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Kiran T, Junaid KP, Rajagopal V, Gupta M, Sharma D. Measurement and mapping of maternal health service coverage through a novel composite index: a sub-national level analysis in India. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022; 22:761. [PMID: 36217107 PMCID: PMC9552458 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-022-05080-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expansion of maternal health service coverage is crucial for the survival and wellbeing of both mother and child. To date, limited literature exists on the measurement of maternal health service coverage at the sub-national level in India. The prime objectives of the study were to comprehensively measure the maternal health service coverage by generating a composite index, map India by categorizing it into low, medium and high zones and examine its incremental changes over time. METHODS Utilising a nationally representative time series data of 15 key indicators spread across three domains of antenatal care, intranatal care and postnatal care, we constructed a novel 'Maternal Health Service Coverage Index' (MHSI) for 29 states and 5 union territories of India for the base (2017-18) and reference (2019-20) years. Following a rigorous procedure, MHSI scores were generated using both arithmetic mean and geometric mean approaches. We categorized India into low, medium and high maternal health service coverage zones and further generated geospatial maps to examine the extent and transition of maternal health service coverage from base to reference year. RESULTS India registered the highest mean percentage coverage (93.7%) for 'institutional delivery' and the lowest for 'treatment for obstetric complications' (9.3%) among all the indicators. Depending on the usage of arithmetic mean and geometric mean approaches, the maternal health service coverage index score for India exhibited marginal incremental change (between 0.015-0.019 index points) in the reference year. West zone exhibited an upward transition in the coverage of maternal health service indicators, while none of the zones recorded a downward movement. The states of Mizoram (east zone) and the Union Territory of Puducherry (south zone) showed a downward transition. Union territories of Dadra & Nagar Haveli (west zone) and Chandigarh (north zone), along with the states of Maharashtra (west zone), Assam, as well as Jharkhand (both from the east & north east zone), showed upward transition. CONCLUSION Overall, maternal health service coverage is increasing across India. Our study offers a novel summary measure to comprehensively quantify the coverage of maternal health services, which can momentously help India identify lagged indicators and low performing regions, thereby warranting the targeted interventions and concentrated programmatic efforts to bolster the maternal health service coverage at the sub-national level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvi Kiran
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - K P Junaid
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.
| | - Vineeth Rajagopal
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Madhu Gupta
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Divya Sharma
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
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Gad AI, Abdel-Ghani HA, Barakat AAEA. Effect of Ramadan fasting on hepatic steatosis as quantified by controlled attenuation parameter (CAP): a prospective observational study. EGYPTIAN LIVER JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43066-022-00187-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Although Ramadan fasting has a beneficial effect on health, the role of Ramadan fasting on patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), as quantified by the controlled attenuation parameter (CAP), is not determined yet. So, this study aimed to determine the effect of Ramadan fasting on patients with NAFLD by assessing the controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and biochemical parameters of the fatty liver.
Patients and methods
A prospective observational study was conducted on 40 NAFLD patients, who were diagnosed by ultrasonography and quantified with controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) in transient elastography (FibroScan) and fasted the month of Ramadan. Transient elastography for CAP and liver stiffness measurement (LSM) were performed. Fibrosis 4 score (FIB4) and NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS) were also calculated.
Results
There is a statistically significant change in body mass index, fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, serum albumin, total protein, AST, ALT, and alkaline phosphatase after Ramadan fasting. There were significant clinical improvements after Ramadan fasting in FIB-4 (1.31 ± 0.26 and 1.24 ± 0.25 respectively, p < 0.001), CAP (318.52 ± 34.59 and 294.0 ± 20.34, respectively, p < 0. 001), and LSM (6.95 ± 1.62 and 6.59 ± 1.49, respectively, p < 0. 001).
Conclusion
Our study demonstrates that Ramadan fasting could improve liver steatosis in patients with NAFLD proved with a significant reduction in the CAP and LSM.
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Chebrolu P, Kurbude R, Thakur M, Shah N, Jain R. Gestational diabetes in rural central India: low prevalence but absence of typical risk factors. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07431. [PMID: 34286121 PMCID: PMC8273204 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The reported prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) varies widely across India. Given the short-term, long-term, and multigenerational health impacts of GDM, understanding its frequency and risk factors is important for population screening strategies. We estimated the prevalence of GDM and determined associated risk factors in rural, central India, where data is sparse. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of a convenience sample of 575 pregnant women attending antenatal care (ANC) clinics at Jan Swasthya Sahyog's (JSS) outreach clinics in rural Chhattisgarh, India. Study participants underwent a non-fasting 75g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) between 24-28 weeks gestation. Using Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group of India (DIPSI) criteria, a 2-hour post-OGTT glucose ≥140 mg/dL was used to diagnose GDM. Results We found 11 patients (1.9%) who met diagnostic criteria for GDM. Median age, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure were higher in those with GDM (26 vs 23 years, p = 0.02; 117 vs 106 mmHg, p = 0.04, 77 vs 68 mmHg, p < 0.01, respectively). Pre-hypertension was associated with increased odds of GDM on multivariate analysis (OR 4.0, 95% CI: 1.1, 14.8). BMI was not associated with GDM. With appropriate management there were no differences in fetal complications between GDM and normal glucose tolerance (NGT) groups. Conclusions In rural, central India the prevalence of GDM was 1.9% in the absence of traditional risk factors such as increased BMI. Further research is needed to define the applicability of optimal screening strategies in such settings.
