1
|
Ravichandran K, Siva Jyothi N, Thirumurugan K, Suvathi S, Chidhambaram N, Uma R, Sundaresan B. Influence of Mo + F incorporation and point of zero charge on the dye degradation efficacy of ZnO thin films. Chem Phys 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2022.111714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
2
|
Hannah W, Bhavadharini B, Beks H, Deepa M, Anjana RM, Uma R, Martin E, McNamara K, Versace V, Saravanan P, Mohan V. Global burden of early pregnancy gestational diabetes mellitus (eGDM): A systematic review. Acta Diabetol 2022; 59:403-427. [PMID: 34743219 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-021-01800-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) diagnosed during the first trimester of pregnancy is called 'early pregnancy Gestational Diabetes Mellitus' (eGDM). The burden of eGDM has only been studied sporadically. This review aims to understand the global burden of eGDM in terms of prevalence, risk factors, pregnancy outcomes, treatment and postpartum dysglycemia. METHODS: A review of epidemiologic studies reporting on early GDM screening as per Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for prevalence reviews was conducted. A customized search strategy was used to search electronic databases namely, PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, MEDLINE, Ovid, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Three independent reviewers reviewed studies using Covidence software. Observational studies irrespective of study design and regardless of diagnostic criteria were included. Quality of evidence was appraised, and findings were synthesized. RESULTS Of 58 included studies, 41 reported a prevalence of eGDM, ranging from 0.7 to 36.8%. Body mass index (BMI), previous history of GDM, family history of diabetes and multiparity were reported as eGDM risk factors. Adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with eGDM were macrosomia, caesarean delivery, induction of labour, hypertension, preterm delivery, and shoulder dystocia. The incidence of postpartum dysglycemia and the need for insulin was higher in women with eGDM. The risk of bias was moderate. Heterogeneity of studies is a limitation. Meta-analysis was not performed. CONCLUSIONS There is heterogeneity in the prevalence of eGDM and intrapartum and postpartum ill effects for the mother and the offspring. There is a need to develop a universal screening protocol for eGDM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wesley Hannah
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation - ICMR Center for Advanced Research on Diabetes and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, No 4, Conran Smith Road, Gopalapuram, Chennai, 600 086, India
- Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | | | | | - Mohan Deepa
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation - ICMR Center for Advanced Research on Diabetes and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, No 4, Conran Smith Road, Gopalapuram, Chennai, 600 086, India
| | - Ranjit Mohan Anjana
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation - ICMR Center for Advanced Research on Diabetes and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, No 4, Conran Smith Road, Gopalapuram, Chennai, 600 086, India
| | - Ram Uma
- Seethapathy Clinic & Hospital, Chennai, India
| | | | | | | | - Ponnusamy Saravanan
- Populations, Evidence and Technologies, Warwick Medical School, Gibbet Hill, Division of Health Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust, Nunetaon, UK
| | - Viswanathan Mohan
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation - ICMR Center for Advanced Research on Diabetes and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, No 4, Conran Smith Road, Gopalapuram, Chennai, 600 086, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bhavadharini B, Anjana RM, Deepa M, Pradeepa R, Uma R, Saravanan P, Mohan V. Association between number of abnormal glucose values and severity of fasting plasma glucose in IADPSG criteria and maternal outcomes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Acta Diabetol 2022; 59:349-357. [PMID: 34705110 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-021-01815-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The International Association for Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group (IADPSG) criteria recommend a single-step diagnostic oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The aim of this study was to examine the association between the number of abnormal glucose values and levels of FPG with pregnancy outcomes. METHODS Pregnant women (n=1,044) were screened for GDM at maternity centers in South India using IADPSG criteria. OGTTs were classified based on the number of abnormal glucose values (any one value or more than one value high) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) values (<92mg/dl,92-100mg/dl,>100mg/dl) and correlated with pregnancy outcomes. Odds ratio were adjusted for age, BMI, gestational week at diagnosis, family history of diabetes, previous history of GDM, gestational week at delivery and birth weight. For macrosomia and large for gestation age, birth weight was excluded from the model. RESULTS Risk of caesarean section was significantly higher in women with any one abnormal glucose value (OR: 1.49; 95%CI: 1.07-2.09). This further increased in those with >1 value (OR: 1.35; 95%CI: 0.87-2.10), when compared to women with all values normal. Risk of large for gestation age (LGA) was higher in women with FPG 92-100mg/dl (OR: 1.37; 95%CI: 0.80-2.35) and in those with FPG >100mg/dl (OR: 1.87; 95%CI: 1.04-3.35), compared to those with FPG <92mg/dl. CONCLUSIONS The risk for poor pregnancy outcomes starts in those with one abnormal value in the OGTT or with FPG >92mg/dl but becomes significantly higher in those with higher abnormal values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - R M Anjana
- Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, IDF Centre of Excellence in Diabetes Care, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, ICMR Center for Advanced Research On Diabetes, Conran Smith Road, No:6B, Gopalapuram, Chennai, Pin: 600086, India
| | - M Deepa
- Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, IDF Centre of Excellence in Diabetes Care, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, ICMR Center for Advanced Research On Diabetes, Conran Smith Road, No:6B, Gopalapuram, Chennai, Pin: 600086, India
| | - R Pradeepa
- Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, IDF Centre of Excellence in Diabetes Care, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, ICMR Center for Advanced Research On Diabetes, Conran Smith Road, No:6B, Gopalapuram, Chennai, Pin: 600086, India
| | - R Uma
- Seethapathy Hospital and Clinic, Chennai, India
| | - P Saravanan
- Population, Evidence and Technologies, Warwick Medical School, Division of Health Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Academic Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, George Eliot Hospital, Nuneaton, UK
| | - V Mohan
- Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, IDF Centre of Excellence in Diabetes Care, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, ICMR Center for Advanced Research On Diabetes, Conran Smith Road, No:6B, Gopalapuram, Chennai, Pin: 600086, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
John AT, Sathu T, Sunil B, Vasudevan V, Uma R. Effect of different levels of mayonnaise on the physicochemical and sensory attributes of chicken meat spread. Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences 2022. [DOI: 10.51966/jvas.2022.53.3.458-463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The study was aimed to optimize the level of mayonnaise in the formulary of spent chicken meat spread. Chicken meat was replaced with different levels of mayonnaise viz., (T1) 30 per cent meat and 70 per cent mayonnaise, (T2) 40 per cent meat and 60 per cent mayonnaise, (T3) 50 per cent meat and 50 per cent mayonnaise, (T4) 60 per cent meat and 40 per cent mayonnaise. T4 had significantly (p<0.001) higher values for pH and T1 had significantly (p<0.001) lower water activity compared with other treatments. Treatment, T4 had significantly (p<0.001) higher moisture and protein per cent and T1 had significantly (p<0.001) higher fat per cent and calorie value when compared to other treatments. T2 scored higher values for all the sensory attributes except spreadability and significantly higher values (p<0.01) for mouth coating, aftertaste and overall acceptability when compared between each other. Hence chicken meat spread with 60 per cent mayonnaise and 40 per cent spent chicken (T2) which had significantly higher overall acceptability scores was selected as best product considering the sensory attributes and physicochemical properties
Collapse
|
5
|
