, Singapore.,Neurobiology and Ageing Programme, Life Sciences Institute, Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117456, Singapore.,Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117456, Singapore.,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, 2 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Cheng-Wu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Technical University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China.,Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory, National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433, Singapore
| | - Yi Zhou
- Neurobiology and Ageing Programme, Life Sciences Institute, Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117456, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117596, Singapore
| | - Wan Qing Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, 16 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117600, Singapore.,Neurobiology and Ageing Programme, Life Sciences Institute, Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117456, Singapore.,Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117456, Singapore.,Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Group, Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore, 138672, Singapore
| | - Liying Corinne Lee
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, 2 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Wei Yi Ong
- Neurobiology and Ageing Programme, Life Sciences Institute, Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117456, Singapore.,Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, 4 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117594, Singapore
| | - Sung Ok Yoon
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Wanjin Hong
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Proteos, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Xin-Yuan Fu
- Neurobiology and Ageing Programme, Life Sciences Institute, Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117456, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117596, Singapore
| | - Tuck Wah Soong
- Neurobiology and Ageing Programme, Life Sciences Institute, Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117456, Singapore.,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, 2 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Edward H Koo
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, 2 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117597, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, 12 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
| | - Lawrence W Stanton
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Group, Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore, 138672, Singapore
| | - Kah-Leong Lim
- Neurobiology and Ageing Programme, Life Sciences Institute, Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117456, Singapore.,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, 2 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117597, Singapore.,Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory, National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433, Singapore
| | - Zhi-Cheng Xiao
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, 3800, Australia. .,The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical College, Kunming, 650031, China.
| | - Gavin S Dawe
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, 16 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117600, Singapore. .,Neurobiology and Ageing Programme, Life Sciences Institute, Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117456, Singapore. .,Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117456, Singapore.
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