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Dong Y, Zhai Y, Wang J, Chen Y, Xie X, Zhang C, Liu J, Lu Y, Tang G, Han L, Li L, Cao Z. Glycated albumin in pregnancy: reference intervals establishment and its predictive value in adverse pregnancy outcomes. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2020; 20:12. [PMID: 31900124 PMCID: PMC6942295 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-019-2704-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many efforts have been focused on the alternative glycemic marker glycated albumin (GlyA) and its application in pregnancy during which profound physiological changes take place. Our objective was to determine the reference intervals (RIs) of GlyA in healthy Chinese pregnant women and to assess the predictive value of serum GlyA in adverse pregnancy outcomes. Methods Totally 421 healthy subjects including 137 in the first trimester, 152 in the second trimester, and 132 in the third trimester were enrolled from March to July 2019, for the purpose of establishing the trimester-specific RIs of GlyA. In addition, 67 pregnant women diagnosed with GDM were enrolled at 24–28 weeks of gestation. The diagnostic value of GlyA for GDM patients was evaluated and compared with that of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) at 24–28 weeks of gestation. The association between GlyA in the late pregnancy and the adverse pregnancy outcomes was analyzed with the data collected from January to June 2018 at our hospital. Results The estimated RIs of GlyA in present study were 11.26–15.10%, 10.04–13.50%, and 9.76–13.09% in the first, second, and third trimesters respectively. The areas under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were 0.503 for GlyA and 0.705 for FPG. More importantly, the GlyA level in the third trimester was not more elevated in the patients with adverse pregnancy outcomes including large for gestational age (LGA), preterm delivery, hypertension and preeclampsia (PE). The exception was made with the GDM patients who suffered from postpartum hemorrhage and had significantly higher GlyA levels than the control group. Conclusions Our results showed that the GlyA was continuously decreased as the gestational age went up. The GlyA testing has limited value in diagnosing GDM and predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Dong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, 251 Yaojiayuan Road, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Yanhong Zhai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, 251 Yaojiayuan Road, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, 251 Yaojiayuan Road, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Obstetrical Department, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Xie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, 251 Yaojiayuan Road, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Chunhong Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, 251 Yaojiayuan Road, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Jingrui Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, 251 Yaojiayuan Road, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Yifan Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, 251 Yaojiayuan Road, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Guodong Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, 251 Yaojiayuan Road, Beijing, 100026, China.,Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Beijing Haidian Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lican Han
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, 251 Yaojiayuan Road, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Lin Li
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Cao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, 251 Yaojiayuan Road, Beijing, 100026, China.
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Liu H, Li J, Xia W, Zhang B, Peng Y, Li Y, Zhou Y, Fang J, Zhao H, Jiang Y, Liu W, Sun X, Hu C, Cai Z, Xu S. Blood pressure changes during pregnancy in relation to urinary paraben, triclosan and benzophenone concentrations: A repeated measures study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 122:185-192. [PMID: 30503318 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have proven the endocrine-disrupting properties and health hazards of parabens, triclosan, and benzophenones, but their relationship with blood pressure during pregnancy remains unknown. Therefore, we investigated the associations of repeated measures of urinary parabens, triclosan, and benzophenones with blood pressure during pregnancy and evaluated whether the associations were modified by fetal sex. From a prospective birth cohort in Wuhan, China, we collected urine samples from 644 pregnant women in the first, second, and third trimesters between 2014 and 2015. Five parabens, triclosan, and three benzophenones were quantified in all urine samples. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured in each trimester after urine sampling. Mixed linear models were used to estimate the associations between urinary chemical levels and blood pressure during pregnancy among all pregnant women and subgroups stratified by fetal sex. In the women carrying male fetuses, urinary triclosan and selected benzophenone concentrations were associated with a slight change of SBP during pregnancy. In the women carrying female fetuses, no chemical was associated with SBP, while urinary concentration of triclosan was inversely associated with DBP, though the magnitude was small. Urinary paraben levels weren't associated with blood pressure during pregnancy. Our results suggest that triclosan and selected benzophenone exposure might be associated with blood pressure during pregnancy in a potential fetal sex-different manner. Replicated research studies in pregnant women with higher triclosan and benzophenone exposure levels are needed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei, China
| | - Jiufeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Women and Children Medical and Healthcare Center of Wuhan, Wuhan 430000, Hubei, China
| | - Yang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei, China
| | - Yanqiu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jing Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongzhi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yangqian Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei, China
| | - Wenyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaojie Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei, China
| | - Cheng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei, China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Shunqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei, China.