Shivashri C, Hannah W, Deepa M, Ghebremichael-Weldeselassie Y, Anjana RM, Uma R, Mohan V, Saravanan P. Prevalence of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus in south and southeast Asian women with history of gestational diabetes mellitus: Systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278919. [PMID: 36508451 PMCID: PMC9744276 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The burden of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is very high in south Asia (SA) and southeast Asia (SEA). Thus, there is a need to understand the prevalence and risk factors for developing prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) postpartum, in this high-risk population. AIM To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of prediabetes and T2DM among the women with history of GDM in SA and SEA. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was performed in the following databases: Medline, EMBASE, Web of Knowledge and CINHAL till December 2021. Studies that had reported greater than six weeks of postpartum follow-up were included. The pooled prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes were estimated by random effects meta-analysis model and I2 statistic was used to assess heterogeneity. RESULTS Meta-analysis of 13 studies revealed that the prevalence of prediabetes and T2DM in post-GDM women were 25.9% (95%CI 18.94 to 33.51) and 29.9% (95%CI 17.02 to 44.57) respectively. Women with history of GDM from SA and SEA seem to have higher risk of developing T2DM than women without GDM (RR 13.2, 95%CI 9.52 to 18.29, p<0.001). The subgroup analysis showed a rise in the prevalence of T2DM with increasing duration of follow-up. CONCLUSION The conversion to T2DM and prediabetes is very high among women with history of GDM in SA and SEA. This highlights the need for follow-up of GDM women for early identification of dysglycemia and to plan interventions to prevent/delay the progression to T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chockalingam Shivashri
- Division of Populations, Evidence, and Technologies of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan’s Diabetes Specialities Centre, ICMR Center for Advanced Research on Diabetes, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Wesley Hannah
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan’s Diabetes Specialities Centre, ICMR Center for Advanced Research on Diabetes, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohan Deepa
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan’s Diabetes Specialities Centre, ICMR Center for Advanced Research on Diabetes, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Yonas Ghebremichael-Weldeselassie
- Division of Populations, Evidence, and Technologies of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - Ranjit Mohan Anjana
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan’s Diabetes Specialities Centre, ICMR Center for Advanced Research on Diabetes, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ram Uma
- Seethapathy Clinic & Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Viswanathan Mohan
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan’s Diabetes Specialities Centre, ICMR Center for Advanced Research on Diabetes, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ponnusamy Saravanan
- Division of Populations, Evidence, and Technologies of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, George Eliot Hospital, Nuneaton, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rehna A, Deepa AK, Usha P, John P, Uma R, Lukose M, Anu G. Hepatoprotective Potential of Malabar Tamarind (Garcinia gummi-gutta) Fruit-Rind Extract in Acetaminophen-Induced Toxicity Through Modulation of CYP2E1 Gene Expression in Hepatic Cells of Wistar Rats. Applied Biological Research 2022. [DOI: 10.5958/0974-4517.2022.00046.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
7
|
Bhavadharini B, Uma R, Anjana R, Mohan V. Survey of diabetologists and obstetricians’ practice patterns related to care for gestational diabetes mellitus during the COVID-19 pandemic in India. J Diabetol 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/jod.jod_106_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
|
8
|
Pramodkumar TA, Jayashri R, Gokulakrishnan K, Velmurugan K, Pradeepa R, Venkatesan U, Saravanan P, Uma R, Anjana RM, Mohan V. 1,5 Anhydroglucitol in gestational diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Complications 2019; 33:231-235. [PMID: 30594413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE 1,5 Anhydroglucitol (1,5 AG) is reported to be a more sensitive marker of glucose variability and short-term glycemic control (1-2 weeks) in patients with type1 and type 2 diabetes. However, the role of 1,5 AG in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is not clear. We estimated the serum levels of 1,5 AG in pregnant women with and without GDM. METHODS We recruited 220 pregnant women, 145 without and 75 with GDM visiting antenatal clinics in Tamil Nadu in South India. Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) were carried out using 82.5 g oral glucose (equivalent to 75 g of anhydrous glucose) and GDM was diagnosed based on the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group criteria. Serum 1,5 AG levels were measured using an enzymatic, colorimetric assay kit (Glycomark®, New York, NY). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to identify 1,5 AG cut-off points to identify GDM. RESULTS The mean levels of the 1,5 AG were significantly lower in women with GDM (11.8 ± 5.7 μg/mL, p < 0.001) compared to women without GDM (16.2 ± 6.2 μg/mL). In multiple logistic regression analysis, 1.5 AG showed a significant association with GDM (odds ratio [OR]: 0.876, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.812-0.944, p < 0.001) after adjusting for potential confounders. 1,5 AG had a C statistic of 0.693 compared to Fructosamine (0.671) and HbA1c (0.581) for identifying GDM. A 1,5 AG cut-off of 13.21 μg/mL had a C statistic of 0.6936 (95% CI: 0.6107-0.7583, p < 0.001), sensitivity of 67.6%, and specificity of 65.3% to identify GDM. CONCLUSION 1,5AG levels are lower in pregnant women with GDM compared to individuals without GDM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thyparambil Aravindakshan Pramodkumar
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, ICMR Centre for Advanced Research on Diabetes, Gopalapuram, Chennai, India
| | - Ramamoorthy Jayashri
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, ICMR Centre for Advanced Research on Diabetes, Gopalapuram, Chennai, India
| | - Kuppan Gokulakrishnan
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, ICMR Centre for Advanced Research on Diabetes, Gopalapuram, Chennai, India
| | - Kaliyaperumal Velmurugan
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, ICMR Centre for Advanced Research on Diabetes, Gopalapuram, Chennai, India
| | - Rajendra Pradeepa
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, ICMR Centre for Advanced Research on Diabetes, Gopalapuram, Chennai, India
| | - Ulagamathesan Venkatesan
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, ICMR Centre for Advanced Research on Diabetes, Gopalapuram, Chennai, India
| | - Ponnusamy Saravanan
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Ram Uma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seethapathy Clinic and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ranjit Mohan Anjana
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, ICMR Centre for Advanced Research on Diabetes, Gopalapuram, Chennai, India
| | - Viswanathan Mohan
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, ICMR Centre for Advanced Research on Diabetes, Gopalapuram, Chennai, India.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sudha V, Anjana R, Vijayalakshmi P, Bhavadharini B, Gayathri R, Lakshmipriya N, Uthra S, Unnikrishnan R, Uma R, Mohan V. Association of whole grains, dairy and dietary fibre with neonatal outcomes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus: The WINGS project (WINGS – 12). J Diabetol 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/jod.jod_2_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
10
|
|
11
|
Bhavadharini B, Anjana RM, Deepa M, Jayashree G, Nrutya S, Shobana M, Malanda B, Kayal A, Belton A, Joseph K, Rekha K, Uma R, Mohan V. Gestational Weight Gain and Pregnancy Outcomes in Relation to Body Mass Index in Asian Indian Women. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2017; 21:588-593. [PMID: 28670545 PMCID: PMC5477449 DOI: 10.4103/ijem.ijem_557_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of the study was to compare the weight gain during pregnancy (using Institute of Medicine guidelines) among Asian Indians across different body mass index (BMI) categories (using World Health Organization Asia Pacific BMI cut points) and to compare the pregnancy outcomes in each of the different BMI categories. METHODOLOGY Retrospective records of 2728 pregnant women attending antenatal clinics and private maternity centers in Chennai, South India, from January 2011 to January 2014 were studied. Pregnancy outcomes were analyzed in relation to BMI and weight gain across different BMI categories. RESULTS Overweight and obese women who gained more weight during pregnancy were at high risk of delivering macrosomic infants (overweight - odds ratio [OR]: 2.3, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1-5.2, P = 0.02 and obese - OR: 1.6, 95% CI: 1.1-2.4, P = 0.01). In addition, obese women who gained more weight were also at high risk of preterm labor (OR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.1-3.8; P = 0.01), cesarean section (OR: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.4-2.5; P < 0.001), and preeclampsia (OR: 2.8, 95% CI: 1.1-7.2, P = 0.03). Normal weight and overweight women who gained less weight had a protective effect from cesarean section and macrosomia. CONCLUSIONS Overweight/obese women who gained more weight than recommended are at a high risk of developing adverse pregnancy outcomes. Normal and overweight women who gained weight less than recommended have low risk for cesarean section and macrosomia. However, they have a higher (statistically insignificant) risk for low birth weight and preterm birth. This highlights the need for gaining adequate weight during pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Bhavadharini
- Department of Diabetology and Epidemiology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ranjit Mohan Anjana
- Department of Diabetology and Epidemiology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohan Deepa
- Department of Diabetology and Epidemiology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gopal Jayashree
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seethapathy Clinic and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Subramanyam Nrutya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seethapathy Clinic and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mahadevan Shobana
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seethapathy Clinic and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Belma Malanda
- Department of Policy and Programmes, International Diabetes Federation, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Arivudainambi Kayal
- Department of Policy and Programmes, International Diabetes Federation, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne Belton
- Department of Policy and Programmes, International Diabetes Federation, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kurian Joseph
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Joseph Nursing Home, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kurian Rekha
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Joseph Nursing Home, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ram Uma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seethapathy Clinic and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Viswanathan Mohan
- Department of Diabetology and Epidemiology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bhavadharini B, Mahalakshmi MM, Deepa M, Harish R, Malanda B, Kayal A, Belton A, Saravanan P, Ranjit U, Uma R, Anjana RM, Mohan V. Elevated glycated hemoglobin predicts macrosomia among Asian Indian pregnant women (WINGS-9). Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2017; 21:184-189. [PMID: 28217520 PMCID: PMC5240063 DOI: 10.4103/2230-8210.196003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to determine the optimal glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) cut point for diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and to evaluate the usefulness of HbA1c as a prognostic indicator for adverse pregnancy outcomes. METHODS HbA1c estimations were carried out in 1459 pregnant women attending antenatal care centers in urban and rural Tamil Nadu in South India. An oral glucose tolerance test was carried out using 75 g anhydrous glucose, and GDM was diagnosed using the International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups criteria. RESULTS GDM was diagnosed in 195 women. Receiver operating curves showed a HbA1c cut point of ≥ 5.0% (≥31 mmol/mol) have a sensitivity of 66.2% and specificity of 56.2% for identifying GDM (area under the curve 0.679, confidence interval [CI]: 0.655-0.703). Women with HbA1c ≥ 5.0% (≥31 mmol/mol) were significantly older and had higher body mass index, greater history of previous GDM, and a higher prevalence of macrosomia compared to women with HbA1c < 5.0% (<31 mmol/mol). The adjusted odds ratio for macrosomia in those with HbA1c ≥ 5.0% (≥31 mmol/mol) was 1.92 (CI: 1.24-2.97, P = 0.003). However, other pregnancy outcomes were not significantly different. CONCLUSION In Asian Indian pregnant women, a HbA1c of 5.0% (31 mmol/mol) or greater is associated with increased risk of macrosomia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Bhavadharini
- Department of Epidemiology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Mohan Deepa
- Department of Epidemiology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ranjani Harish
- Department of Epidemiology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Belma Malanda
- Department of Policy and Programmes, International Diabetes Federation, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Arivudainambi Kayal
- Department of Policy and Programmes, International Diabetes Federation, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne Belton
- Department of Policy and Programmes, International Diabetes Federation, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ponnusamy Saravanan
- Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Unnikrishnan Ranjit
- Department of Epidemiology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ram Uma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seethapathy Clinic and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ranjit Mohan Anjana
- Department of Epidemiology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Viswanathan Mohan
- Department of Epidemiology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Uma R, Bhavadharini B, Ranjani H, Mahalakshmi MM, Anjana RM, Unnikrishnan R, Kayal A, Malanda B, Belton A, Mohan V. Pregnancy outcome of gestational diabetes mellitus using a structured model of care : WINGS project (WINGS-10). J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2016; 43:468-475. [PMID: 28026897 DOI: 10.1111/jog.13249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the impact of a structured model of care (MOC) prepared for resource-constrained settings, on the pregnancy outcomes of Asian Indian women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). METHODS Pregnant women were screened under the Women in India with GDM Strategy (WINGS) MOC for GDM using the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups criteria. Women with GDM went through a structured MOC that included medical nutrition therapy (MNT), regular physical activity (PA); and insulin when indicated. Fasting blood glucose and post-prandial blood sugar were monitored every 2 weeks. The pregnancy outcomes of women with GDM who underwent the MOC were compared with those without GDM. RESULTS Under the MOC, 212 women with GDM were followed through pregnancy, of whom 33 (15.6%) required insulin and 179 (84.4%) were managed with MNT and PA. The maternal and neonatal outcomes of women with GDM were similar to the non-GDM women: there were no significant differences in pregnancy complications such as cesarean section, macrosomia, pre-eclampsia, oligo/polyhydramnios, preterm delivery, neonatal death, fetal distress, hyperbilirubinemia and low birthweight. CONCLUSION Implementation of a structured MOC for women with GDM helped achieve pregnancy outcomes similar to those without GDM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ram Uma
- Seethapathy Clinic and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Belma Malanda
- International Diabetes Federation, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne Belton
- International Diabetes Federation, Brussels, Belgium
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kayal A, Mohan V, Malanda B, Anjana RM, Bhavadharini B, Mahalakshmi MM, Maheswari K, Uma R, Unnikrishnan R, Kalaiyarasi G, Ninov L, Belton A. Women in India with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Strategy (WINGS): Methodology and development of model of care for gestational diabetes mellitus (WINGS 4). Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2016; 20:707-715. [PMID: 27730085 PMCID: PMC5040055 DOI: 10.4103/2230-8210.189230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The Women In India with GDM Strategy (WINGS) project was conducted with the aim of developing a model of care (MOC) suitable for women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in low- and middle-income countries. METHODOLOGY The WINGS project was carried out in Chennai, Southern India, in two phases. In Phase I, a situational analysis was conducted to understand the practice patterns of health-care professionals and to determine the best screening criteria through a pilot screening study. RESULTS Phase II involved developing a MOC-based on findings from the situational analysis and evaluating its effectiveness. The model focused on diagnosis, management, and follow-up of women with GDM who were followed prospectively throughout their pregnancy. An educational booklet was provided to all women with GDM, offering guidance on self-management of GDM including sample meal plans and physical activity tips. A pedometer was provided to all women to monitor step count. Medical nutrition therapy (MNT) was the first line of treatment given to women with GDM. Women were advised to undergo fasting blood glucose and postprandial blood glucose testing every fortnight. Insulin was indicated when the target blood glucose levels were not achieved with MNT. Women were evaluated for pregnancy outcomes and postpartum glucose tolerance status. CONCLUSIONS The WINGS MOC offers a comprehensive package at every level of care for women with GDM. If successful, this MOC will be scaled up to other resource-constrained settings with the hope of improving lives of women with GDM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arivudainambi Kayal