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Li KT, Naik S, Alexander M, Mathad JS. Screening and diagnosis of gestational diabetes in India: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Diabetol 2018; 55:613-625. [PMID: 29582160 PMCID: PMC5999405 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-018-1131-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Although diabetes is rapidly increasing in India, there is no national consensus on best practices for screening, diagnosis, and management of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The goal of this study was to systematically review the literature for studies reporting the prevalence and screening and diagnostic methods for gestational diabetes in India. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and POPLINE for studies on screening for GDM in India. We included English-language full reports and conference abstracts of cross-sectional studies, prospective, and retrospective cohorts that reported the screening method and prevalence of GDM. We performed descriptive analysis on all studies and meta-analysis, meta-regression, and subgroup meta-analysis on studies with medium or low risk of bias. RESULTS We included 64 studies reporting 90 prevalence estimates. Prevalence estimates ranged from 0 to 41.9%. Subset meta-analyses showed that the IADPSG diagnostic criteria found significantly more GDM cases (prevalence = 19.19% [15.5, 23.6], p < 0.05) than the WHO 1999 criteria (10.13% [8.17, 12.50]) and DIPSI criteria (7.37% [5.2, 10.16]). Studies that compared the IADPSG and WHO 1999 criteria showed poor positive agreement (33-79%). Studies specifying time of GDM diagnosis showed that patients (11-60%) develop GDM as early as the first trimester, but many GDM cases (16-40%) are missed if screened only at first visit. CONCLUSIONS In India, prevalence estimates of GDM vary substantially by diagnostic criteria. When evaluating screening and diagnostic criteria for GDM, providers should consider their patients' needs and correlate screening criteria with pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine T Li
- Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Shilpa Naik
- Department of OB-GYN, Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mallika Alexander
- Johns Hopkins University Clinical Trials Unit, Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jyoti S Mathad
- Departments of Medicine and OB-GYN, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Hung CH, Yu CY, Huang MC. The Perinatal Biopsychosocial Consequences of Various Levels of Gestational Hyperglycemia. Clin Nurs Res 2018; 29:268-275. [PMID: 29631415 DOI: 10.1177/1054773818769210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This study was to compare biopsychosocial consequences among three groups of women with gestational hyperglycemia. We conducted a repeated-measures study at five time points among 132 women with gestational hyperglycemia. Women's physiological indicators and their psychosocial indicators were measured. There were 22.7% of participants had gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), 11.4% had gestational impaired glucose tolerance (G-IGT), and 65.9% had mild gestational hyperglycemia (MGH). Women with GDM had higher fasting blood glucose and systolic/diastolic blood pressure than women with MGH. Women with GDM had higher diastolic blood pressure compared to women with G-IGT. Significant differences were found between the five time points regarding women's fasting blood glucose, diastolic blood pressure, depression, and health status. Health care providers should conduct early screening for predictors of metabolic syndrome in women with any degree of gestational hyperglycemia. Nursing interventions could be offered as early as the perinatal period to promote women's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chich-Hsiu Hung
- Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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A modified response of NAFLD patients with non-significant fibrosis in nutritional counseling according to GCKR rs1260326. Eur J Nutr 2017; 57:2227-2235. [PMID: 28695325 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1499-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the association between GCKR gene and nutritional treatment in NAFLD-related biomarkers. METHODS This was an open-label and single-arm clinical trial in 44 overweight or obese adults with NAFLD receiving nutritional counseling for 6 months. Nutritional data, MedDietScore, clinical, biochemical, inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers were evaluated before and after intervention. Further, we genotyped GCKR rs1260326 and in T-allele carriers and non-Τ-carriers we assessed associations between the GCKR variant and nutritional counseling related to change in all biomarkers evaluated. RESULTS Anthropometric measurements were significantly reduced after the end of the intervention in patients assigned to nutritional counseling. Liver imaging and fibrosis were significantly improved. GCKR rs1260326 T-allele frequency was 46.7%. T-carriers responded better to nutritional counseling regarding fasting blood glucose levels (mean6-0 change = -4.94 mg/dL (±9.33), p = 0.005), whereas non-T-carriers did not benefit from the intervention regarding glucose. On the other hand, levels of oxLDL decreased in the non-T-carriers group after the intervention, but not in T-carriers. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that GCKR rs1260326 T-allele is associated with better response of NAFLD patients to nutritional treatment regarding fasting blood glucose, but not oxLDL levels. Despite this important finding in the field of nutrigenetics, it is tricky to generalize this effect unless larger studies are conducted.