- Department of Policy and Programmes, International Diabetes Federation, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Viswanathan Mohan
- Department of Epidemiology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Belma Malanda
- Department of Policy and Programmes, International Diabetes Federation, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ranjit Mohan Anjana
- Department of Epidemiology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Balaji Bhavadharini
- Department of Policy and Programmes, International Diabetes Federation, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Kumar Maheswari
- Department of Epidemiology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ram Uma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seethapathy Clinic and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ranjit Unnikrishnan
- Department of Epidemiology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Lyudmil Ninov
- Department of Policy and Programmes, International Diabetes Federation, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne Belton
- Department of Policy and Programmes, International Diabetes Federation, Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bhavadharini B, Anjana RM, Mahalakshmi MM, Maheswari K, Kayal A, Unnikrishnan R, Ranjani H, Ninov L, Pastakia SD, Usha S, Malanda B, Belton A, Uma R, Mohan V. Glucose tolerance status of Asian Indian women with gestational diabetes at 6weeks to 1year postpartum (WINGS-7). Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2016; 117:22-7. [PMID: 27329018 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2016.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
AIM To determine postpartum glucose tolerance status among women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) recruited under the Women In India with GDM Strategy (WINGS) Model of Care (MOC). METHODS Through the WINGS MOC programme, 212 women with GDM were followed till delivery between November 2013 and August 2015. All women were advised to return for a postpartum oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) 6-12weeks after delivery. A multivariate logistic regression (MLR) model was developed to identify the risk factors for postpartum dysglycemia which was defined as presence of diabetes (DM) or prediabetes. RESULTS 203/212(95.8%) women completed their postpartum OGTT. Of the 161 women (79.3%) who came back for the test between 6 and 12weeks, 2(1.2%) developed DM, 5(3.1%), isolated IFG, 13(8.1%), isolated IGT and 5(3.1%) combined IFG/IGT [dysglycemia 25(15.5%)]. 136 women (84.5%) reverted to normal glucose tolerance (NGT). Of the 42 women who came back between 12weeks and a year, 5(11.9%) developed DM, 10(23.8%), isolated IFG and 1(2.4%) combined IFG/IGT [dysglycemia 16(38.1%)]. 26/42 women (61.9%) reverted to NGT. Thus overall dysglycemia occurred in 41/203 women (20.2%). MLR showed that BMI ⩾25kg/m(2) was significantly associated with postpartum dysglycemia (odds ratio: 4.47; 95% confidence interval: 1.8-11.2, p=0.001). CONCLUSION Among Asian Indian women with GDM, over 20% develop dysglycemia within one year postpartum, and BMI ⩾25kg/m(2) increased this risk four-fold. Early postpartum screening can identify high risk women and help plan strategies for prevention of type 2 diabetes in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lyudmil Ninov
- International Diabetes Federation, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Sriram Usha
- Associates in Clinical Endocrinology Education and Research (ACEER), Chennai, India
| | - Belma Malanda
- International Diabetes Federation, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne Belton
- International Diabetes Federation, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ram Uma
- Seethapathy Clinic and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mahalakshmi MM, Bhavadharini B, Maheswari K, Kalaiyarasi G, Anjana RM, Ranjit U, Mohan V, Joseph K, Rekha K, Nallaperumal S, Malanda B, Kayal A, Belton A, Uma R. Comparison of maternal and fetal outcomes among Asian Indian pregnant women with or without gestational diabetes mellitus: A situational analysis study (WINGS-3). Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2016; 20:491-496. [PMID: 27366715 PMCID: PMC4911838 DOI: 10.4103/2230-8210.183469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To compare the existing maternal and fetal outcomes in Asian Indian women with or without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) before the development of the Women in India with GDM Strategy (WINGS) GDM model of care (MOC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Records of pregnant women were extracted retrospectively from three maternity centers in Chennai. GDM was diagnosed using the International Association for Pregnancy Study Groups criteria or the Carpenter and Coustan criteria. Demographic details, obstetric history, antenatal follow-up, treatment for GDM, and outcomes of delivery were collected from the electronic medical records. RESULTS Of the 3642 records analyzed, 799 (21.9%) had GDM, of whom 456 (57.1%) were treated with insulin and medical nutrition therapy (MNT), 339 (42.4%) with MNT alone, and 4 (0.5%) with metformin. Women with GDM were older than those without (28.5 ± 4.5 vs. 27.1 ± 4.5 years; P < 0.001) and had higher mean body mass index at first booking (26.4 ± 5.2 kg/m(2) vs. 25.2 ± 5.1 kg/m(2); P < 0.001). Rates of cesarean section (26.2% vs. 18.7%; P < 0.001), preeclampsia (1.8% vs. 0.8%; P = 0.04), and macrosomia (13.9% vs. 10.8%; P = 0.02) were significantly higher among women with GDM. In women with GDM treated with insulin and MNT, emergency cesarean section (16.2% vs. 36.6%; P < 0.0001), preeclampsia (0.7% vs. 3.2%; P = 0.015), and macrosomia (9.9% vs. 18.6%; P = 0.0006) were significantly lesser compared to those treated with MNT alone. CONCLUSION Pregnancy outcomes were in general worse in GDM women. Treatment with insulin was associated with a significantly lower risk of complications. However, in countries with limited access to insulin and other medicines may lead to poor follow-up and management of GDM. Data from this retrospective study will form the basis for the development of the WINGS GDM MOC, which will address these gaps in GDM care in low-resource settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manni Mohanraj Mahalakshmi
- Department of Epidemiology and Diabetology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Balaji Bhavadharini
- Department of Epidemiology and Diabetology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kumar Maheswari
- Department of Epidemiology and Diabetology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gunasekaran Kalaiyarasi
- Department of Epidemiology and Diabetology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ranjit Mohan Anjana
- Department of Epidemiology and Diabetology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Unnikrishnan Ranjit
- Department of Epidemiology and Diabetology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Viswanathan Mohan
- Department of Epidemiology and Diabetology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kurian Joseph
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Joseph Nursing Home, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kurian Rekha
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Joseph Nursing Home, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sivagnanam Nallaperumal
- Department of Diabetology, Prashanth Infertility Research Centre, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Belma Malanda
- Department of Policy and Programmes, International Diabetes Federation, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Arivudainambi Kayal
- Department of Policy and Programmes, International Diabetes Federation, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne Belton
- Department of Policy and Programmes, International Diabetes Federation, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ram Uma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seethapathy Clinic and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bhavadharini B, Uma R, Saravanan P, Mohan V. Screening and diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus - relevance to low and middle income countries. Clin Diabetes Endocrinol 2016; 2:13. [PMID: 28702247 PMCID: PMC5471706 DOI: 10.1186/s40842-016-0031-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common metabolic complications of pregnancy. Ever since the first systematic evaluation of the oral glucose tolerance test by O'Sullivan and colleagues was carried out in 1964, there has been controversy with respect to the optimal screening and diagnostic criteria to detect GDM. The recently proposed International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) criteria for GDM has found fairly widespread acceptance, but it is still debated by several societies. This review intends to provide an overview of the evolution of the screening and diagnostic criteria for GDM. Debatable issues regarding optimal screening strategies, especially in the low resource settings of low and middle income countries are highlighted. The recent Women in India with GDM Strategy (WINGS) project carried out in Chennai, India tried to develop a Model of Care for GDM suitable for resource constrained settings. The findings related to screening and diagnosis of GDM based on WINGS are also highlighted in this review. Based on the WINGS experience we believe that despite the constraints in low and middle income countries at the present time, the IADPSG criteria appears to be the best. This will also help to bring out a uniform criteria for screening and diagnosis of GDM worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Bhavadharini
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre WHO Collaborating Center for Non-Communicable Disease Prevention and Control, 4, Conran Smith Road, Gopalapuram, Chennai, 600 086 India
| | - R Uma
- Seethapathy Clinic and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - P Saravanan
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - V Mohan
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre WHO Collaborating Center for Non-Communicable Disease Prevention and Control, 4, Conran Smith Road, Gopalapuram, Chennai, 600 086 India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mahalakshmi MM, Bhavadharini B, Maheswari K, Anjana RM, Jebarani S, Ninov L, Kayal A, Malanda B, Belton A, Uma R, Mohan V, Unnikrishnan R. Current practices in the diagnosis and management of gestational diabetes mellitus in India (WINGS-5). Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2016; 20:364-368. [PMID: 27186555 PMCID: PMC4855966 DOI: 10.4103/2230-8210.180001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To obtain information on existing practices in the diagnosis and management of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) among physicians/diabetologists/endocrinologists and obstetricians/gynecologists (OB/GYNs) in India. METHODS Details regarding diagnostic criteria used, screening methods, management strategies, and the postpartum follow-up of GDM were obtained from physicians/diabetologists/endocrinologists and OB/GYNs across 24 states of India using online/in-person surveys using a structured questionnaire. RESULTS A total of 3841 doctors participated in the survey of whom 68.6% worked in private clinics. Majority of OB/GYNs (84.9%) preferred universal screening for GDM, and screening in the first trimester was performed by 67% of them. Among the OB/GYNs, 600 (36.7%) reported using the nonfasting 2 h criteria for diagnosing GDM whereas 560 (29.4%) of the diabetologists/endocrinologists reported using the same. However, further questioning on the type of blood sample collected and the glucose load used revealed that, in reality, only 208 (12.7%) and 72 (3.8%), respectively, used these criteria properly. The survey also revealed that the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups criteria was followed properly by 299 (18.3%) of OB/GYNs and 376 (19.7%) of physicians/diabetologists/endocrinologists. Postpartum oral glucose tolerance testing was advised by 56% of diabetologists and 71.6% of OB/GYNs. CONCLUSION More than half of the physicians/diabetologists/endocrinologists and OB/GYNs in India do not follow any of the recommended guidelines for the diagnosis of GDM. This emphasizes the need for increased awareness about screening and diagnosis of GDM both among physicians/diabetologists/endocrinologists and OB/GYNs in India.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manni Mohanraj Mahalakshmi
- Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Non Communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Balaji Bhavadharini
- Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Non Communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kumar Maheswari
- Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Non Communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ranjit Mohan Anjana
- Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Non Communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Saravanan Jebarani
- Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Non Communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Lyudmil Ninov
- Department of Policy and Programmes, International Diabetes Federation, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Arivudainambi Kayal
- Department of Policy and Programmes, International Diabetes Federation, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Belma Malanda
- Department of Policy and Programmes, International Diabetes Federation, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne Belton
- Department of Policy and Programmes, International Diabetes Federation, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ram Uma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seethapathy Clinic and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Viswanathan Mohan
- Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Non Communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ranjit Unnikrishnan
- Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Non Communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bhavadharini B, Mahalakshmi MM, Anjana RM, Maheswari K, Uma R, Deepa M, Unnikrishnan R, Ranjani H, Pastakia SD, Kayal A, Ninov L, Malanda B, Belton A, Mohan V. Prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in urban and rural Tamil Nadu using IADPSG and WHO 1999 criteria (WINGS 6). Clin Diabetes Endocrinol 2016; 2:8. [PMID: 28702243 PMCID: PMC5471800 DOI: 10.1186/s40842-016-0028-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine the prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) in urban and rural Tamil Nadu in southern India, using the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) and the World Health Organization (WHO) 1999 criteria for GDM. METHODS A total of 2121 pregnant women were screened for GDM from antenatal clinics in government primary health centres of Kancheepuram district (n = 520) and private maternity centres in Chennai city in Tamil Nadu (n = 1601) between January 2013 to December 2014. Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) were done after an overnight fast of at least 8 h, using a 75 g glucose load and venous samples were drawn at 0, 1 and 2 h. GDM was diagnosed using both the IADPSG criteria as well as the WHO 1999 criteria for GDM. RESULTS The overall prevalence of GDM after adjusting for age, BMI, family history of diabetes and previous history of GDM was 18.5 % by IADPSG criteria with no significant urban/rural differences (urban 19.8 % vs rural 16.1 %, p = 0.46). Using the WHO 1999 criteria, the overall adjusted prevalence of GDM was 14.6 % again with no significant urban/rural differences (urban 15.9 % vs rural 8.9 %, p = 0.13). CONCLUSION The prevalence of GDM by IADPSG was high both using IADPSG as well as WHO 1999 criteria with no significant urban/rural differences. This emphasizes the need for increasing awareness about GDM and for prevention of GDM in developing countries like India.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Bhavadharini
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, 4, Conran Smith Road, Gopalapuram, Chennai, 600 086 India
| | | | - Ranjit Mohan Anjana
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, 4, Conran Smith Road, Gopalapuram, Chennai, 600 086 India
| | - Kumar Maheswari
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, 4, Conran Smith Road, Gopalapuram, Chennai, 600 086 India
| | - Ram Uma
- Seethapathy Clinic and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Mohan Deepa
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, 4, Conran Smith Road, Gopalapuram, Chennai, 600 086 India
| | - Ranjit Unnikrishnan
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, 4, Conran Smith Road, Gopalapuram, Chennai, 600 086 India
| | - Harish Ranjani
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, 4, Conran Smith Road, Gopalapuram, Chennai, 600 086 India
| | | | | | - Lyudmil Ninov
- International Diabetes Federation, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Belma Malanda
- International Diabetes Federation, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne Belton
- International Diabetes Federation, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Viswanathan Mohan
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, 4, Conran Smith Road, Gopalapuram, Chennai, 600 086 India