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Bhavadharini B, Mahalakshmi MM, Anjana RM, Maheswari K, Uma R, Deepa M, Unnikrishnan R, Ranjani H, Pastakia SD, Kayal A, Ninov L, Malanda B, Belton A, Mohan V. Prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in urban and rural Tamil Nadu using IADPSG and WHO 1999 criteria (WINGS 6). Clin Diabetes Endocrinol 2016; 2:8. [PMID: 28702243 PMCID: PMC5471800 DOI: 10.1186/s40842-016-0028-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine the prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) in urban and rural Tamil Nadu in southern India, using the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) and the World Health Organization (WHO) 1999 criteria for GDM. METHODS A total of 2121 pregnant women were screened for GDM from antenatal clinics in government primary health centres of Kancheepuram district (n = 520) and private maternity centres in Chennai city in Tamil Nadu (n = 1601) between January 2013 to December 2014. Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) were done after an overnight fast of at least 8 h, using a 75 g glucose load and venous samples were drawn at 0, 1 and 2 h. GDM was diagnosed using both the IADPSG criteria as well as the WHO 1999 criteria for GDM. RESULTS The overall prevalence of GDM after adjusting for age, BMI, family history of diabetes and previous history of GDM was 18.5 % by IADPSG criteria with no significant urban/rural differences (urban 19.8 % vs rural 16.1 %, p = 0.46). Using the WHO 1999 criteria, the overall adjusted prevalence of GDM was 14.6 % again with no significant urban/rural differences (urban 15.9 % vs rural 8.9 %, p = 0.13). CONCLUSION The prevalence of GDM by IADPSG was high both using IADPSG as well as WHO 1999 criteria with no significant urban/rural differences. This emphasizes the need for increasing awareness about GDM and for prevention of GDM in developing countries like India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Bhavadharini
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, 4, Conran Smith Road, Gopalapuram, Chennai, 600 086 India
| | | | - Ranjit Mohan Anjana
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, 4, Conran Smith Road, Gopalapuram, Chennai, 600 086 India
| | - Kumar Maheswari
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, 4, Conran Smith Road, Gopalapuram, Chennai, 600 086 India
| | - Ram Uma
- Seethapathy Clinic and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Mohan Deepa
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, 4, Conran Smith Road, Gopalapuram, Chennai, 600 086 India
| | - Ranjit Unnikrishnan
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, 4, Conran Smith Road, Gopalapuram, Chennai, 600 086 India
| | - Harish Ranjani
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, 4, Conran Smith Road, Gopalapuram, Chennai, 600 086 India
| | | | | | - Lyudmil Ninov
- International Diabetes Federation, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Belma Malanda
- International Diabetes Federation, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne Belton
- International Diabetes Federation, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Viswanathan Mohan
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, 4, Conran Smith Road, Gopalapuram, Chennai, 600 086 India
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Tong GX, Cheng J, Chai J, Geng QQ, Chen PL, Shen XR, Liang H, Wang DB. Association between gestational diabetes mellitus and subsequent risk of cancer: a systematic review of epidemiological studies. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:4265-9. [PMID: 24935382 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.10.4265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed at summarizing epidemiological evidence of the association between gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and subsequent risk of cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS We searched Medline, Embase, Cancer Lit and CINAHL for epidemiological studies published by February 1, 2014 examining the risk of cancer in patients with history of GDM using highly inclusive algorithms. Information about first author, year of publication, country of study, study design, cancer sites, sample sizes, attained age of subjects and methods used for determining GDM status were extracted by two researchers and Stata version 11.0 was used to perform the meta-analysis and estimate the pooled effects. RESULTS A total of 9 articles documented 5 cohort and 4 case- control studies containing 10,630 cancer cases and 14,608 women with a history of GDM were included in this review. Taken together, the pooled odds ratio (OR) between GDM and breast cancer risk was 1.01 (0.87-1.17); yet the same pooled ORs of case-control and cohort studies were 0.87 (0.71-1.06) and 1.25 (1.00-1.56) respectively. There are indications that GDM is strongly associated with higher risk of pancreatic cancer (HR=8.68) and hematologic malignancies (HR=4.53), but no relationships were detected between GDM and other types of cancer. CONCLUSIONS Although GDM increases the risk of certain types of cancer, these results should be interpreted with caution becuase of some methodological flaws. The issue merits added investigation and coordinated efforts between researchers, antenatal clinics and cancer treatment and registration agencies to help attain better understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Xian Tong
- Center for Health Management, School of Health Services Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China E-mail :
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