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Bhavadharini B, Mahalakshmi MM, Maheswari K, Kalaiyarasi G, Anjana RM, Deepa M, Ranjani H, Priya M, Uma R, Usha S, Pastakia SD, Malanda B, Belton A, Unnikrishnan R, Kayal A, Mohan V. Use of capillary blood glucose for screening for gestational diabetes mellitus in resource-constrained settings. Acta Diabetol 2016; 53:91-7. [PMID: 25916215 PMCID: PMC4749644 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-015-0761-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of the study was to evaluate usefulness of capillary blood glucose (CBG) for diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in resource-constrained settings where venous plasma glucose (VPG) estimations may be impossible. METHODS Consecutive pregnant women (n = 1031) attending antenatal clinics in southern India underwent 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Fasting, 1- and 2-h VPG (AU2700 Beckman, Fullerton, CA) and CBG (One Touch Ultra-II, LifeScan) were simultaneously measured. Sensitivity and specificity were estimated for different CBG cut points using the International Association of Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) criteria for the diagnosis of GDM as gold standard. Bland-Altman plots were drawn to look at the agreement between CBG and VPG. Correlation and regression equation analysis were also derived for CBG values. RESULTS Pearson's correlation between VPG and CBG for fasting was r = 0.433 [intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.596, p < 0.001], for 1H, it was r = 0.653 (ICC = 0.776, p < 0.001), and for 2H, r = 0.784 (ICC = 0.834, p < 0.001). Comparing a single CBG 2-h cut point of 140 mg/dl (7.8 mmol/l) with the IADPSG criteria, the sensitivity and specificity were 62.3 and 80.7 %, respectively. If CBG cut points of 120 mg/dl (6.6 mmol/l) or 110 mg/dl (6.1 mmol/l) were used, the sensitivity improves to 78.3 and 92.5 %, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In settings where VPG estimations are not possible, CBG can be used as an initial screening test for GDM, using lower 2H CBG cut points to maximize the sensitivity. Those who screen positive can be referred to higher centers for definitive testing, using VPG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Bhavadharini
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, IDF Centre of Education, 4, Conran Smith Road, Gopalapuram, Chennai, 600 086, India
| | - Manni Mohanraj Mahalakshmi
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, IDF Centre of Education, 4, Conran Smith Road, Gopalapuram, Chennai, 600 086, India
| | - Kumar Maheswari
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, IDF Centre of Education, 4, Conran Smith Road, Gopalapuram, Chennai, 600 086, India
| | - Gunasekaran Kalaiyarasi
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, IDF Centre of Education, 4, Conran Smith Road, Gopalapuram, Chennai, 600 086, India
| | - Ranjit Mohan Anjana
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, IDF Centre of Education, 4, Conran Smith Road, Gopalapuram, Chennai, 600 086, India
| | - Mohan Deepa
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, IDF Centre of Education, 4, Conran Smith Road, Gopalapuram, Chennai, 600 086, India
| | - Harish Ranjani
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, IDF Centre of Education, 4, Conran Smith Road, Gopalapuram, Chennai, 600 086, India
| | - Miranda Priya
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, IDF Centre of Education, 4, Conran Smith Road, Gopalapuram, Chennai, 600 086, India
| | - Ram Uma
- Seethapathy Clinic and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Sriram Usha
- Associates in Clinical Endocrinology Education and Research (ACEER), Chennai, India
| | | | - Belma Malanda
- International Diabetes Federation, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne Belton
- International Diabetes Federation, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ranjit Unnikrishnan
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, IDF Centre of Education, 4, Conran Smith Road, Gopalapuram, Chennai, 600 086, India
| | | | - Viswanathan Mohan
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, IDF Centre of Education, 4, Conran Smith Road, Gopalapuram, Chennai, 600 086, India.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Mohan V, Nallaperumal S, Anjana RM, Uma R. Reply to letter to the editor on "A perspective on testing for gestational diabetes mellitus" by Seshiah V et al. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2015; 19:850-854. [PMID: 26693442 PMCID: PMC4673820 DOI: 10.4103/2230-8210.167685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Viswanathan Mohan
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Ranjit Mohan Anjana
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ram Uma
- Seethapathy Clinic and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Affiliation(s)
- V Mohan
- Department of Diabetology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Usha
- Department of Endocrinology, Associates in Clinical Endocrinology, Education and Research (ACEER), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Uma
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Seethapathy Clinic and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Jebashini P, Uma R, Dhavachelv P, Wye HK. A Survey and Comparative Analysis of Multiply-Accumulate (MAC) Block for Digital Signal Processing Application on ASIC and FPGA. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.3923/jas.2015.934.946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
24
|
Mohan V, Mahalakshmi MM, Bhavadharini B, Maheswari K, Kalaiyarasi G, Anjana RM, Uma R, Usha S, Deepa M, Unnikrishnan R, Pastakia SD, Malanda B, Belton A, Kayal A. Comparison of screening for gestational diabetes mellitus by oral glucose tolerance tests done in the non-fasting (random) and fasting states. Acta Diabetol 2014; 51:1007-13. [PMID: 25315629 PMCID: PMC4239809 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-014-0660-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM The Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group of India (DIPSI) guidelines recommend the non-fasting 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) as a single-step screening and diagnostic test for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The aim of this study was to compare the DIPSI criteria with the World Health Organization (WHO) 1999 and the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) criteria for GDM. METHODS A total of 1,031 pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in urban and rural Tamil Nadu, India, underwent a 75-g OGTT in both non-fasting and fasting states, 2-3 days apart. Venous plasma glucose was measured using an autoanalyser, and GDM was diagnosed by DIPSI, WHO 1999 and IADPSG criteria. RESULTS Of the 83 women identified to have GDM by WHO 1999 criteria, only 23 were diagnosed by DIPSI criteria. Of the 106 women diagnosed to have GDM by the IADPSG criteria, only 24 were diagnosed by DIPSI. The DIPSI non-fasting OGTT 2-h VPG cut point of 140 mg/dl (7.8 mmol/l) had a very low sensitivity when compared to the WHO 1999 criteria (sensitivity 27.7 %, specificity 97.7 %) and IADPSG criteria (sensitivity 22.6 %, specificity 97.8 %). CONCLUSIONS The DIPSI non-fasting OGTT criteria cannot be recommended for diagnosis of GDM due to its low sensitivity. Thus, as a single-step diagnostic test for GDM, the fasting OGTT needs to be done. When this is not possible, the well-established two-step procedure using the 50-g glucose challenge test as an initial screening test, followed by the diagnostic fasting OGTT, can be continued.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viswanathan Mohan
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Non Communicable Diseases Prevention and Control and IDF Centre of Education, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, 4, Conran Smith Road, Gopalapuram, Chennai, 600 086, India,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Panicker VP, Uma R. Identification and sequence analysis of Tapasin gene in guinea fowl. Vet World 2014. [DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2014.1099-1102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
26
|
Uma R, Sevgili H. Spermatophore allocation strategy over successive matings in the bushcricketIsophya sikorai(Orthoptera Phaneropterinae). ETHOL ECOL EVOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/03949370.2014.896830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
27
|
Uma R, Garg A, Patnaik SK. Amniotic Band Sequence - A Debilitating Syndrome. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2012. [DOI: 10.31729/jnma.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A male baby was delivered by Caesarean section at term to a 35 years second gravida lady with fibroid uterus. The mother was booked and immunized and not on any medication. Antenatal and natal periods including serial ultrasounds were normal. At birth the neonate was observed to have multiple grooves over ring & middle index finger of left hand and hypoplasia of left little finger. Both great toes were amputated. In view of asymmetrical involvement, presence of amniotic bands, no other organ involvement and sporadic nature, he was diagnosed as a case of amniotic band sequence. Congenital amputations should be distinguished from congenital hypoplasia and/or aplasia. Differentiation is important for genetic counselling and evaluation of the risk of recurrence.
Keywords: Amniotic Bands, Intrauterine Amputation, Intrauterine Constriction Rings.
Collapse
|
28
|
Uma R, Garg A, Patnaik SK. Amniotic band sequence--a debilitating syndrome. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2012; 52:178-180. [PMID: 23591249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A male baby was delivered by Caesarean section at term to a 35 years second gravida lady with fibroid uterus. The mother was booked and immunized and not on any medication. Antenatal and natal periods including serial ultrasounds were normal. At birth the neonate was observed to have multiple grooves over ring & middle index finger of left hand and hypoplasia of left little finger. Both great toes were amputated. In view of asymmetrical involvement, presence of amniotic bands, no other organ involvement and sporadic nature, he was diagnosed as a case of amniotic band sequence. Congenital amputations should be distinguished from congenital hypoplasia and/or aplasia. Differentiation is important for genetic counselling and evaluation of the risk of recurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Uma
- Department of Pediatrics, 7 Air Force Hospital, Kanpur Cantt, 91 208004, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Sankar U, Uma R, Sundaramoorthy S, Velmurugan D. Ethyl ( E)-3-[1′-ethyl-2-oxo-4′-(phenylsulfonyl)-2 H-spiro[acenaphthylene-1,2′-pyrrolidine]-3′-yl]acrylate. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2012; 68:o1401. [PMID: 22590289 PMCID: PMC3344527 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536812016042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound, C28H27NO5S, the five-membered pyrrolidine ring, which exhibits an envelope conformation (the C atom at the spiral junction being the flap atom), makes dihedral angles of 57.37 (10) and 86.84 (8)°, respectively, with the phenyl ring and the acenaphthylene ring system. In the crystal, molecules associate via two C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming R22(20) and R22(10) graph-set motifs.
Collapse
|
30
|
Raju C, Uma R, Madhaiyan K, Sridhar R, Ramakrishna S. Ammonium Trifluoroacetate-Mediated Synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones. ISRN Org Chem 2011; 2011:273136. [PMID: 24052820 PMCID: PMC3767369 DOI: 10.5402/2011/273136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A simple and economic synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones using ammonium trifluoroacetate as catalyst and as solid support is accomplished. Easy workup procedure for the synthesis of title compounds is well arrived at and is well documented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chandran Raju
- Pachaiyappa's College, University of Madras, Aminjikarai, Chennai 600 029, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Rahul S, Kataria JM, Senthilkumar N, Dhama K, Sylvester SA, Uma R. Association of fowl adenovirus serotype 12 with hydropericardium syndrome of poultry in India. Acta Virol 2005; 49:139-43. [PMID: 16047743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Eight fowl adenovirus (FAdV) isolates obtained from different geographical regions of India were typed by a virus-neutralization test (VNT) using rabbit antisera against all the 12 serotypes of FAdV and by PCR for the hyper-variable region of hexon gene combined with restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis using AluI and MboI restriction enzymes. It was found that six isolates belonged to FAdV-4, one to FAdV-12 and one to both of them. This study revealed the involvement of FAdV-12 alone or in association with FAdV-4 in precipitating inclusion body hepatitis--hydropericardium syndrome (IBH-HPS) among poultry flocks in the country.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Rahul
- Division of Avian Diseases, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar--243122 (U.P.), India
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
We present a theory of slow self-focusing that is paraxial in nature, gives the field including the phase and eikonal explicitly, while it also agrees with the results of variational and moments theories. After presenting the features of the theory, particularly its similarity to the central force problem, we go on to reformulate the theory for an absorbing medium. We find that the laser beam focuses to a constant beamwidth with a small phase-front curvature depending on the extent of absorption. The theory is applicable to a whole range of saturating nonlinearities although it specializes to two plasma cases, the ponderomotive force based and the relativistic electron quiver based nonlinearities, for definitive results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Subbarao
- Center for Energy Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Affiliation(s)
- Kirk R. Smith
- Environmental Health Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
- Environment Program, East-West Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
- Tata Energy Research Institute, New Delhi, 110003, India
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
- Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation, New Delhi, 110021
| | - R. Uma
- Environmental Health Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
- Environment Program, East-West Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
- Tata Energy Research Institute, New Delhi, 110003, India
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
- Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation, New Delhi, 110021
| | - V.V.N. Kishore
- Environmental Health Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
- Environment Program, East-West Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
- Tata Energy Research Institute, New Delhi, 110003, India
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
- Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation, New Delhi, 110021
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Environmental Health Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
- Environment Program, East-West Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
- Tata Energy Research Institute, New Delhi, 110003, India
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
- Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation, New Delhi, 110021
| | - V. Joshi
- Environmental Health Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
- Environment Program, East-West Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
- Tata Energy Research Institute, New Delhi, 110003, India
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
- Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation, New Delhi, 110021
| | - M.A.K. Khalil
- Environmental Health Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
- Environment Program, East-West Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
- Tata Energy Research Institute, New Delhi, 110003, India
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
- Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation, New Delhi, 110021
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
The Diels-Alder reaction is a widely employed protocol in which four stereogenic centers are generated in a predictable manner with olefin geometry, adjoining chiral center, and transition-state topology serving as the main controlling elements. However, when the Diels-Alder partners are in a dissymmetric environment, pi-face selection is determined through the interplay of steric, orbital, and electrostatic factors whose relative importance is a subject of intense debate. Several new systems have been crafted to probe the mechanistic nuances of the pi-face selection. The available data have enabled us to qualitatively define a hierarchy of various stereoelectronic effects that would aid predictability of the stereochemical outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Mehta
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Mehta G, Venkateswarlu Y, Rao MR, Uma R. A Novel 4α-Methyl Sterol from the Soft Coral Nephthea chabroli. Journal of Chemical Research 1999. [DOI: 10.1177/174751989902301021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A new sterol, 4α-methyl-24-methylene-5α-cholestan-3β,8β-diol (1) and three known sterols 4α-methyl-24-methyl-enecholestan-3β-ol, 4α-methylcholestan-3β-ol and 24-methylenecholest-4-en-3-one are isolated from the soft coral Nephthea chabroli and characterized through spectral data and in the case of 1 by X-ray crystallographic analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G. Mehta
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - Y. Venkateswarlu
- Natural Products Laboratory, Organic Chemistry Division-I, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - M. Rama Rao
- Natural Products Laboratory, Organic Chemistry Division-I, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - R. Uma
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zhang J, Smith K, Uma R, Ma Y, Kishore V, Lata K, Khalil M, Rasmussen R, Thorneloe S. Carbon monoxide from cookstoves in developing countries: 1. Emission factors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s1465-9972(99)00004-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
37
|
|
38
|
Mehta G, Sarma PVVS, Uma R, Pogodin S, Cohen S, Agranat I. Molecular structure and reactions of 1,1′-bi(acenaphthen-1-ylidene)-2,2′-dione. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1039/a900768g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
39
|
|
40
|
Mehta G, Uma R, Jagadeesh MN, Chandrasekhar J. New paradigms in cycloaddition face-selectivities: remarkable effect of remote substituents in singlet oxygen addition to hexacyclo[7.5.1.01,6.06,13.08,12.010,14]pentadeca-2,4-diene system. Chem Commun (Camb) 1998. [DOI: 10.1039/a804313b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
41
|
Mehta G, Uma R. Oxa-bowls: formation of exceptionally stable diozonides with novel, C–H···O hydrogen bond directed, solid state architecture. Chem Commun (Camb) 1998. [DOI: 10.1039/a803915a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
42
|
Tahseen K, Khan S, Uma R, Usha R, Al Ghanem MM, Al Awadi SA, Farag TI. Kenny-Caffey syndrome in six Bedouin sibships: autosomal recessive inheritance is confirmed. Am J Med Genet 1997; 69:126-32. [PMID: 9056548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We are reporting on 16 children, in 6 unrelated sibships, born to healthy, consanguineous parents of Bedouin ancestry. Eleven of them were assessed clinically. All presented with marked growth retardation, craniofacial anomalies, small hands and feet, hypocalcemia, hypoparathyroidism, radiological evidence of cortical thickening of long bones with medullary stenosis, and absent diploic space in the skull. There was a history of 6 affected sibs dying in infancy with hypocalcemic convulsions. All cases show absence of macrocephaly and early psychomotor retardation. The present cases confirm the presence of clinical variability and co firm autosomal recessive inheritance of Kenny-Caffey syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Tahseen
- Department of Pediatrics, Al-Jahra Hospital, Safat, Kuwait
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Uma R, Palaniandavar M. Copper(II)-disulphide interaction in copper complexes containing salicylaldimine and pyridylaldimine ligands: synthesis, spectra and redox behaviour. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00191140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
44
|
Usha R, Uma R, Farag TI, Girish Y, al-Ghanim MM, al-Najdi K, al-Awadi SA, el-Badramany MH. Late diagnosis of phenylketonuria in a Bedouin mother. Am J Med Genet 1992; 44:713-5. [PMID: 1481837 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320440603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We report on the first case of phenylketonuria in a Bedouin woman with 3 children having the phenylketonuria embryofetopathy. Herein, we discuss briefly hazards of late diagnosis of maternal phenylketonuria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Usha
- Paediatric Department, Al-Jahra Hospital, Kuwait
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Babu RS, Uma R, Sembulingam K, Namasivayam A. Acetylcholine and cholinesterase levels in the brain of methanol treated rats. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 1992; 36:289-90. [PMID: 1291487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
46
|
Abstract
Five Bedouin sibs are described with Meckel-Gruber syndrome (MGS), an autosomal recessive disorder with multiple abnormalities. Each affected sib manifested only two of the three cardinal signs of MGS: occipital encephalocele and polycystic kidneys, lacking polydactyly. The phenotypic variability of the MGS pleiotropic gene is briefly discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T I Farag
- Kuwait Medical Genetics Centre, Paediatric Department
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Farag TI, al-Awadi SA, Yassin S, el-Kassaby TA, Jaefary S, Usha R, Uma R, Mady SA, Fakhr M, Mannae M. Anencephaly: a vanishing problem in Bedouins? J Med Genet 1989; 26:538-9. [PMID: 2769728 PMCID: PMC1015682 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.26.8.538-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
48
|
Farag TI, Al-Awadi SA, Al-Othman SA, Sundareshan TS, Krishna Murthy DS, Usha R, Madg SA, Uma R. Down syndrome and trisomy 18 in the Bedouins. Am J Med Genet 1988; 29:943-4. [PMID: 2969682 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320290427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
49
|
Farag TI, Al-Awadi SA, Hunt MC, Satyanath S, Zahran M, Usha R, Uma R. A family with spondyloepimetaphyseal dwarfism: a 'new' dysplasia or Kniest disease with autosomal recessive inheritance? J Med Genet 1987; 24:597-601. [PMID: 3681904 PMCID: PMC1050286 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.24.10.597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We present an Arab family with some features of Kniest disease. The proband was a six year old boy with rhizomelic short limbed dwarfism, 'dish-like' facies, cleft palate, deafness, and camptodactyly. Most radiological changes were compatible with Kniest disease. Two younger sibs, similarly affected, had died at a few months old, and the pedigree shows strong evidence of autosomal recessive inheritance, unlike previously reported cases of Kniest disease which have shown autosomal dominant inheritance.
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
Childhood thyrotoxicosis is not an uncommon illness, but there is a considerable relapse rate in these patients on medical treatment. An attempt is made in this study to identify those markers that are predictive of a tendency to relapse in childhood thyrotoxicosis. A total of 32 patients with Graves disease were included in the study. Several features were correlated with a tendency to relapse. Of these features, sex, family history, and antibody status were not significantly correlated to relapse. However, of 17 patients with goiter size two times normal or larger, 16 relapsed in comparison with seven relapses of 15 patients with goiter size less than two times normal (p = 0.0039). Of eight patients without ophthalmopathy, only two relapsed, while 21 patients of 24 patients with ophthalmopathy, relapsed (p = 0.002). Of 13 patients with serum thyroxine levels below 20 mcg/dl, six relapsed; of the 19 patients with serum thyroxine levels above 20 mcg/dl, 17 relapsed (p = 0.039). Among 24 patients with a previous relapse, only one achieved a remission with a second course of treatment. The remaining 23 patients had recurrent relapses. Hence it was found that goiter size, presence of ophthalmopathy, total thyroxine levels, and a previous relapse correlated significantly with a further relapse.
Collapse
|